-F INDIAN NOTES
AND MONOGRAPHS

A SERIES OF PUBLICA-
TIONS RELATING TO THE
AMERICAN ABORIGINES

VOL. III, No. 1

NEW YORK

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HEYE FOUNDATION

1919

Publications of the Museum of the
American Indian, Heye Foundation

THE GEORGE G. HEYE EXPEDITION
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ICAN ARCHEOLOGY
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The Antiquities of Manabi, Ecuador: A Pre-
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BIBLIOGRAPHY OF FRAY
ALONSO DE BENAVIDES

BY

F. W. HODGE

pps “ee —
Fel ye PPE

2 on he

_ NOV 2 1 2005

{ IRR ADIC SS
me TS PAG be

, 2 *
i ere

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF FRAY ALONSO
DE BENAVIDES

By F. W. HopcE

* BIOGRAPHIC NOTE

F Alonso de Benavides, author of
gQ the Memorial on New Mexico,
LF first published in 1630, very

little is known. Itis gathered
from Fr. Agustin de Vetancurt’s Meno-
logio Franciscano de los Varones mas Sefia-
lados (ed. 1871, p. 428), and from less im-
portant sources, that he was a son of
Pedro Alonso Nieto and Antonia Murato
de Benavides, and that he was born on
the island of San Miguel (evidently the
Sao Miguel of the Azores group) in the
last quarter of the sixteenth century.
The Dicciondrio Enciclopédico Hispano-
Americano (t. 3, p. 445, Barcelona, 1888)
places his birth at about 1610, but this is

INDIAN’ NOTES

III

II]

BENAVIDES

of course a number of years too late, as
he made his vows in the convento (appar-
ently the Convento de Nuestro Padre
San Francisco) of the City of Mexico,
August 12, 1603, later becoming master
of novices in the monastery of Puebla.
When in 1621 New Mexico was erected
into the ‘‘Custédia de la Conversion de
San Pablo,’ Benavides became _ the
Father Custodian, reaching his new field
of labor with twenty-six friars some time
in the following year. Like his religious
associates Benavides was zealous in his
adopted cause, selecting for himself the
hazardous undertaking, during a part of
the time, of propagating the gospel among
the savage Apache of the region of the
upper Gila in what is now southwestern
New Mexico. He was probably relieved
of the guardianship late in 1629, since
his successor, Fray Estevan de Perea
(who left the City of Mexico September
5, 1628, with the twenty-nine other priests
and lay brothers whom the King had de-
creed should be sent to New Mexico in
response to the urgent request of Fray

INDIAN NG Tacs

BIOGRAPHY

Juan de Santander, Commissary-General
of the Indies, made at the solicitation of
Benavides), reached Santa Fe at Easter-
tide, 1629, and from the Memorial itself
we find that Benavides was engaged in
converting visiting Navaho at Santa
Clara pueblo in September of that year.
From a direct statement by Benavides in
the Memorial we are left to surmise that
he did not return to Mexico until 1630,
although according to his letter addressed
to the Padres in New Mexico, written at
Madrid in 1631, he determined as early
as 1628 to go to Mexico. It is quite
certain, at any rate, that he did not leave
New Mexico until after Perea’s arrival,
for the reason above stated as well as
because he was familiar with the begin-
ning of the conversions which Perea had
made (see Perea’s Verdadera Relacién
[1632] and Segunda Relacién [1633], trans-
lated in Land of Sunshine, Los Angeles,
vol. xv, nos. 5, 6, Nov., Dec., 1901). It
was the evident intention of Benavides
to return to New Mexico, there to con-
tinue his missionary labors, for in ‘his

AND MONOGRAPHS

Itt

BENAYVTDES

letter of 1631, above cited, he states that
it was his hope ‘‘to go back there to finish
my days if He will allow me to do so in
the company and service of your Rever-
ences.’ But after reaching the City of
Mexico it seemed wise to the Viceroy and
the Prelates that he should proceed to,
Spain for the purpose of giving to the
King and to the Father-General of the
Franciscan Order, Fray Bernardino de
Siena, an account of ‘‘the more notable
things which had transpired in our Holy
Custody’’ of New Mexico. Benavides
reached Spain, August I, 1630, where, at
Madrid, his Memorial was duly presented.
That it was received with high favor there
would be no doubt even if we had not
word to that effect from Benavides him-
self, for, besides being the direct means
of the granting of the much-desired mis-
sionaries, some of them at the cost of the
Royal exchequer, the report was pub-
lished, by authority, at Madrid in the
same year, at which time Benavides was
Comisario del Santo Oficio. Let us quote
Benavides’ words, in translation, regard-

INDIAN NWO?ES

PRS RENT ENG

ing the reception of the Memorial, written
with characteristic modesty to the Fath-
ers he had left behind in New Mexico:
“With this letter I send to Your Pater-
nities a Memorial in print [de moldel,
which I presen ed to His Majesty and the
Royal Council of the Indies; and it was
so well received in Spain that I think to
issue a second impression for the comfort
of the so many that ask it. Your Pater-
nities must not judge me as curt—as I
well know the Memorial is very much so,
in the much that it lacks and that your
Paternities merit. But I made it thus
brief, although at the cost of not saying
very much that is lacking, solely to con-
strain His Majesty to read it. And not
only did he read it, and those of his Coun-
cil read it all, but it seemed so good to
them that not only have they read it
many times and know it by memory, but
for a second time they have asked me
other [reports] (and in these demands I
have distributed 400 books; and our Most
Reverend Padre General sent them to
Rome to His Holiness [the Pope])—out-

AND MONOGRAPHS

10

Ill

BENAVERES

side of those which I speak of in the
printed Memorial.”

