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Comprising
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INDEX TO ARTICLES
Vol. No. Page Vol. No. Page
An Appreciative Critic abi 4 120 Are We Better Off! .... 1S ed 10 Asymbiotic Raising of Orchid Seedlings, The . my 8 99 Asymbiotic Raising of Orchid Seedlings, The ... 17 A 119 Australian Orchid Review, The ... 17 1 15 : FA WATS jen cro ee dee: 17 1 9 | AWETOS MEU LIC 2 Ing at OLA eee ene ee een) ee nee 19 2 77 | Awards, O.S. of N.S.W., 1951 17 1 14 | Awards, O.S. of N.S.W., 1952 17 3 88 Awards, O.S. of N.S.W., 1953 .... 18 4 157 | Awards, O.S. of N.S.W., 1954 " 19 2 45 Awards (V.O/C2 911952 pee cee tere ae eee 9 Cent aatiaia cathe 17 1 14 | Awards, V.O.C., 1952 . 17 3 82 Awards, V.O.C., 1952 . 74 2 «121 ] Awards, V.O.C., 1953 . 18 4 160 Awards, V.O.C., 1953 . 19 2 76 | Bissetyed Ga ee ‘ 19 4 164 ! Book Review .... ne Shee 1 44 | Book Review 18 2 56 | Book Review... ; 18) 2 69 | IBOOKssRLeVie Wii emai » I -8 124 | Brierly, The late William 19 2 15 | Bromheadia (Lindl) 18 3 101 | Bulbophyllum in Australia, The Genus .. 17 oe 97 | Caladenia, An Abnormal ......... 19 1 15 ] California Cymbidiums Inc. 17 64 | Cattleyas, Some Notes on iy 34 | Charcoal, The Use of 1 61 WW | Climatological Effects on Orchid Culture 19 3 102 | Coelogyne OCCU AGA oecmennpenen Vi ue | Copper Naphthenate, A Fungicide stv Ets Raising i 4) 139 | Cultivation of Compost, The .. 18 83 117 | Cultural Guide, A Monthly .. 19 3 19 | Cultural Guide, A Mone in @ 167 | Cultural Notes cme 7 1 14-25 17 3 82-96 17 4 124-134 18 1 11-33 | 18 2 65-71 18 3 104-122 ] Cultural Notes for S.A... te 1 3 104 ] Cymbidium x Louis Sander var, Kirribilli . Line? ues ] Cymbidium Mosaic 19 2 61 Cymbidium Notes for Novices 19 3 117 ] Cymbidium Potting Mixtures iW 8 84 | Oymbidiums 0. 18 3 120 | Cymbidiums, The Cultivation of.. i 8 87 | Cymbidiums, Troubles with 19 1 18 | Dendrobium, A New Australian... 13 ee 18 | Dendrobium bigibbum .... 18 4 152 | Dendrobium bigibbum and varieties .. 19 2 716 | Dendrobium from New Guinea, A Beautiful 18 2 58 Dendrobium gracilicaule .. 19 «1 wv Dendrobium linguiforme ... 18 «3 112 | Dendrobium phalaenopsis Culture .. 19 2 80 Dendrobiums iu 14 | Diseases and Pests of Orchids yp 24 | Districts Exhibits, O.S. of N.S.W., 1951 wo o1 16 Districts Exhibits, O.S, of N.S.W., 1953 15 eee 158 a Fe
[a
Eastern Suburbs Orchid Show, 1952 .. Eastwood Orchid Circle Show, 1952. Eastwood Orchid Circle Show, 1953 Eria, A New Species of Erwinia carotovora. ............
First World Orchid Conference, The .... Fitzgerald R. D. Fungus and its Association with Seed Germination . Genetics or Just Plain Chance Gleanings from Overseas Orchid Periodicals ...
Gosford District Orchid Society Gosford District Orchid Society, 1953 Ex. .... Gravel Culture of Cattleyas, The .... Gravel Culture of Cattleyas, The ...
Healthy Plants from Diseased Materials Heating, Humidification, etc., of Glass-houses . Heating of Green-houses by Ducted Hot Air ... Hot-Box, A Low-voltage ..... How to Start a Collection ...
Illawarra Field Notes’ Impressions on the 1954 Cymbidium Season. ... Inland Orchid Growers
Judging for Awards ......... Judging of Orchids, The + Judging of Orchids, The ... Judging Standards for Awards, THE crn: Judging Standards, O.S. of N.S.W., and V.O. ©.
Leaf Mould for Orchids .. Letters
Light Intensity Lime, Some Orchids Require ....
Manuring Cymbidiums, Some Notes on .. Markell, The late Judge H. Fi ees Meat or Mound Ant, The Method to Soften Herbarium Material Methods of Growing Orchid Seed . Miltonia Culture in France ....... MOre nA DOULEOLCHIC€ COM DOSES meee terete tetas eee menig IMOLe mt role alle GTL CLUS] 2S esate teeter tear nese ne eet rere reenrene cence Mosaic, Cymbidium. ................ Newcastle Orchid Society . New Orchid Journal, A . News and Notes eres
No Orchids! 00. + North Queensland Orchid Society, “The Notes for Beginners ...............
New Zealand Orchid Society. ‘Inc, ‘The. New Zealand Orchids, Some .............
Occurrence of Rot in Orchids, The Odontoglossum Culture in France .........
Odontoglossum x Sunfly var. Glenda Raymond Orchidaceousw:l deals amet: at nie aneeen aieiere eenne
Vol.
17 17 18 18 19
19 17 19 17 17 18 19 17 18
19 19 18 18 19
17 19 19
19 18 18 17 19 18 17 19 18 18
17 18 18 17 18 19 17 18 19 17 17 17 17 18 18 19 19 18 18 19 17 19 19 19 19 19
164
133 165
107
121
118 163
10
8-25 86-94 17-31 104-122 15-36 106-124 30
32
105
131
71
171
16
29
118
17 17 18 18 19 19
PW PWD PW
52-66 121-134 60-70 148-168 60-80 158-176
1 | ] |
| | | |
Orchid Club of S.A,. Ann Exhibition, The -.ccc0ccnnnenmnnnne
Orchid Collecting in New Guinea... OrchidMiGll tram neanee ener Orchid Culture in Brisbane ............ Orchid Culture in a Cold Climate ... Orchid Culture, Some Basic Scientific Principles in Orchid Export Markets in the U.K. and U.S.A. Orchid Growing on the Blue Mountains, N.S.W. Orchid MOSaic orem “ Orchid Mosaic, Prevention ‘enitak rire: of Orchid Nutrition Orchid Shows, 1952 as 1953 Pave raced da nteat tenet Aten ts erctisentente enctetercors
Orchid Society of N.S.W., Shows 1952, The ... 1953 1954
Orchid Standards Orchid Virus, Some Notes on... Orchid Viruses, Some Notes on . OrchidSs fone Lx pOLbaseteanan anata Orchids in the Springtime cece Orchids of Barrington Tops, N.S.W., The . Orchids of Mt. Beauty, Vic., The 0... Orchids of Wilson River, N.S.W., The . Pauwels, The late Theodore Pest Control, A Table for . ae PeSt Control, Trends in wcccccmsctnnensnenennnratnemeanmennnisniaantrinasain Phalaenopsis, The Genus .... i Potting Receptacles—Large or Small .... Prize Winners, O.S. of N.S.W. Festival 1952, The
1953 1954
Puzzled Raising New Hybrids from Seed . sini Raising Seedlings, Some further Notes on. ..... Read, The late Isaac W.
Retrospect of an Orchid Fancier, “The . Slugs and (Smalls geese nncnneynony nosis Slugs and Snails, A New. ‘Method. of ‘Contro ling eaten Some Factors Influencing the Growth of Orchids .. Standards for the Odontoglossum Group Sugar-Cane Fibre as a Compost, ... ATS ar kaeeneneentaeee:
To Feed or Not to Feed .... fy Townsville Orchid Society 1953 ‘Show, “The. z
VETihS eee Vandas, The Culture fora Vase of Cymbidiums, The ...... Vegetative Propagation of Orchids, ‘The Victorian Orchid Club 1952 Show ~....... O53 fear 1954 Virus Diseases of Orchids «0... Visit to Charlesworth & Co. Ltd.
Wardian Case, The .. ‘Worth, W. B.
Vol.
1?
18 18
18 18 18 19 19 17 18 18 18 17 18 19 19 17 18 18 17 19 19 17 17% 19 19
18
19 19 19 18 17 17 18 19 19 17 19 19 17% 18 19 17 17 18
17 18 17 18 17 19 17 Wy 18 18
19 18
MW 19 17
BPE VEWWH ERY WH RH NY KOR PWN VYYE PP PRR SER RW WWNDWHNNYNYPWHHORNNNY WR WY WY WR HOE
Page 26 161 113 29 162 102 14 78 81 52 149
115.
58-62 14 60-72 159-176 80 106 113 124 719
16
57
80
69 108
- 114 104 160 156 166 95 125 157 163
35 135
27 75 45 70 104 122 13 105 51 72 25 27 93 13 118 29 25 119
115 23
63 36 133
Vol.
18
17 18 19
VW
19
19
18 19 18
No.
2
oo W& oO
Pep
4 4 2
Page 68
82-98 122 104-124
132 25 163
159 159 59
INDEX TO ILLUSTRATIONS
Brassocattleya x Gatton Lily (Front Cover) Brassolaeliocattleya x Bow Bells var. Snow Cloud Brassolaeliocattleya x Normans Bay var. Wondabah (colour) Begg, A. R. Bisset, J. Bromheadiag-venusStery tes ecpteccstrtectenntee Me ceEE Is RNS i tncc ee Ne
Cirrhopetalum fascinator .. Climatological Graphs ......... Coelogyne occultata (Front Cover) Cymbidium x Adele Sander var. Narcissus (colour) ... Cymbidium x Arabella var. Magnificent Cymbidium x Balkis var. Janette (colour) ... Cymbidium x Carisbrook var. Merrilong . Cymbidium x Cassandra var. Exquisite ........ Cymbidium x Cassandra var. Jennifer Cymbidium x Cygnus var. Auriflame ........ Cymbidium x Cyzara var. Remembrance (colour) .. Cymbidium x Dorchester var. Jeanette (Front Cover) .......... Cymbidium x Eagle var. Snow Queen ......... Cymbidium x Flamingo var. Allambie ....... Riad Cymbidium x Gibraltar var. Wondabah (Front Cover) .......... Cymbidium x Girrahween var. Enid Symbidium x Girrahween var. Gloria (colour) Cymbidium x Girrahween var. Red Star ecco Cymbidium x Independence Day var. Girrilong Cymbidium x Ispahan var. Mascot (Front Cover) .... Cymbidium x Istanbul var. Isobel (Front Cover) Cymbidium x Jungfrau var. Felicity ne Cymbidium x Louis Sander var. Kirribilli (Front Cover) .... Cymbidium x Memoria Albertii var. Albert .. Cymbidium x Miranda var, Maisie occu Cymbidium x Princess Elizabeth var. Maisie Cymbidium x Neville Chamberlain. ................. Cymbidium x Princesse Astrid var. orn Cymbidium x Rhamboda var. Merrilong ..... Cymbidium x Rusleur var. Balmoral .......... Cymbidium x Sandpiper var. Dorothy ccc Cymbidium x Sussex var. Laelia Sasso (colour) Cymbidium x Swallow var. Bellevue Cymbidium var. Daffodil Cymbidium x Hebe ................. Cymbidium x Swallow var. Jill Cymbidium x Swallow var. Lemon Beauty .. Cymbidium x Swallow var. Soulangeana . Cymbidiums, A Vase of . Sos br Cypripedium x Balaclava ° var. . Margaret . Cypripedium x Betty Wilson var. Henley .. Cypripedium x Brita var. Rotunda .... Cypripedium x Conigar var. Verlie ....... Cypripedium x Evansrose var. Laelia Sasso ... Cypripedium x Lady Kitty Laura var. Henley ...cccmmunnnunnnn Cypripedium x Langley Pride var. Laelio Sasso (colour) Cypripedium x Penlea var. Laelia SASSO ..n.ccccmmmnnnnnnmnnnns Cypripedium x Rhine x Grassington .. Cypripedium x Selena 0. Cypripedium x Selena var. Verlie .
No.
RPReE PPP PRP NYE NEP WNWE PRP WAY EP NDNYNYEPNYDY yD KWH NWP RED LPWwWwWwWPRnndw dE. RP WR DY eB
Page
129 19 55
lii
100
111 154 154
108
128
127 12%
129 127
Vol.
19
19
18
No.
Page
65
110
108
Cypripedium x Tearlath var. Distinction .. Cypripedium x Tearlath var, Henley ......... Cypripedium x Tearlath var. Margaret Ann... Sypripedium x Thule var. The Globe Sypripedium x Utopia var Girrahween ..
Dendrobium aemulum ........... Dendrobium canaliculatum ..... Dendrobium x Cranbrook var. Henley .. Dendrobium x Gatton Monarch var. Christine Read . Dendrobium gracilicaule Dendrobium infundibulum
Dendrobium x Lady Constance var. Country Fair Dendrobium linguiforme Dendrobium masonii Dendrobium ostrinoglossum woe Dendrobium x Pompadour var. Wondabah _ Dendrobium speciosum (Front Cover) em.r.u06\j| Dendrobium x Sunburst var. Tain (colour) Dendrobium thyrsiflorum (Front Cover) “ District Exhibits O.S. of N.S.W., 1951 onmmnmnnnnnnmnnnnnnnnne
Eria@linarlifloraenwncteciae sores ties ter cerita ich Oe eae eer ae
General Apparatus used in Raising Seedlings . Glossodia emarginata (Front Cover)
Hot-Box, Plan of Low-voltage Insect Pests Laeliocattleya. General Maude x Valencia var. Rydal Mount
Laeliocattleya X Moloch var. Sidon (COOUL) veces Laeliocattleya Ste TEATSN GES), EDN, IRENE) anoscrperr coven sess ronminsypean roma eragess avred de
Miltonia x Emotion (Front Cover) Miltonia x Lycaena var. Stamperland . Miltonia x Petunia var. Red Admiral Miltonia x Velvet Charm var. Paul ... Miltonia x Velvet Charm var, Ruby Miltonia x Woodlands var. Bellevue c.civ:suersnnnnnnnnninncsn
Odontoglossum x Dryade (Front COVE) crcnncnntnnnmnsunnss Odontoglossum x Sunfly var. Glenda Raymond (colour) Odontonia x Moliere ... Offshoot on Cattleya Skinneri .... Oncidium x Palmyre var. Diane Orchid Collecting in New Guinea . Orchids by Air—B.O.A.C. ccnnunmnen
Packing Orchids for Exportation Phalaenopsis x Louisa Georgina var. Noni Phalaenopsis x Reve Rose var. Balmoral
DH Readings Read, The late I. W.
Sarcochilus Hartmannii Sophrolaeliocattleya x Trizac var. ONL Da eae nanent nn
Vanda coerulea, var. Tain (colour) Vanda coerulea var. Wondabah ....... Vanda x Punchbowl] var. Laelia Sasso occnnn Vanda x Rothschildiana var. Balmoral (colour) f Virus Caused Symptoms or Orchid Mosaic Virus Diseases Of OLChid. .vmvscnsssnnsunuaansnanainrnniinmmuniaaninss
Vol.
Rw PwWwP PW Ve Wed VNVwAWNNnNVdeE HR WHR PWD WwWwd Fw COR TD me RPM DWP ene Wye Vww Pw VW Pe
Zz cI
Page
155
110
55-56
Vol.
No.
Page
AUSTRALIAN ORCHID REVIEW, MARCH, 1952 PAGE 1
| Special Announcement to Orchid Enthusiasts
John Bisset has pleasure in announcing the publication of Two Books on Orchid Culture which are invaluable aids to Orchid enthusiasts.
THE CHARM OF GROWING ORCHIDS FOR EVERYBODY ORCHIDS by R. Bruce Hogg by P. A. Gilbert Over 200 pages with 32 pages of 232 pages of Cultural Notes and Photos Illustrations. Price 21/- (Post I/- extra) Price 25/- (Post I/- extra)
PRIVATE (Evenings) JA8906 NURSERY — Phone WAI124
JOHN BISSET
FLANDRIA
QUALITY IN os BRUGES BELGIUM ORCHIDS Thousands of mature and flowering- CYMBIDIUMS (hybrids) sized Cattleya, Brassocattleya, Brasso- Toteludi : er laeliocattleya, Laeliocattleya, Potinara, cane higs Maui? NCES Sophrolaeliocattleya available. s CYPRIPEDIUM hybrids for first class
cut flowers.
CYMBIDIUM: The collection of 5,000 plants previously advertised is now sold. However, we are in a position to offer
Inspection Invited on any day by
arrangement
: Cymbidium seedlings of excellent par- | entage and in large quantities. L. H. NEWMAN e 3 80 Provincial Road, Lindfield Bank Drafts for plants now obtainable from .SYDNEY, N.S.W. your Bank. Tel. JM2803 Special offers and Lists airmailed free
on request.
PRANK -Sb Al i ERY 12 EDDYSTONE RD., BEXLEY
SYDNEY, N.S.W. cordially invites all Orchid Lovers to inspect his stocks of
Australian raised Cymbidium and Cattleya seedlings on hand. Dendrobiums, Phaius, , Miscellaneous Orchids, etc. Call and inspect a vey compact Hot Box, and the simple and economical Aladdin Glass House Heater, for the improvement of growth in nursery plants.
Phone: LX2985 Beginners welcomed and every assistance given
PAGE 2 AUSTRALIAN ORCHID REVIEW, MARCH, 1952
"CARE ING Rae 3.
are happy to report a MARVELLOUS RECOVERY
from December's Bushfires
Due to the fire, of course, thousands of immediately and reserve a copy of Roy Deane’s
NEW ORCHID BOOK
Sent post free anywhere. This book is now in preparation.
“Greenacre” plants were divided and re- potted. Fhese are now showing wonderful growth—in some cases two new growths
where only one would be expected normally. Address your letter as follows and a copy will be sent to you within the next few
All lovers of good orchids should write weeks. ;
“Greenacres’—Valley Heights Remember—at GREENACRES a child
On the Lower Blue Mountains, N.S.W. can buy Orchids with complete safety.
BLACK & FLORY Ltd.
ESD
We have a limited number of FLOWERED Cattleyas, FLOWERED Cypripediums and FLOWERED Cymbidiums for sale and are able to despatch to Australia throughout our winter, due to our proximity to London Airport.
We do not at present issue a catalogue, but lists of plants will be willingly sent to enquirers. Please state in what genera interested.
We do not sell community pots or small plants.
AUSTRALIAN ORCHID REVIEW, MARCH, 1952
ODONTOGLOSSUMS ODONTIODAS |
and allied genera in great variety are available to you from the
CHOICEST STOCK IN THE WORLD
HIGH QUALITY MODERN HYBRIDS
in a wider colour range than exists in any other generic group of orchids
NO LESS THAN 47 AWARDS BY THE
ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY
SECURED BY OUR ODONTOGLOS-
SUMS AND ALLIED GENERA SINCE 1948
We shall have the pleasure in quoting you in these or other genera on advice of your requirements to :
CHARLESWORTH & Co. Ltd. Haywards Heath, Sussex, England
For the finest
ORCHID HYBRIDS
in all genera
Specialty of: _ Cattleyas and allied genera Vandas, Phalaenopses Miltonias, Odontonias and Odontoglossums
Australian clients can obtain our Catalogue from L. Giles, Carlingford, N.S.W.
VACHEROT-LECOUFLE BOISSY—SAINT—LEGER Seine et Oise, FRANCE
Cable: Vacherot—Boissy St. Leger Seine et Oise, France
Phone: Boissy St. Leger 42 VISITORS WELCOME
PAGE 3
INDIAN ORCHIDS
By Air or Sea. Direct from our Nurseries
Cymbidium, Cypripedium, Dendrobium, Vanda Coerulea, etc.
We stock all the best kinds of horti- cultural and botanical Indian Orchids. Write for our catalogue now, and place your order immediately for the Indian Autumn (November approxi-
mately) delivery.
G. GHOSE & CO. Townend, DARJEELING, INDIA
To Glass-House Owners
HAVE YOUR GLASS-HOUSES PAINTED BY EXPERTS
Ring XM1434
L. J. BUSH
. 468 NEW ST., ELSTERNWICK, VIC. MEMBER MASTER .PAINTERS' ASSOCIATION.
TREMORVA ORCHIDS
Good quality Cymbidiums at reasonable prices.
SURPLUS STOCK SALE
Inspection Saturday Afternoon, Sundays only. Country enquiries and orders receive prompt
attention.
TREMORVA ORCHIDS
24. Murray St., Lane Cove, N.S.W. Off Ralston’ St., near Mowbray Road. JAS5I06
PAGE 4
SHEAD’S ORCHIDARIUM
TH
A SEASONAL ANNOUNCEMENT
Of interest to all Orchid enthusiasts.
The Orchidarium is now open to local visitors, country clients, and all those interested in the growing cf Orchids. This season promises to be our best as all our Champion Cymbidiums are showing every indication of surpassing our previous efforts in the quality and excellence of our spikes and blooms, the growth and bulb develop- ment being superior in every respect.
We have now completed all our building operations which include modern Tea- rooms, and other conveniences for our customers, such as seating accommodation, and full protection from rain and stormy weather.
Due to the elevated position of Shead’s Orchidarium, several Look-outs provide an unsurpassed panoramic view of the surrounding suburbs. Immediately below the Look-outs native shrubs, trees, and other ornamental vegetation help to form a rest- ful scene. Country, Interstate, and Overseas Orchid enthusiasts will enjcy inspect- ing this leading Show: place for Orchids. There is not anything like it in Australia. Spend a Saturday or Sunday amid beautiful Orchids in a superb environment.
