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SA pe ay Ht ea Sa pe ee ee eee eee wees SS SS er saenraare eae See ea . ee ones bate bbe blehbeaht hee any tertne Cae tertoe ietstnt ea tp ks 4 am on ti ees Sete ee Se aearese ee pnts heh ie ba nn ae rn oe eae eee avuerdarem-aerguhame ete ne ante meee ae me teh es Cane bate a eke eae in Ct <p me nwt og ky Ce ae me am ate get ee eee La ay tant a eR << = owe ee boeken seston beaeee Sase Vesta te ey Sass a Sear eee ate Fawn ——— ne ee en as nn te ee ean ne ene Aen Cae ne Se pe ee Oe 65 wn eee Sas - SSS ee are ie ee ene Pe ep Pa em ae ae en aes on ae ee ie eee me oe ee Se re ee ee ee a Se ge ee ne ee Be Se ee a eee ee ee ~~ — cor ayn See oe te fe tee Oe te See —— = an he ee ee — SS Peeters - Ko-cin-dapbardeee ternal —— oe ae oe ae Se ae ae ee Se ee eee a ee : Spbesaty we sote ewe een eee eee ee a a ag rg ge Se oe ne en tne Retr ter te tee ae rs es SSE ee eee oe = —— — = SS eco eed eal ier Steere eres ele tetetoretes 5 Ab tte eh Sa a ee OP Eb 2+4 BAR| A CATALOGUE OF THE AMERICAN HESPERITDAE IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY) d a J a, — f p eh . y * iAP mite a ae r ' 4 ; a} . : a , 4 4 E - t . ny : . | aH ey ay. uF " y % oF ‘ ; “ ts > J “ ‘ F Z oy Ny ) a 7 far, id JP A! { “ . 4 “ te iy : a ; ‘ ‘ Sar ‘ " : 4 r Asi é ' | , > | i i] 4 aa Al . an va 8 ; ,?) rat Fi i! Ff ai ty . wi 4 i i hae Pub ey. yor Ve é ; ' ; - bbe sg? , ar @ ' ee 1 rane y. ee - P , re a et ie : < At wr eg . ’ ; 2 ede es 7 f ; 7 , pk vf / hg 1 2 ¥ J : hie Pas ve j Y vive s ‘t say sob a rice ve deh, it} Fea By ALT PI Sep Vr Leo aire See i t se oe ; BT kia to ae ! A ie a a 2 , - ee a4 Ye : 3 . ae A! 79 > 4 > a a @ i% 5 ‘ +. \ ; ‘eee a iy aA cee % d ‘ ray a “ -“ * on E i 4nd nt ah? a J y : eo) a he Piss s . ; j 7 4 Rl be : “i v bi | A: y Ga Wal d . rf’ \ ; oé / 4 ’ > 4 . ote a a s L ; 4 x : = 4 , ; r ‘ 7 ‘ , i : 4 oe J ei tt ~ e ; ik 3 pee ye F ae 7 i ay ‘ a Lr ‘ i = t are i hoe hi ‘ y i ' ' 1s v4 ‘ ts wt) = ) ' y e q = ~ 3 WF i = . y “ 7 ¥ i] * ; 4 aN rye f : Pri ha ae { oP Ae / : ioe ve r & Ma _ é J if sing: we a 4 ) ee c = My = 7 y | | ie ’ r fia 7. “a & fie’) 5 } a. | . ; A i ieee c Hof ne ~ ‘ j a fi f “ ’ i =a ait el ps ‘ o : j : ai, A ee ae: re = ayy ht aah ra, , \ i f Ls a ‘o Z £ ct i * PP MOTE ERT Ree nee vy coy } ai Pe se pee f AW ano eel an 7 HY A CATALOGUE OF THE AMERICAN HESPERIIDAE indicating the classification and nomenclature adopted IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY) by BRIGADIER W. H. EVANS Gs. 1. CiL.Es D.S:0; Honorary Associate, British Museum (Natural History) PART II (Groups B, C, D) PYRGINAE. Section 1 LONDON PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM SOLD AT Tue British Museum (NaTurAL History), CROMWELL Roap, S.W.7 AND BY B. QUARITCH, LTD., AND H.M. STATIONERY OFFICE 1952 MADE AND PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN BY JARROLD AND SONS LTD., NORWICH CONTENTS PYRGINAE, SECTION 1 B. AUGIADES GROUP ANALYSIS OF GENERA ANALYSIS OF SPECIES C. URBANUS GROUP ANALYSIS OF GENERA ANALYSIS OF SPECIES D. CELAENORRHINUS GROUP ANALYSIS OF GENERA ANALYSIS OF SPECIES INDEX PLATES 10 to 25 PAGE jeg: At end y “oe & — ~ te x 7 - 3 t > 2 = 5 ") C | eA — = olsen = ra j - ‘An ae ri 2 te = oe ? ca 1 = tes ss : a aiwees “ arr ee 3 ks ee ‘ iu ' . ~ i. ‘ es ‘ . a be = ees = ' = 4 = ys i os. ee ae a = « he. , sur* { ' ‘ | i a 3 if « y b . + . 