Copies of the Memorial afford internal
evidences that the author’s intention to
reprint the book was put in effect. The
two copies examined (the Edward E.
Ayer copy in the Newberry Library of
Chicago and the copy from the Huth col-
lection now in the Library of Congress)
exhibit certain typographical changes
that make this apparent. For example,
in the Ayer copy (which I take to be of
the first impression), both the odd and
the even pages are numbered in the upper
left-hand corner, while the single mar-
ginal rule is at the right side of the page;
in the Library of Congress copy the odd
pages are correctly numbered in the upper
right-hand corner, and the single rule is
on the inner margin of the page. The
spelling ‘‘Cufii’’ in the heading on page
35 and also in the second line of the text
of this section in the Ayer copy, is
changed to ‘“‘Zufii’’ in the Library of
Congress copy to conform with the or-
thography elsewhere in the text (page 36,

IN DIAN? iOaers

MEW IMPRESSIONS

for example). On page 91 the heading
‘“Reyno de Quivira Aixaos”’ in the Ayer
copy appears as “‘Reyno de Quivira y
Aixaos”’ in the Library of Congress copy,
although why this change should have
been made is not apparent, as it is not
consistent with the references to these
two ‘‘provinces’’ in .the text. Careful
search would probably detect other typo-
graphical changes, but those noted are
sufficient to show that there were at least
two impressions of the Memorial. There
is no doubt, however, that they were
printed from the same type; that is,
without resetting. Curiously enough,
in altering the position of the pagination
of the odd pages above referred to, the
numerous errors in the page numbers
were not corrected.

On the last of April, 1631, Benavides
visited the now-celebrated Mother Maria
de Jests (otherwise known as Maria de
Agreda), abbess of the Convento de la
Concepcién Purisima in the town of
Agreda, on the borders of Aragon and
Castile. This visit, which seems to have

AND MONOGRAPHS

11

BENAWVIT DES

covered a fortnight, was made at the in-
stance of Father-General Siena, who had
informed Benavides that eight years be-
fore he had notice of this remarkable
woman, of how she had apparitions and
revelations concerning the conversions in
New Mexico, and had himself made the
nun a visit. Benavides, who mentions
Mother Maria de Jestis somewhat at
length in the Memorial in connection with
his description of the conversion of the
Jumano Indians, now learned that this
ascetic, who was about twenty-nine years
of age, had made numerous “‘flights’’ to
New Mexico, commencing eleven years
before (in 1620), sometimes making the
journey three or four times in twenty-
four hours. The miracles she claimed to
have performed were marvelous in the
extreme. Benavides received from her a
handwriting, dated May 15, 1631, at-
testing to the truth of her assertions; he
also obtained ‘‘the very habit which she
wore when she made those visits, and
also the veil about which there is a pecu-
liar odor that comforts the soul.’”’ Some

INDIAN -NOAE

PANTO OUE SE SACO

of the tribal names mentioned by Mother
Maria de Jestis, as might be expected,
were, like the journeys themselves, cre-
ations of the imagination; others, it may
be suggested, were derived from the Mem-
orial published the year before.
Benavides’ communication to the
Fathers of New Mexico was published
under the title: ‘‘Tanto que se sacé de vna
carta, que el R. Padre Fr. Alonso de Bena-
vides, Custodio que fué del Nuevo México,
embi6 a los Religiosos de la Santa Custodia
de la Conversion de San Pablo de dicho
Reyno, desde Madrid, el afio de 1631.
Dase a4 la estampa a expensas de vn afecto
a la Religion.’’ (Small 8°. Title, 2 Il. dedi-
catoria, text pp. I-10.) The work was
reprinted in Mexico in 1730, the following
title being extracted from Dr Charles E.
Chapman’s Catalogue of Materials in the
Archivo General de Indias, etc., University
of California Publications in History, vol.
VIII, p. 73, Berkeley, 1919: Tanto que se
saco de uno carta que el R. Padre Fr.
Alonzo de Benavides Custodio que fue del
Nuevo Mexico Embio a los Religiosos de

AND MONOGRAPHS

III

“BENAVEDES

la Santa Custodia de la Conversion de San
Pablo de dicho Reyno, desde Madrid el
afio de 1631. Ympreso en Mexico: Por
Joseph Bernardo de Hogal, Ministro e Ym-
presor del Real y Apostolico Tribunal dela
Santa Cruzada en toda esta Nueva Espana.
Ao de 1730. (16 printed pp., 10.2 by
14.2 cm.) The same letter, together
with the ‘‘Traslado de las razones, que la|.
Bendita Madre Maria de Jesus escribe
d los dichos PP. del Nuevo México, ap-
pears on pp. 331-336 and 337-341, -re-
spectively, of Fr. Francisco Palou’s Rela-
ction EHutstorica de la Vida y A postolicas
Tareas del Venerable Padre Fray Junipero
Serra, Mexico, 1787. Benavides’ Tanto
que sé sacé appears also in Francisco
Javier Clavijero’s Historia dela Antigua 6
Baja California, translated from the Ital-
ian by Nicolas Garcia de San Vicente, pp.
248-252, Méjico, 1852. A translation of
Palou’s Life of Serra, by C. Scott Wil-
liams, with an introduction and notes by
George Wharton James, was published
at Pasadena, California, in 1913.

What is seemingly a copy of the Bena-

INDIAN’ NOT Es

OTHER WRITTEN GS

vides letter is contained in the collection
of manuscripts written or gathered by
the noted scholar José Fernando Rami-
rez, and now in the Museo Nacional of
Mexico. The letter is in volume 11 of
““Extractos y Noticias de Manuscritos
relacionados con la Historia de Mexico”’
(pp. 453 et seq.), and, together with an
accompanying critique by a Jesuit, is
noted by Prof. H. E. Bolton (Guide to
Materials for the History of the United
States in the Principal Archives of Mex-
ico, Washington, Carnegie Institution,
1913, p. 203) as having the title: “‘ Carta
de Fr. Alonso de Benavides en que se da
noticia de las predicaciones que la Madre
Agreda hacia en esptritu & los infieles del
Nuevo México (1631), y fragmentos de la
critica que un Jesuita hizo de esta narra-
cién.”’ Professor Bolton adds the note:
“(The carta is printed with illustrated
title-page, 16 pp., 16mo. The critique
by the Jesuit is apparently original, and
is entitled: ‘Stplica del P. Miguel G[ule-
rrero de la Comp’ de Jhs.. 4 M R® P§ de S
Fran”.’ 5 pp. Only a fragment. The

AND MONOGRAPHS

£5

16

III

B-E NAACED ES

author scouts the idea of kings among the
tribes.)’’ Also noted by Professor Bol-
ton (op. cit., p. 391) is a ‘‘copy of a letter
of Benavides to the missionaries of New
Mexico, made from the original in the
Secretaria de Casa Grande, 1700,” con-
tained in the Archives of the Colegio de la
Santa Cruz de Querétaro, among var-
ious bulls, royal cédulas, and miscellane-
ous papers.