AUSTRALIAN ORCHID REVIEW, MARCH, 1952
a hi
a Re i UN ll
——————————————————
AUSTRALIAN ORCHID REVIEW, MARCH, 1952 PAGE 5
MODERN SEED-RAISING PLANT
The completion of one of the most modern and complete laboratories for raising seedlings of all varieties of Orchids has been accomplished. The Orchidarium’s Lab- oratory is built of plate and commercial glass throughout. We have been particu- larly fortunate in being able to engage Mr. Van de Brun from England, who also has been occupied in Orchid culture in Holland and India, to manage this industry for us. ‘The wide experience of this expert will be available for answering inquiries with regard to seedlings, and all communications should be addressed to him personally, c/- of Shead’s Orchidarium., Here in the Orchidarium you will be able to examine seeds being raised under exactly the same methcds as those in use in Holland and
the U.S.A.
LABOUR DIFFICULTIES HAVE BEEN OVERCOME
Owing to the many difficulties associated with building operations, the general shortage of labour, and our inability to secure suitable clerical assistance, we have been unable to answer hundreds of inquiries about Orchid culture received from our | numerous clients all over Australia. This shortcoming has now been completely rec- tified. By writing to Mr. J. O’Brien, c/- Shead’s Orchidarium, all inquiries in
future will be answered immediately.
| Our floral display will begin early in June and terminate about *ihe end of November. Do not fail to visit the Orchidarium during this period.
Open every day in the week from from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m.
The Orchidarium carries large stocks of all accessories to Orchid culture—
compests, pots, labels, etc. “The beginner or advanced grower will find it very
convenient to buy at Shead’s Orchidarium.
SHEAD’S ORCHIDARIUM
105 HOMER ST., EARLWOOD, N.S.W. Phone: LL3591
LOCATION
(
Shead’s Orchidarium is six (6) miles from Sydney, and is situated on top of the hill just over the Cook’s River Bridge at Undercliffe on the Earlwood tramline. A regular and frequent tram service from Sydney to Earlwood stops at the entrance to the Orchidarium. Visitors travelling by rail should alight at Marrickville Station, then take the tram, alighting at the third stop after crossing the Cook’s River Bridge. Motorists pass over the Marrickville Rail- way Bridge, following the tramline to the top of the hill at Earlwood.
OTD Ne Sk LS Be na eT eee ae
PAGE 6 Sime AUSTRALIAN ORCHID REVIEW, MARCH, 1952
orchids
to the eWei He
Business as usual
We are the original pioneers and largest consignors of cymbidium blooms throughout the world.
Our system of packing, merchandising and consign- ing is recognised in the United States as the best.
We collect regularly during the season.
RELIABILITY, SERVICE AND SATISFACTION
WE PAY HIGHEST PRICES AND CASH! CONTACT US EARLY.
Get Melle Cele sis
172 HARROW ROAD, KOGARAH, N.S.W. Telephone LW3502
South Yarra
\ Se ey } 7 / : h, “l Se” ustratian ront CVLEW
Volume 17 MARCH, 1952 | No. 1
The author of each article is responsible for the facts and opinions expressed therein.
: Contents i ‘ ARTICLES AustraliangOrchid@Revicw, i LiNepsesmicce) Slur the soins lta mnnnmErt: oe 15 Agterikeaney nie (Mp ae ge ye ee ees Lee ke 9 Awards, O.S. of N.S.W., and Vic. O. Glub Weal Cae 2 ye el: Coelogyne occultata—G. Ghose ww ee ten urd Aca LA, Cultural Notes eee Wd Writ) SE A RE jo dei 14, 15, 21, 25 Diseases and Pests of Orchids—C. G. Williams (one um sme 24
District Exhibits (O.S. of N.S.W.) Jubilee Orchid Festival,” 1951—
Douglas oer eet et a wade hae Tae Lh SEN 16 Editorial Sotho tide ha) ae mi 3.8 SEES te Bera. siekac 8 Fitzgerald, Robert David—Rev. H. M. R. Rupp ome me ssn 22 Judging Standards for Awards, The—R. Vick eh Nace LL Letters _..... ae Ly ava Se age Pe bite Ti sine Ge 10 Method to Soften Herbarium Materia os one (aioe aa en ae 2B More About Orchid Composts—T. H. James (wc ne tae bead SEPM Newcastle Orchid Society—W. M. Hollinshead ane fn ree 12403 New Orchid Journal, A—(review) cays Pie ee. oh ean PLO. News and Notes _..... ag ees ey ory se 8, 14, 15, 21, 25 Orchid Club of South Australia Annual Exhibition, The .. 0... 26 Standards for the Odontoglossum Group 92 ese tee tne te 13. Townsville Orchid Society at Se Ae Recreate Sys 25 : Vegetative Propagation of Orchids, The—J. G. Smith Re 1 ea 29 ILLUSTRATIONS Brassolaeliocattleya x Normans Bay var. Wondabah (colour) . ..... 19 Coelogyne occultata (Front Cover)—G. Ghose ; District Exhibits (O.S. of N.S.W., 1951)—W. Harris : (8) Earlwood District Orchid Society _.... Sra Romi esta 20 (3) (4) Eastwood and District Orchid Circle Ribs a “ent 17, 19 (6) Hornsby Ku-ring-gai Orchid Society.ieaeae nme METS (7) Mosman Home Gardeners’ Association oe acy Se en 20 (5) Sydney Orchid Club pret ean peed Side eee NES (1) (2) Western Suburbs Orchid Society be: oi ie, She 17,19 Personnel Hon. Editor: P. A. Gilbert, 37 Colin St., Lakemba, N.S.W. Associates QUEENSLAND: : VICTORIA: SOUTH AUSTRALIA WESTERN AUSTRALIA: TASMANIA: T . Vick R. J. Langdon AMC 7 . 15. Challinor St 32 Hevintots Av. 8 Reet St. 50 Bay View Tee : Hersteeeecs Ipswich. Balwyn, E.8. Millswood Mosman Park Sandy Bay
and drawings are invited, and may be forwarded to any of the above gentlemen, for publication in
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AUSTRALIAN ORCHID REVIEW, MARCH, 1952
Editorial Ma
PAGE 8
<a
In this and recent numbers of the Australian Orchid Review, both Victorian and New South Wales Orchid enthusiasts have raised the issue of improving the methods of judging show flowers and granting awards. All these papers, undoubtedly, are read with enthusiasm by those genuinely interested in the advancement of prize horticultural types.
The end of hybridization is not yet in sight and, until it is, the perfect flower remains un- attainable. Consequently, a continual revision of standards will have to take place until the idealistic perfect shape, the generally pleasing colour and utilisable size have been achieved. Hence, at present, the society that elects to stabilize its standards by resisting any periodical alterations will be hopelessly out of date within a few years. Arriving at an ideal standard in Australia is still in the evolutionary stage and until the floral form is fixed by hybridists it is well nigh impossible to formulate a fixed standard,
The rank of championship for the Cym- bidium, in particular, has been severely criti- cized. There are two ways of meeting this dissatisfaction. Firstly; a rigid standard can be worked out to apply to the champion, with a consequent refusal by the judge or judges to grant a championship if the plant or Orchid does not reach the required number of points. In a large exhibition the rejection of a cham- pionship would detract immensely from the value of an exhibition as an educational display and we should probably hear a remark some- thing like the following:—‘Just fancy a large seasonal show like this being unable to stage a champion!”
Secondly, the champion can be selected from varieties which may be inferior, mediocre or superior in quality. Thus, in the case of Cym- bidiums, a common type could win as champion in one show, while a choice variety would be hard put to to win in another display. Hence, in this instance, without rigid judging rules the championship is relative to the immediate entries on the show bench and is therefore valueless as a basis of comparison for horticultural excel- lence. .
The most reasonable approach seems to be that a championship standard be arrived at and, unless an exhibit reaches that standard, there shall not be any award. A champion in any major show should score Award of Merit points or higher.”
In framing a standard we should be consistent in our idealism. Thus, if the round flower is adopted as the ideal shape, other shapes should
‘ be mentioned in the category—oblong or tri-
angle, for instance, stating their relative in- feriority. The ideal for size should be definite, again taking the Cymbidium. ‘The larger the flower gets the further away from roundness it becomes and observations over a number of years reveal that the Cymbidium flowers that fit in from three and a half inches to four anda quar- ter inches measurements across the petals are generally nearer roundness than other sizes, hence, the emphasis in points should be on these sizes to coincide with the ideal of: roundness.
Cymbidium: lovers in particular are search- ing for the ideal number of flowers on the raceme. Having regard for the origin of our best show types, seven to thirteen flowers would appear to be the full expectation of the inflor- escence, and if this margin is accepted as the ideal raceme, here again, the allocation of points should be made in such a way as to cover the idealistic range in the number of flowers—nine to twelve flowers being treated with greater significance. The gradually arching stem dis- plays Cymbidium flowers to greater advan- tage than either the erect stem or the stem that is more or less horizontal, and thus we should extend our idealism to the gently arching stem.
In formulating a Cymbidium standard on the points system, for instance, the series of ideal characters should be clearly stated for the bene- fit of competitors, the points being allocated so that they can be used to the best advantage on these ideal characters, and thus give the com- petitors a clear idea of what is required. To attain perfection in judging, a close study of the characters of the flower in relation to the work the points have to do would lead to better exhibitions and greater satisfaction among ex- hibitors.
® California Cymbidium Growers’ Associ- ation has been formed for the purpose of stabil- izing the marketing of Cynebidium flowers and for the establishment of a system for grading Cymbidium blooms. It is hoped that the system will be adopted nationally (A.O.S.B., p. 663, Nov., 1951). A note suggesting a similar move locally appeared in the A.O.R., Vol. 15, No. 4, jee: SE,
AUSTRALIAN ORCHID REVIEW, MARCH, 1952
PAGE 9
Awards R. BRUCE HOGG, Brunswick, Vic.
@ During a recent trip abroad, I took the op- portunity to discuss with prominent growers in Britain the granting of Awards, and I feel that I would like to put before readers of the Aws- trelian Orchid Review my views on this subject.
Readers will probably remember that on occasions I have criticized the present Aus- tralian method of granting awards, but let me first explain the method adopted in England. About twenty good judges who are members of the Orchid section. of the Royal Horticultural Society sit as award judges, but, of course, a judge is not allowed to sit when any plant of his has been submitted for an award. The plant submitted is placed on the table and passed round from member to member of the Com- mittee, Mild comment such as “that is a beauti- ful flower” or “don’t like its conformation” is allowed, but no member sitting at the table is permitted to express to other members his reason for not being prepared to vote in favour of an award being granted or to try to influence other members in judgment. The plant is not submitted for an A.M. or an F.C.C, It is merely submitted for an award. The R.H.S. requires that a certain number of members be present to form a quorum and in the event of a pre- determined percentage of those present voting in favour of an award, the award granted will be dependent upon the number of votes re- ceived. I do not remember the precise percent- ages, but shall we say that to receive an A.M. not less than 75 per cent. of those present must vote in favour and to receive an F.C.C. not less than 85 per cent. must vote in fawour. Thus a plant receiving an A.M. would receive be- tween 75 and 84. per cent. of the votes cast, whilst should 85 per cent. or more votes be in favour of an award, the plant automatically re- ceives an F,C.C. This explains the expression that we frequently see in catalogues and else- where —F.C.C., unanimous, which obviously means that every member present at the meet- ing voted in favour of an award being granted to that particular plant.
The R.H.S. Committee has available to it the paintings of all plants granted an award and the painting of any plant of the same cross as that submitted which had previously re- ceived an award is brought out for comparison with the flower being judged. The plant sub- mitted and being considered at that time must be considered better than the one of the same
cross which previously received an award before an award will be granted.
There are no points allotted and judgment is entirely according to the more or less spon- taneous response of the experts present. This, I think, is a far better method than that which prevails in Australia.
In the interest of Orchid culture throughout the world, it is most desirable that uniform methods of granting awards be adopted by the various Orchid Societies empowered to do so, for the award then becomes a standard of quality which would be universal throughout the world.
If in Australia we establish rules for the granting of an award which makes the receipt of awards far less frequent than elsewhere, as time proceeds it is not at all improbable that the impression would be developed abroad that Australian Orchids are not up to the standard of other countries because fewer awards are granted. Again, growers in other countries wishing to purchase plants in Australia without personal inspection, would not be encouraged to pay a high price, by reason of the fact that the plant offered does not carry an award. This could be totally unjust to our Australian Orchids and could be a means whereby the sale or exchange of an Australian plant in other countries would be at a price which was con- siderably lower than the value of the plant, by reason of the fact that it does not carry an award.
Should the impression prevail that too many awards are being granted, then negotiations should take place with the various Orchid Societies to tighten up their method of grant- ing awards, for if we in Australia greatly re- strict our awards while in other countries they are freely granted, we must be at a disadvantage compared with those other countries.
Finally, the character and parentage of a plant must be taken into consideration and a plant must not necessarily suffer if it reproduces certain characteristics which, being hereditary, are contrary to the standard set out in our points system. A points sytem such as that which prevails in this country could mean that, assuming all growers aspire to own award plants, a very great similarity of type must occur and thus, ultimately, our collections would not be nearly as comprehensive as would be the case elsewhere, where the method of judging differs.
PAGE 10
To enlarge upon this point, let me use the horse as a simile. The horse is a genus of which there are many types. If, in judging horses at shows, standards are set up for the entire genus, just how would a Shetland pony be judged in com- parison with an Arab or a Draught horse. I think it must be accepted that the hereditary characteristics of the hybrid must be taken into account. The points system might well be adopted and retained for use at Orchid shows, but, in my opinion, should be discarded for use in the granting of awards. At a show, the judges in selecting the best Orchid are frequently pre- sented with a large number of plants which, to all intents and purposes, are equal to each other. If it is necessary to single one of those plants out to be declared the best of its genus in the show, probably it could only be separated from its competitors by the use of a points sys- tem; but such a system, while it lends itself splendidly to show judging, should not be adopted in granting awards.
@ A New Orchid Journal—The Orchid Journal, which came into circulation during January, 1952, is briefly described as an inter- national review of Orchidology. The Journal, which will be published monthly, made both an auspicious and an ambitious entry into the world of Orchids. Judging from the initial number, the Journal intends to cover an ex- tremely wide field, so that whatever phase the reader may be interested in he will find infor- mation thereon within its covers. The illustra- tions, in the main, are botanical and mostly good, while the text covers a large variety of subjects. The format is 10jin. x 7in; 48 pages, with art paper throughout.
“The Orchids of Kenya,” by Dr. F. Piers, is an outstanding botanical contribution, pro- fusely illustrated; Rebecca T. Northern dis- courses rather happily on “The Reproductive Parts of Orchids;’? “Orchids—What They Are and How to Use Them” is a breezy introduc- tion by the editor, Alex D. Hawkes; and lo! (take note Australian botanists) Mr. Trevor E. Hunt, our Queensland associate, describes and illustrates a new species of Greenhood for Queensland, namely, Pterostylis Russellit.
Our librarian (O.S. of N.S.W.), Mr. Need- ham, has placed on order two copies of the Orchid Journal, which will be available in due course. Those preferring their own copies can procure them from A. D. Hawkes, Editor, The Orchid Journal, 2634 College Avenue, Berkeley 4, California, U.S.A., by International Money Order for five dollars, fifty cents ($5.50).
AUSTRALIAN ORCHID REVIEW, MARCH, 1952
@ A. E. Marsh, 41 St. James’s Place, Piccadilly, 5.W.1., London, England (9/11/51), writes:—
“J have just seen your September, 1951 issue of the Australian Orchid Review and do want to congratulate you on a first-class journal. In- cluded in the issue is a picture which I sent you of the State Visit of the King and Queen of Denmark to the Guildhall. I am pleased that you were able to use this.
I am wondering whether an article accom- panied by two photographs on “Growing Orchids for Export” would interest your readers and if you care to let me know, I am sure that Mr. Peter Black will be more than happy to prepare an article for you—without fee.
Recently the Bristol Orchid Society, com- prising a party of over 50, spent three hours at Messrs. Black & Flory’s Nursery, and it is in- teresting to see how the number of Orchid growers has steadily increased in this country.
A moyement is afoot at the moment, by the Royal Horticultural Society, to form further Orchid clubs throughout the country and I can see, within the next ten years, a great extension of the industry. a
All these things, I know, will interest you, and intend, if you would like me to, to keep you advised of what is happening in this country.”
@ Mr. Emil F. Vacin, San Marino 9, Califor- nia, writes: —
“In your September, 1951, issue Vol. 16, No. 3, of the Australian Orchid Review, you men- tion that my series of reports in the Cymbidium News on “The Development of a Cymbidium Compost” have been concluded. This is in error, since the series will continue for several years before all the planned experimental work is completed. The experiments on the value of Osmunda and charcoal as ingredients of Cym- bidium composts have been completed and the report has gone to press.
Two additional reports are now in prepara- tion, one on the value of C2 and A3 composts discussed in the reports, and the other on the detrimental effects of earthworms, centipedes and millipedes on Cymbidium composts. The experiments on the control of the flowering of Cymbidium plants (flowering them for the crucial market periods) have shown very in- teresting results. However, another year of experimental work will be required before the results can be published.
The above are some of the reasons why this work will continue for several years.” 4/11/51.
xin
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AUSTRALIAN ORCHID REVIEW, MARCH, 1952
PAGE 11
The Judging Standards for Awards R. VICK, Balwyn, Vic.
Ee eee pleasing and a sign of progress to ee the interest being shown by growers in this aes The article on the Cymbidium Standard, y Mr. A. R. Persson, and that by Mr. T. H. James on The Points System of Judging were read with great interest and led to much healthy discussion,
Now Mr. R. Bruce Hogg, who has recently returned from a visit to England, has kindly written another article which appears in this ie and I am sure he will not mind some fur- : er comments from me. But, before coming © any decision, I would certainly recommend feces to study carefully all the articles that ave appeared in the A.O.R. during the past year or two. ree Hogg briefly and interestingly describes
© system of submitting plants for awards in England. Assuming that Mr. Hogg’s explana- ton of the plan is correct, I wish to point out certain features—to me weaknesses—but I do fae trust that these comments will not be cooked upon as destructive criticism or un- worthy comments. J assure readers nothing could be further from my mind. In any case, Circumstances alter cases; and here in Australia
how many Orchid fanciers have been growing .
and judging Orchid flowers as long as have many of England’s experienced growers? How- ever, a great deal of intense study and discussion has led to the drafting of the Judging Standards now in use in New South Wales and Victoria. Mr. Hogg says, “Mild comment . . . is allowed, but no member . . . is permitted to express . ., his reason for not being prepared to vote in favour of an award being granted or to try to influence other members in judg- Ment.” No discussion can produce conservatism and unsatisfactory decisions. What judge of pas or animals has not missed certain eatures, good or bad, until these have been Pointed out by some other person? Discussion should not mean an attempt to force another Judge to change his decision, but it should. help all the judges to evaluate more correctly all the good and weak features of the flower and to 8lve a more balanced judgment individually as well as a more correct one. When are judges to discuss with one another the flowers submitted? Ow are growers to know what the weaknesses of their flowers are? . et quote again, “The plant . . . is merely ubmitted for an award.” The award granted
is dependent upon the number of votes received. If such is the case, it reveals a fundamental dif- ference in conception of granting F.C.C. and A.M. awards in Australia and in England. In Egland the F.C.C. is granted if 85 per cent. (presuming this is the figure) of votes favour granting an award; in Australia the flower has to reach that percentage of perfection as set out in the judging standards. To put it another way —all the judges on the panel in Australia might favour an award, but that award might. be an A.M. only (most frequently is, if the flower does gain an award) because they think the flower does not reach 85 per cent. of perfection. Again, some judges may, give higher value, some lower, but the average of their decisions decides the issue—and, incidentally, this is one big ad- vantage of the points system.
One big weakness in the English system (as- suming as always that Mr. Hogg’s explanation is correct) is revealed by the statement that “The plant submitted and being considered at the time must be considered better than the one of the same cross which previously received an award, before an award. will be granted.”
Let us take an example. Suppose Cymbidium x Swallow var. X received the award “B.C.C, unanimous.” Then it becomes almost useless for growers to put up other varieties. of C. x Swallow for awards, unless they feel sure of also gaining 100 per cent. of judges’ votes. Any one of these flowers, to succeed, would have to be better than the variety X. The situa- tion becomes very unsatisfactory if variety X happens to be the first of that particular cross to gain an award. However, if variety A was submitted first and if it was just successful in gaining the A.M., other varieties of that cross might gain awards if each was successively bet- ter than the previous one—better in the sense that more judges voted for them as each was judged. In Australia we can have any number of varieties of Cymbidium x Swallow gaining awards provided they each gain 80 per cent. or more of the: possible number of points. So I am sorry that I cannot agree that the English sys- tem is the better—good as it undoubtedly is.
J thoroughly agree with Mr. Hogg that wni- form methods (and I would add standards) of judging are very desirable. To my mind stan- dards are more important than methods. It is pleasing to know that the New South Wales Orchid Society and the Victorian Orchid Club
PAGE 12
are in consultation on these matters and progress is good. By the time these articles appear in print we can only hope that the two States will be working on a uniform basis.
Mr. Hogg’s fears that Australian plants may have a less value in other countries because of less awards being granted will, I trust, not be realized. Firstly, flowers. should reach the high standards set, and standards should not be lowered so that more flowers gain awards. High quality is the best advertisement where sales to other countries are concerned and, once this becomes known, values are enhanced. Secondly, air transit enables flowers, photos, paintings, etc., to be expeditiously exchanged these days, so parties concerned are able to judge for them- selves the quality of plants on offer.
Mr. Hogg’s final paragraph calls for some comment. Firstly, let it be noted that our award standards are based on the “exhibition” type of flower—not the ‘‘decorative” type. Rose lovers years ago found it necessary to have an exhibition type and a decorative type, and it is the aim of rose hybridists to raise “the perfect rose’’—an exhibition type of perfect form and colour. The modern rose in its development to this ideal, is a great improvement, by rose stan- dards, on any of the species of Roses used in its development. Yet, will rose judges give an award—best rose in the show—to that delight- ful and so often perfectly formed miniature Cecil Brunner over a full-sized, ye slighlty less perfect Crimson Glory or Ophelia?
