out as of September 2021, and California Cor- rectional Center will be next. (

“However, with no new prison construction plans on the horizon, ( s communities are now going on the “ offensive: We are working to clace

prisons to get people free

Our fight for prison closures is first and fore- most a strategy to get people free. We want to shrink the state’s ability to lock people up by shrinking the number of cages it has to do so.

Many people have heard the phrase, “if they

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AFFECTED By Ex

SPOSURE 70 FAC RTICULATE MATER?

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a ‘ of 4) be ste = @@)?; A) Ke RS i (OC @s= | feel like whenever Ik ab ji ey we talk about climate change, we always frame it in Ae Tee es a oh ice caps in the Arctic, or the extinction of a rare frog es in p the Amazon. And those things are incredibly important, don’t

get me wrong.

But when we’re having these discussions, we never talk about climate change in terms of our own health—despite the fact that doctors and other health professionals have called it the biggest public health crisis of atk century. Nearly every field of health (pulmonology, nutrition infectious disease, mental health, etc.) will be impacted by climate see

in some way.

In the past few years, I’ve started to become more interested in the relationship between climate change and human health. We saw this relationship depicted in the dystopic world of Parable of the Sower, in which climate change created such poor conditions and severe resource scarcity that the nation was pitched into conflict/instability.

—

Py a literary perspective made } ey

cientific/research-oriented

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king in the lab of Dr. Pinar Ayata (CUNY Center) to try and figure out how exposure | s heat and particulate matter can facilitate of microglia, inducing phenotypic

fe) Coye-tstopel of this intersection acoyeel

Butler’s ex o consider this question from as

me want t perspective.

This summer [ll be wor Advanced Science Research to climate-related factors such a

the epigenetic reprogramming changes in these cells,

j = ‘

he causes and |

n effect on our understanding 0) a

This research could have a ve diseases like dementia.

: progression of neurodegenerati

: i 2h Oe Kika ike a zine? Why not just write a traditional research paper and

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To be perfectly frank, I’m totally exhausted by the thought of writing another paper. Honestly, half the time ’m reading academic papers, I feel like all ’'m seeing is normal and intuitive ideas being cloaked in academic Jatgon and being made to sound more impressive than they actually are.

y ° Fi 49 y We . ga al Le Ee Fe hash J > 73 3 . A {tv i.

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= a ee Pe ite Ae as it ON Gy “ iss ies 3 | : hee en : 1 cf Rs ee pies a ie Sot on 4 Mes 5) ° Aé - Th Ie TTS ee | That Ss why I like zines. ey’ onest and exciting to read. And &

they’re accessible!!! I think it’s so important to dispel this idea that we ) have to impart academic knowledge in a very particular and formal way.

‘ds A PRiw’ im ah — i as i” aren Pe te ae BEERS MeK Fp

In creating this zine, I take inspiration from another: Weigh of Showing by Denna Fredaar| In her zine (published in the Journal of Interactive Technology and Pedagogy), Freedman discus

,expanding what we consider “scholarship.” She

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ses the importance of writes:

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) | “Through the form of my work, a colorful, relatable We =~ _iZine, | attempt to push the boundaries of ‘ - ys Scholarship, and through the content, successfully ¢< © hor not, I'm trying to show that there are different ==

7, =~ scholarly paper” (Freedman 7-2). : a Ds 1 fig wih saesales eal <a / “<2 In this zine, a

partic matter (PM): a term used to describe the huge variety of RE iid parties suspended in the air. when we're thinking about air pollution, a lot of

< : = r ne ‘about is related to PM. burning fossil fuels produces tons of J

whict can pe’ = for 0 our health and the environment. —

is of the brainl! they can enguif pathogens like

gh bacteria att. ae an also clean up random junk in the brain to keep este . Biwad iot ing. smoothly microglia have to be able to quickly respond to changes

—

———

Re most common form is alzheimer’s.

~ MePigenetic Yegulation: changing what genes are being expressed & turned into protein products without actually altering the genetic code itself. cells Bi do this in lots of different ways, but the main effect is that certain genes are fg turned on/off based on internal or external signals that the cell is receiving

aed “0 Se gS | cytotoxXgera. i | - a Rie Ee

== LAB to va genotoxicity: toxicity to the genome

' flee I.