On the authority of Beristain y Sousa,
a Relacion de los grandes tesoros espiritu-
ales y temporales descubiertos con el auxtilio
de Dios en el Nuevo México, por Fr.
Alonso Benavidez, was printed in quarto
in Mexico in 1630; and according to
Cesareo Fernandez Duro (Don Diego de
Penalosa y su Descubrimiento del Reino
de Quivira, Madrid, 1882, p. 132), on
the authority of Fr. Alonso de Posadas,
Benavides published at Madrid, in 1632,
another memorial, ‘‘proponiendo la aper-
tura al comercio de los rios de la bahia del
Espiritu Santo.’”’ It should be borne in
mind that Benavides made a report to
Santander on the conversions in New

LN DIANSWOT as

HODGE — BENAVIDES PL. I
MEMORIAL

QVE FRAY IVAN

DESANTANDERDELA

Ordende fan Francifco,Comiflario General
de Indias,prefentaalaM ageftadCatolica
del Rey don Felipe Qvarto
nueftro Senor.

HECHO PORELPADRE FRAY ALONSO
de Benauides Comiffariodel Santa Oficio, y Cuftodioqueba
Jido de las Prouincias, y mane del
Nueuo-Mexica.
TRATASE ENELDE LOS TESOROSES-
Pirituales, y cemporales, que la dinina Mageftad ha manifeftado
en aquellas canuerliones,y nuevos defcubrimientos , por
media delas Padres defta {trafica Religions

“RES

“BSE Ge

a 13,
PEP PEP

BRke

En Madrid enla ImprentaReal. Ado M. DC. XXX.

TITLE-PAGE OF THE SPANISH EDITION OF. THE
MEMORIAL, 1630. (REDUCED.)

SraNwisH EDITION

Mexico under date of June 20, 1626, as
|mentioned by Santander in his letter to
the King, preceding the Memorial; and
what has only recently become known is
an unpublished manuscript of fifty-eight
pages, in Benavides’ own handwriting,
dated February 12, 1634, which reposes
in the Propaganda Archives in Rome and
in which, as in the printed Memorial,
mention is made of a Historia which
Benavides was preparing. This and cer-
tain collateral manuscripts will be referred
to later.

Benavides was appointed assistant
bishop to the Archbishop of Goa in Por-
tuguese India, probably in the spring of
1634, was consecrated, and, on the death
of the Archbishop, succeeded him. Bena-
vides died about 1664.

THE SPANISH MEMORIAL

The Spanish edition of the Memorial,
printed in 1630, is as follows:

MEMORIAL | QVE FRAY IVAN |
DE SANTANDER DE LA | Orden de
fan Francifco, Comiffario General | de

AND MONOGRAPHS

oN. —tLl, 2.

18

III

BENAVIDES

Indias, prefenta a la Mageftad Catolica |
del Rey don Felipe Qvarto | nueftro
Sefior. | HECHO: POR ELAPADEE
FRAY ALONSO | de Benauides Comif-
fario del Santo Oficio, y Cuftodio que ha |
fido de las Prouincias, y conuerfiones del
| Nueuo-Mexico. | TRATASE EN EL
DE LOS TESOROS ES- | pirituales, y
temporales, que la diuina Mageftad ha
manifeftado | en aquellas conuerfiones, y
nueuos defcubrimientos, por | medio de
los Padr s defta ferafica Religion. | [vi-
gnette and ornaments] |

CON LICENCIA | En Madrid en la
Imprenta Real. Afio M. DC. XXX:

Collation: Title as above, verso blank; letter
of Fray Juan de Santander, pp. I-5; text, pp.
5-107; note by Santander, pp. 107-10[9]. Pp.
I5-I7 are wrongly numbered 51-53; pp. 18-20
are represented by one page numbered 54; p. €0
is misnumbered 66, which is followed by pp. 65-
68; p. 69 is misnumbered 99; p. 85 is misnum-
bered 87; p. 109 is misprinted ro.

Further evidence that the Spanish
Memorial of 1630 was received with high
favor, not only in Spain but throughout
the civilized world, is indicated by the

INDITAM NOTES

HODGE — BENAVIDES Eee

BeQOVESTE

REMONSRATIVE
AV

nO T DESPAGNE
SVR LA CONVERSION
du Nouueau Mexico

Traduite de PEfpagnol en Francois par wn
Religieux del’Ordre de $. Frangois.

A BRVXELLES,

Chez FRANCOIS VIVIEN,
Ag bon Paftcurderriere I’'Hoftel
de Ville. 1631.

TITLE-PAGE OF THE FRENCH EDITION OF THE
MEMORIAL, 1631. (REDUCED.)

PRENCH SEDITION

fact that within four years it appeared
in four other languages.

FRENCH EDITION

In 1631 it was translated into French,
by F. Francois Paludanus, and published
in Brussels with the following title:

REQVESTE | REMONSTRATIVE |
AV | ROY D’ESPAGNE | SVR LA CON-
VERSION | du Nouueau Mexico | Tra-
duite de l’Efpagnol en Fran ois par yn |
Religieux de l’Ordre de S. Francois. | [En-
graving|

A BRVXELLES, | Chez Francois
Vivien,| Au bon Pafteur derriere |’ Hoftel
| de Ville. 1631.

Second titles REQVESTE | REMONSTRA-
TIVE | Que le Reuerendiffime Pere, Frere | Iean
de Santander, Commiffaire | General de |’ Ordre
des Freres Mi- | neurs des Indes, presente a fa
Ma- | jesté Catholique d’Efpagne Phi- | lippe IV.
| Par le Reuerend Pere | Frere Alphonfe de Ben-
auides du mefme Or- | dre, Commiffaire de la
Saincte Inquifi- | tion, & Cuftode de la Prouince
& | Conuerfion du Nouueau- | Mexico. | Ow fe
traicte des threfors, tant fpirituels, que | tem-
porels, que la Majefté diuine a mani- | fefté en

AND MONOGRAPHS

20

III

BENAY TEES

ladite Conuerfion, & nouuelle | defcouuerte, par
l’entremife des Peres de | cet Ordre Seraphique
des Freres Minuers [sic].

Collation: First and second titles as above,
versos blank; Epistre of the translator (signed
F. Francois Paludanus) ‘‘a Son Altesse Serenis-
sime, Madame Isabelle Claire, Evgenie, Infante
d’Espagne,”’ 8 1l.; advertissement dv Traducteur
au Lecteur, 2 Il.; text pp. 1-120. Benavides’
signature appears as ‘‘Frere Alphonse de Ben-
auides’’ at the end of the Memorial proper (p.
II7).