Mr. Hogg’s choice of the horse as a simile is not a good one, for one standard for the entire genus is not in use. There is one for the Shet- land, one for the Arab, another for the Clydes- dale and so on. But if the above three types were interbred, is it not immediately evident that a new standard for the new hybrid horse has to be set up? Mr. Hogg states, “I think it must be accepted that the hereditary charac- teristics of the hybrid must be taken into account.” How would you judge one of these hybrid animals if it had the head of a Shetland, the legs of an Arab and the body of a Clydes- dale? No, a new standard for the new type of horse has to be set up and breeders have to “breed up” to that standard. If you breed Shet- lands only, you keep to the standard set up for that type and likewise for other pure breeds. Now, carry this to the present-day Orchid. Take an example of the Cutfleya type of modern hybrid, say, Lc. x Elissa A year or two ago I worked out its parentage and, if memory serves me right, found it had eight distinct blood lines—seven Cattleya species (Warsce-
AUSTRALIAN ORCHID REVIEW, MARCH, 1952
wiczii, Lueddemanniana, Dowiana, Labiata, Warneri, Schilleriana and Trianae) and one Laelia. How can judges allow “hereditary
characteristics” of any one of the blood-lines to be taken into account?
Again, in Cypripedium x Grace Darling flows the blood of five species—Spicerianum, Druryi, villosum, insigne and Boxallii. If put up for award, are the judges to allow for the hereditary characteristics of any one or all of these, if they appear?
One could understand this being ‘“‘allowed for” for the first two or three generations; but what should we expect after a number of generations? Some of the present-day Cypripe- diums are up to a dozen or more generations re- moved from the species. Take as an example, Cyp. x Aylesbury var. Picture, F.C.C. in 1940. It is the product of nine generations of breed- ing and carries in its veins 21 blood-lines of insigne, 19 of Spicerianum and 19 of Boxallii. The recorded description of this flower was as follows:—A big, broad white dorsal, very heavily spotted, glistening blackish-purple. Up- per half of petals brown, lower green and brown, the green portion spotted purple-brown. Green rim round mouth of purple-brown pouch. In such a hybrid would it be fair or reasonable to expect judges to allow for “hereditary characteristics”?
Picture our judges allowing for the heredi- tary characteristics of the species that go to make up our up-to-the-minute Cymbidiums! Is it not that there has been set up in the minds of judges and Orchid-lovers an ideal Cym- bidium and that breeders are aiming to raise the quality of their new hybrids to that ideal? And the lowering of standards to allow more flowers to gain awards may well hinder the great pro- gress made,
®@ Newcastle Orchid Society.—At the An- nual Meeting of the Newcastle Orchid Society held on the 27th November, 1951, the name of the Society was changed from the Newcastle Orchid Circle to the Newcastle Orchid Society.
The retiring secretary reported the continued growth of the Society during the year, mem- bership nearly doubling itself. The Treasurer’s report showed that the finances of the Society are in a very healthy state.
The following officers were elected for the ensuing year:—President, N. Lawrence; Treasu- rer, A. Hagan; Secretary, -G. B. Deane, 12 Waratah St., Mayfield, N.S.W.
AUSTRALIAN ORCHID REVIEW, MARCH, 1952
PAGE 13
Standards for the Odontoglossum Group
® Messrs. Charlesworth & Co. Ltd., Orchid Nurseries, Haywards Heath, Sussex, England, being well known as experts on and raisers of Odontioda, Odontoglossum, Odontonia and especially Vuylstekeara hybrids, the Honorary Editor sought their assistance with regard to the framing of judging standards for the group suitable to Australian societies. Their observa- tions and suggestions follow:—
“As your main purpose is to give your mem- bers an idea of our conception of what is best in shape, size, colour, etc., in these genera, it would be as well not to try to cover too many of the multi-generics at one time, since the standards applied to each have necessarily to vary somewhat. For example, what would per- haps be a fine colour for the Odontoglossum might be only a fair colour for the Odontioda, which average a far more colourful range. Like- wise, the fine rotund shape we look for in Odon- toglossum is very seldom to be expected in Odontiodas or Vulystekearas — although the Standard of fine shaped lips in the latter two genera, from the Miltonia influence, is far higher than what one expects in Odontoglossums, and still more so than in Odontioda lips, therefore, please bear in mind that when we stress “colour” against type, it refers to the standard of that
particular genus. The standards of shape are much the same for Odontoglossums and Odon- tiodas (although Odontoglossums usually have a better shaped lip and the Odont. standard for the lip is therefore higher, as regards shape). In size, Odontiodas are somewhat smaller on the average than Odontoglossums, so that again what is good size in an Odontioda may be only fair size in an Odontoglossum.
Referring for a moment to these various at- tributes, as listed in your letter, may we point out that the last listed—namely, number of flowers for the ideal spray. We do not think one can say what is the ideal number for a~ spray without reference to its purpose—i.e., ex- hibition (in which ideal number varies, anyway, according to the position you wish to stage it), or ladies’? wear (in which it varies with the size of the lady), or for vase use, etc.
To some extent we also feel that your second ‘attribute’ on your list, namely, ‘the most de- sirable colour or blending of colours’ is rather difficult to illustrate simply, because desirability of colour varies so much with individual taste. So far as judging for awards is concerned, new colours not seen before in any particular genus or generic group can score heavily with the Royal Horticultural Society Orchid Commit-
me mR Attributes : Remarks
CT. No. Name Colour (i) ODONTIODA 87 Cetoinette, A.M. R.H.S. (1950) Very good 13. Gerargia, fine var. A.M. R.H.S. (1950) Good 232 Margia, var. Lamia Exceptional 179 Pittoria, var. Rosina, A.M. R.H.S. Good (1951) (ii) ODONTOGLOSSUM 68 Adonia, var. Whatcroft Hall, A.M. R.HLS. (1950) 225. Aldonia, A.M. R.H.S. (1951) 253 Alvarloo, var. Cyclops 167 Bucephalus, var. Colossus, A.M. R.HLS. Good (1951) 181 Crispania Good 218 Crispania, var. Colossus 123° crispum, var, Yuletide 291 Manperor Very good i Opheon, var. Majestic Good 1 Robert Strauss, var. Delight Very good 242 Good
Toreador
Size Shape Good ame Very good Good Good ; Very good Good Exceptional Very good Exceptional The largest Odm bred to date. Good Exceptional : Good Shape good for yellows. Very good Very good | Very large for yellows.
Exceptional | An example of the mag- nificent shape of our crispums which have been the progenitors of
many fine hybrids.
Very good | Exceptional texture, al- most as in Cypripedium.
Exceptional | Texture.
Very good | Texture.
Exceptional | Texture.
PAGE 14
tee. Of course, judging over here is carried out on a very different basis than in Australia. Our Committee does not have any ‘points’ system, such as we understand to be in use in Australia and in the United States of America. You have printed different points of view about the re- spective merits of these systems in fairly recent issues of the Australian Orchid Review. We will not attempt to express our own feelings in this mattter, but merely mention it so that you will realize that in the accompanying illustrations we sometimes may have included one for an at- tribute which under your sytem may not have scored heavily, but which has found favour over here. Several of those sent are awarded varieties, as you will see.
In closing, may we advise that a number of the plants illustrated are already sold and our inclusion herewith should not be taken by your members to mean that they are necessarily avail- able for sale. In any case, that was not the pur- pose of your request. However, some are avail- able and if you have any enquiries for any of them, or your members wish to contact us direct, we will be pleased to quote if, as and when available. They should always mention the CT. No. (and the name as well if possible as a check).”
AWARDS OS. of N.S.W.
Reg. No. 205.—Coelogyne pandurata, C.C., Mr. W. W. Kavanagh, 26/11/1951.
Reg. No. 206.—Miltonia x Woodlands var. Bellevue, H.C.C., Mr. A. R. Begg, 26/11/1951.
Reg. No. 207.—Miltonia x Lycaena var. Stamperland, H.C.C., Mr. L. Giles, 4/12/1951. AWARDS VICTORIAN ORCHID CLUB
Cymbidium x Dorchester var. Janette, H.C.C., Mr. W. Wright, Snr., 13/9/1951.
Cypripedium x Mildred Hunter, H.C.C., Mr. W. Wright, Jnr., 13/9/1951.
Cattleya x Bow Bells, H.C.C., Mr. R. B. Lee- Gow, 5/11/1951.
Laeliocattleya Parma var. rubra x Cattleya Tityus, H.C.C., The Hodgins Orchid Nursery, 20/3/1951.
Cypripedium x Resominster, A.M., Mr. A. E. Kirkbright, 18/6/1951.
Laeliocatileya x Martinetii, A.M., Mr. W. Wright, Snr., 18/6/1951.
@ Cymbidium flowers for the U.S.A.—A great improvement in the quality of Cymbi- dium flowers for exportation is demanded by the U.S.A. market. Pinch out all superfluous buds that are inverted or out of place on the raceme, as these are likely to interfere with
AUSTRALIAN ORCHID REVIEW, MARCH, 1952
successful packing. Disbudding, carried out in- telligently ,will improve the carrying quality of the raceme.
@ Prepare for Potting, etc.—May is an ex- . cellent month in which to accumulate a stock of compost and other potting materials, in- cluding pots. With a large quantity of materials at hand, potting does not become as irksome for the Orchid lover as it does when he is “scratch- ing around” for supplies as each plant calls for attention.
@ American Orchid Society Bulletin, Vol. 20, No. 11, November, 1951, is replete with articles and illustrations on species and hybrids of Phalaenopsis which are sure to engage the attention of specialists of this lovely. genus. “The Field of New England Orchids,” by C. Schweinfurth, includes field observations and photographic illustrations — something for the botanist.
@ Orchids of Hawaii (Na Pua Okika O Hawaii Nei), Vol. 1, No. 2, October, 1951, contains a number of interesting items, among which may be mentioned “Plant Pathology with Special Reference to Orchid Diseases and. their Control,” by H. H. Murakishi. “Dendrobiums— Hawaiian Hybrids” is another, the list of hyb- rids revealing that a number of North Queens- land Dendrobiums have been used. An interesting hybrid listed is x Colin Potter derived from D. Phalaenopsis x D. Tofftii. The subscription for one year (4 issues) is 2 (two) dollars, Ameri- can, payable by money order to The Honolulu Orchid Society Inc., 1710 Fort Street, Honolulu 13, Hawaii, U.S.A.
@ The Front Cover.—Coelogyne occultata, Hook. fil (see illustration). The pseudo-bulbs are subfusiform, obliquely attached to a rhizome. Leaves are borne in pairs over each pseudo-bulb, narrowly lanceolate, 7-10 inches long. Racemes are erect, longer than the leaves, 5 or more flowered, rising from the base of the pseudo-bulb, enveloped almost to the top in wide spathaceous bracts. Flower 2 inches in diameter, milk white with the exception of some streaks and a large blotch of yelllow eye-like spot on the lip. It flowers abundantly during July (India) and is very odorous, while the flower of its near ally Coelogyne corymbosa is inodorus, It is found at 6,000 to 7,000 feet elevation in the Himalayas.—G. Ghose, Dajeel- ing, India.
AUSTRALIAN ORCHID REVIEW, MARCH, 1952
PAGE 15
The Australian Orchid Review
@ As a branch of botanical science and as a section of horticultural art, Orchidology, in its several phases, is rapidly expanding throughout Australia, and, indeed, in every part of the world in general. In consequence of this rapid expansion, there is a demand for instruction and entertainment by those who are studying Orchids, either as a science or as an art. Thus, in particular, monthly and quarterly periodicals issuing from many countries are helping to meet the aspirations of Orchid lovers.
Most of these journals have started in a modest way, increasing in usefulness as the Societies which they represent grow in member- ship. The combined membership of the associa- ted Societies which the Australian Orchid Re- view serves in Australia approximates seventeen hundred and fifty. To meet the desires of this continually increasing membership there is a persistent demand by those interested in the ad- vancement of Orchidology in Australia to pre- sent a bigger, better and more up-to-date Review. This can only be accomplished by using more paper and pictures, both very expensive items in the production of a periodical.
The Committee of the Orchid Society of New South Wales has given the question of improv- ing the Review much serious thought, the out- come of which is that an arrangement has been arrived at with the Proprietors, Messrs. Shep- herd & Newman Pty. Ltd. to increase the size of the A.O.R. by eight pages, provide four pages of illustrations and re-design the cover to keep in step with modern printing practices. For these extra services and improvements the Pro- prietors are compelled to make an adjustment in the subscription rate, which will now be 12/6 per annum for Australian and New Zealand subscribers; the overseas rate being 12/6 sterl- ing, post free, for four quarterly parts, the first appearing during March of each year. The charge for a. single copy is 3/6.
During 1951 the Orchid Society of New South Wales subsidized three enlarged parts at a considerable cost and obviously could not con- tinue to do so. This was in the nature of a bonus to subscribers, whom we trust will generously support the new set-up, both by subscriptions, reading matter and illustrations to keep the A.O.R. in the front rank of progressive Orchid periodicals.
i ees
@ At the Seventeenth Annual General Meet- ing of the Orchid Society of New South Wales, held on Monday, October 29, 1951, at the Y.W.C.A. Hall, the following officers were elected for the ensuing year:—President, John Bisset; Vice-Presidents, A. R. Begg, A. B. Por- ter; Honorary Secretary, J. C. Davis; Honorary Treasurer, L. A. Peaty; Honorary Registrar of Awards, N. L. Webster; Honorary Librarian, F. C. Needham; Honorary Editor, A.O.R., P. A. Gilbert; Committee, A. Birdsall, H. R. Crutch, L. Giles, A. R. Persson, F. Slattery, A. G. Smith, W. Wotherspoon, Dr. H. R. Poate.
® Cypripediums.—More time can now be devoted to cleaning dust and. scale from plants. Cypripediums, especially, can do with a thorough overhauling at this time of the year in the way of wiping leaves with clean water, removing old leaves and top-dressing those plants that are not due for repotting. Attend to Cypripediums as they go out of flower. Those that have not flowered will require just enough watering to keep the foliage fresh and crisp, but those in flower may demand a little more to pro- long the lasting quality of their flowers.
@ Cymbidium Society News, Vol. V1, No. 8, November, 1951. “IV. The Development of a Cymbidium Compost,” by E. F. Vacin, is con- tinued, the paper dealing chiefly with the use of charcoal and Osmunda fibre in a Cymbidium compost. This series of outstanding papers
should be read by all Cymbidium specialists.
@ The Cymbidium during May.—Cymbi- dium racemes are now showing up prominently on the early flowering kinds, necessitating some attention to keeping snails and slugs from the young racemes, Precautions should be taken to prevent buds from becoming disfigured by rub- bing against the leaves. This often occurs in the bush-house where the wind is troublesome. Any bruises or scratches on young buds are more strongly marked when they expand, detracting from their show value, if it is intended to ex- hibit them. For show purposes the raceme should be cared for in the earliest stages of growth right to the time of flowering so that the flowers can be shown in a perfect state,
~
PAGE 16
AUSTRALIAN ORCHID REVIEW, MARCH, 1952
The District Exhibits (O.S. of N.S.W.) Jubilee Orchid Festival, 1951
DOUGLAS AGNEW, Killara, N.S.W.
@ The following impressions and criticisms are my own personal views and do not include those of my fellow judges, and here I would like to state that our decisions were unanimous in every respect.
I believe the judging cards handed to us by the Hon. Registrar of Awards were to be used for the purpose of determining our opinions. However, our procedure did not work out that way. We carefully considered the exhibits, made up our minds, recorded the placings and, as we were obliging individuals, we filled in the cards so as to tally with our placings.
I was delighted with The Western Suburbs Orchid Society exhibit, which we placed First, and I am sure it pleased everyone who saw it. The interest which it drew with its foreground was very pleasing, some parts were inspired, and all of the detail generally was very effective.
This exhibit was very definitely the best pre- sentation and, naturally, it gives considerable scope for discussion and advice. The exhibitors drew their inspiration from a natural pool in a woodland dell, and such a scene is quite idyl- lic, and it was very well carried out. There was a minor fault in the path to the pool, which commenced and also terminated with the scene. Paths in Nature are formed by man or beast and obviously this path should have entered the scene by one side and disappeared out of the scene through the opposite undergrowth. It would have been interesting to have utilized the two central gum trees, placing them well off
balance, one on each side of the disappear-.
ing path. Man geometrically centres motifs and balances specimens, whereas Nature is the result of unequal and unbalanced forces, con- sequently designers require to be very conscious of these conditions to hope to portray a scene from Nature.
The screening of the balcony posts was ex- cellent, but the background screening was ragged and lacked appeal. The labelling of plants was a definite advance, but an improve- ment would have been the use of real ‘gum? (Eucalyptus) leaves instead of the too brightly coloured imitation leaves which were used.
The use of low frontal interesting foreground well illuminated was carefully thought out, and the delightful pool formations were very natural, they really lived the part, and the plac-
ing of the butterflies and moths was very pleasing. I noticed. particularly the bold use of a damaged butterfly which was ably supported by the adjacent equally damaged spray of dying flowers. The artists’ appreciation of their materials could not have been of a higher order, which they applied right up to the stallboards, so creating interest to the spectators right under their noses.
I cannot speak too highly of the effect ob- tained, the faults mentioned were slight, not glaring, as each section blended very smoothly and, to me, it set a standard upon which I com- pared the less inspiring exhibits (see illustrations 1 and 2).
The Eastwood and District Orchid Circle exhibit was placed 2nd and, frankly, I was dis- appointed that these exhibitors did not adhere to the theme of their past successes. They had the experience and it is conceivable they might have outmatched this year’s winner. My fellow judges and myself placed this exhibit 3rd, but the excellence of their flowers gave them suf- ficient points to gain a lead into second place.
Here, I should explain, that the judging of the District Exhibits was in two divisions, the Orchid Genera were judged by a panel of Judges of the Orchid Society of N.S.W., and the whole of the presentations were judged for display and arrangement by Miss Ellis Nosworthy, Mrs. Leo Lister and myself, and a mean average was calculated from the combined figures.
I felt the theme was sophisticated and the cottage was so unreal that even its chimney tottered. Perhaps old world cottages bedecked with Hollyocks and Lavender walks are in my blood to the extent that I cannot conceive the substitution of Orchids and Crotons in good taste. However, the arrangement of the flowers was commanding and very interesting and their quality attracted much attention. One of my fellow judges considered the “Slippers” border- ing the pathway a fairy tale fantasy, but these lovely blooms flanked by an over-bright Terra Nerte immitation grass did not impress me that way. I also felt this exhibit suffered badly from the absence of a side screen which would have obliterated the hard plaster wall of the Town Hall. The use of two different widths of tree trunks as camouflage to the balcony pillars was not the best, it added to the unreal effect, also
A USTRALIAN ORCHID REVIEW, MARCH, 1952 PAGE 17
(3) The Eastwood and District Orchid Circle
PAGE 18
AUSTRALIAN ORCHID REVIEW, MARCH, 1952
(6) The Hornsby Ku-ring-gai Orchid Society
AUSTRALIAN ORCHID REVIEW, MARCH, 1952 PAGE 19
BRASSOLAELIOCATTLEYA X NORMANS BAY var. WONDABAH H.C.C., O.S. of N.S.W., 1951. Owner: L. Giles. Reg No 188
_—
mm aoe pail
(4) The Eastwood and District Orchid Circle
(2) The Western Suburbs Orchid Society
AUSTRALIAN ORCHID REVIEW, MARCH, 1952
PAGE 20
(7) The Mosman Home Gardeners’ Association
(8) The Earlwood District Orchid Society
AUSTRALIAN ORCHID REVIEW, MARCH, 1952
the labels in parts appeared to dominate the flowers and the large name of the exhibitors smacked of a railway station sign.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, there was a considerable amount of work put in by the
. exhibitors in building the front of the cottage, form and frame, an illuminated specimen in the show window, building a picket fence, con- structing a gravel path and a porch, building a pool and installing its pumping mechanism, run- ning a fountain amidst some of the highest quality Orchids in the whole show and all of this was erected in a very short time. This ambitious and highly imaginative display will probably provide much food for thought (see illustrations 3 and 4).
_ The Sydney Orchid Club exhibit won Third place and it could have won the second place. I thought the fluorescent lighting was too hard, as it made the blooms appear flat and shadow- less. The screens to the sides and rear of the display should have been about two feet higher to more effectively cut out the architrave and freize of the Town Hall doorway, and the higher screen would have enabled the doorway used as a feature, to have been correctly pro- portioned. The theme was logical, well balanced, simple and pleasing, but for the use of imita- tion and somewhat crude materials. This was a great pity when we have at our disposal a wealth of natural materials, light to handle and easily obtainable in our forests surrounding Sydney. I feel sure that the cost of the materials used in this exhibit would have been double the cost of natural bush materials (see illustra- tion 5). ;
The Hornsby Kuring-gai Orchid Society ex- hibit was placed Fourth. I considered it as a straight arrangement only and, accordingly, it went down in my appreciation in comparison with the scenic presentations. It was formal in every way and very similar to the general arrangement of the competitive benches. I think that this exhibit would have been better if only half of the plants had been used. Many of those used were to be seen and described on the com- petitive benches and therefore it was a waste of space to double them up. ‘The name of the Society was massive and over-bearing, the name card of the First Prize Exhibit was only ap- proximately 6 inches x 4 inches (sce illustration 6).
The Mosman Home Gardeners’ Association exhibit, placed Fifth, was heavily handicapped by a violent purple foreground, my fellow judges objected to it strongly and I must say it mixed the effect, causing a discord, whereas
PAGE 21
a foreground must blend in harmoniously. The rear and side screen of young Lonardy poplars was an advance, but the effect would have been greatly improved if more plants had been used in making the screen denser. No attempt was made to camouflage the balcony pillars which, together with other obtruding Town Tall archi- tecture, must be considered as hazards and should be handled accordingly. There was con- siderable grace displayed in the placing of the flowers, the exhibitors achieving a pleasant effect peculiar to this style and, considering the scant amount of material used as embellishment, the effort was very good (see illustration 7).