7 \ it y F Py ’ ‘ 2 nL Ee 1 / } A! i ? ; ~ 1 t- wr) aire ‘ z arti a y v é @ = NaN vil - ™ Lim . Ce anne ae | eV OTD Te ~~ 4 { Me Re 4 ‘ P| ’ é ‘ ee eat ° 4 A te f riod, “<) § \ 4¢ i Lar OF va | ‘= po ‘ +] in) 7 . ¢ : a d ’ aA es ts PS ft RS ; vt ae [ty 2 pnp a weer ' ae not a eee P ie ain | JP i 2 ; j ? ‘ f bl 5.4 i vf 4 ~ A ; r i A — a eee > po 8 ‘e a \ rf AP 8 ‘1 A gv ea Te iM A 4 ae ‘ am } eee ; we m4 | "9 es. PART II. PYRGINAE, Section I Part I of the Catalogue of the American Hesperiidae dealt with the first subfamily as “‘ Group A. Pyrrhopyginae.”’ There remain the subfamilies Pyrginae, Hespertinae, and Megathyminae. The Pyrginae are defined as feeding upon dicotyledenous plants and in having vein 5 of the forewing generally nearer to vein 6 than to vein 4 at their origins. The subfamily is divisible into two Sections, as follows: SECTION 1. Palpi erect: second segment appressed to the face: third segment not protruding in front of the second segment. Forewing cell generally long, equal to two-thirds of the length of the costa and equal to, or longer than, the orsum. SECTION 2. Palpi may be entirely porrect and the third segment always protrudes in front of the second segment. Forewing cell generally short, less than two-thirds of the length of the costa and shorter than the dorsum. Part II of the Catalogue deals with Section 1 of the Pyrginae, which have been arranged in the following Groups. B. Augiades Group. Third segments of palpi divergent. Wings erect in repose. C. Urbanus Group. Third segments of palpi parallel. Forewing veins 6 and 7 approximate at their origins. Wings erect in repose. : D. Celaenorrhinus Group. Third segments of palpi parallel. Forewing veins 7 and 8 approximate at their origins. Wings flat in repose. Groups B and C are confined to America. Group D occurs also in tropical Africa, Asia and Australia. I PYRGINAE The Section comprises 42 genera, 307 species and 173 sub-species. There are 37 synonyms of generic and 313 of specific or sub-specific names. ‘The material in the British Museum appertaining to the Section consists of 20,000 specimens, including 128 types of species, 103 of sub-species and 60 of synonyms. The following 6 species are not repre- sented: Phocides imbreus, Drephalys atinas, Aguna camagura, Salatis fulvomarginatus and scyrus, Celaenorrhinus anchialus: 4 new genera, 45 new species and 66 new sub-species are described in this part. The keys are of the form introduced by the author in his Identification of Indian Butterflies, 1923, and the same simple abbreviations have been used, viz.: upf, uph, unf, unh for upperside of forewing, etc., and F, H for forewing or hind- — wing. Apiculus is used for the reflexed portion of the antennal club and nudum for the sensory, bared segments of the antennae, lying on the apiculus and sometimes on the un-reflexed portion of the club: nudum 9/15 means g segments on the club and 15 on the apiculus. The genitalia diagrams have been drawn freehand by the author from dissections on the dry system, left on the abdomen or mounted on cards. ‘The diagrams are not to scale and are intended to indicate the differences between species or sub-species. Generally, the first figure is the ventral view of the uncus, gnathos and aedeagus: second figure view from left side of the same: third figure inside of left clasp: fourth figure inside of right clasp. The first, second and fourth figures are omitted, if the differences are