The copy of the French edition in the John
Carter Brown Library, Providence, has a copper-
plate vignette on the title-page. The copy in
the John Gilmary Shea collection of Georgetown
University, Washington, D. C., however, lacks
the vignette, but in its stead is a frame apparently
drawn with a pen. The facsimile plate here
shown is from a photograph of the title-page of
the John Carter Brown copy, kindly furnished
by its former librarian, Mr George Parker Win-
ship.

DUTCH ED TION

A Dutch edition was published at Ant-
werp, also in 1631, with the following
title:

REQVESTE!) |: OFT | VERHAEDS
D welck den Ee we dichften Pater | Fr.
IOANNES DE SANTANDER | Com-

INDIAN NOTES

HODGE — BENAVIDES PL. Ill

REQVESTE

VERHAEL

D'welck den Eerweerdichften Pater
F,. IOANNES DE SANTANDER
Commiffarius Generael der Min-
der-broeders Orden van Indien
prefenteert aen fijn Catholijcke
Majefteyt van Hifpanien Philippus
den LV.
Door den Eerweerdichftett
P,. ALPHONSVS DE BENAVIDES
der felver Orden Commiffarius der H.Inqui-
fitie,ende Cuftos der Provincie ende Bekee-
ac van Nieuvy-Mexicoe

Waer in ghebandele twozt ban de Gbeefte
ehtelfche fcbatren vat die de Goodelicke Geneetuer: ber=
ee Deefr in de boozfs. BWekerringken enbe nieuws
ingben / Booz t'middel ban roe Patces defer
‘febers @jden der er @hinder-bjocders.
Met oorlof ghedruckt
Tot Madrid inde Conincklicke Druckerije. 16 30,

6 netcens/ moanenbe bbe Bou
an efteens / teoonende inde ate
inven guiben Pelluacn, Mus 1631,

TITLE-PAGE OF THE DUTCH EDITION OF THE
MEMORIAL, 1631. (REDUCED.)

DUTCH EDITION

miffarius Generael der Min:|der-broeders
Orden van Indien| prefenteert aen fijn
Catholijcke | Majefteyt van Hifpanien
Philippus | den IV. | Door den Eerweer-
dichften | Pr. ALPHONSVS DE BENA-
VIDES | der felver Orden Commiffarius
der H. Inqui-|fitie, ende Cuftos der Pro-
vincie ende Bekee-|ringhen van Nieuvv-
Mexico.| aer in ghehandelt wort van de
Gheeftelijée ende | eijtelijdée fatten / die de
Goddelijcée Majefteyt ver-| openbaert heeft in de
poorf. Befeeringhen ende nieu-| we ontded-
inghen / Door t’middel van de Patres defer |
Seraphifher Orden der Mtinder = broeders. |
Met oorlof ghedruckt | Tot Madrid inde
Conincklijcke Druckertje. 1630. |
T’HANTWERPEN, | Sy Guilliam 2e-
{teens / woonende inde Hood-ftrate | inden gul-
den Pellicaen. Wnno 1631.

Collation: Title-page one leaf; ‘‘ Voor-Reden,”’
signed ‘‘Franciscus Paludanus, Provincial vande
Provincie van Neder-duytsch-lant,’’ dated Brus-
sels, 2d March, 1631, 5 pp.; ‘““Approbatie,”’ 4 un-
numbered leaves; text, pp. 1-86. This collation,
together with the photograph of the title-page
here reproduced in facsimile (pl. 111), were kindly
furnished by C. K. Fortiscue, Esquire, of the

AND MONOGRAPHS

22

Ill

BENAVIDES

British Museum, who writes: ‘‘ The book, which
is in excellent condition, was purchased by the
Museum on the 8th October, 1863.’’ No copy of
the Dutch edition is known to exist in America.

LATIN EDITION

The Latin edition, published at Brus-
sels in 1634, was translated evidently
from the French by Jean Gravendonce or
Juan Gravenden, or Joannes De Cranen-
donck, or Cranedonc. It has probably
been referred to more than any other
edition of the work, and the abbreviation
of the title by bibliographers has caused
the belief that more than one Latin ed-
ition was printed. Following is the title
from the Georgetown University copy:

RELATIO. | Quant | PHILIPPO 1¥%
CA-|THOLICO HISPANIARUM, | &c.
REGI, per modum memorialis, five Li-
belli | fupplicis exhibuit Reverendifs. P.
F. IoANNEsS | DE SANTANDER, Ord. Frat-
rum Minorum, | Commiffarius Generalis
| Indiarum. | Per manus |.Ad.™ R. P. F.
ALPHONSI DE BENAVI-|DES, eiufdem Ord-
inis, Cuftodis Provin-|cie & Converfi-

INDIAN? NOZES

HODGE — BENAVID PL. IV

RELAT10.

Quam

PHILIPPO IV. CA-
THOLICO HISPANLARUM,
&c. Reals, per modum memorialts, fiveLibelle
fupplicis exhibuirc Reverendifs. P.F.IoANNES
be SANTANDER, Ord,FratrumMinorum,
CommiMfarius Gencralis
Indiarum..

Per manus
Ad.m R. P. F, AtpHonst pe Benave-
pes , ciufdem Ordinis , Cuftodis Provin-
cie & Converfionis Novi MExiIco,s
nec non Sancta [nquifitionis
Commiffacii-

In qua agitur de magnis Thofaurés fpirisualibus
c temporalitus,Deoinfpirante & adjuvan-
ze, inibi dereit a.

Opera
FRATRVM MINORVM, ORD. SE-
RAPHICI P, N, Ss. FRANCISCI.
impreffa cum Approbatione , Hifpanice
Madriti in Typographia Regia, An. 1630,
Latiné vero
Cum Facultate Superiorum.

Satispural, Typis Chriftophori Katzenber~

geri, Typographi Aulici & Academici,
Anno M. DC, XXXIV.

TITLE-PAGE OF THE LATIN EDITION OF THE
MEMORIAL, 1634. (REDUCED.)