The Earlwood District Orchid Society exhibit placed Sixth, was a simple staging of four or five horizontal rows of Cymbidiums, a trellis fence enclosure and a central rear feature of an ornamental gate. This was the best site in the Town Hall and little use was made of it. To me, it just dripped with possibilities (see illustration 8).
This competition, which was so ably initiated by Mr. Alan Birdsall,’ has come to stay as the main attraction to our Annual Orchid Festival, and the keenness created has brought forth re- sults for which all concerned are to be con- gratulated in their efforts to win the Birdsall Shield.
@ A Cymbidium Hint for May.—This month calls for moderate watering only, which is best carried out in the morning. Plants that have racemes advanced in development may de- mand closer attention with regard to watering, but those just giving indications that they are going to flower can be attended to at longer intervals, as these do not use up the same quan- tity of water, damp compost being more stimu- lating than wet compost during the cold months of the year.
® IT’S WAR! The firm.of Black & Flory Ltd., Orchid growers, announce that in view of “the uncertain feelings which have devloped between Russia and the Western Powers,” they have de- cided to rename their (Cattleya) ‘Marshal Stalin” Orchid “General George S. Patton.”— London Daily Mirror, 9/9/1951.
@ Sarcochilus.—In the Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, Vol. LXXVI, Parts 3-4, 1951, the Rev. H. M. R. Rupp reviews the Australian species of the genus Sarcochilus. Sixteen valid species of the genus are recognized, including one, S. ¢ricalliatus, newly admitted to specific rank.
PAGE 22
AUSTRALIAN ORCHID REVIEW, MARCH, 1952
Robert David Fitzgerald Rev. H. M. R. RUPP, Willoughby, N.S.W.
@ Every student and collector of Australian Orchids is aware of the existence of Fitzgerald’s monumental work* on the subject of these plants, although the number of those who are fortunate enough to possess a copy is compara- tively small. But still smaller is the number of those who know anything about the man him- self. This brief memoir, therefore, may prove acceptable to readers of the “Review.”
Robert David Fitzgerald was, as his name in- dicates, of Irish descent. His father was a pro- minent banker of Tralee, where the future Orchidologist was born in 1830. Even as a child he was a lover of what we rather inaptly call “natural history.” Ornithology was his first hobby, and he became quite an authority on the birds of his native land. In 1846 the family emi- grated to Australia and settled in Balmain, then highly favoured as a residential suburb of Syd- ney. Soon after their arrival, Robert obtained a post in the Government Lands Department. He remained there for 31 years, and in 1873 was appointed Deputy Surveyor-General. He was held in the highest esteem, both by his de- partmental chiefs and by all who worked under him. His official duties involved a great deal of travelling throughout the State, and this gave him many opportunities of continuing his study of natural history. He was a many-sided man, an expert in his particular calling, an accomp- lished artist and a naturalist of great distinction. To his determined efforts we owe the reservation of some of the grandest scenic resorts of the State, especially on the Blue Mountains and the far North Coast. In 1876 he was sent to Lord Howe Island to report on the living conditions of its inhabitants and this visit resulted in im- portant botanical discoveries. Among his intim- ate friends was the greatest of all Australian botanists since Robert Brown—Baron von Muel- ler, who named one of Fitzgerald’s most notable Lord Howe discoveries after him; Dracophyllum Fitzgeraldii. It was the Baron, too, who named the chaming Ravine Orchid, discovered by his friend in the Bellinger River gorges, Sarcochilus Fitzgeraldii.
Fitzgerald was a great admirer of Darwin and corresponded with him. Perhaps I need hardly add that the great work, ‘Australian Orchids,” is dedicated to Darwin’s memory. Fitzgerald’s interest in Australian Orchids began, one might say, accidentally. The story is too long to tell here, but may be found in Mrs. P. R. Messmer’s
excellent biography of Fitzgerald in The Vic- torian Naturalist, Vol. XLVIII (1932), p. 235. Before long he had determined to figure, in their natural colours and with complete floral details, every known Orchid of his adopted land. Whether the Governments of to-day would en- courage their senior civil servants in an ambition of this kind, I leave it to my readers to say. But the New South Wales Government of those days, to its honour, did encourage Fitzgerald, and actually published his ‘Australian Orchids” in parts over a number of years.
Much of the material for this great work was collected by the author himself; but many speci- mens were sent to him by friends and corres- pondents.
In 1884 the passing the Crown Lands Act in- volved radical and far-reaching changes in the Lands Department. Amongst other things, the post of Deputy Surveyor-General was abolished; and in 1887 Fitzgerald retired from the service. But the publication of ‘‘Australian Orchids,” begun as far back as 1875, was now enthusiast- ically proceeded with, and the author’s time was very fully occupied. Only those who haye studied the drawings in this magnificent work can realise what it involved of labour and patience. Fitzgerald had a special microscove made, combined with a forceps, which held the object to be drawn so that one eye could con- centrate on it and one on the drawing.
He hated dried specimens. Perhaps this was to be expected in an artist; but it is a pity the bot- anist in him did not prevail over the artist; for, unfortunately, only a very few types of his species—rescued from destruction by his friend Harry Deane—are preserved.
He was not destined to complete the great work, The first volume, of seven parts, was pub- lihed and nearly five parts. were ready for the second when Fitzgerald died on August 12, 1892. Baron von Mueller wrote to the Rev. Dr. Woolls: “It is . . . an irreparable loss, not only to our favourite science but to ourselves person- ally, who have learned to appreciate his sterling character in life . . . So long as the lovely Orchids of this part of the world embellish with singular and varied beauty the natural features of Australia, so long will the memory of our leading Orchidologist be held dear in the study of God’s works.”
Mrs. Messmer, in the brief biography referred to above, gives a delighful description of Fitz-
AUSTRALIAN ORCHID REVIEW, MARCH, 1952
gerald’s home at Hunters Hill, with its two acres of garden and its “unique and remarkable fernery which he built entirely, rock by rock, with his own hands.”
Honours came to him from many quarters. He was elected a Fellow of the Linnean Society (London); and among other awards in recog- nition of his achievements as Orchidologist and artist were:—
1871, Bronze Medal of the Agricultural Society of N.S.W.
1878, Gold Medal of the Exhibition Inter- nationale, Paris.
1879, Bronze Medal of the Sydney Inter- national Exhibition.
1880, Silver Medal. of the Melbourne In- ternational Exhibition,
1883, Amsterdam Medal D’Or.
1886, Bronze Medal of the Colonial and Indian Exhibition, London.
_ Fitzgerald left a number of unpublished draw- ings which were intended for inclusion in his magnum opus. The Government of the day agreed to the suggestion that Messrs. H. Deane and A. J. Stopps (the latter having been Fitz- gerald’s lithographer) should prepare these for Publication; and the plates in Vol. II, Part V, Were produced under this arrangement; but there publication ended. Fortunately, the authorities of the Mitchell Library in Sydney were able some years ago to secure most of the remaining unpublished plates, together with some unfinished drawings. The late Dr. R. S. Rogers was asked to catalogue these, and this he did, with annotations on every species rep- resented,
*This work is available for reference purposes only,
in the Library of the Orchid Society of New South Wales
® The Newcastle Orchid Society. — The Newcastle Orchid Society staged its Annual Orchid Exhibition in the City Hall on the 13th, 14th and 15th September, 1951. The Exhibi- tion was officially opened by the Lord Mayor of Newcastle, Alderman Purdue, at 3 p.m. on Thursday, the 13th September.
Considering the lateness of the flowering season in the Newcastle district, the quantity and quality of the blooms exhibited compared
favourably with previous years. The excellent
flood lighting showed the blooms on display up to perfection.
A feature of this year’s show was that the Major trophies were all won by novice exhibi- tors showing Orchids for the first time. Mr. W. Hollinshead’s Cymbidium x Swallow var. Mag-
PAGE 23
nolia was acclaimed by the judges as one of the best flowers they had seen of that variety. It gained Champion Orchid of the Show, Champion Cyym- bidium and the Society Champion for 1951. The Reserve Championship was won by Mrs. Bate- man with Cymbidium x Cassandra var. Exqui- site. Cymbidium x Ceres var F. J. Hanbury, owned by Mr. G. B. Deane, winning for him the best colour in the show and best colour ex- hibited by a novice,
The’ Cattleya and Cypripedium sections surpassed any of those shown in previous shows held in this district. From thirteen en- tries in the Cypripedium section the judges awarded Mr. G. Rundle’s flower of Cypripedium x Lady Mona first, and Mrs. Bateman’s flower of Cypripedium x Chardmore second. In the Cattleya Section, Mr. G. Rundle gained both first and second awards.
Two well grown and flowered plants of Den- drobium nobile exhibited by Mr. A. Sinclair
gained both first and second awards in the Den- —
drobium section. Mr. J. Genders, with a flower of Phalaenopsis Schilleriana, won the section for the best Orchid any other variety.
Keen competition was shown in the native Orchid section, Mr. A. Hagon’s plant of Den- drobium speciosum being awarded first prize, and Mr. E. Bagnell’s plant of Dendrobium Kingianum. second prize.
In the open section for the competitive dis- plays Mr. G. Rundle was awarded first and second prizes. The winning display was attrac- tively arranged about a large crow’s-nest fern and contained many genera of Orchids. The novice section’s display of Cymbidiums only was won by Mr. G. B. Deane, Mrs. Bateman gaining second award. Both these displays con- tained some very fine Cymbidiums.
Mr. Roy Deane, of “Greenacres,” Valley Heights, staged a very attractive trade display, the arrangement and blending of colours being highly commended by all who saw it. Some very fine Cymbidiums were featured, x Judge Mar- kell var. Jean having two pretty spikes, a very fine x Louis Sander of buff colour, a nice x Jungfrau with four spikes, an attractive x Joy- ance No. 9; red brown, and a small but highly coloured x Euterpe. 5
Mr. J. Beckley, a local fish fancier, staged a large display tank of tropical fish, this display being a great attraction to both young and old. The remaining trade display was an advertising
medium for Inta Flora, which was attractively |
arranged to explain the function of this organi-
zation. . Continued on page 25
PAGE 24
AUSTRALIAN ORCHID REVIEW, MARCH, 1952
Diseases and Pests of Orchids C. G. WILLIAMS, Brisbane, Qld.
@ Diseases and pests of Orchid plants can be very confusing to the beginner if he is not armed with the requisite knowledge for the application of corrective treatments. Although a multitude of proprietary spray, dust and bait compounds are available for combating horti- cultural diseases and pests, these remedies and preventatives need to be understood thoroughly before they are applied to Orchid plants. Diseases and pests fall under different categories and each category will require a distinct con- trol measure. For instance, a plant infected with a fungus disease will require an entirely dif- ferent spray or dust compound to that of the same plant affected by scale insects or red spider.
Under the term Disease, I will include para- sitic fungi, which are mostly characterised by black or brown patches in the leaves or stems of the plant. Disorders of these types gain entry into the plant by medium of spores which, in the presence of moisture on the leaf, stem or bulb, take root into the plant tissue. The method of combating these spores is by the ap- plication of a neutralized copper base spray or dust such as Bordeaux mixture and ‘‘Cuprox,” or lime-sulphur.
With fungus diseases the treatment is pre- vention and, in this respect, the spray or dust must be applied so as to form a protective film or cover over the whole surface of the plant. Under properly applied fungicidal treatment any fungus spores which fall on the plant will, when they germinate, perish, as they attempt to penetrate the neutralized copper film or lime- sulphur combination. To spray or dust the plant after the infection appears is too late, but pro- vided the disease is not very extensive, the in- fected portions may be cut out of the plant, and this should be followed by an immediate spray application to the remainder.
Bacterial Infection: Disease by the medium of bacteria may arise through root infection due frequently through sour and over-watered cemposts. Obviously, the remedy here is not by way of chemical sprays, etc. Correct and well- drained compost is frequently the answer to bacterial disorders.
Virus Disease: This disease is commonly found in Cymbidiums. If the leaves of your Cymbi- diums take on a pronounced. translucent yellow or, in some instances, a black streak effect, and this symptom persists progressively in the new
leaf growth, then you may consider your plant has a virus disease. I am not aware of any cure for virus infection and would recommend im- mediate total destruction by burning of the whole plant and a boiling water sterilization of the pot in which it grew. As a precaution against the spread of the virus to healthy plants I would recommend frequent spray applications of nicotine sulphate of Folidol (E605).
The Scale Insect Pest: Various forms of scale insects thrive on Orchid plants. Most growers will readily recognize this type of pest. If left uncontrolled the scale insects will multiply very rapidly and they will mar the appearance of the plant and weaken its constitution. The cure for scale is to spray as recommended on the package with:—(1) Oil sprays such as Volck, White Oil or Gamaxane; or (2) Folidol (E605); or (3) Pestoxol.
A note of warning should be struck here: Always use oil sprays late in the afternoon or on dull days, also oil-sprayed plants should be kept in the shade for about one (1) week in order to prevent sunburn. This precaution also applies to lime-sulphur sprays.
Root Eating Insects: Cut worms, snails, etc., may be effectively dealt with by the use of poison baits which contain Paris Green or Arsenate of Lead. These baits should be placed in heaps on the bench adjacent to the plants or on a small piece of paper on top of the compost. These poisons are mostly known as slug or snail baits. They are very poisonous, consequently they should be kept out of the reach of small children or domestic animals.
Thrips and Red Spider: The extensive damage done by thrips and red spider will be recognized by the brown or red-brown patches over the leaves of the plant. The cure here is: (1) nico- tine sulphate spray or dust; or (2) flowers of sulphur dust; or (3) Gamaxane spray; or (4) lime-sulphur spray.
Leaf-Chewing Insects and Ants: For pests of these types, D.D.T. is the best remedy. All benches and stands should be sprayed with a 1 per cent. solution, or ‘““Rucide” as recommended,_ at least once each week when these pests are prevalent. Where the plant requires this treat- ment it should be turned upside down or on its side, during the spraying operation and allowed to drain off thoroughly in order to prevent ex- cess D.D.T. entering into the compost.
AUSTRALIAN ORCHID REVIEW, MARCH, 1952
Reeaconelusion, I would like to draw your at- rer n to the question of host plants which act
isease and pest carriers. For instance, if your Orchids are grown in a bush-house or in the Open adjacent to ferns, citrus trees, etc., which are heavily affected with scale, then, it can be expected that the infection will easily transfer to your plants. Such host plants should be treated for their complaint or removed from the Vicinity,
(Continued from page 23)
The Show was a great success and reflects much credit on the organizers and members of the Society. The judges were Messrs. E. Giles and W. Worth, appointed by the Orchid Society of N.S.W., and the judging was according to that Society’s standards.
Other prize winners were:—
‘ Open Section: Best 6 Cymbidiums, G. Rundle ee Best 3 Cymbidiums, G. Rundle 1st; N. parce 2nd; Best 3 Cymbidiums for Colour, pens 1st; W. Watkins 2nd; Best 2 Cym- idiums, J. Genders 1st; W. Hollinshead 2nd.
Novice Section: Best 2 Cymbidiums, N. Law- tence Ist, W. Watkins 2nd; Best 1 Cymbidium, Mrs. Bateman Ist, N. Lawrencé 2nd.
—Reported by W. M. Hollinshead.
* Townsville Orchid Society.—The Presi- Tp Report presented to the Fourth Annual see of the Townsville Orchid Society,
Ctober 29, 1951, reveals the remarkable pro- Bers. made by that. body since its inaugural 1 eeting and is indicative of the growing popu- arity in North Queensland of Orchid culture, ©nce considered a rich man’s preserve.
Formed just about four years ago by a few ee enthusiasts, the Society now has a mem- i tship of sixty growers with substantial collec- 1ons of Orchids from all corners of the world. So The financial statement disclosed that the 4 Ciety is in a very sound financial position and see the year imported plants from overseas oe the benefit of its members to the extent of ; 8. Donations to Legacy and the Y.M.C.A. Gee, oating £36 were also made from the - gees s funds, whilst additions of valuable
chnical volumes were made to the Library.
The election of officers for 1951/52 resulted as follows:— yen atron Dr. J. Breinl; President, R. P. Kirke;
1ce-Presidents, §. Short, J. S. Berge, C. Free-
man, Mrs. E. Nott, A. Wardell; Honorary |
Mee ary Treasurer, A. C. Nielsen; Committee, ivi E. Gausden, Miss G. Butler, Mrs. E. Black, aS E. C. Maloney, W. G. Butler, P. H. War-
3 Honorary Technical Adviser, C. Freeman.
PAGE 25
@ Method to soften herbarium material, par- ticularly flowers, but if necessary also leaves and bulbs. For this purpose I never use hot water, but non-warmed ammonia liquida, and that with the best success. In very many instances the flowers by this method perfectly regain their natural shape, which is of great importance for a good description, and the making of sketches. The time necessary depends on the material: some flowers are sufficiently softened within an hour, others require several hours. I, therefore, place the material a day before it is required in a glass tube filled with the said liquid, or better still in small glass bottles with ground stopper, where it, if the bottles are well closed, may re- main for several days, or even weeks, without deterioration.
Such softened flowers may afterwards be placed in alcohol for preservation. Nevertheless the results are not always equally good. Very ten- der flowers, as for instance, the one-day-orchids, frequently do not regain their form, also too sctrongly pressed flowers. Material which is too old, badly dried or badly kept, also material which has for a long time been exposed to a humid tropical climate, not rarely becomes tog soft, in which case, however, cautious hardening in strong alcohol may well result in some im- provement. Anyhow the results are nearly al- ways better and never worse than if the material +s boiled in water. I have to thank Prof. Dr. E. Pfitzer for this method, which does not seem to be generally known. It may also be used: for,
other families. From J. J. Smith’s “Orchidaceae” in “Flora of Borneo.”
@ Be careful to observe that the period in- cluding the last ten days of March and through- out April constitutes one of falling and rising temperatures, warmth and humidity, dryness and coldness in the air, which may puzzle the beginner how to act. It is perfectly safe to dis- continue watering while a cold change is passing
by.
@ American Orchid Society Bulletin, Vol. 20, No. 9, September, 1951, includes an article concluded in the October issue—on “Colour Inheritance in Orchids,” by K. J. Fenton. This should be of great interest to those who intend trying hybridization. There are other useful papers in this number and. two pages of illustra- tions of Australian Orchids that have gained
awards, Available in the O.S. of N.S.W. library.
PAGE 26
AUSTRALIAN ORCHID REVIEW, MARCH, 1952
The Orchid Club of South Australia Annual Exhibition M. HILL, Gawler East, 8.A.
@ The annual exhibition of the Orchid Club of South Australia was held in the Liberal Club Hall, North Terrace, Adelaide, from Septem- ber 24th to 26th, 1951, inclusive.
The exhibition was later this year owing to the hall being required for the Commonwealth Referendum. This, however, did not affect the display, although Cypripediums were not so much in evidence as is usually the case, but the extra number of Cymbidiums in flower more than compensated for the loss of blooms in that genus.
The exhibition was opened by the Lady Mayoress, Mrs. Arthur Rymill, who was intro- duced by the Premier, the Hon. T. Playford. At the conclusion of the opening ceremony, the President, Mr. L. H. B. Hudd, expressed the thanks of the Club members to Mrs. Rymill for her kindness in coming along and a presenta- tion bouquet of Cymbidiums tied with pink satin ribbon and tulle bows was then handed to her.
The exhibition, which is non-competitive,
was very gracefully arranged in a series of in-
dividual designs, each member arranging his or her plants in the manner which was considered to display the flowers to their best advantage. Foliage plants and ferns were kindly loaned by the Botanical Gardens and these were used as a background and among the Orchids them- selves. Some very artistic and creditable displays were to be seen and admired. The quality of the plants in the exhibition was much improved on the previous five exhibitions and members are to be congratulated on the progress they are making in the cultivation of these beautiful and interesting Orchids.
The largest and most comprehensive display was that arranged by Mr. F. H. De Rose. His exhibit, which occupied one side of the hall, contained about 200 plants of many genera. Although Cymbidiums were in the greater number, there were good representatives also of Angraecums, Cottleyas and their allied genera, Cypripediums, Lycastes, and Dendrobiums. Many of the Cymbidiums in this collection which had not previously been seen in flower in South Australia were greatly admired and commented upon by the growers who saw them. Some of the best varieties noted were x Imbros, x Ispahan, x Armynell x Goosander, x Swallow var. Patricia, x Swallow var. Dawnella, x Cam- bria, a beautiful green with cream lip spotted
red and a very desirable addition to the green flowering varieties, x Achilla and x Lord Dul- verton. Angraecum sesquipedale, Cypripedium x Forres and Cypripedium x Golden Emblem were also outstanding. The centre-piece of the hall was a massive display by Mr. A. D. Mc- Allan, of large plants with wealth of flowers arranged among ferns, Crotons and. palms. Nice blooms were seen of Cymbidium x Janette, C. x Priam var. Ada Meech, C. x Nadina, C. x Swallow var. Magnolia, C. x Eagle var. Kulgoda and C. x Cassandra, Cypripedium Lady Dillon x Eurybiades var. The King, Cyp. x Rishworth, Cyp. x Framewood, Cyp. x Pyramus and Cyp. x Memoria F. M. Ogilvie, and also Angraecum eburneum.
In front of the stage there was a display of blooms from the collections of the Hon. T. Playford and Mrs. Playford, Snr. Shown against a background of splendid palms and foliage plants, it made a very fine and arresting exhibit. The plants were well grown with dark green foliage giving ample evidence of the skill of the growers and the splendid growing condi- tions to be found in our Adelaide hills. Plants of note were Cymbidium x Dorchester, Cym. Emery, Cym. x Bramling, Cym. x Erica Sander, Cym. x Delphine, Cym. x Ruanda, Cym. x Joy Sander and Cym. x Pauwelsii.
Dr. M. E. Chinner again had a very nice ex- hibit of quality plants, well grown and nicely flowered, his Angraecum Veitchii again being well to the front with its many-flowered sprays and unusual perfume. Two very fine Cattleyas were also seen and admired, Cymbidium x Prin- cess Elizabeth var. Maisie, Cym. x Elfin, Cym. x Ceres F. J. Hanbury and Cym. x Albania were very good.