insignificant. If the female genitalia are figured, it is the ventral view of the ostium bursae. The index refers to the Group letter, generic number and specific number, and can be used for the keys or for the plates. Several changes in nomenclature have been found neces- sary, but, to save space, the reasons have not been given. Each case has been carefully considered and recorded in the B.M. card index. No bibliography has been furnished. ‘The date has been given after every published name and the full reference can be obtained from the Zoological Record, or in most cases 2 PYRGINAE from the principal works dealing with the American Hesperiidae, which are: 1887-1900. Biologia Centrali Americana. Insecta. Lepido- ptera. Rhopalocera, vol. 2 and vol. 3, plates. Godman and Salvin. 1921-4. Macrolepidoptera of the World. A. Seitz, vol. 5: America. Grypocera by M. Draudt. 1931. The Butterfly Book. W. J. Holland. Figuring all species occuring in Canada and the U.S.A. 1931. The Hesperioidea of N. America. Lindsey, Bell and Williams. Figuring the genitalia of all species. 1948. Genera et Species Animalium Argentinorum, vol. 1: Pyrrhopyginae and Pyrginae. K. J. Hayward. vol. 2: Hesperinae, is in the press. | A.H.—2 5 " “fae bbs? a 5 REE UAE depAiair dan < ‘ ie hk Shae, Pee a ¥4 2 aaa | ee Ronnie tans tao Ben atid pie Thsg wie eae uh ay ott a eed aan se a eo) Eh gta ees vee 2 pM ean Vk a +45 - : a? ee oe = ait ea Pee: ‘eurisg He SPDs ¢ otf Ror igetee Re lahore SAY. ni welt Ag : “ 2 y ; (i } “one gi art < a, Oe Spies mh aie “i hi, > ne ee e + ye , De 7 4 SMR aad ce SRE Mb} rie “fy ‘ DOS oi, et re o 4 ne pt ye at ine ‘ ing aw ' aj <4 lee be P j j ie A s) ’ 1 ae F 7 . , or ' 4 a # . 2 \ 4 ‘ he ey re ye = i. > FS I 8. 4 ~ ; ¥ n : Me n ' i s j = awe . ¥ 3 i r 4 \ H ? a t jee eS xs 3 _ a ‘ 7 ut Sh 5 J \ ‘ = ry * ve b v! ke ae + Ke a ol Ee a et } fi al Scobey ‘ il } é 4 " i yp 7 9 i ¢ .. Fr ok i nian ‘ aes .° vi 4 Le — : \ Lf # = Yo ‘4 ae sald es & iv } ryt 8) — % ea iy \t Ses ; ; u . . fi E r, eal / | | y A fi \ ie : — A, ‘ 7 ‘ ine ¢ rs 3 ; \ “y 1 an o og he é 4 gi kre one t ny "4 Aes yy 5 pa ¥ ” # Ss : } a me y re 4 * VRC ee APL ey ge! |) } ‘ ane: ras ae ¥ 4 \ oth uf res a , Et : le } > —i j {j j * . _ ‘ i é a 4 t ra * s ; i \s f h ) } % +1 - f 4 ~- 7 ve ‘ oe . , » 2 my } + Le end - shy é a ‘ ~ we “s pe ’ : i ant i? a, A rs } > Coe, 7 nae : Xe ny L Nia? * ep fie > a y ph ks ny Wa boa si Weyl i n ‘ cA OT) Pa i a oy as * 4 « ‘ ‘ %4 2 g « | . Bin nA rf ss) y el Cue ie hn tien & ’ : ’ an 4 cae bs one : MA Stine, if a ; ma! ‘ 2-3 sper e shah 6 ~_ a | es oF. em yal \* 3 @ Group B. AUGIADES GROUP ANALYSIS OF GENERA Defined primarily by the peculiar palpi: 3rd segment stout, spatulate, set on the outer edge of the 2nd segment, divergent. The character is well marked except in the first two and the last genera. Phocides and Hypocryptothrix are very much more closely allied to Tarsoctenus than to any other Hesperiid genus: all these 3 genera are ‘‘mimics”’ or close relatives of the Pyrrhopyginae. Cabirus likewise is closer to Entheus than to any other genus. F cell long, at least = % costa, Some species display a remarkable sexual dimorphism and a very general feature, peculiar to the group, is the presence of 2 hyaline spots in the cell. The group is confined to Central and South America and appears to have attained its maximum development in the Guianas and Lower Amazon area. It has no allies in the Old World. la (11). Antennae with an apiculus as usual. tb (3a). Palpi with 3rd segment central, not divergent. 