LATIN EDITION

onis Novi Mexico, | nec non Sancte [n-
quifitionis | Commiffarii. | In qua agitur
de magnis Thefauris fpiritualibus | & tem-
poralibus, Deo infpirante & adjuvan-lte,
inibi detectis. | OpErRA | FRATRVM
MINORVM, ORD. SE-| RAPHICI P. N. S.
Francisct. | Impreffa cum A pprobatione,
Hifpanicé | Madriti in Typographia Regia,
An. 1630. | Latiné verd | Cum Facultate
Supertorum. |

SALISBURGI, Typis Chriftophori Katz-
enber-|geri, Typographi Aulici & Acad-
emici. | Anno M. D C. XXXIV.

Collation: Title-page verso blank; letter from
the translator (signed ‘‘Fr. Joannes De Cranen-
donck, Frater Minor indignus’’) addressed ‘“‘II-
lustrissimo, ac Reverendissimo Domino, Domino
Paridi, Archiepiscopo Salisburgensi, Apostolicz
bedig Lesato, S. R. I. Principi, &c.”, pp. 3-0;
prefatio ad lectorem. Necessari6 premittenda,
pro intelligentia aliquorum in subjuncta Narra-
tione contentorum,” signed 17. Augusti, 1634,
“Fr. Wolffgangus Hégner, Minister Provincialis,”’
Pp. 7-12; text pp. 13-158. The Memorial proper,
signed ‘‘Fr. Alphonfus. de Benavides.’’, ends on
p. 149.

Bartlett, op. cit., says: ‘‘There is also

AND MONOGRAPHS

BE NAN LD aS

a Latin translation by Jean Gravendonc,
under the title: ‘Relatio . . . in qua ag-
itur de magnis thesauris spiritualibus et
temporalibus Deo adjuvante in Novo
Mexico detectis.’ Salisburgi. 1634
8°.’’ This is evidently a mistake made
in misinterpreting an abbreviated title in
some catalogue. Nicolao Antonio, in his
Bibliotheca Hispana sive Hispanorvm, Ro-
mz, 1672, tit; ope T, gives’ thenaiap ler
‘“Relationem de magnis Thesauris Spir-
itualibus & temporalibus Deo adjuvante
in Novo Mexico detectis,’’ the translation
being attributed to Ioannis Gravendonc.
Ternaux [-Compans], Bibliotheque Amér-
icaine, Paris, 1837, no. 558, notes the
work under the title: ‘‘De magnis the-
sauris spiritualibus ac temporalibus in
Nova Hispania detectis. Salisburgo.
1634, 8°.’’—the principal change being in
Nova Hispania for Novo Mexico. Other
attempts at recording the titleof the Latin
edition might be cited, but it is believed
that they all represent copies of a single
edition and that the verbal inconsistencies
are due to abbreviation or to inadvertence.

INDIAN NOTES.

Pan nto sS BY LAE T

The title-page of the copy in the John
Carter Brown Library is here reproduced
from a photograph kindly furnished by
Mr Winship.

In 1633, John de Laet added a short
abstract of the Memorial to the Latin
edition of his America, first published in
1625 with the title: Nieuwe Wereldt ofte
Beschrijvinghe van West-Indien. ...
Door Ivannes de Laet.—Leyden, 1625.
Folio. The Latin edition has the titles:
JOANNIS DE LAET / AMERICAE / utrius
QUE / DEscRIPTIO. / and NOVVS ORBIS /
SEU / DESCRIPTIONIS / INDIA OCCIDENTALIS
Pee. leved. Batav. apud Elzevirios. A°.
1633. Folio. (Half-title and title versos
blank; dedication ‘‘ Caroli I. Magne Brit-
tanniz,’’ I leaf; preliminary matter, 13
léaves; text, pp. 1-690; index, 9 leaves;
14 maps.) Cap. xxvi of Liber Quintus,
pp. 315-316, is headed ‘‘ Recentissima
Nove Mexicane descriptio, é commetartts
Alfonsi de Benavides Franciscani.”’ The
description is a condensed summary of
the geographical information in the Mem-
orial, filling a folio page and a half, end-

AND MONOGRAPHS

08

BENAMED ES

ing: ‘‘Atque hec compendio de cerpsi é
relatione Alfonsi de Benavides Francis-
cani, Madriti typis expressa anno CI9d [9D
Gx x

The chapter also appears in the French
translation of Laet: L’HistTorrE / Dv /
NOUVEAU MONDE / ou / DESCRIPTION
DES INDES / occIDENTALEs, / Conten-
ant dix-huict Liures, / Par le Sieur [EAN
DE Last, d’Anuers;/. .. Leyde, cIo Id
cxL. Folio. (Title verso blank; 13 pre-
liminary leaves; text pp. 1-632; table, 6
leaves; 14 maps. ‘‘Nouuelle description
de la Nouuelle Mexique, selon les Com-
mentaires de Alfonso de Benauides, Corde-

lier”, pp. 233-234.)

GERMAN EDITION

The German translation of Benavides
bears no date, but as it was printed at
Salzburg with the imprint of the pub-
lishers of the Latin edition, of which the
title is virtually a translation, Bartlett
has ascribed it to the year 1634. Follow-
ing is the title from the John Carter

INDIAN (NOPEsS

HODGE — BENAVIDES PL.
RELATIO-

Welche Philippo.lv. Konig
in Hifpanien, &c. R.P. F. loannes de
Santander, G.Granelfei ordens/ober
Yndien General Commiffarius

Durch R. P. F. Alphonfum de
Benavides, deffelbigéOdens/ vberdiePr0z
ting def Newbefercen Merico Cuffodens ond
der heyligenSnquifitionC ommiffariunt

; obergeben faffers.

Darinnen gehandlet wirdt /von groffer/
Geift.vit weltitdhen Gdagens fo felbiger Sandé/
durd fleif ond gervere arbale derMeindern
BrioetnS. Francifci ordend mitelE
Gorlldher hitff enrdecketworden.
Esfitich su Madril/ in dRonigliche Suche
ccuderensin Oifpanifd / volgenes in Larete
nifh /an jenoin hodjreunfder fpraw
nadhgerudr.

Cum licentia Superiorum

Jn dee CErgbifchefflichen Hanptftatt
Galgburg/durd)Chriftophorum a
gern/Spoff- vnd Aeademifhen
Duderudtem.

TITLE-PAGE OF THE GERMAN EDITION OF THE
MEMORIAL, 1634. (REDUCED.)