Dr. T. L. McLarty also brought along some very nice plants, among them being Cymbidium x Judge Markell, Cym. x Amberley, Cym. % Gossoon and Cym. x Magnificent, while Zygo-
_petalum intermedium also attracted attention.
Mr. C. C. Collas had on display a very mixed and varied collection of Cymbidiums. Some were very fine show varieties others were of the florist type only, but making in all a very pleasing exhibit of colour, ranging from the white through all shades to the very dark and unusual colouring of Cym. x Peri var. nigre- scence. Nice varieties noted were Cym. x Dor- chester, Cym. x Eagle var. Kulgoda, Cym. x Cassandra, Cym. x Gossoon, Cym. x Louis San-
AUSTRALIAN ORCHID REVIEW, MARCH, 1952
der and Cym. x Princess Elizabeth var. Maisie. A display of cut flowers and growing plants was staged by Mr. H. J. R. Overall and some very nice flowers were to be seen for colour and ane in, this display, notably Cym. x Princess izabeth, Cym. x Sussex, Cym. x Louis Sander var. Rose and Cym. x Dorchester var Chelsea. Mrs. J. L. Mortlock was again an exhibitor with her large, well-grown plant of Vanda tri- color, a very nice plant each of Phalaenopsis x Mary Manda and Ph. x Grande Conde, and one each of Dendrobium nobile, D. Jamesianum and D. falcorostrum. 1 splendid plant of Phaius Wallichii was dis- Played by Mr. J. M. Hack, also Dendrobium Teena, D. Kingianum, D. Jamesianum and - infundibulum.
Other members who exhibited plants were:—
PAGE, 27
Mrs. P. Baack, Mrs. J. T. Turner, Mr. E. Ford, Mr. N. Christoph, Mr. R. H. Smith and Mr. H. Goodenough.
The exhibition was a great success and the Committee is very pleased with the display and grateful for the splendid support given by mem- bers and the public generally. It is with regret, however, that I end this report with a note in regard to the person who sank so low as to in- dulge in the petty pilferage of back-bulbs stolen from’ two of the very fine Cymbidium plants ex- hibited at the Exhibition, That thieving should occur is deplorable, but the person who com- mitted such an act may be sure that he will not be able to exhibit either of those plants under its correct name as all owners of both varieties are well known and tabulated, the plants being the only ones of their varieties so far introduced.
More About Orchid Composts T. H. JAMES, Hazelbrook, N.S.W.
e ; : At the conclusion of my notes in the
December, 1950, issue of the Australian Orchid |
fare) said that the subject was too big to be ce with in one article and, after reviewing notes and listening to the comments of mane of my friends, I find that some aspects “quire qualification and enlargement. It may a claimed that a discussion on soil fertility is t of order in a journal devoted to the culti-
vation of Orchids, but I believe that the fer-
Ulity of soil (compost) for Orchids is bound up with the fertility of soil generally and so I J0pe that my remarks may be conceded as not appropriate. an his subject is probably new to many readers as ae such will, in some quarters, get the re- €ption usually accorded new ideas, viz., in- ifference or even hostility. In fact, a friend of Mine to whom I expounded my views merely Paunted and said, ‘Is that another of your new angled ideas?” Pe ticbos of new ideas, it must be ten years Gui first urged the use of tan-bark for one ids, but for years the matter was treated it 3 joke. Then a few venturesome souls tried aa fens found, to their astonishment, that not see i their plants not die, but they actually ae ed. Now it is used universally. aan as a youth, I was fortunate to Se ‘e interest of a man who taught me much, aie ge lesson I cherish most is this: He told that throughout life I would find myself
confronted with many problems and be puzzled by prevailing ideas and’ practices. Before con- sulting others I should first endeavour to find a solution myself. My early decisions might be wrong, but the fact that I had made an inde- pendent decision would be an achievement and, as the years passed by, decisions would be more accurate. Above all, he stressed, always apply logic and look for causes, because such must precede effects.
Tt was that teaching which prompted me, when I found that there was something wrong with my garden and orthodox methods failed to produce a solution, to endeavour to ascertain the cause; hence my investigation and notes in . the December issue of the A.O.R.
Let us first of all apply some logic to this matter. There are, no doubt, many who, through
~ fortunate circumstances such as a naturally fer-
tile soil or ready access to organic manure, are able to maintain a high standard of culture. There is, however, abundant evidence from re- ports in journals, in the press, radio broadcasts and general observation that there is an alarm- ing increase in soil infertility, insect pests and diseases of both plant and stock, also smaller cropping. The chemist is busy developing new chemicals to combat those diseases and pests. That seems to me illogical; it is treating the effects and not the causes. For a time the disease est is checked, but only for a time. There
eee 1 law which decrees that life must
is a natura
PAGE 28
adapt itself to changing conditions or perish. Has any disease or pest, either animal or plant, ever been eradicated? No. The survivors have built up a more virile and resistant strain, namely, flies and mosquitoes becoming immune to D.D.T. Further, these chemicals upset the balance of Nature and for that Nature always exacts payment. For instance, two years ago, in a moment of weakness, I sprayed my apple trees with D.D.T. against the Codling Moth. It was very successful, but the spray also killed the parasitic wasp which lives on woolly aphis and within a few months my trees became in- fested with the aphis and it has taken me two years to clean them up.
Now take a look at a natural forest. Over untold centuries vegetation has evolved a struc- ture which is dependent on the soil constituents of its habitat and, by natural selection, has be- come resistant to diseases and pests which are always present, but can only successfully attack the weak and ailing. If only one trace element could be removed from the soil of that par- ticular forest the vegetation would immediately suffer and be vulnerable to disease and insect attack as also would the animal life which feeds directly and indirectly on that vegetation.
Those natural soil constituents which are used up in plant growth are constantly being replaced as described in the December, 1950, A.O.R., but the methods of cultivation most generally used make no provision for the re- placement of all those elements, The majority of cultivators take the easy way with chemical fertilizer, which contains three elements only, viz., nitrogen, potash and phosphoric acid.
It is here that my previous remarks need qualification. Soils vary considerably in dif- ferent countries and localities. Plant and animal life which is peculiar to a particular locality has developed a make-up related to the soil con- stituents of that locality and will not flourish where one or more of those constituents, be it even one trace element, are missing. Hence the necessity to introduce the missing elements in the soil and this is done in the first place by means of chemicals. Plant and animal life will then respond and, provided as much as possible of the plant tissues and animal waste be re- turned to the soil, very few, if any, further applications of chemicals would be necessary. It is the continued use of chemicals which is so destructive.
Again, land which has been starved will also require various chemical elements to restore its fertility, but when that object has been achieved all additions should be mainly organic.
AUSTRALIAN ORCHID REVIEW, MARCH, 1952
There is abundant evidence, for those who wish to seek it, of the astonishing results of organic farming and gardening, viz., the build- ing up of more luxuriant vegetation which, along with animal life, is healthy and resistant to disease. It is logical to assume that animal life will suffer if the herbage on which it is de- pendent is lacking some vital element. Its resis- tance is lowered, it becomes increasingly liable to disease and its nutritional value is lessened vide example mentioned in my December, 1951, Notes.
With Orchids, the factors mentioned do not apply in quite the same way. Firstly, the foliage is not used for animal food, so the nutritional factor does not operate. Secondly, their life is progressive, that is, new growth develops each year from the base of the previous year’s growth and there is no permanent root stock. In due course the old bulbs with their leaves and roots perish and sheer lack of space in the
,pot or basket will compel repotting. They
therefore have to be provided periodically with new compost.
One of the components in the compost is generally leaf-mould. In this connection, let us return again to natural conditions. The natural forests and grasslands carry on century after century without. cultivation, as the term is understood, and without the addition of chemi- cal fertilizers. The decomposition of dead mat- ter is carried on at the surface by soil micro- organisms which, in order to perform their particular tasks, must exist on or just beneath the surface of the soil. Their task is to convert decaying organic matter into materials suitable for plant food. The fertile part of. virgin soil is, therefore, the top three or four inches. Any- thing below that would be useless for Orchid compost. I realize the difficulty that confronts growers in obtaining top soil only from com- mercial suppliers. The remedy is either to collect it oneself or make one’s own compost. An alter- native is to use Orgarno in place of leaf-mould, as that material is entirely organic and mainly humus containing most of the elements, major and minor, necessary for rich plant life.
Further to the use of chemical fertilizers, and the continued use of such destroys a large per- centage of the bacteria in the soil which ultim- ately becomes sterile, where repotting is done, say, every other year, the effect may (I use the word ‘‘may’ because I have no evidence in this regard) not have any injurious effect, but if repotting is done at longer intervals the con- stitution of the plants might be seriously affec- ted, as happens in general farming and gardening
‘comes sterile or largely so.
AUSTRALIAN ORCHID REVIEW, MARCH, 1952
under chemical treatment and the compost be- This subject is, I Consider, important and I would suggest that growers who use chemicals report the effect on their plants for general information.
In conclusion, I wish it to be understood that
this is not a scientific treatise, but notes on observation and information gleaned from much inquiry, plus a limited amount of personal re- search. _ As to Orgarno, I have used it as a top-dress- Ing on my Caféleyas in place of Sphagnum Moss. One which had an early start already has bulbs 3 inches longer than their parents and growth 1s not yet complete.
PAGE 29
@ A Cultural Note for May.—This month
‘demands some attention with regard to repairs
and painting, as the time devoted to the general care of Orchids is greatly reduced. Most Den- drobiums and Cattleyas will require just enough water at the roots to keep the pseudo-bulbs plump. They may claim this watchfulness once a week, or more frequently, according to the local conditions of the weather, the nature of the structure in which they are housed, or the texture of the compost in which they grow. Sometimes damping down during the morning may be all that they require, or an odd plant here and there may need dipping only.
The Vegetative Propagation of Orchids J. GORDON SMITH, Brisbane, Ql.
The propagation of Orchids varies according to the type, for example Cypripediums which lave no pseudo-bulbs can be increased by divi- sion only. Cattleyas and Cymbidiums which have Pseudo-bulbs can be increased by divisions and by forcing the dormant eyes in the back-bulbs into 8towth. Dendrobiums of course offer the best Opportunities as they have the added advantage of aerial growths. ~ =o
The so-called “water cultlure” seems to hold Pride of place. It is simply a matter of filling a bottle with water and placing the back-bulbs in the water. The water must ke changed occa- Slonally. You will of course, get results, but 8enerally speaking such growths are weak and take a long time to make plants which, after all, 1s the results that we hope to achieve. Many Orchid books advise us to place the back-bulbs °n damp moss which will assist in producing aer- als, but again we find that such aerials seem to ack stamina. I must admit to having tried
oth of thesé types of culture with very limited
Tesults. Water is, of course, necessary to the Orchid, but we know that over watering can bring dire results.
'
Some years ago I had the good fortune to see a large area of ground covered with plants of endrobium undulatum. They were all in bloom and presented a wonderful sight. It would have ata very hard to estimate how many plants ere were but they were very healthy and strong any pseudo-bulbs were much taller than my- self. I noticed that many of the outside bulbs Were partly eaten through about 20 feet from
the ground—probably by wallabies—and they had bent over till the tops’ of the psuedo-bulbs rested on the ground. Most of these bulbs had aerial growths.
I looked over these aerials very carefully and noticed that in each case the first pseudo-bulb was short and stout. Many of the aerials had three bulbs, the third being about 18 feet high and would have been a fine plant for any Orchid: grower. The ground was covered with leaves and the earth under them was damp and very friable.
I pondered over this sight for some time, for here was food for thought which: could possibly be turned to good account. I went back and had another look at those aerials with but one thought. Why was the first bulb of each aerial short and stout? Suddenly I recalled the thin miserable growth produced by our “water cul- ture.” Had I found the answer? Was it the warmth of the ground or was it the compost of decayed leaves and friable soil into which the roots had worked their way, or was it the two combined that gave the first psuedo-bulb its strength and. stamina?
I decided that this method was well worth try- ing, so I dug all my used compost, some ashes, sand and manure into a garden bed and that is where I raise my plants and aerials. The pseudo- bulbs are placed in the soil under a Croton bush, so that they do not get the full blast of the sun. With ths method I have been able to raise a lot of plants of Dendrobium x Bali and so in- crease my stock» Never before have I had such robust plants.
PAGE 30
AUSTRALIAN ORCHID REVIEW, MARCH, 1952
Section of Vanda Orchid Nunemy Cae N.Q.
Tropical Orchids (Reg.) 342 Sheridan St., Cairns, N. Old.
Queensland agents for:
G. A. de Jong, Holland. Kian Kee Garden, Malaya.
Standard Nursery, India. |
Marcel Lecoufle, France. i Cattleyas.
Specialising in hybrid Vandas,
Phalaenopses, Dendrobiums, and
Catalogues and Price Lists sent on application. Visitors welcome at Nursery. Ring Phone 2385
FLOWERS & VEGETABLES ALL THE YEAR!
In and out of season, sun-loving plants thrive
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i
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Minimum 2 lines, 5/-; and |/- per line afterwards.
FOR SALE.—Enquiries invited for quality hybrids of Vandas, Dendrobiums, Arandas, Oncidiums, Spathoglottis, etc., normally obtainable in Singa- pore. Mail orders always receive prompt atten- tion. Khoo Kay Ann, Telephone House, Hill St., Singapore 6.
FOR SALE.—Aust. Orchid Review, Vols. 1 to 15. Strongly bound £4/4/0 or near offer plus postage. H. J. Exley, 12 Patrick St. Box Hill, Victoria.
ORDERS ACCEPTED for Den. Phal. Schroed- erianum and its variety, Alba. Den. Aris, Phalaen- opsis, Amabilis, Vanda, Tricolor v. Tricuspidata, Renanthandra, Mars. Orchid Exchange (Regd. ay. 3 Pembroke St., Cairns, N.Q,
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MARCEL LECOUFLE I. Rue de I'Eglise BOISSY-ST-LEGER— S & O. FRANCE
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COMPLETE LIST AND PARTICULARS UPON REQUEST
THE STANDARD NURSERY (Regd.) P.O. Kalimpong, Dist: Darjeeling, India.
ou
AUSTRALIAN ORCHID REVIEW, MARCH, 1952 | PAGE 31
TERRA COTTA ORCHID AND NURSERY POTS
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SUPPLIERS OF AUSTRALIAN TERRA COTTA PRODUCTS FOR OVER 50 YEARS.
PAGE 32 AUSTRALIAN ORCHID REVIEW, MARCH, 1952
CYMBIDIUMS
BACK-BULBS, SMALL PLANTS AND FLOWERING PLANTS TO SUIT ALL TASTES
ALL ARE HYBRIDS ALL ARE DESIRABLE VARIETIES
INSPECTION INVITED ON SATURDAY AFTERNOONS AND SUNDAYS .
) A. A. L. MeWILLIAMS | |
(Agent for Shead’s Orchids) ; 3-5 CHELMSFORD RD., WENTWORTHVILLE, N.S.W. Phone UW8587
LOCATION: Follow Western Highway from Parramatta for approx. 24 miles, then branch off at Old Prospect Road Junction and take 4th turn on left.
ORCHID EXCHANGE (Regd.) FOR
(L. M. & W. F. Tierney) Tan Bark, Leaf Mould, Cow Manure, Tea Tree, Pots, and Orchid Growers’ Sundries.
IMPORTERS & EXPORTERS GROWERS © ; PAINTER & STARKE
CASTLE HILL NURSERY (Regd.)
3 PEMBROKE ST., CAIRNS, N.Q. Phone UW2551
Sensational News for Orchid Growers
CARBAMIDE
It's a tonic. It is beneficial to all Orchids Just watch them grow.
2lbs. or 3lbs. would be sufficient for 12 months for an average collection.
Price 7/6 per Ib. Add postage.
Obtainable from : Write for particulars
YORK MEREDITH FITZPATRICK AVENUE
FRENCH'S FOREST, N.S.W.
nit Naa) CYPRIPEDIUM MAUDIAE v. magnificum
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Two hundred plants are available for immediate shipment.
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EXPORTERS—IMPORTERS—HYBRIDIZERS
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PAGE 34 AUSTRALIAN ORCHID REVIEW, MARCH, 1952
High-class showy Orchids! Delivered free by Air Mal! Do not send payment in advance, pay after you have received the plants in good condition.
Collection of showy Orchids in Dendrobiums, Cymbidiums, Coelo- gynes, Vandas, Cypripediums, £34 for 100; £19 for 50; £10/10/- for 25; and £6/10/- for 12 large and healthy plants of full flower- ing size.
Double Gerbera seeds, selected strains. 8/- per 100; £2 per 1000. Single Gerbera seeds, best mixed, 6/- per 100; £1 per 1000. 12 pkts. Lilium seeds in different varieties, including Auratum and —
Speciosum, £2/5/- Complete lists on Cattleyas, Laelias, etc., free
THE UNITED FORAL CO. 81 Miles, Kalimpong, India
CY Wis PICs
BY EE © DGaNes
Finest varieties, including Award. Winners. Also good Hybrid
varieties for the new Grower. ‘For Lists write: — HODGINS ORCHIDS
P.O. BOX 108, FRANKSTON, VICTORIA The Nursery is situated in Baden Powell Drive & Canning St., Mt. Eliza
A USTRALIAN ORCHID REVIEW, MARCH, 1952 ; PAGE 35
(EMME iT Co Oe Act, wl, fe LE SER OP) 2 we i ee 2 MINERAL SALT FERTILISERS ;
DRY POWDERS supplied. R ded f i MINERAL FERTILISER (MISSOURI), | Ib. prepare eroullchste tn aeerinarliatt i
, . prepares 28 gallons of watering liquid. Price, 30/- per Ib., post 2/6. MINERAL FERTILISER (OHIO). | Ib. prepares 80 gallons of watering fluid. Price 15/- per Ib., post 26.
KNUDSON'S AGAR (Formula "'C")
A. PREPARED READY FOR INOCULATION. Flask iti . quantities only. Rates on request. r B. Meaty MIXED KNUDSON'S AGAR (DRY). Add water and sterilise. Compounded to give final pH 4.8—5.0. grams, sufficient for | litre, 15/-. (Post 2/6). 4 Ib. sufficient for litres, 40/-. (Post 2/6).
INOCULATION OF SEEDS ONTO AGAR is unde ttaken at, the rates of: £1 half d , £1/15/- d ; £9 per half gross, of Culture vessels inoculated. ens ee era ar
Ww. H. BLACK
185 OXFORD ST. (at Taylor Square), SYDNEY, N.S.W. Phone: FA7462
CASUARINA (oak leaf) mould, 5/- ORCHID COMPOST IN SACK LOTS
corn bag | Full Sack . £1 0 0 ROTTED WOOD, 10/- per sugar bag b sacks 2 “55 5 0
City—delivery arranged. Couhtry—on rail.
RIVER SAND, 3/6 per sugar bag CHARCOAL, 10/- per sugar bag
COLIN R. HAMILTON Cymbidium Orchid Specialist Compost & Pottery Manufacturer
133-135 HAWKESBURY ROAD, WESTMEAD
(near P.O. and Railway Station) Phone: UW8430
Delivery can be arranged Call or write
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Also available: A good range of Australian Native Orchids. - yt
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364 VICTORIA ROAD DRUMMOYNE
Telephone WA1678
PAGE 36 AUSTRALIAN ORCHID REVIEW, MARCH, 1952
Orchids - Orchids
We have a fine collection of all varieties of Orchids, including Cymbidiums, Dendrobiums, and many other miscellaneous and glasshouse plants, Anthuriums, etc.
Inspection cordially invited any day. (Sundays excepted)
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PRIVATE (Evenings) JA8906 Read “The Charm of Growing Orchids,” by P. A. Gilbert—Price 21/- (post 1/-)
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ORCHIDS in Great Britain
In all kinds Messrs. B. F. Stevens & Brown Limited, Seedlings and mature plants New Ruskin House
Sakltgio ites on efpiesiitn 28-30 Little Russell Street LONDON, W.C.1
MARCEL LECOUFLE
1. Rue de I'Eglise are carrying stocks of current and back numbers
BOISSY-ST-LEGER S & O FRANCE of the Australian Orchid Review. Readers in
Visitors always welcome Great Britain should communicate with them regarding their supplies. -
Books on Orchids
PICTURES WITH FLOWERS (J. Clements). Illust. 15/9. Post 8d.
GLADIOLUS (F. Rockwell), TIllust. 16/9. Post. 6d.
BETTER ROSES (A. S. Thomas). Col. Plates, 19/6. Post 9d.
ORCHIDS, THEIR CULTURE AND CLASSIFICATION (P. Gilbert), lust. £2/2/-. Post 1/3.
YOUR VEGETABLE GARDEN (VY. Stevenson). Illust. 13/3. Post 8d.
THE BOOK OF THE GERANIUM (J. E. Cross). Col. and B.W. Plates. £1/10/-. Post 8d
YOUR WINTER GARDEN (S. B. Whitehead). £1/1/-. Post 8d.
CACTI (J. Borg). Illust. £3/7/6. Post 1/6.
ORCHIDS AND HOW TO GROW THEM (A. C. Willoughby). Ilust. £1/9/9. Post 6d.
A.B.C. OF ORCHID GROWING (J. V. Watkins). Illust. £1/12/-. Post 1/-
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HOME GROWING ORCHIDS (R. Northen) Col..Plates. £2/9/3. Post 1/-
ORCHIDS ARE EASY TO GROW (Logan and Cosper). Col. Plates. £2/18/3. Post 9d.
ORCHIDS AND THEIR CULIVATION (Sanders), £1/1/-. Post 6d. :
NATIVE ORCHIDS OF NORTH AMERICA, NORTH OF MEXICO (D. S. Correll). Illust. £4/6/9. Post 2/3.
ORCHIDS FOR AMATEURS (T. W. Briscoe). Ilust. 10/9. Post 6d.
ATLAS DES ORCHIDEES CULTIVEES (J. Constantin), 1000 figures in colours, French Text. £6/10/-. Post 9d.