1 (2). F venation peculiar: discocellular vein between origins of veins 4 and 5 arched and very long, twice as long as the distance between the origins of veins 3 to 4 and of 5 to 6: also veins 7 and 8 run contiguously for 4 of their length from the cell. Antennae 4 costa: nudum 16/32, apiculus angled or hooked. 3 upf with a costal fold. Mid tibiae occasionally spined. Like various Pyrrhopy- ginae. Phocides. 18 species. Texas to Argentine ard the West Indies. 2 (1). F venation normal: vein 4 mid veins 3 and 5. Anten- nae 4 costa: nudum 16/15, angled. $ upf with a costal fold: unf with a conspicuous tuft of brown hairs in a 5 GROUP B. AUGIADES polished area, directed obliquely forward from before the middle of vein 1 and reaching vein 2: uph costa widened in middle: H vein 7 arising just after origin of vein 8. General appearance of Pyrrhopyge rubricollis. Hypocryptothrix. 1 species. Upper Amazon: W. Bolivia. 3a (1b). Palpi normal for group. 3b (8a). Antennae bent after beginning of nudum. 3c (7). Antennae — 4 costa: 3d (5a). F cell as long as end of vein 2. 3 with costal fold. 3 (4). Uph without hyaline markings. H tibiae without the upper pair of spurs: in 3, one of the lower spurs is lengthened and runs inside a double fringe of yellow bristles on the tarsus: a somewhat similar feature occurs in Chrysoplectrum. Nudum of antennae 27/12, angled. Tarsoctenus. 3 species. Nicaragua to Bolivia and Bahia: Trinidad. 4(3). Uph and upf with numerous hyaline markings unlike any other Hesperiid. Nudum 8/17, arcuate. Phanus. 4 species. Mexico to Bolivia and S. Brazil: Trinidad. 5a (3d). F cell not so long as end of vein 2. 5 (6). H produced at end of vein 3 as well as at end of vein 1b. F cell short, < end of vein 1. F and H with hyaline spots: on F 2 spots in cell and in space 2. ¢ usually with costal fold. Nudum 7/14, hooked. Udranomia. 4 species. Mexico to S. Brazil. 6 (5). H not produced at end of vein 3. F cell at least as long as end of vein 1. H spots usually opaque: F with a central spot in space rb, a single spot in space 2 and 2 cell spots. ¢ with or without a costal fold. Nudum typically 16/15, arcuate or hooked. Drephalys. 13 species. Honduras to Amazons. 7 (3c). Antennae short, < } costa: nudum 7/16, arcuate. Uph without spots: upf with or without spots. ¢ with a costal fold. Augiades. 2 species. Mexico to S. Brazil. 6 B.1. PHOCIDES 8a (3b). Antennae bent at beginning of nudum, 22-24 seg- ments. 8b (10). F vein 4 twice as far at origin from vein 3 as from vein 5. 3¢ with costal fold. 8 (9). H normal, produced at vein 1 B. Unmarked, or with hyaline spots F, including 2 in cell and 1 or 2 outer spots in space 1b. Hyalothyrus. 5 species. Honduras to Amazons. 9 (8). H abnormal, produced at vein 4 and rounded to vein 1A. H tibiae with only 1 pair of spurs. Tegulae unusually long and dense. ¢ uph with a tuft of dark hairs on either side of a bare area along vein 1A, correlated to short tufts on either side of the abdomen. Upf single spot in cell, double at tornus. Phareas. 1 species. Colombia to Peru and Amazons. 10 (8b). F vein 4 mid veins 3 and 5. 3 without costal fold. In 4 species in $ the H tibiae have the upper spurs absent and there is a recumbent hair pencil outside the swollen tarsus. Upf single cell spot. Entheus. 