;
;
;

fit MAN EDITION

Brown copy, a photograph of which was
courteously furnished by Mr Winship:
RELATIO. | Weldhe Philippo. IV. Konig |
in Hifpanien, &c. R. P. F. Ioannes de |
Santander, ©. Francifct ordens / vber | Sn-
dien General Commiffarius | Durd R. P. F.
Alphonfum de| Benavides, deffelbige Ddens /
vber die Bro- | uing def | Mewbeferten Mer-
ico Cujtoden / ond | der heyligen Ynquijition
Commiffarium | vbergebcn laffen. | Darinnen
gehandlet wirdt / von groffen/ | Geift- vn welt-
lidhen Schaigen / fo felbiger Lande /| durch fleif

|ond getrewe arbait der Niindern| Sriidern S.

Franctfct ordens mitelft | Gotlider Hilff entdect-
worden. | Grftlic) gu Mtadril / in d’ RKoiniglide
Bucd- | truderey / in Hifpanifd / volgenes in La-
tet=| nif / an jeso in hocjteutfder fprac | nadge-
trudt. | Cum licentia Supe iorum

Sn der Erwbifheffliden Hauptitatt | Salb-
burg / durd) Chriftophorum Rakenber- | gern /
Hoff- vnd Academifden | Buchtrucdern.

Collation: Title verso blank; ‘‘Vorted An den
guthertzigenhessr’’ (signed ‘‘F. Wolfgangvs Heg-
ner, Minister Provincialis’’), pp. I-10; text pp.
II-130. The Memorial ends with the signature
““F. Alphonsus Benavides”’ on p. 124.

AND MONOGRAPHS

BENAVTDES

RECENT TRANSLATIONS AND REPRINTS

Prior to its serial publication in The
Land of Sunshine, Los Angeles, California,
from and including vol. x11I, no. 4 (Sept.
—Oct., 1900), to vol. xIv, no. 3 (March;
1901), from the translation by Mrs Ayer,
with notes by Lummis and Hodge, only
one attempt had been made to print the
Memorial in English, notwithstanding its
scarcity and its value to Americanists.
The late Dr John Gilmary Shea made use
of the work in his writings pertaining to
the history of the Catholic Church in the
United States, having in his private l-
brary the Spanish, Latin, and French
editions, which are now in the Shea col-
lection of the library of Georgetown Uni-
versity, Washington, D. C. He made
an incomplete and imperfect translation
into English, the manuscript of which
found its way into the possession of Dr
George Henry Moore of New York. In
February, 1894, at the sale of Dr Moore’s
books, the manuscript was purchased for
the Lenox Library and was printed under

INDIAN NOLES

Pee N Tr EDITIONS

the title ‘Memorial on New Mexico in
1626 [sic}. By Alonso de Benavides,”’ in
the Bulletin of the New York Public Li-
brary for November and December, 1899.
Twenty-five copies of the translation
were printed separately for private dis-
tribution.

The ethnological information in the
Memorial was summarized by Albert Gal-
latin in his paper ‘Sur l’ancienne civili-
sation du Nouveau-Mexique, des bords
du Rio Gila et des contrées voisines,’’ in
Nouvelles Annales des Voyages, n. s., t.
XXVII, Paris, 1851, pp. 303-309.

In 1900 the Memorial was republished
in Spanish in the City of Mexico, in mod-
ernized form, as Apéndice Segundo of
Tomo 11 of a Historia de la Nueva México
por el Capitan Gaspar de Villagrd. Em-
presa por el Museo Nacional de México con
un A péndice de Documentos y Opiisculos.
The title is here given as a specimen of
the modernization in the typography
which prevails throughout the work and
through which much of the interest of the
latter is lost:

AND MONOGRAPHS

29

30

Il

BENAYV TDES

MEMORIAL | QUE | FR. JUAN DE
SANTANDER | DE LA ORDEN DE
SAN FRANCISCO, COMISARIO |
GENERAL DE INDIAS, PRESENTA A LA
Majestap | CAToLicA DEL Rey | DON
FELIPE CUARTO | Nuestro SENor. |
HECHO POR EL PADRE FRAY AL=
ONSO DE BENAVIDES, | Comisarto
DEL SANTO OFICIO Y CUSTODIO QUE HA
SIDO | DE LAS PROVINCIAS Y CONVERSIONES
| pet Nuevo Mexico.| TRATASE EN
EL DE LOS TESOROS ESPIRITU-
ALES | y TEMPORALES QUE LA DIVINA
MaJESTAD HA MANIFESTADO | EN AQUE-
LLAS CONVERSIONES Y NUEVOS DESCUBRI-|
MIENTOS POR MEDIO DE LOS PApREs | DE]
ESTA SERAFICA | RELIGION. |

CON LICENCIA. | En Madrid, en la
Imprenta Real. Afio M.DC.XXX,|
REIMPRESOQ POR EL MUSEO NA-
CIONAL | En su Oficina TipogrAfica.
Afio M.DCCC.XC.IX. | MEXICO.

This Mexican edition of 1899 (actually
published in 1900) is reprinted in Ben-
jamin Maurice Read’s Historia Ilustrada
de Nuevo Mexico, app. I, pp. 405-437,

INDIAN NOTES

meee RANSLA TION

Santa Fe, 1911, and an English trans-
lation by Eleuterio Baca appears in the
same author’s Illustrated History of New
Mexico, pp. 657-714, Santa Fe, 1912.

A German translation by Rev. Berard
Haile from the English as it appeared in
The Land of Sunshine, was published in
1902-03 in St. Franziskus Bote, Cincin-
nati, XI. Jahrgang, Juli 1902—Juni 1903,
and XII. Jahrgang, Juli and August 1903,
under the title ‘‘Missionswesen in New
Mexico unter den Pionier-Missiondren des
Franziskaner-Ordens.”’