A CULTURAL TABLE OF ORCHIDACEOUS PLANTS (J. M. Cox). Col. and B.W. Plates. £4/4/-. Post 1/6.
AUSTRALIAN ORCHIDS (W H. Nicholls), Comprising 25 parts to be published over 18 years, 24 col. plates in each part. Part I and II now ready. Price £7/10/- each. Orders booked,
ORCHIDS OF THE OUTDOOR GARDEN (A. W. Darnell). Illust. £3/18/7. Post 2/-.
THE WILD ORCHIDS OF BRITAIN (Jocelyn Brooke). Col. Plates. £13/1/6. Post 2/6.
ORCHIDS, THEIR DESCRIPTION AND CULTIVATION (C. H. Curtis). Illust. £4/18/-. Post 1/-.
Also, 10,000 new and second-hand books on Botany, Natural History, Early Australia, Art, Fine Literature, etc. Catalogues free. Scientific Instruments, Magnifiers, Microscopes, ete.
N. H. SEWARD PTY. LTD. 457C BOURKE STREET, MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA. MU6129
AUSTRALIAN ORCHID REVIEW, MARCH, 1952
The Orchid Society of N.S.W.
Meets Last Monday: Y.W.C.A., Liverpool St., Opposite Anzac Memorial, Sydney TUES., MAR. 24th MON., APRIL 28th MON., MAY 26th
Patron: His Honour JUDGE H. F. MARKELL, Lawrence Ave., Turramurra. President: JOHN BISSET, 8 Brisbane Street, Lindfield. Phone: JA8906 Hon. Secretary: J. C. DAVIS, 16 Jarrett St., Campsie Hon. Treasurer: L. A. PEATY, 684 Forest Road, Bexley. Phone: LW3108 Hon. Editor: P. A. GILBERT, 37 Colin St., Lakemba.
The Queensland Orchid Society
Meets Second Friday: Miniature Rifle Range Building, Boundary Street, Brisbane FRI., MAR. 14th FRI., APRIL 11th FRI., MAY 9th
Patron: E. J. BEARD, Esq., 207 Cavendish Rd., Coorparoo, SE2. President: T. C. HARVEYSON, “Mildura,” Dorrington Drive, Ashgrove, W.3. Hon. Secretary: S. H. PHILLIPS, G.P.O. Box 2002X, Brisbane.
Hon. Treasurer: J. P. McPHEE, Carmody Rd., St. Lucia, $.W.1., Brisbane
The Victorian Orchid Club
Meets Third Monday: The Independent Church Hall, Collins Street, Melbourne, at 8 p.m. MON., MAR. 17th MON., APRIL 21st MON., MAY 19th President: R. VICK, 32 Northcote Ave., Balwyn, E.8 Phone, WF2365
Hon. Secretary: J. R. McARTHUR, 24 Somerset Rd., Glen Iris. Phone, WM1314 Hon. Treasurer: G. HAND, 36a Weybridge St., Surrey Hills. Phone, WF2894.
The Orchid Club of South Australia
Meets Royal Society Rooms, Institute Building, North Terrace and Kintore Ave., Adelaide THURS., MAR. 6th THURS., APRIL 3rd THURS., MAY Ist
Patron: The Premier, Hon. T. PLAYFORD, Norton Summit. President: L. H. B. HUDD, 30 Davenport ‘Terrace, Wayville. Hon. Secretary-Treasurer: H. C. ENGLAND, 31 Angas Road, Lower Mitcham.
The Orchid Society of Western Australia
Meets Fourth Friday: Perth Bowling Club Rooms, Esplanade. FRI., MAR. 28th FRI., APRIL 25th FRI., MAY 23rd President: J. HAMMOND
Hon. Secretary: F. §. FARRANT, 22 Stirling Highway, Claremont Hon. Treasurer: W. E. BARNES, 36 Stirling Highway, Nedlands. WM3246
The Hobart Orchid Club
Meets Third Thursday: Office of Mr. G. A. Roberts, 52 Murray St., Hobart President: Mrs. A. R. Park. Hon. Secretary: A. Cruickshank, 72 Tolosa St., Glenorchy.
Wholly set up and printed in Australia by the Proprietors, Shepherd & Newman Pty. Lid., Yurong St., Sydney, N.S.W. f P. A, Gilbert, Hon. Editor.
AUSTRALIAN ORCHID REVIEW, MARCH, 1952
Armstrong & Brown
Proprietor: Clint McDade. Manager: J. L. Humphreys.
TUNBRIDGE WELLS ENGLAND
Solicit enquiries for
COMMERCIAL AND EXHIBITION ORCHIDS
Unflowered and Flowered plants of all types available.
Splendid vigorous stocks raised from the finest parents. VAISS IRIs ORRSS Ee GeOURIDSIFAGIS [Vaan NGVe lala
A personal visit to our greenhouses will demonstrate the
high standard of culture maintained.
CZ
Armstrong & Brown
ORCHIDHURST, SANDHURST PARK, TUNBRIDGE WELLS
Cables: Orchid, Tunbridge Wells. Telephone: Southborough 276
PUBLISHED QUARTERLY
Vs @) ali NO? PRICE 3/6 JUNE, 1952
CYMBIDIUM X LOUIS SANDER var. KIRRIBILLI (greatly reduced).
THE OFFICIAL ORGAN OF THE ORCHID SOCIETY OF NEW SOUTH WALES, THE
QUEENSLAND ORCHID SOCIETY, THE VICTORIAN ORCHID CLUB, THE ORCHID
CLUB OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA, THE ORCHID SOCIETY OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA, AND THE HOBART ORCHID CLUB.
Page il AUSTRALIAN ORCHID REVIEW, JUNE, 1952
ORCHIDS of Quality
Coe DEANE
PARK and GREEN STREETS, GLENBROOK NEW SOUTH WALES ‘Telephone Glenbrook 481
AUCTION SALE OF ORCHIDS
An enormous auction sale of the valuable Orchid collection belonging to Mrs. Worth (widow of the late W. Worth, late Editor of the ‘Australian Orchid Review,” of Ward Street, Willoughby), will be held on two days, 26th July and 2nd August, 1952, wet or fine, at the new glasshouse of Mr. Leo Giles, Pennant Hills Road, Carlingford, opposite wireless station.
Refreshments will be available on the ground. Proceeds in aid of the Crippled Children’s Association.
The plants will be available for inspection during the week commencing the 19th July.
Almost every first class Cymbidium Orchid that has won a First Prize or taken an Award in Sydney or Melbourne is included. Many small divisions will be available for those who have not a big purse.
A few of the leading varieties available are as follow:—
|. Girrahween var. Enid (F.C.C. and Gold Medal)
. Sussex var. Laelia Sasso (H.C.).
Cygnus var. Opalescent
Girrahween var. Gloria (A.M.)
Princesse Astrid var. Dorothy (H.C.).
Louis Sander var. Kirribilli (A.M.).
Sandpiper var. Dorothy (H.C.)
Mayfair var. Collaroy (winner best colour, 1950)
Also a large collection of choice award varieties of Slipper Orchids and the best collection of Dendrobiums in Australia.
Further particulars will be advertised in the local press.
dt ttttdttttttttttttttSttt SS
AUSTRALIAN ORCHID REVIEW, JUNE, 1952 Page 37
Special Announcement to Orchid Enthusiasts
John Bisset has pleasure in announcing the publication of a Book on Orchid Culture which is an invaluable aid to Orchid enthusiasts.
ORCHIDS FOR EVERYBODY
by R. Bruce Hogg Over 200 pages with 32 pages of Illustrations Price 25/- (Post 1/- extra) J O H N B I S S E ap PRIVATE (Evenings) JA8906
NURSERY — Phone WAI124
FLANDRIA
LTD. BRUGES BELGIUM
QUALITY IN
ORCHIDS Thousands of mature and flowering-
CYMBIDIUMS (hybrids) sized Cattleya, Brassocattleya, Brasso- laeliocattleya, Laeliocattleya, Potinara, Sophrolaeliocattleya available.
CYPRIPEDIUM hybrids for first class Inspection Invited on any day by cut flowers.
arrangement CYMBIDIUM: The collection of 5,000 plants previously advertised is now sold. However, we are in a position to offer Cymbidium seedlings of excellent par- entage and in large quantities. L. H. NEWMAN e 80 Provincial Road, Lindfield Bank Drafts for plants now obtainable from SYDNEY, N.S.W. your Bank.
Tel. JM2803 Special offers and Lists airmailed free on request.
Including Finest Varieties
FRANK SLATTERY
12 EDDYSTONE RD., BEXLEY SYDNEY, N.S.W. -
cordially invites all Orchid Lovers to inspect his stocks of
Australian raised Cymbidium and Cattleya seedlings on» hand. Dendrobiums, Phaius, Miscellaneous Orchids, etc. Call and inspect a vey compact Hot Box, and the simple and economical Aladdin Glass House Heater, for the improvement of growth in nursery plants.
Phone: LX2985 Beginners welcomed and every assistance given
Page 38 AUSTRALIAN ORCHID REVIEW, JUNE, 1952
“GREENACRES”
announces that scars of December’s Bushfires are healed. Cymbidiums now give promise for a lovely display for this 1952 season.
T his is your invitation to come and see that display any time from June to December.
BUSH FIRE OPPORTUNITIES
Large plants, divided after the Bush Fire, and transferred to pots in sizes convenient to handle, are growing nicely. In the coming spring 15,000 of them will be available to purchasers. A pre-selection offer is now open to those interested. Plants in 6 inch pots £1/1/-, Plants in 8 inch pots £2/2/-, Plants in 10 inch pots, £3/3/-. have values ten times that for each bulb of
These are all from two bush houses being
grown mainly for flowers for export, in the plant.
which the fire destroyed the majority of the NEW ORCHID BOOK
name labels. Orchid growers do not need Roy Deane’s Book on Orchid Culture is ex- to be told that this is an ounstandingly un- pected from the printers in August. Write usual chance. Those who know “Greenacres” without delay and register your name in know that, for a guinea, Cymbidiums will be order to receive a copy. Sent post-free when bought which, upon flowering, will prove to published.
“Greenacres’—Valley Heights, Remember—at GREENACRES a child On the Lower Blue Mountains, N.S.W. can buy Orchids with complete safety.
2451.
NOE Sane @hwy sear
SLOUGH, BUCKS., ENGLAND
GSD
We have a limited number of FLOWERED Cattleyas, FLOWERED
Cypripediums and FLOWERED Cymbidiums for sale and are able to despatch to Australia throughout our winter, due to our proximity to London Airport.
We do not at present issue a catalogue, but lists of plants will be willingly sent to enquirers. Please state in what genera interested.
We do not sell community pots or small plants.
AUSTRALIAN ORCHID REVIEW, JUNE, 1952
ODONTOGLOSSUMS ODONTIODAS
and allied genera in great variety are available to you from the
CHOICEST STOCK IN THE WORLD
HIGH QUALITY MODERN HYBRIDS
in a wider colour range than exists in any other generic group of orchids
NO LESS THAN 47 AWARDS BY THE
ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY
SECURED BY OUR ODONTOGLOS-
SUMS AND ALLIED GENERA SINCE 1948
We shall have the pleasure in quoting you in these or other genera on advice of your requirements to
CHARLESWORTH & Co. Ltd. Haywards Heath, Sussex, England
For the finest
ORCHID HYBRIDS
in all genera
Specialty of: Cattleyas and allied genera Vandas, Phalaenopses Miltonias, Odontonias and Odontoglossums
Australian clients can obtain our Catalogue from L. Giles, Carlingford, N.S.W.
VACHEROT-LECOUFLE
BOISSY—SAINT—LEGER Seine et Oise, FRANCE
Cable: Vacherot—Boissy St. Leger Seine et Oise, France
Phone: Boissy St. Leger 42 VISITORS WELCOME
Page 39
INDIAN ORCHIDS
By Air or Sea. Direct from our Nurseries
Cymbidium, Cypripedium, Dendrobium, Vanda Coerulea, etc.
We stock all the best kinds of horti- cultural and botanical Indian Orchids. Write for
place your order immediately for the
our catalogue now, and
Indian Autumn (November approxi-
mately) delivery.
G. GHOSE & CO. Townend, DARJEELING, INDIA
FLOWERS & VEGETABLES ALL THE YEAR! In and out of season, sun-loving plants thrive in the Warm, ideal surroundings of Hi
WAL
The TAL DOR is rust-proof — rot-proof — insect-proof — requires no maintenance — pusten ees 10 years. Available all sizes and shapes.
i'ialdor
GREENHOUSES
PANE PTY. LTD. “ Box 5079 A G,P.O., MELB. mic. Vie. ‘Phone nine 6902 ey lines) Mere
TREMORVA ORCHIDS Good quality Cymbidiums at reasonable prices. SURPLUS STOCK SALE
Inspection Saturday Afternoon, Sundays only.
Country enquiries and orders receive prompt attention.
TREMORVA ORCHIDS
24 Murray St., Lane Cove, N.S.W. Off Ralston St., near Mowbray Road. JA5I06
Page 40
SHEAD’S ORCHIDARIUM
A SEASONAL ANNOUNCEMENT
Of interest to all Orchid enthusiasts.
The Orchidarium is now open to local visitors, country clients, and all those interested in the growing of Orchids. This season promises to be our best as all our Champion Cymbidiums are showing every indication of surpassing our previous efforts in the quality and excellence of our spikes and blooms, the growth and bulb develop- ment being superior in every respect.
We have now completed all our building operations which include modern Tea- rooms, and other conveniences for our customers, such as seating accommodation, and full protection from rain and stormy weather.
Due to the elevated position of Shead’s Orchidarium, several Look-outs provide an unsurpassed panoramic view of the surrounding suburbs. Immediately below the Look-outs native shrubs, trees, and other ornamental vegetation help to form a rest- ful scene. Country, Interstate, and Overseas Orchid enthusiasts will enjoy inspect- ing this leading Show place for Orchids. ‘There is not anything like it in Australia. Spend a Saturday or Sunday amid beautiful Orchids in a superb environment.
AUSTRALIAN ORCHID REVIEW, JUNE, 1952
AUSTRALIAN ORCHID REVIEW, JUNE, 1952 Page 41
MODERN SEED-RAISING PLANT
The completion of one of the most modern and complete laboratories for raising seedlings of all varieties of Orchids has been accomplished. “The Orchidarium’s Lab- oratory is built of plate and commercial glass throughout. We have been particu- larly fortunate in being able to engage Mr. Van de Brun from England, who also’ has been occupied.in Orchid culture in Holland and India, to manage this industry for us. The wide experience of this expert will be available for answering inquiries with regard to seedlings, and all communications should be addressed to him personally, c/- of Shead’s Orchidarium. Here in the Orchidarium you will be able to examine seeds being raised under exactly the same methcds as those in use in Holland and
the U.S.A.
LABOUR DIFFICULTIES HAVE BEEN OVERCOME
Owing to the many difficulties associated with building operations, the general shortage of labour, and our inability to secure suitable clerical assistance, we have been unable to answer hundreds of inquiries about Orchid culture received from our numerous clients all over Australia. This shortcoming has now been completely rec- tified. By writing to Mr. J. O’Brien, c/- Shead’s Orchidarium, all inquiries in future will be answered immediately.
Our floral display will begin early in June and terminate about the end of November. Do not fail to visit the Orchidarium during this period.
Open every day in the week from from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m.
The Orchidarium carries large stocks of all accessories to Orchid culture— composts, pots, labels, etc. “The beginner or advanced grower will find it very convenient to buy at Shead’s Orchidarium.
SHEAD’S ORCHIDARIUM
105 HOMER ST., EARLWOOD, N.S.W. Phone: LL3591
LOCATION
Shead’s Orchidarium is six (6) miles from Sydney, and is situated on top of the hill just over the Cook’s River Bridge at Undercliffe on the Earlwood tramline. A regular and frequent tram service from Sydney to Earlwood stops at the entrance to the Orchidarium. Visitors trayelling by rail should alight at Marrickville Station, then take the tram, alighting at the third stop after crossing the Cook’s River Bridge. Motorists pss over the Marrickville Rail- way Bridge, following the tramline to the top of the hill at Earlwood.
Me -
Page 42 AUSTRALIAN ORCHID REVIEW, JUNE, 1952
orchids
BUSINESS AS USUAL
to the eWei ie
We are the original pioneers and largest consignors of cymbidium blooms throughout the world. .
Our system of packing, merchandising and consign- ing is recognised in the United States as the best. We collect regularly during the season.
RELIABILITY, SERVICE AND SATISFACTION
WE PAY HIGHEST PRICES AND CASH! CONTACT US EARLY.
Ci eae. eel es le IL
172 HARROW ROAD, KOGARAH, N.S.W. Telephone LW3502
US tra hey,
lee
evLew
Volume 17 JUNE, 1952
No. 2
The author of each article is responsible for the facts and opinions
Contents
ARTICLES
California Cymbidiums Inc.— C. M. Carlton (Mrs.) Cymbidium x Louis Sander var. Kirribilli—P.4.G.
Editorial—Book Reviews - - - - General Patton v. Stalin—E. Peckover - -
Gleanings from Overseas Orchid Periodicals—A. R. Persson
News and Notes - - - : é - Orchids for Export—Peter Black - . -
Retrospect of an Orchid Fancier, The—Alan R. Begg
Spring Orchid Shows - - - = aes Tan Bark—H. R. G. Poate (Dr.) - - -
Visit to Messrs. Charlesworth & Co. Ltd.. A—E, Peckover
ILLUSTRATIONS
A. R. Begg - - 2 s 2 és
Cymbidium x Adele Sander var. Narcissus (Colour)
Cymbidium x Louis Sander yar. Kirribilli - Cymbidium x Neville Chamberlain—W. Harris
Cymbidium x Sandpiper var. Dorothy - Cypripedium x Balaclava var. Margaret - Cypripedium x Brita var. Rotunda - -
Cypripedium x Utopia var. Girrahween -
52, 58, 63, 64, 66
expressed therein.
2 - = > gv
59
- 57 - 45 - 58, 62 - 51 = 63
- 55 - 55 Front cover - 54 - 53 - 53 5 53 - 53
Packing Orchids for Exportation—G. H. Greville-A. E. L. Mash - 55, 56
Personnel Hon. Editor: P. A. Gilbert, 37 Colin St., Lakemba, N.S.W. Associates . QUEENSLAND: VICTORIA: SOUTH AUSTRALIA WESTERN AUSTRALIA: Trevor E, Hunt R. Vick R. J. Langdon A. C. Dawson 15 Challinor St. 32 Northcote Av. 8 Regent St., 50 Bay View Tce Ipswich. Balwyn, E.8. Millswood Mosman Park
Articles, photos, and drawings are invited, and may be forwarded to any of the above gentlemen, for publication in
the Australian Orchid Review.
While the Proprietors of the Australian Orchid Review endeavour to assure the reliability of their advertising, neither the Proprietors of the ‘‘Australian Orchid Review’’ nor the affiliated Orchid Societies can assume responsibility
for any transactions between their advertisers and their readers.
Subscription Rates: Australia and New Zealand, 12/6 per annum; Overseas, 12/6 sterling per annum. Post free. Payable to Shepherd & Newman Pty. Ltd., Yurong St., Sydney, Australia.
SH 1
TE ey aio
if i ‘
hy lls MXn TARPO
| SF |
TASMANIA:
F. W. Chilvers 1 Lassuade Ave. Sandy Bay
Page 44
AUSTRALIAN ORCHID REVIEW, JUNE, 1952
Editorial
ORCHIDS OF THE WEST by Rica, Erickson (Mrs.), contains 109 pages and is illustrated with drawings by the authoress. There are 22 coloured plates, 20 of which are accompanied by black and white drawings to illustrate the most salient features of the flower, 10 black and white and four figures in the text. Cloth binding. Printed by Messrs. Paterson Brokensha Pty. Ltd., Perth. Price £1/5/0, obtainable at all leading booksellers in the capital cities.
Only those acquainted with the compilation of a field handbook on Orchids can have any idea of the prodigious amount of time that is devoted to study and research in bringing it - to completion. With the addition of ‘coloured and pen drawings, the degree of concentration is such that only an expert and enthusiast could carry it out.
Therefore, Mrs. Rica Erickson is to be con- gratulated on achieving the publication of a very useful and instructive work on Western Australian Orchids. The line drawings are neat and clean, making them a real pleasure to study. There is something fascinating about a line drawing, as it gives in detail an image of the conspicuous parts much more clearly than a photograph does.
The coloured plates of Epiblema grandi- florum and Caladenia flava are particularly attractive, but some of the more delicate sub- jects are reproduced rather coarsely. ‘Taken together, however, the coloured illustrations afford a valuable aid for the determination of species in the field. There is a key to the genera and keys to the species are in their appropri- ate places throughout the text.
The following items could have been ampli- fied. On page 9 the authoress is only partly correct in saying “Orchids combine the stigma and stamens in one column,” a more complete explanation being that the column is the re- sult of adhesion between the stamens and the pistil.
The distribution of Diuris setacea is given as “W.A. Albany district.” The Swedish Scien- tific Expedition to Australia, 1910-1913, re- corded it on the Darling Range, W.A., August, 1911, about 200 miles north of Albany. Miss- ing this obscure reference, of course, is due to the erratic methods of biologists in recording observations and describing species in literature remote from the point of inquiry. If a re- searcher had a lifetime to spare he could spend
a great deal of it in delving into old journals from far and wide that record details of the animals and plants not far from his front door.
“Some Orchids of Western Australia,” by R. D. Royce, and illustrated with photographs by the late W. H. Nicholls, which appeared in the Australian Orchid Review, Vol. 15, Part 4, 1950, would have increased the usefulness of. the references, especially for W.A. students.
YOUR FIRST ORCHIDS AND HOW
TO GROW THEM:—A symposium by a
number of the leading Orchid authorities and growers in the U.S.A. There are 10 coloured plates (6 Galley group, 2 Cymbidium, 2 Cypripedium), 6 photographic reproductions and three sets of line drawings; 72 pages on art paper; format Qin. x bin. The price of the bock is $1.15, U.S.A., post paid, and can be obtained from the Oregon Orchid Society Inc., P.O. Box 2184-A, Portland 14, Oregon, U.S.A. Mrs. Scott Hyde i is the Editor.