: 7

+5 doesn’t just Bonen willy nilly; the cell itself initiates its own death. it includes Sere Ba ire DNA fragmentation, RNA decay, and blebbing. (yes, blebbing is a real Sth “1

3 cyte te ki nes: small rsinalng OCS that are really important in telling immune

m cells what to do when our body is under attack A ee “ a ae

OXi dative St¥eSs. occurs when there are too many free radicals in a

cell. free radicals are unstable molecules that have an unpaired electron in their outer shells. because they're so desperate to fill that outer shell, the go around

some categories of prisoners were dispropor- tionately excluded, inclu Cjagageage ae

Pos icone sa lawversandh@ bw: wo t protesters, Vv | era ure “a As the virus spread througHer® Sa many who remained in prison continued to : . = A ag % : voice concern over the dismal conditions they ie 8 eee Seen |i -e have to out the effects of PM o Pete eSebe8 So what does the existing literature have to say about the -

“a aS a ae 4 . , ~ : wa to escape aPtracci tea taattekeeriaerct: PM can harm cells in lots of different ways dia reporte - - 347 e oy ~- ae . =4 8 =16 7 = on March 27 in the Saqqgesz prison in Western - = 7 eee Soa A was shown to increase the frequency of

g Exposing pa oe , lear buds (NBUDs), and micronuclei ‘c bri cle lasmic bridges s), nuc : = | nue 7 henomena are markers of genotoxicity. As | a ee ‘ncreased, the effects worsened. | coe: = particulate matter concentrations were 1! > |

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3 +2

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(Santovito et. al). ae SS

§ Exposure to PM can also reduce cell viability, decrease cell membrane Sey integrity (basically mess up the plasma membrane), and increase rates of " apoptosis. Cells exposed to PM also display signs of oxidative stress aon levels of ATP, the depolarization of the mitochondrial

== membrane, etc) (Wang et.

cytokines like TNF-a, IL-

6. Typi in the body’s immune ypically,

‘d heavily involved oxidati : : ative stress (Bai et. a] : to inflammation and

ites and Sama et. al) § FP gma,

= -— — . ,

“ | —_* ‘ 4 me Exposure to PM is one of the many risk factors for

microglial | f

PM can create

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TLDR; exposure to particulate matter can create inflammation in the

brain, making it a risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases like

INVA ales ay

/ ]

f)incto my summer project! As I mentioned earlier, Pilbe | ?working in the Ayata Lab this summer to answer a question

f that lies at the intersection of neurology, immunology, and

i: | . | od

7 -

| | f cellular and molecular biology.

| os f

ore how aspects of climate change (like enetic state of microglia.

Objective: To exp! particulate matter) affect the epig

lution disrupts

Hypothesis: We’re hypothesizing that air pol

protein homeostasis and metabolism in microglia. This may facilitate the epigenetic reprogramming of microglia, leading

toa pro-inflammatory response.

Methods: To test this hypothesis, I will expose microglial cells to particulate matter. In these cells, I'll investigate changes in protein homeostasis, metabolism, epigenetic changes related

to DNA meth

lation.

i Techniques: qPCR, Western Blot, mass spectrometry, high

Sus imaging resolution technologies s

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Significance: These results will hopefully inform future

experiments that attempt to uncover the neurodegenerative

eftect of climate change.

Bai. Kuan-Jen. et al. ~

: . : et c bY rilic . ; ara faecRalsted P 2 Na Activation and Inflammation Caused by allic d Particulate Matter.” (he n 228 I@NiuCO- lagi . 311, 2019, p. 108762 emico-Biological Interactions, Vol

Free e Cedman. Jenna | -Ine,”” 77 |

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OF ae of Showin r ' WUCTACThive S

“OmmMons rec

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ractive T. ~ 7 logy and P chr

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Cdagogy » Vol. 16 2019

“In Vitro Genomic Damage Induced by Urban Fine

Santovito, Alfredo, et al Nature Scientific Reports, vol

Particulate Matter on Human Lymphocytes. 10. no. 1, 2020

‘A Review of the Possible PM2.5 Exposures Development ol

/ Environn

and the

Shou, Yikal et al. ental Safely, vol. 174,

tween Ambient

Associations be > Ecotoxicology am

Alzheimel ‘s Disease

2019, pp 344-52 Prat *

1 Vitro

he Air-Liquid Interface > Chemosphere, vol

“Complex to Simple: lt ate Matter Simulated at t acts of Major Au Pollutants.

Wang, Rurxia, ¢ al articul es the Health Imp 263-74

Exposure of P

Disclos 923, 2019, pp