5 species. Mexico to S. Brazil. 11 (za). Antennae abnormal, no apiculus and only slightly thickened club: nudum 15. Palpi slender, 3rd segment central. H tibiae with only 1 pair of spurs. F cell long, end rounded. H apex produced, tornus rounded and dorsum short. ¢ no costal fold. Cabirus. 1 species. Ecuador to Peru and Matto Grosso. ANALYSIS OF SPECIES B.l. PHOCIDES Hiibner 1819: type polyhius Fabricius: only valid species included was palemon Cramer, as cruentus, selected by Scudder 1875, was a nomen nudum: palemon is a homonym of palaemon Pallas 1771 and so polybius the next oldest name becomes the type. Synonyms. Erycides Hiibner 1819: type pigmalion Cramer. Dysenius Scudder 1872: type albicilla Herrich-Schaffer. a B.1. PHOCIDES A very uniform genus in respect of structure and genitalia: uncus long, slender, undivided, flanked by slender flanges: aedeagus short. Genitalia fig Bell 1932. la (3a). Unh and uph unmarked. Cilia F white. 1 (2). Collar and palpi red. Upf with a red cell spot, extending to costa. ¢ F 26 mm. Resembles Amenis. polybius. 3 sub-species. (a). Cilia H entirely white and termen evenly narrow white. Sub-sp. lilea Reakirt 1866: Mexico. Fig Seitz: G & 5, $ and genitalia. Synonyms. albicilla Herrich-Schaffer 1869: ? loc. socius Butler & Druce 1872: 3 Costa Rica: type B.M. cruentus Scudder 1872: Guatemala (nomen nudum Hubner 1819). Fig Hayward 1948, 3 and genitalia = phanias. sanguinea Scudder 1872: Texas. decolor Mabille 1880: no loc: type B.M. albiciliata Rober 1925: Guatemala. B.M. 7-6 7 2 Mexico. 6¢.5 9,Guatemala.) 14geaee Honduras. 4 3 2 2 Costa Rica. (b). Cilia H orange at tornus, extending usually to middle of space 1c: white edging to termen comparatively broad and irregular inwardly. Termen more or less concave centrally, particularly, as in many species of Phocides and the Pyrrhopyginae, from Guiana. Sub-sp. polybius Fabricius 1793: “Indiis”’: fig Jones Icones. Synonyms. palemon Cramer 1779: Surinam: fig 131F, homonym of palaemon Pallas 1771. gunderi Williams & Bell 1931: Br Guiana. Aberration with the red spot upf absent. B.M. 5 3 3 2 Panama. 9 ¢ Colombia. 4 3 1 2 Venezuela. 26192 Br Guiana. 2¢19Fr Guiana. 24 2 2 Surinam. tid Para. 7.0479 eiemidad. (c). Uph the orange cilia at tornus extending usually to the end of vein 2: termen narrowly and evenly white as in lilea. Sub-sp. phanias Burmeister 1880: Argentine: figured. Fig Hayward 1948. 8 B.1. PHOCIDES Synonyms. spurius Mabille 1880: ¢ no loc: type B.M. Fig Seitz. unimacula Mabille & Boullet 1912: Argentine. Aberration with the red cell spot upf absent. Fig Hayward 1948. palemonides Rober 1925: 3 no loc. B.M. 1 3 Bolivia. 21 $ 15 2 Brazil (Para to S. Brazil). 6 3 32 Paraguay. 9 3 9 2 Argentine. 2 (1). Collar and palpi black with some white hairs. Un- marked. Cilia at tornus H dull pale yellow to vein 2. ¢F 25 mm: charon. Felder 1859: 3 Brazil: type B.M. Fig Hayward 1948. Synonyms. scython Godman & Salvin 1879. 3 Paraguay: type B.M. Fig Hayward 1948, ¢ and genitalia. tophana Plotz 1879: Brazil. Fig Seitz. B.M. 153225. Brazil (Sao Paulo. Parana. Blumenau). 19 ¢ 1 9 Paraguay. 2 ¢ 1 2 Argentine. Rarely traces of blue stripes. 3a (1a). Unh more or less striped. 3b (15a). Above and below, normally blue striped and with conspicuous white hyaline spots upf. Resemble Femadia, but the basal blue stripes upf are parallel with the veins instead of across them. 3c (12a). Abdomen, white or pale blue striped at the sides only, leaving an unstriped dark brown dorsal ridge. 