The front cover has a coloured reproduction of the pretty Cattleya x Lorna var. Corona, while the back cover depicts that of Cattleya x Bow Bells. In every respect the book is mag- nificently produced and, being on art paper throughout, it would be difficult to find better value in Orchid literature.
The Oregon Orchid Society has published this 72-page handbook on Orchid culture par- ticularly for the beginner and to encourage those who already have an interest in Orchids. The book is also of interest and value to the more advanced Orchid hobbyist, as it gives de- tailed cultural requirements of a number of the more commonly grown genera. ‘There are sketches and charts, blooming calendars, ques- tions and answers, in reality it is a “bantam encyclopaedia.”
The work is quite suitable for Australian Orchid growers as the articles are of general interest, but mostly written for glass-house conditions. It is not easy to make a representa- tive selection from such a useful guide, but “What is an Orchid,’ “Unusual Orchids,” “How Orchids Bloom,’ “How Orchids are Named,” “Orchids for Beginners,” “How to Grow Cymbidiums,” etc., are only a few of the many choice ‘ ‘pickings,” which will serve to show its wide scope. It is pleasant, too, to note that the ladies figure prominently in the contributions. The publication is strongly re- commended to all Orchid lovers.
= See eee ee
AUSTRALIAN ORCHID REVIEW, JUNE, 1952
Page 45
The Retrospect of an Orchid Fancier ALAN R. BEGG
I first met Mr. Begg about twelve years ago when he asked me at the lift door on what floor the O.S. of N.S.W. held its
Meetings. in those days.
hibites We met in Phillip St.
Since ther Mr. Begg has become a prominent. member and_ successful ex- Recently Mr. Begg completed a three-year term as Ptesident of the Society, so I asked him if he would give readers
and members some of his reminiscences from the time that he first thought of growing Orchids, and here they are-—Hon. Editor
© I always have been fond of growing plants and especially since I married I have spent many hours each week in the garden. We had a large house and garden and during 1940 my wife and I thought the place was too big and too much work so we decided to get something smaller. Eventually we arranged for a flat with a lovely harbour view. This completely altered my gardening activities as it meant, in fact, Pot plants if I was to grow anything at all.
_ Well! I started on Cyclamen, ferns, Glox- Inias and tuberous Begonias, all very beauti- ful in their own spheres and particularly the Begonias, as good varieties are unsurpassed for form and colour. Oh! if we could only incor- Porate more of these qualities in the Cymmbi- diums.
I knew practically nothing about Orchids at this stage, but walking through Paddy’s
Tarket one Friday I saw a species Cymbi- dium Lowianum in flower, which I purchased as my first Orchid. Little did I know at the time what it would do for me, and how sub- Sequently I became interested and what great Pleasure the hobby has given me in the years since.
Looking back, I recall the pleasure that was Mine in the successful purchase of a small piece of a good variety of Cymbidium. The good Ones were hard to purchase years ago and it took a long time to get together a quantity of the best varieties. However, the collection im- Proved and so did my culture and I found good growing produced good flowers. Cymbi- diums grown in sweet open compost and Watered regularly, and particularly in the Warm months, brought results. “The Orchid Shows appealed to me and, I am sure, are a great incentive to Orchid growers in general as well as being floral feasts for the general Public, the competitive sections in particular being a great attraction. I joined the Orchid Society of N.S.W. in 1941, then the only Orchid Society in Sydney. What a difference Now with a dozen societies in the suburbs and
undreds of members attending their meetings Tegularly. The greatly increased interest in Orchids in Sydney is mainly due to Cymbi- diums, which grow so easily here out of doors, No expense being needed in the construction of
a glass-house and its heating apparatus. The long lasting and very decorative sprays of the Cymbidium have great appeal.
The modern hybrid Cymbidium has so far surpassed the species in colour and quality that in many collections species are not grown and practically never seen at Orchid exhibitions. We have received over the last 12 years many wonderful Cymbidium hybrids from England, mostly arriving as unflowered seedlings. Prob- ably the greatest parent of recent hybrids has been Alexanderi var. Westonbirt; it has lifted the race to a higher plane, giving better tex- ture, size, shape and robust free-flowering plants, the only detraction, if it be so, is to exert its influence in colour, as most of the hybrids in which it appears are white, near white or cream flowers.
Of the hybrids containing Alexanderi var. Westonbirt, 1 would say Swallow was the most outstanding, with Pauwelsii var. magnificum as the other parent, we received Swallow var. magnolia, Swallow var. Soulangeana and Swal- low var. Daffodil, a lovely yellow, and many others. Any good collection of Cymbidiums in Sydney or Melbourne could contain a dozen varieties. I think a reproduction of this cross would be popular. When Pauwelsii var. Comte. de Hemptine replaced Pauwelsii var. magnificum in Swallow the colour changed from mostly white to pink tones, but on plants I have seen the texture was coarse. Plants con- taining Pauwelsii usually show remarkable growth.
Alexanderi var. Westonbirt x Ceres F. J. Hanbury gaye us Louis Sander, another batch of good hybrids of which varieties Kirribilli and Girrahween are noted examples. We have received many show flowers from hybrids such as C. Arabella, C. Cassandra, C. Balkis, C. Sussex, C. Eagle, C. Cygnus and others. Of the coloured types, I would say C. Carisbrook (Ceres x Ralph Sander) would be one of the best, mostly red tones it has given us, among which are some fine colours. But of all the hybrid Cymbidiums to reach Sydney, I am sure GC. Girrahween (Flamenco x Lowianum) was the most sensational, the parentage did not impress growers here and the seedlings were hard to sell. I understand less than two dozen
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plants were imported and practically ail were good, several very good, and two were cham- pions. Girrahween var. Enid and Guirrahween var. Gloria are real champions, while varieties like Redstar, Lenzi, Elaine, Cronulla are very fine Cymbidiums.
What would have happened had we received hundreds of this cross and why has it not been reproduced again? I wonder? Possibly the last war interfered with the production of new hybrids, but we do not seem to be getting any new outstanding Cymbidiums in recent years. I think, to keep the interest keen in growing, we must get good flowers yearly if possible. May we hope some new Australian-raised hyb- rids will fill the gap—they are improving.
Ten years ago one or two growers in Syd- ney started to use tan-bark in their composts, others waited to se if it killed the Orchids or what else might happen. Now it is regarded here as a universal compost for Cymbidiums and, mixed with leaf-mould and possibly some coarse sand, makes a fine mixture. That is, if your tan-bark is of suitable quality and not too acid. I have been unfortunate recently in using some in which the roots of Dendrobiums and Cattleyas refused to enter, the roots turn- ing black when they touched it. I believe the best tan-bark comes from the Black Wattle tree (Acacia decurrens), but~>the main factor is the treatment it receives at the tannery dur- ing the extraction of the tannic acid. If clear water is used and the tan-bark is discarded immediately the acid is extracted, the spent bark should be excellent, but if the bark is re- tained by the tannery and used as a filter for its liquors the bark becomes too acid and has a “gummy” appearance. A pH indication of 5.2 to 5.6 should make a good compost, but
any pH much below 5.0 would be too acid. - Tan-bark used in the manufacture of white- lead for paint should be discarded as unsuit- able.
May I suggest that if you think your tan- bark is too acid it may be advisable to expose it to the weather in small heaps to allow it to be washed by the hose and rain. When rotting down your compost, mix your tan-bark and leaf-mould, etc., together in small heaps, turn- ing it over weekly—remember, warmth, mois- ture and air—to have it ready before the pot- ting season starts.
Cymbidium culture has improved consider- ably over the last 10 years and the use of glass in flowering has given us better flowers for shows. The use of shade has assisted in the perfect flowering of greens, such as the hybrid
AUSTRALIAN ORCHID REVIEW, JUNE, 1952
Cygnus var. Opalescent, a beautiful pastel green, if grown in the shade; whereas if flowered in the sun it develops a cream flower with dirty brown sun marks on the sepals. We find light assists some red flowers, also pinks, or does it? I am not sure that direct sunlight fades out some colours even before the buds are open. We still have a lot to learn in pro- per flowering, but it is interesting and guite worth while. (Refer Mr. Leo Giles article Vol. 16, No. 3, September, 1951, A.O.R.)
I am still sure that the north-east aspect is the best, with protection from the west and south. The use of glass in the form of a modi- fied glass-house may be a suggestion for the future, but it must be moist and cool, not hot and dry, as Cymbidiums do not appreciate these conditions. Go a few hundred miles north to Brisbane and Cymbidiums do not flower well due to the conditions being too warm and, probably, not a sufficient dormant period. Some Cymbidium growers in Southern California place their plants out in lathe houses (bush- houses) during the growing season and then under glass for the winter months and flower- ing.
I mentioned before that tan-bark, leaf-mould and sand make a suitable Cymbidium compost. I have added at different times cow manure, sheep manure, bone meal, hops, but I did not see any improvement in the size or quality of the flowers. I have dropped charcoal from my compcst. I have always been doubtful about it and I found if placed on zinc crocks as added drainage it is a definite menace, a chemical action takes place and all roots turn black at the tips and stop growing immediately they
touch the charcoal. This happened to many
plants of mine.
I give my plants plenty of sunlight, prob- ably tco much in recent years. ‘The leaves yellow slightly, but I get plenty of flowers. I would suggest 50-50 per cent. sun and shade on a one-way trellis with thin wood battens and narrow spaces between. Some growers are having heavy gauge din. or jin. mesh wire placed over their plants for shade and protec- tion from hail. This is an advance step as hail can ruin a collection of flowers in five minutes for the season.
Watering is a constant job for an Orchid grower. One seems to spend years of his life at the end of a hese. From October to March it was my practice to water almost every day when no rain was about. I have changed this policy recently to watering my Cymbidiums about three times during the week at night,
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keeping the hose more on the compost and not so much overhead. This I did to harden the growths so that they can withstand the sun’s Tays and not burn or turn black as has been the case with many growers in recent years. So far this year I see no signs of scald on the growths or pseudo-bulbs. I have also reduced the quantity cf sand in the compost to assist In retaining moisture. ‘Ge
As the summer passes and autumn approaches flower spikes begin to appear. See that they face the north, but don’t place them across a path where they will be broken off. I have done this myself. The winter flowering types Open their flowers to start the season which teaches its peak in September. What wonder- ful things Cymbidiums are! and thousands
ave never seen or heard of them! I am pre- Paring for a show my three best flowers. I have two goods ones, but the third may let me down. Can I muster three colours? I have Plenty of greens, but not a yellow. Or per-
aps I have a red and a yellow, but cannot find a suitable third. Yes! It happens every year,
Well, all good things come to an end, so the flower season ends, when there is work to
o—re-potting. It has been common practice to re-pot Cymbidiums as soon as possible after flowering to give them a long growing season So that the pseudo-bulbs will make up in time to flower the following season. This is good Ogic and is adopted successfully in most cases.
ut some varieties of Cymbidiums resent being cut up and practically collapse. Green and yel- Ow flowering types being particularly bad in this regard. Transpiration of water from the €aves and no intake by the roots cause the bulbs to shrink and the plants get in a dis- tressed way, sometimes passing out.
When you cut and re-pot a Cattleya or Den- drobium you wait until new roots start to appear; why not do this with a Cymbidium?
Suggest with bad types you do not re-pot until Toot tips are growing again or, better still, Sever the pseudo-bulbs but leave them together in the pot and do not re-pot until, say, January or later, when root action would be stronger, this method would be the best for the difficult Ones like Grand Monarch var. Exquisitum,
Oyance and some grandiflorum hybrids. An- Other way to combat pseudo-bulbs shrinking is to spray the leaves all over with a mucilage °f gum to stop transpiration from the leaves.
Cannot give any results of this method.
Pests. Through the years I have had little trouble with pests among Cymbidiums grown
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out of doors. One year small birds (Bul-Buls) wrecked the buds, but I now hang pieces of mirror above the plants and have not had any more trouble. Brown scale appears on an odd plant, but it is removed without much bother. The soft black and white scale is more trouble- some and it must be checked. It can be removed easily by hand, but I find the spray “Folidol” is the best I have used to control it. The ants appear to move this soft scale about the plants and after rain it seems to multiply very quickly.
Cymbidiums are hardy plants and are not troubled much with diseases, but there are two which I must mention. Very little research has been done on Orchids in this country and we have not learnt much about their diseases in the last 10 years. Black rot is a definite ‘“‘killer” and you must act quickly to save any portion of a Cymbidium that shows evidence of being affected. I think black rot is caused by plants being subjected to damp cold conditions, being kept tco damp, too long. A rot starts in a cut rhizome or through a rotted root The flesh of the pseudo-bulbs and rhizome turns black and goes soft and the plant soon gets beyond aid. The number of plants affected this year has been greater than usual and you will recall the abnormal weather of last winter. ] am sure this is the reason for so many growers com- plaining of divisions of Cymbidiums rotting since last potting season. A good open compost and attention to drainage is the best insurance against this loss.
The Cymbidium Mosaic or virus disease at- tacks the plants in a different way. Although not a “killer” like black rot, it checks the roots, stunts the growth and reduces the quality of the flowers. You will find it acts differently in certain plants. Possibly some Cymbidiums re- sist the disease more than others. A lighter green or yellow mottling, spotting or striping appears in the new growth and this is usually the first visible indication of its presence. It seems definitely proved to be a virus, but as to its origin or whether it is identifiable with other plant viruses is not established as yet. The experiments of the American pathologist, Dr. D. D. Jensen, in which he took leaf sap from a diseased plant and mixed it in the leaf sap of a number of healthy Cymbidiums, many of which subsequently showed that they had developed the disease, proves that the virus can be transmitted from one plant to another by inoculation. Aphids have been mentioned as carriers and I would include all leaf-sucking insects as capable of transferring the disease. On the face of the above, we should isolate
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diseased plants, if any, from our collections. The cutting of pseudo-bulbs in making divisions could also be a means of spreading the. disease.
But this does not answer one problem in potting. Many growers have divided and re- potted plants with care and pulled some apart where no knife was used. The cuts have been sealed with lime or sulphur and after some months the new growths in some pieces will appear clean and healthy and occasionally a growth will show signs of virus. If the disease has been lying dormant in the original plant one would expect the whole plant to be affected and that all the divisions would show signs of virus.
Another observation: I have received over the years many pieces of Cymbidiums from other States grown in glass-houses. When re- ceived the divisions appeared to be perfectly healthy, but after being placed in sunny posi- tions in the bush-house many soon showed signs of mosaic in the leaves and consequently grew poorly. I have tried the reverse to this and placed diseased Cymbidiums under shady glass and after a season’s growing the markings on the leaves practically disappeared, the plants appearing in better health, but I am sure enemy “virus” is still lying dormant within. One or two growers here inform me they have effected a cure for the virus disease, but I think it is too early at this stage to say anything further. I have improved two “sick” plants myself, but would like to see another year’s growth before being reasonably sure of a permanent cure.
You may find that after you have collected most of the best varieties of Cymbidiums and have flowered them year after year interest wanes just a little as one begins to notice the big gap in the months after flowering until the next flowering starts—at least six months. Your thoughts will turn towards some other genera that flower during this period of in- activity in Cymbidium flowering between November and May. This will mean a glass- house with an arrangement for heating it. After years of growing Cymbidiums many Orchid enthusiasts take the next step in build- ing a glass-house to try their skill at growing Cattleyas, Vandas, Dendrobiums, etc. They will find that the knowledge they have obtained in growing Cymbidiums will stand them in good stead with the glass-house culture.
I do not propose to talk on glass-house con- struction, most growers have. different ideas on size, location, type, etc., but I will mention a few things that should not be overlooked. Build your house away from shade of trees or
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AUSTRALIAN ORCHID REVIEW, JUNE, 1952
buildings, see that it will not catch the shade of a neighbour’s tree that may grow taller in years to come—a glass-house in the shade is useless—use putty that will not crack in a year or two. Cover all vents top and bottom with fine gauze copper mesh wire to keep out all pests, including moths. I have a water supply installed so that mist sprays can be fitted under the benches. Call and get ideas from other growers who already have glass-houses; they will help you and probably tell you of their mistakes.
The construction cost may deter some, especially the cost of heating the house. For a small house the latter can be kept down by installing the new blue flame kerosene heaters, they are excellent. Some growers just place them in the house anywhere, but I think if placed under the benches and the exhaust carried underneath the bench and piped up to the top of the house it makes a good heating arrangement. Ordinary 3in. downpipe can be used.
So I built myself a glass-house to hold about 300 plants. It is long and narrow and facing the north-east, a lean-to type against a stone I filled it with ferns, mosses, foliage plants to create humidity, most important in the growing of glass-house Orchids, especially in the warm season. As I purchased Orchids I replaced some of the plants not required. My first choice was for Cattleyas. I always wanted to grow Cattleyas. I felt I was not an Orchid grower until I had grown some of the “Queen of Flowers” and, to my surprise, I found they were just as easy to flower as Cymbidiums and a lot less work. For Cattleyas I considered that I required a house with a minimum tempera- ture of approximately 55deg. F. in winter, then I should be able to grow some Vandas, hybrid Dendrobiums, Calanthe, Phalaenopsis, Miltonias and a few “Slippers” as well as tropical odds and ends.
I soon found it difficult to purchase hybrid Cattleyas (B.C. §.L.C. and L.C.) in Sydney so I ordered some unflowered seedlings from England. They arrived in different stages of growth. I potted some in straight tan-bark, some in local Todea fibre and some in a mix- ture of both. All have grown well and I can- not say which compost produced the best growth. I water them, say, once or twice a week in the growing period and once a week during the rest of the year. With the Cattleyas I imported some hybrid Dendrobiums, namely, Gatton Monarch, A.M., Montrose, F.C.C., Gatton Sunray, Model, Rose Marie, Bali,
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Yule, Ceylon Glory, etc., including unflowered seedlings. I potted them in similar composts to Cattleyas and they grew like weeds, the flowers making a great show. I found that the tan-bark compost, although the plants grow well in it, is too soft to support the tall leads and I am gradually re-potting them into fibre to give support and keep the plants upright.
I also included some North Queensland Dendrobiums, namely, D. bigibbum var. Phal- aenopsis, D. superbiens, D. bigibbum var. Schroderianum and hybrids from these as well as several hybrids from Hawaii. These Den- drobiums flower through the autumn and win- ter and the flowers last several weeks. I push them along with plenty of water and a little manure during their short growing season and very little water when the plants are at rest. In fact, the dormant period of Cattleyas, Den- drobiums and Calanthes is rather tantalizing to a Cymbidium grower, the urge to give them a squirt with the hose more often than is good for their health takes some suppressing. I like growing Dendrobiums as they show results in big leads for good culture.
Vandas are another favourite of mine. I Managed to’ start off with large plants of /. tricolor and V’. suavis, as they grow very easily under glass in Sydney and flower well; these two are good to practise on. Strap-leafed Vanda hybrids such as V. flammerole (V. coerulea x V. Luzonica), violet blue, and /. Gilbert Triboulet are well worth having, they flower at least twice a year for me. I have man- aged to import a number of seedling Vanda hybrids of V. Sanderiana and V. coerulea which are growing well, but have not yet reached the flowering size. The semi-terete types grow well, ut are harder to flower. The fully terete group such as /’. teres or V. Miss Joaquim are Very difficult to flower in Sydney under glass and I think I shall send mine for a ride up North.
I pot Vandas in large pots with a very open Compost of crocks and large lumps of tree-fern fibre topped with Sphagnum Moss. The com- Post is kept moist all the year. /’andas take up a lot of space in a glass-house and their roots wander about, but they give the house a tropi- cal atmosphere. My house will look better when I capture a plant of Vanda Sanderiana— this one has evaded me.
Now the lovely Phalaenopsis. 1 had to get a few of these with their long-lasting perfect flowers. I keep them down at the warmest end of the house, as they require heat and moisture,
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but also shade. See that no direct sunlight through the glass shows on the leaves, as they will burn, and a Phalaenopsis without good leaves is in trouble. Try them in pots filled with crocks, lumps of old cow manure and tree- fern fibre. Place the plants near the edge of the pots so that the leaves may hang over the sides. This allows water to drain away easily from the leaf axils and prevents rotting. Hang the plants, if possible, away from pests. Water like Vandas and never dry out the compost.
Half a dozen Calanthe (deciduous) hybrids have been included. Their foliage is attractive and their flowers last several weeks in winter. I grow them in 4 Cymbidium mixture and 4 cow manure in 6in. and 8in. pots. I give them plenty of water during the summer and prac- tically none after flowering, when the pseudo- bulbs go to rest. My house is beginning to fill up, but I had to include a few Miltonia hyb- rids. M. Velvet Charm, M. Woodlands, etc., are wonderful colours — red, scarlet and pet- unia. I grow them at the coolest end with extra shade. Some are in tan-bark, but I think fibre is better and does not hold moisture so long. I found they have a definite rest after flowering, so do not re-pot until root action starts. I also noted they do not grow much in the hot mid-summer months, but prefer cooler weather. Not too large pots, 4in. or Sin. are suitable for small plants. Try a few;+they take up very little space. Many flowers are perfumed and last several weeks.
Cypripediums. I had quite a few of these, but reduced them considerably as I. think the house is too warm. I still have a few at the cool end with Miltonias, growing them in tan-bark straight. About February and March water must not be allowed to lie in leaf axils if buds are forming, as they may rot off. I tried a few Odontoglossums and Odontiodas, but they did no good as my conditions are too warm. I am sure a special air-conditioned house is necessary to grow these genera in Sydney.
The house is now full, but I manage to cram in a few odds and ends. Oncidium vari- cosum on a block of tree-fern fibre and hung up. I tried this species in tan-bark, but the roots would not penetrate the compost—it may have been faulty tan-bark, but I keep to fibre now. Angraecum eburneum grows and flowers easily with the Vandas, affording it the same compost and watering. I also tried a few species from the tropics such’ as Rhyncostylis retusa, a small plant with pretty sprays that are pink and white. It flowers in December. Renanthera
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coccinea has bright red flowers. Aerides Field- ingit and A. odoratum, which flowers at Xmas and is perfumed.