THE AYER TRANSLATION

What may be regarded as the definitive
edition of the Memorial of 1630 was pri-
vately printed in Chicago in 1916,
through the generosity of Mr Edward E.
Ayer, from a translation into English by
Mrs Ayer, with annotation by Frederick
Webb Hodge and Charles Fletcher Lum-
mis. The titles are as follow:

THE MEMORIAL OF FRAY | AL-
ONSO DE BENAVIDES | 1630 | Trans-
lated by | MRS. EDWARD E. AYER | Anno-

AND MONOGRAPHS

ol

32

III

BENAVIDES

tated by | FREDERICK WEBB HODGE | and
| CHARLES FLETCHER LUMMISs |
CHICAGO | PRIVATELY PRINTED | 1916

Second title: MEMORIAL | Which FRAY
JUAN | DE SANTANDER OF THE | Order of Saint
Francis, Commissary- | General of the Indies,
presents to | His Catholic Majesty, the | King,
Philip. IV, Our’) Lord. |" MADE: BY” THE
FATHER FRAY ALONSO | de Benavides, Com-
missary of the Holy Office and Custodian | that
was of the Provinces and Conversions | of New
Mexico:|IN IT ARE TREATED) tae
TREASURES | spiritual and temporal, which
the Divine Majesty hath manifested | in those
conversions and new discoveries by means | of the
Priests of this Seraphic Order. | [vignette and
ornaments] |

BY AUTHORITY | In Madrid, at the Royal
Press, | in the year M. DC. XXX.

Collation: Half-title verso blank; title as above
verso edition number (300 copies) and copyright
notice; table of contents, pp. v—vii, verso blank;
list of illustrations, pp. ix—x; introduction (signed
Charles F. Lummis), pp. xi-xiii, verso blank;
second title as above, verso biank; half-title,
verso blank; translation of the letter of Santan-
der to the King, pp. 5-8; half-title, verso blank;
translation of the Memorial, pp. 11-74; trans-
lation of Santander’s final comment, pp. 74-75,|
verso blank; half-title, verso blank; facsimile title

INDIAN NOTES

Mme MORLTAL OF 1634

of the Spanish edition, verso blank; letter of San-
tander to the King, pp. 81-85; text of the Mem-
orial, pp. 85-181; Santander’s final comment,
pp. 181-183, verso blank. half-title, verso biank;
notes by F. W. Hodge and Charles F. Lummis,
chiefly by the former, pp. 187—285, verso blank;
half-title, verso blank; index, pp. 289-309, verso
blank; colophon, verso blank, 1 leaf. Forty
photogravure plates, four plates of tities in fac-
simile. Pp. 81-183 are also in facsimile.

The originai plates used in the illustration of
this edition of the Memorial were presented by
Mr Ayer to the School of American Research at
Santa Fe, New Mexico.

THE MANUSCRIPT MEMORIAL OF 1634

After the publication of the Ayer edi-
tion an important discovery was made by
the Rev. Dr Peter Guilday, of the Catholic
University of America at Washington, who
obtained from the Propaganda Archives,
in Rome, a photographic reproduction of
a revision of the Memorial, dated Feb-
ruary 12,.1634, comprising 58 pages in
the handwriting of Benavides and signed
by him, as well as of several collateral
documents, all of which are now in the
American Church History Manuscript De-

AND MONOGRAPHS

34

BENAYVIDES

partment of the Catholic University. |
These, together with the ‘Ayer Me-
morial,’’ have been discussed to some
extent and summarized by John F.
O’Hara, C.S. C., in the Catholic Historical
Review, vol. 111, no. 1, Washington, April,
1917. We quote at length from this art-
icle, since it affords all the information
necessary to the present purpose.

““The relationship of the two Memorials [i.e.,
the printed edition of 1630 and the manuscript

revision of 1634] is not exactly definable. Prob-

ably the Propaganda Memorial is a revision of
the Ayer Memorial; but, if so, the former does
not supersede the latter. It supplements in a
certain measure the printed book by the addition
of some valuable biographical and ethnological
data. The printed Memorial remains an his-
torical source of the first order, but scholars who
wish to use it should know of the supplementary
redaction. One of Dr. Guilday’s students—the
Rev. Virgil G. Michel, O. S. B.—is preparing the
1634 Memorial for publication. The following
description will aid the reader to judge the com-
parative value of these manuscripts:

“‘t. The Ayer Memorial.—This is a printed
copy, very probably abridged and mutilated by
the Spanish publisher or by someone else, of a
Report on New Mexico, presented by Father

INDIAN NOTES

mLLIED DOCUMENTS

Benavides, Guardian of the Franciscan missions
there, to Philip IV of Spain, on the occasion of
his visit to the mother country in 1630. It has
not the systematic treatment of the later Mem-
orial. It omits the names of the missionaries as
a rule, and contains only incidental references to
their work. It is more of a physical geography
than a history, and was written to encourage the
king to assist the missionaries to develop the
country. It contains considerable information
about the natural resources of the land that is
not found in the later work, but on the whole it
is much briefer, less clear, and somewhat less
valuable to the historian, since it not infre-
quently omits details that would vouch for the
authenticity of its statements. There is suf-
ficient evidence of this in the notes of the com-
mentators to the present edition, passing ad-
verse judgment on certain passages, the appar-
ent weaknesses of which are cleared up in the
Propaganda Memorial.

“2. The Propaganda Memorial of February
I2, 1634.—This was written at the request of
Pope Urban VIII, and is in the hand-writing and
bears the signature of Benavides himself. It was
_|prepared for the information of the Holy Father
concerning the missions, and with a view to ob-
taining extensive new privileges and the con-
firmation of old ones. It therefore lays stress on
the extent and hardships of the work, and on the
number of martyrs. Evidently, Benavides had

AND MONOGRAPHS

35

BENAYVIDES

the previous Memorial (the Ayer edition) before
him when he wrote, although, strangely enough,
he makes no reference to it, while he mentions

Moe nmi

his Historia twice. (One mention of this work
was made in the first Memorial: there he said
that with the help of God he was trying to write
it at that time.) The Propaganda Memorial has,
on the whole, a more interesting style than its
prototype. It follows the history of the mis-
sions, and presents the physical features of the
country as incidents to that work. It should
have great historical value on account of its un-
impeachable authenticity, its critical spirit, its
wide scope of facts, and its freedom from the re-
strictions of a contemporary publisher. It pays
a silent tribute to the scholarship of the learned
annotators of the Ayer Memorial, by verifying
many of their conclusions, aithough at times there
is a wide divergence from their interpretation of
the first text. [58 pp.]

‘“*3. Relazione delle conversione del Novo Mes-
sico .. . April 11, 1634.—This is a summary,
prepared by Benavides for the Propaganda, of
his larger Memorial written for the Pope. It
contains some details, however, that are not in
the larger Memorial. It was poorly translated

INDIAN NOTES

Peete DOCUMENTS

into Italian for Benavides, and signed by him.
This suggests a Spanish counterpart that has
not yet appeared, and points to the presence of
Benavides in Rome at the time it was presented.
[s pp-]

“4. Ristretto della Relazione ... dal Fre.
Benavides.—This undated document seems to
be a synopsis of the brief Italian Relazione (No.
3 above). It was made apparently as a summary
introduction to the request for privileges made
by Benavides. All the matter contained in the
body of the Ristretto seems to be contained in the
Relazione, with the exception of the last part,
which is taken from the Spanish Privilegios para
las Indias, appended to the Ristretto (noted be-
low, No. 7). [3 pp.]