3d (ga). Mid tibiae smooth. Striping of abdomen broad, particularly towards thorax. 3 (4a). Upf blue stripes in spaces 1a and 1b centrally widely disrupted into 2 subequal spots under the central hyaline band and 2 short basal streaks. ¢ F 24 mm. distans. 3 sub-species. (a). Upf central hyaline spots in spaces 3 and 4 narrow, < Imm. | Sub-sp. licinus Plotz: 1879: $ Chiriqui. Synonyms. szgovesus Moschler 1880: to replace licinus, if preoccupied by Edwards 1871, which is not the case. B.M. 1312 Honduras. 1 2 Costa Rica. 7 3 3 2 Panama. (b). Upf central band wider, 14 mm. Uph outer discal band narrow. 9 B.1. PHOCIDES Sub-sp. distans Herrich-Schaffer 1869: no loc. Fig Seitz: G. & S. Synonyms. nakawara Weeks 1906: 3 Venezuela. Fig Weeks 1911. | B.M.1 3 Venezuela. 1 2 Br Guiana. 1 ¢ 1 2 Amazons (Ega). 1 ¢ Rio Madeira. (c). Similar, but the blue markings on all wings much brighter and more developed, particularly the submarginal band uph and unh. Sub-sp. silva nov: 3 Tarapote, Peru. B.M. 44 type loc. 4a (3). Upf the blue stripes in spaces 1a and 1b not widely disrupted: stripe in space 1a usually reaches the blue submarginal band. 4 (5a). Unh the central blue stripe broader than usual at the costa and tapering to a point at its lower end in space 3. Upf basal striping more extensive, and uph submarginal band more regular, than usual. 3 F 33 mm. perillus Mabille 1888: $ Colombia: figured. Fig Bell 1932. B.M. 17 ¢ Colombia (Cauca. Manizales. Bogota). Ecuador (Balzapamba). 1 $ “Brazil”. 5a (4). Unh central blue stripe of nearly equal width throughout and often curved. 5b (8a). Uph and unh central band not looped to the lower part of the submarginal band, which is continuous. Upf stripe in space 1a centrally broken: stripe in 1b short, not reaching the discal band. 3 very similar species differing principally in the clasp form. 5 (6.7). Inner face of cuiller concave, leaving valva uncovered. metrodorus. 3 sub-species. (a). Uph submarginal blue band continued into space 7 and increasing towards the costa as in perillus. Upf basal blue stripes short and often obscure: a single blue bar under the hyaline discal band in space Ia, a unique type of marking: hyaline spots in spaces 3 and 4 very slender or absent, as is usual in the Northern sub-species of many Femadia and Phocides species: rarely an apical dot in space 9. ¢ F 28 mm. 100) B.1. PHOCIDES Sub-sp. nigrescens Bell 1938: ¢ Colombia: genitalia figured. B.M. 11 ¢ 1 2 Colombia (Cauca. Rio Chili. Rio Dagua). 1d Venezuela. 1 $ Ecuador (Paramba). 1 3 Peru. (b). Upf ut and sub-apical hyaline bands half the width of the discal band. Upf always a dot in space 9g, otherwise exactly like xenocrates. § F 27 mm. Sub-sp. metrodorus Bell 1932: ¢ Colombia: figured. B.M. 1312 Panama. 64 1 2 Colombia. 1 g¢ Ecuador. 7 3 Peru (La Merced. Rio Pacaya. Rio Colorado. ‘Tara- pote). 73 Bolivia. 3 ¢ Amazons (Teffe. Iquitos. Para). 3 3 2 2 Brazil (Espirito Santo). (c). Smaller, ¢ F 25 mm. Upf central and sub-apical hyaline bands nearly as wide as the discal band. Sub-sp. metron nov: $ Paraguay: type B.M. B.M. 2 3 Paraguay. 6 (5.7). Inner face of cuiller straight and toothed through- out, completely covering the valva. Upf no spot in space Seraik 30 mm. xenocrates Bell 1932: ¢ Colombia: figured. B.M. 8 $ Colombia. 2 $ Ecuador (Zamora. Loja). 