Yes! glass-house growing is easy provided you have a buoyant atmosphere, plenty of light, high humidity in the growing season and keep pests under control. Pest control in a glass- house requires more attention than in a bush- house. Besides several different types of scale we get red spider, thrips, etc. Quite a num- ber of sprays are recommended, but I use “Folidol” as it seems to do the job. It also kills caterpillars. Care must be taken not to inhale too much and that it does not touch your hands or face. If you are troubled with slaters (wood bugs) a strong spray of “Rul- ene’ or a D.D.T. mixture three times a year on walls, benches and floor will keep them out of your house. “Take Cattleya, Dendrobium and Phalaenopsis flowers cutside before spray- ing the house.
Not only has Cymbidium culture improved in recent years, but also glass-house culture. It was good to see such a wonderful collection of exhibits shown at the recent March meeting. It cannot now be said that we only grow Cym- bidiums in Sydney. The interest in the hobby is increasing greatly in many countries of the world, new societies are forming and the grow- ing of Orchids is becoming international. In New South Wales, particularly Sydney, the increased interest in recent years is amazing. Possibly the Orchid shows and the wonderful Orchid festivals in Sydney, staged by the Orchid Society of N.S.W. and affliated societies, have been a means of attracting more people into the hobby.
During my term as President of the O.S. of N.S.W. I had the pleasure of meeting many keen Orchid growers from overseas, who all showed great interest in the hobby, appreciating anything we had to show them in Orchids or their culture. The hobby will continue to grow. I cannot see an end to the interest created in this country and overseas. The use of air freight has been a great benefit and when cur- rency restrictions are lifted and we can obtain plants at will from all parts of the world, fur- ther interest will be created. The growing of Orchids is a sufficient passport and an assur- ance of a warm welcome in most countries of the world. I wish all Orchid people the very best of good growing. ,
—59 Drumalbyn Rd., Bellevue Hill, N.S.W.
AUSTRALIAN ORCHID REVIEW, JUNE, 1952
© GENERAL PATTON v. STALIN.—
The rules governing botanical and horticultu- ral nomenclature are very simple. When a name has been adopted and published it stands for all time. Botanists sometimes discover that a plant known under one name is not really entitled: to it as some one gave it a different name years earlier and therefore the priority rule comes into force. We may be irritated, but the rule must stand nevertheless, or confusion would be worse confounded. A_ beautiful Cattleya raised by Messrs. Black and Flory as the result of crossing C. Angus with C. Gloriette was named Cattleya x Stalin and re- gistered as such. This name was disliked by many people, and for fairly obvious reasons, so the raisers considered that C. x General Pat- ton was a better title. Alas! much as we might prefer this name, the fact remains that the rules admit of no alteration. “The whole story is unfortunate and complications arose when a full-page advertisement appeared in the De- cember, 1951, issue of the American Orchid Society’s Bulletin. This showed a portrait of General Patton in battle dress, with the words “The General Patton Story. In response to a request from Rivermont Orchids and Black and Flory, the Royal Horticultural Society has removed the name of Marshal Stalin from C. Angus x C. Glorietta and renamed it in honour of General Patton.” But, apart from the ques- tion of authority, Mr. Gurney Wilson, Chair- man of the Royal Horticultural Society Orchid Committee, and Lord Aberconway, President of the R.H.S., made it abundantly clear on January 8th, at a meeting of the Orchid Committee, that no such request had been received, and even if it had the request could not have been granted. Moreover, the advertisement itself contains two errors: Mar- shal Stalin instead of Stalin and Glorietta in- stead of Gloriette. Unfortunately, “Glorietta” appears on page 47 of Sanders List of Orchid Hybrids, but in all the numerous cross re- ferences the “a” gives place to “e.” The choice of a name for a hybrid Orchid or a garden variety of a chrysanthemum or rose is not a matter to be treated without due consideration, as the decision may make or mar its popularity once the name has been published—“The Mov- ing Finger writes; and having writ, moves on; nor all your Piety nor Wit shall lure it back to cancel half a Line, nor all your Tears wash out a Word of it.” What Omar Khayyam wrote in 1123 is still true. The Orchid Re- view, February, 1952, page 18.—E. Peckover, 44 Chandos St., Crows Nest, N.S.W.
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Tan Bark
Its Composition and Acidity H. R. G. POATE (Dr.)
® As far back as September, 1939, there ap- peared in the Australian Orchid Review (Vol. 4, No. 3, p. 80) some ‘Analyses of Common Orchid Composts” carried out by Mr. L. C. Home, of Brisbane. Since then, tan-bark has become one of the most popular of media for composts, particularly in growing Cypripe- diums and Cymbidiums. Although I have en- quired and searched widely in the literature,
I have been unable to find an analysis of tan- bark, but on mentioning it to my friend, Dr. Breyer, who is a member of the staff of the Faculty of Agriculture at the University of Sydney, he suggested that this could be done at the Soil Section of this Department, and he has now sent the following analysis, which I have tabulated to compare with those presen- ted by Mr. Home:—
Organic Matter and Moisture .. sn C11) ea pe PTD Weraesitiiy Seine Ress ks eR se Otas nO ben omkctre ARE etal «ke Phosphorus meee eee Temegrmere | oe — they (E15 INS{O}))) SS Le ILTOSEN pe ne ee seta Satna eis cei asf ilica os See PT Ache a emt iD age ata (It was not practicable to obtain figures for the sulphur and phosphorus content.) DH et valucn aennt. See Aaah eet. DRA paki aie
Percentages Fresh — Stag- Poly- Todea Osmunda Tan- horn podium bark O7n0 ween 200 97.96 96.89 96.75
1.32 0.98 0.44 0.17 0.15 0.14 0.07 0.03 0.12 0.11 0.02 0.09 0.16 0.89 0.14 — 0.02 0.08 0.12 0.16 0.10 1.20 0.29 0.44 0.88 1.36 1.59 1.13 0.91 0.74 0.38 — 1.64 0.45 1.20
6.1 4.99 3.77 — 4.26
Mr. Home gave the analyses of Staghorn Peat, Polypodium fibre, Todea fibre and Osmunda fibre, and the chief difference be- tween these and tan-bark is that the latter has a relatively high content of calcium and mag- Nesium with a low potassium content, but its PH is not nearly so acid. With regard to the PH value, however, this seems rather variable, as Mr. Birdsall has given me the figures from three different tanneries as it comes direct from the pit as “N” = 4.2, “F” = 5.2 and
B” = 5.6 (see footnote).
We then estimated the pH of some tan-bark which had lain out of doors for about six Months and this was found to be 5.3. In view of this finding that the acidity increases as time passes, the pH of newly mixed and a six Months’ old compost was investigated and con-
tmed this observation, as the fresh mixture
Mainly new tan-bark and leaf-mould) gave a DH of 6.8, whereas the six months’ old compost had become more acid and its pH was 6.1. This crease in acidity is due to the breaking down Of the glucosides in the tan-bark into oxalic and cther organic acids.
The lesson to be learnt from this is that com- post should be made up for at least three months before use and that it is wiser to use, say, equal parts of old and new tan-bark, as the former will be all right for the immediate needs of the plants, whilst the latter will, in due course, increase in acidity and thus main- tain a correct balance. This procedure, as a result of practical experience, has been advoca- ted among others by Messrs. Slattery (A.O.R., March, 1947) and Birdsall (A.O.R., Septem- ber, 1949), whilst Dr. Vote (A.O.R., June, 1943) and Mr. Begg (A.O.R., June, 1946) both advised the use of “old” tan-bark as dis- tinct from the new. Mr. Home (A.O.R., March, 1939), in discussing the pH of com- posts, quotes, I think, Mr. Metcalf, of San Francisco (A.O.R., March, 1938), who states that for Orchids of the epiphytal type the optimum range is 5.75 to 6.0, whilst for the terrestrial type it is 6.75 to 7.0. Mr. Home re- fers to a fungus of the Rhizoctonia type which lives in symbiosis with the Orchid roots which functions best at pH 5.0 to 5.5 to maintain an acid compost. Dr. Jaede and Mr. Slade
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(A.O.R., September, 1938) for this reason suggest maintaining a compost as near 4.8 as possible by the application of a “buffered” acid solution. A stock solution made by mixing 12 parts of glacial acetic acid and 41 parts of pure sodium acetate in 1,000 parts of water by using one ounce (2 tablespoons) to one gallon of water, and it is then applied to the compost around some plants once a week as an experi- ment. Personally, I feel that such a high acidity, although beneficial to Cattleyas and Dendrobiums, is not necessary for Cymbidiums or Cypripediums and prefer to aim at the ranges first mentioned in Mr. Home’s article.
I may mention here my own experience with Cypripediums which were not doing so well as they should, so some three years ago I potted them in fresh tan-bark. They kept on much the same the first year, but the next year showed a very vigorous growth and increased flowering, presumably due to the rise in acidity and more readily assimilable organic and mineral matter from the ageing of the tan- bark, as all other factors remained the same, and the pH of cur Sydney water is neutral at 7 to 7.2, so would not affect the pH of the compost. It would seem that the best mixture for Cypripediums would be equal parts of fresh and old tan-bark with some Polypodium or Osmunda fibre as these have a relatively high acidity and would help to maintain a correct pH. For Cymbidiums I do not think we need such an acid compost, but as they are gross feeders some leaf-mould is essential, and they may benefit in the actively growing stage with occasional light applications of a liquid manu- rial solution. For Cattleyas and Dendrobiums the more acid fibres are necessary with perhaps a little tan-bark.
In the No. 1 issue of A.O.R., January, 1936, Mr. P. A. Gilbert refers to the value of slaked lime in Orchid culture to overcome sourness in compost. This was before pH was thought of for composts, and it may have been that toc high an acidity was developed which was corrected by the alkaline lime. I have seen mention of the use of lime by other writers at various times and it must be confusing to amateur growers to know just how to regulate pH, but if the surface of the compost becomes
‘firm, dry-looking and green, lime wash will clear it. I notice Mr. Murray Cox (A.O.R., December, 1939) consistently advises the use of lime water for Cattleyas or other Orchids with much Osmunda or Todea fibre in their compost, usually about three months after pot-
AUSTRALIAN ORCHID REVIEW, JUNE, 1952
ting and two or three months later he uses some manurial solution.
I wish to thank Dr. Breyer and the staff of the Faculty of Agriculture for their help with the analysis and the pH estimation.
Footnote:—The variations in the pH values of the tan-bark mentioned are probably due to the amounts of tan-bark and water used, and the time and method of mixing it for the solution to be tested.
—38 Victoria Rd., Bellevue Hill, N.S.W.
© “WILD ORCHIDS OF BRITAIN,” by V. S. Summerhayes. This is a most delightful book, written by the Orchid specialist of Kew Gardens. Probably few Australian readers were aware that no less than 50 species of Orchids are natives of the British Isles. Mr. Summer- hayes’s book is illustrated by 61 colcur photo- graphs (mostly of plants in situ) and 38 plates in black and white; the type and paper are excellent and it is astonishing that such a beautiful book, in these days of high costs, can be produced at such a moderate price. ‘The colour photographs are exquisite—a triumph of photographic art.
As for the text, it is written in simple lan- guage that can be easily followed by any amateur; while the position held by the author, who is in charge of the famous Orchid collec- tion at the Kew Herbarium, is sufficient guar- antee of its reliability. “The first chapter, on “The Life History of the Orchid Plant,” should be studied by every lover of Orchids, irrespective of whether his interest is mainly on the aesthetic or the botanical side of the sub- ject. We cannot be too grateful to Mr. Sum- merhayes for this admirable book.
—H.M.R.R., 19/4/52.
® QUEENSLAND ORCHID SOCIETY. —At the Annual General Meeting held on February 8, 1952, the following officers were elected for 1952-1953:—Patron, E. J. Beard; President, IT. C. Harveyson; Vice-Presidents (Metropolitan), J. P. McPhee, S. H. Phil- lips, R. G. Ferguson; (Country), A. Wilkie, T. J. Cotter, A. G. Cullimore; Honorary Sec- retary, S. H. Phillips; Honorary Treasurer, J. P. McPhee; Hon. Technical Adviser, Profes- sor D. A. Herbert; Hon. Editor, T. E. Hunt; Hon. Auditor, E. J. Beard; Committee, A. Bensley, C. O. Dunn, F. A. Farr, C. A. Hils- den, J. R. McGaw, E. Otley, G. L. Piper, ~ C. G. Williams.
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Page 54 AUSTRALIAN ORCHID REVIEW, JUNE, 1952 |
CYMBIDIUM X NEVILLE CHAMBERLAIN
Class 14—Best Australian Seedling: First Prize, O.S. of N.S.W., Orchid Festival, 1951. Raised and grown by N. L. Webster. Photo by W. Harris
AUSTRALIAN ORCHID REVIEW, JUNE, 1952 Page 55
CYMBIDIUM X ADELE SANDER var. NARCISSUS
Award of Distinction, 1950, O.S. of N.S.W. Owner: L. H. Newman, Reg. No. 176 Natural size, 44 inches across petals.
ALAN R. BEGG 4, PACKING ORCHIDS
President, The Orchid Society of New South (See page 57)
Wales, 1949-1951
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AUSTRALIAN ORCHID REVIEW, JUNE, 1952
Page 57
Orchids for Export
PETER BLACK
© The ordinary man, wherever he may be in the world, who buys English Orchids can have very little conception of what takes place be- hind the scenes before he receives his plants.
The Orchid nursery, such as we have in England, which specializes in the raising of Plants for sale in contrast to the establishment which raises plants in order to obtain revenue from the sale of cut flowers, is beset by Numerous problems—problems, indeed, which seem to have the habit of increasing with every Passing year.
The main worry is, of course, to anticipate the market. It is no good embarking on a scheme of breeding if the result, after seven Years or so, turns out to be a flower of a shape Or of a combination of colours which is un- Popular, and there is very little to go by in forecasting what will be in’ favour seven years ence.
At the present time, for instance, yellow attleyas are popular in some parts of the World and only mildly interesting to others. White Cattleyas with a coloured lip have been immensely popular in most parts of the United tates of America—and still are—but there is a trend to be observed where pure white Cattleyas—i.e., Cattleyas with white sepals and petals and a pure white lip—are being en- Couraged—possibly by people who have raised these and not whites with coloured lips.
In the U.S.A., too, the red Odontoglossums and, perhaps, red Cymbidiums find few sup- Porters, but in Australia and New Zealand these colours are popular.
The Orchid raiser, therefore, who is always on the look-out for something new, must cud- gel his brains with success or find very rapidly that he is a back number.
It is very small consolation to a grower, to cross two very beautiful flowers, to raise suc- cessfully a batch of several thousand seedlings, and then, after years of careful cultivation, to discover that they are in disfavour because of some temporary unpopular pattern of colour. If, however, he negotiates this hurdle in safety and raises many crosses which turn out. to be desirable, he has still to face other problems.
Political and economic motives force ccun- tries overseas frequently to raise barriers against the importation into their respective states of what may -be termed “luxuries.” These barriers may be simply tariff barriers or, worse than this, there may suddenly be an embargo placed upon live plants altogether. Sometimes the reason for this is given as “ohyto-pathological.” We English growers often feel that the phyto-pathological reason is introduced for other than phyto-pathological causes, and in cases like this it is very difh- cult to make any headway. There have been several outstanding cases in recent Orchid his- tory which have caused the English Orchid industry grave concern and grave financial loss, through the inspection and fumigation of Orchid plants, ostensibly to control potential diseases, but which have had the affect of kill- ing numbers of valuable plants—sometimes of irreplaceable specimens.
Although cne’s sympathies must always be
TMP. pera 1 Sia toseiy tle edt sei aby send eR SE Es reer eer
THE KEY TO THE ILLUSTRATIONS OF PACKING ORCHIDS FOR EXPORTATION.
1. The plant, having been knocked out of pot and having had two or three days of gradual tying, is here being wrapped in tissue paper which is then bound firmly in twine. All the com- Post is left on the plant which acts as extra packing. The plant is partially dried for lightness
transit by air, and because it will be healthier in eit
her the extremes of heat or cold. Wood-
Wool is best kept away from Orchid compost, hence the tissue paper.
2. Prepared plants being placed in a cardboard carton with “ball-end” at the ends of the Carton, and leaves carefully interlaced in the centre of the case. Note the wooden strut hold- ing the plants firmly down at the nearer end of the case.
3. Cases packed, before the lids are shut down. Note the struts, woodwool and interlaced €aves. These boxes will stand a very great deal of handling without ill-effect to the plants.
2 Cases destined for Australia through India are having a final canvas “overcoat” pulled on. his is in two halves and when both are in position, they are sealed with the wide adhesive tape.
5, The canvas “overcoat” being sealed with adhesive tape. This renders the case insect and Isease proof to accord with the regulations enforced by India and Pakistan through which
territories the consignment will pass.
Otographed at the Black and Flory Orchid Nursery, Slough, Buckinghamshire, England.
Page 58
with the importing country which insists that importations should be free from disease or insect pests, it is small consolation to lose plants and be unable to obtain retribution, financial or ctherwise, through their destruction. It has been, perhaps, significant that the imposition of strict regulations on the importation of live plants has been placed by authorities of coun- tries that are full of the very diseases which the authorities are attempting to exclude.
With the advance of air transport and the improvement in the comfort of aeroplanes from the point of view of the passenger, the sending of perishable cargo by air has increased enormously even since the war. Pressurized compartments for air cargo have rendered the exporting of live plants a very safe procedure, but, again, the human element itself comes into the matter ence more, and however much the exporter is assured that his shipment will be cared for, nay cherished, by the air-carrying company, there is always a risk, albeit a small one in most cases, that the box of plants being transferred from one aircraft to another will be left just for that hour which is sufficient to do the damage, in the boiling sun or in the below-zero freezing cold. There is practically no risk nowadays of plants being damaged while in flight, thanks to the enthusiastic co- operation of the air companies. Because of this co-operation, and because of their careful handling of consignments of Orchid plants, these are now packed in what at one time would have been regarded as much too flimsy containers. It is not generally realized that at the present time, one can travel by air from London to any part of the world in seven days, except, of course, to those countries behind the “‘ferriferous drapery.”
English growers send plants to nearly fifty different sovereign states each year. Their most important customer, from the point of view of number of plants and cf value, has been for many years, and still is, the United States of America; but Australia runs very close in- deed. The list of places to which Orchids are sent makes very romantic reading and, perhaps, the layman would be puzzled to know why Orchids are sent to the very places from which their species were derived, such as Colombo and Costa Rica; Borneo and Malaya. There is no knowing from whence inquiries will arrive, and we often wonder how they grow Cattleyas in Fiji or in Trinidad—one of these days we intended to go and see.
—C/o Black & Flory, Slough, ‘Buckinghamshire, England.
AUSTRALIAN ORCHID REVIEW, JUNE, 1952
SPRING ORCHID SHOWS (1952)
The following Orchid Societies and Clubs will hold their Annual Shows during August and September :—
Hornsby-Kuring-gai Orchid — Society.—Soldiers’ Memorial Hall, Killara, August 9th.
Eastern Suburbs (Sydney) Orchid Society—sSt. Stephen’s Hall, Bellevue Hill, August 16th.
Western Suburbs Orchid Society——Police Boys’ Club, Deane Street, Burwood, August 29th and 30th.
Parramatta and District Orchid Society.—City Hall, Parramatta, September 4th, 5th, 6th.
Eastwood and District Orchid Circle—Masonic Hall, Rowe St., Eastwood, September 5th and 6th.
Mosman Home Gardeners’ Association—Town Hall, Mosman, September 5th and 6th.
North Shore Orchid Society—TYown Hall, Chats- wood, September 5th and 6th.
Sydney Orchid Club—TYown Hall, Marrickville, September 20th.
St. George Orchid Society—Palais Grande, Rock- dale, September 27th.
Earlwood District Orchid Society—VYown Hall, Marrickville, September 27th.
Orchid Club of South Australia—Liberal Club Hall, Adelaide, September 15th, 16th, 17th.
Victorian Orchid Club—Town Hall, Melbourne, September 9th, 10th, 11th.
Orchid Society of New South Wales—Town Hall, Sydney, September 9th, 10th, 11th, 12th.
Illawarra District Orchid Society——St. Michael’s Hall, Church St., Wollongong, September 6th.
Newcastle Orchid Society—City Hall, Newcastle, September 18th, 19th, 20th.
® ORCHID CLUB OF SOUTH AUS- TRALIA.—At the Annual General Meeting, held on February 7, the following officers were elected :—Patron, The Premier, Hon. I. Play- ford; President, L. H. B. Hudd; Vice-Presi- dents, F. H. De Rose, E. Ford; Committee, Dr. M. E. Chinner, Dr. T. L. McLarty, R. J. Langdon; Hon. Secretary-Treasurer, H. C. England.
® GUIANA FORESTS.—“‘In some parts of these forests I saw the Vanilla growing luxuriantly. It creeps up the trees to the height of thirty or forty feet. I found it difficult to get a ripe pod, as the monkeys are very fond of it and generally took care to get there before me. The pod hangs from the trees in the shape of a little scabbard.’—-C. Waterton (Wander- ings in South America).
/ URE eee eae ee a Men
AUSTRALIAN ORCHID REVIEW, JUNE, 1952
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Gleanings from Overseas Orchid Periodicals A. R. PERSSON
© It is with some elation that we observe the Progress we make in overcoming our difficulties while coaxing our Orchids to prosper and flower. If our plants do a little better this year than last year, we feel we are achieving some- thing.
One way of accelerating this progress is to closely study, as well as circumstances permit, the overseas literature. The American Orchid journals, particularly, are generous in their disclosures of new techniques and frank in their
iscussions. You cannot urge tco strongly upon
the Orchid Clubs or Societies of which you may be a member that they should endeavour to maintain their libraries up-to-the-minute.
The American Orchid Society publishes a monthly bulletin free to all members at home and abroad. The subscription to the Society is Seven dollars. The Orchid Digest, published by the Orchid Society of