“‘5. Ricordo Importante.—This brief docu-
ment, which is made a part of the Ristretto, deals
with the English and Dutch colonies on the At-
lantic coast and contains interesting and useful
information; and, since no Spanish counterpart
to it has been found, it suggests again the pres-
ence of Benavides in Rome, and his active at-
tendance at the offices of the Propaganda during
the presentation of his requests. [1 p., includ-
ing the following.]

“6. Verificazione.—This isa notarial appendix
to the Ristretto for its authentication, and lists
the testimonial ietters presented by Benavides to
the Propaganda.

AND MONOGRAPHS

By

1

38

Il

BENAWVWIEIDES

‘7. Privilegios para las Indias.—This undated
document, in Spanish and in the handwriting of
Benavides, appears to be the complement of the
Relazioné (No. 3), and again suggests a lost count-
erpart to the latter. It requests the confirma-
tion of previous privileges and the erection of the
bishopric of Santa Fe. It suggests the date for
the Ristretto, for it requests action before the end
of June, when Benavides will sail for the Indies,
and since the document which it supplements
was presented on April 11, the Ristretto must
have been made shortly afterwards. [1 p.]

“8, 9, 10. These three documents, though still
undiscovered, should be listed for the purpose of
comparison. The first of these is the important
Historia noted above (No. 2); the other two are
the respective Spanish originals of the Relazione
and the Ricordo Importante.

“The order of the documents in the Propa-
ganda Archives is as follows: (1) The Ristretto,
with its appendices, the Ricordo Importante and
the Verificazione; (2) the Privilegios para las In-
dias; (3) the Relazione; (4) the Memorial of Feb-
ruary 12, 1634. The chronological order of the
whole series should be (1) the Ayer Memorial;
(2) the \Historia; (3) the Propaganda Memorial;
(4) the Spanish original of the Relazione; (5) the
Spanish original of the Ricordo Importante; (6)
the Privilegios para las Indias; (7) the Relazione;
(8) the Ristretto; (9) the Ricordo Importante; (10)
the Verificazione.”’

INDIAN NOTES

| Po TED DOCUMENTS 39

In the quotation above, mention is made
of the preparation, for publication, of the
Memorial of 1634, by Rev. Virgil G. Michel,
O. S. B.; but inquiry of Fr. Michel elicits
the information that his labors have been
diverted to other subjects. We are in-
formed by Rev. Dr Guilday, however, that
it is his intention to publish the revised
Memorial, although this will not be pos-
sible before next year.

AND MONOGRAPHS

No. 5: Note on the Archeology of Chiriqui.
By George Grant {MacCurdy. Reprinted
ee Amer.:Anthropol., Vol. 15, 1913, No. 4.

No.6 6: Petroglyphs of Saint Vincent, British
West Indies. By Thomas Huckerby. Re-
printed from Amer. Anthropol., Vol. 16,
1914. No. 2. 50c

No. 7: Prehistoric Objects from a Shell-heap
at Erin Bay, Trinidad. By J. Walter Fewkes.
Reprinted from Amer. Anthropol., Vol. 16,
1914, No. 2. 5o0c.

No. 8: Relations of Aboriginal Culture and En-
vironment in the Lesser Antilles. By J.
Walter Fewkes. Reprinted from Bull. Amer.
Geogr. Soc., Vol. 46, 1914, No. 9. 5oc.

No. 9: Pottery from Certain Caves in Eastern
Santo Domingo, West Indies. By Theo-
door de Booy. Reprinted from Amer. An-
thropol., Vol. 17, 1915, No. I. 5o0c.

Vol. 2

No.1: Exploration of a Munsee Cemetery near
Montague, New Jersey. By George G. Heye
and George H. Pepper. 1915. $1.00.

No. 2: Engraved Celts from the Antilles. By
J. Walter Fewkes. 1915. 50c.

No. 3: Certain West Indian Superstitions Per-
taining to Celts. By Theodoor de Booy.
Reprinted from Journ. Amer. Folk-Lore, Vol.
28, No. 107, 1915. 50¢.

No. 4: The Nanticoke Community of Dela-
ware. By Frank G. Speck. 1915. $1.00.

No. 5: Notes on the Archeology of Margarita
Island, Venezuela. By Theodoor de Booy.
1916. 50c.

No. 6: Monolithic Axes and Their Distribution
in Ancient America. By Marshall H. Saville.
1916. 50c.

i eae
ITHSONIAN INSTITUTION LIBRASHE

~OMUL i il ;

3 9088
Vol. 3 Po

Physical Anthropology of the Lenape or Dela-
wares, and of the Eastern Indians in Gen-
eral. By AleS Hrdlicka. (Bur. of Amer.
Ethnol., Bull. 62,1916, with added title-page
and cover. ) $1.00.

Vol. 4

No. 1: The Technique of Porcupine-Quill -
Decoration among the North American In- ©
dians. By William C. Orchard. 1916. $1.00.

No. 2: Certain Archeological Investigations
in Trinidad, British West Indies. By Theo-
door de Booy. Reprinted from Amer. An-
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No. 3: The Nacoochee Mound in Georgia. By
George G.:Heye, F. W. Hodge, and George
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Vol. 5

No. 1: A Letter of Pedro de Alvarado Relating
to His Expedition to Ecuador {15341- By | poe
Marshall H. Saville. 1917. 50c ie ee

No. 2: The Dieguefio Ceremony of the Death- dain
Images. By E.H. Davis. 1919. 50c.

No. 3: Certain Mounds in Haywood County,
North Carolina. By George G. Heye. Re-
printed from Holmes Anniversary Volume,
I916. I919. 50c.

No. 4: Exploration of Aboriginal Sites at
Throgs Neck and Clasons Point, New York
City. By Alanson Skinner. 1919. $1.00.

Address:
MUSEUM OF THE AMERICAN INDIAN, HEYE
FOUNDATION, eRe
BROADWAY AT I55TH ST., uth
New York City.