20 3 Peru (Charape. Chanchamayo. La Merced. Chacha- poyas. Pozuzo. Moyabamba. Rio Colorado. Rio Pal- caza). 8 3 Bolivia. A ¢$ aberration (Peru) has all the markings much reduced. 7 (5.6). Inner face of cuiller only toothed at the distal end and the back crested. Large ¢ F 32 mm. Uph and unh submarginal band more irregular towards apex. novalis nov: $ Rio Colorado, Peru: type B.M. B.M. 4 3 Peru (Rio Colorado. Pebas. Perene). 8a (5b). Uph and unh the central blue band looped to the lower part of the submarginal band. thermus. 3 sub-species. (a). Upf central spots in spaces 3 and 4 slender, or absent: sub-apical spots narrow and the spot in space Io usually absent: upper basal stripes very short: stripe in space 1a distinctly broken. Resembles pigmalion and nigrescens. 3g F 30 mm. II By. PHOCIDES Sub-sp. thermus Mabille 1883: ¢ Colombia: type B.M. Fig Bell 1932. B.M. 1 ¢ Guatemala. 1 g 1 9 Honduras. 6 g Panama. 28 $ Colombia. 2 3 Venezuela. 7 3 Ecuador (Paramba). (b). Upf the central and apical spots much wider, as in hewitsonius: lowest blue stripe entire, though sinuous: upper blue stripes only half-way to the discal band. Abdomen near thorax nearly all white at sides, instead of broadly blue striped as in hewitsonius. 3 F 28 mm. Sub-sp. bellina nov. ¢ Macas, E. Ecuador: type B.M. Fig by Bell 1932 as valgus. B.M. 43 Venezuela. 23 Ecuador. 2 6 Peru (Tarapote. La Merced). 4 ¢ Up Amazons (Pebas. Up Putumayo). 5 $ Matto Grosso. (c). Similar, but upf the blue markings paler and more developed: the upper basal striping extending nearly to the discal band, as in perillus: stripe in space 1b longer and nearly reaches the submarginal blue band. g F 28 mm. Sub-sp. valgus Mabille 1883: ¢ “Cayenne”’ (probably S. Brazil): type B.M. Fig Bell 1932. B.M. 93 S. Brazil (Espirito Santo. Sao Paulo. Goyaz. Rio das Valhas). 9a (3d). Mid tibiae spined. 3 similar species with constantly different genitalia. g (10a). Unf in space 1b with a conspicuous oval patch of pale blue scales. Superficially like hewitsonius. Upft usually no spot in space 9: upper basal blue stripes short, lower 2 stripes tend to be obsolete centrally. Uph sub- marginal blue band reduced and irregular. Unh sub- marginal band broader and more regular than usual. 3 F 30 mm. partia nov: 3 Rio Colorado, Peru: type B.M. B.M. 3 6 Peru (Rio Colorado. Rio Maranon. ‘Tarapote). 1 ¢ Bolivia. 10a (9). Unf in space 1b no oval patch, but sometimes a blue dash. 10 (11). ¢ upf costal fold vestigial. Very like hewitsonius. Upf upper basal stripes short. Uph submarginal blue 12 B.1. PHOCIDES band reduced and irregular. Clasp much broader. 3 F 32 mm. padrona nov: 3 Cajon, Cuzco, Peru: type B.M. B.M. 13 Fr Guiana. 1 2 Br Guiana. 3 5 1 2 Peru (Cuzco. Bio Petwyaye 1 OsPara. (m2, Brazil”: Il (10). 3 upf costal fold always conspicuous. Genitalia with uncus flanges as long as the uncus in continental sub-species: in island sub-species the flanges are short as in all other species of the genus. pigmalion. 6 sub-species. (a). Upf hyaline markings very broad, bands nearly touching, post-discal band on vein 4, 2 to 4 mm. wide: sub-apical spot in space 9g conspicuous: costal spot over cell spot vestigial. ¢ F 26 mm. Sub-sp. belus Godman & Salvin 1893: 3 Mexico: type B.M.: figured. Fig Seitz. Bayi 2s 19: Mexico. (b). Upf hyaline spots much narrower, from 2 mm. to complete absence: spot in space g rarely present: costal spot over cell spot usually conspicuous: upper basal blue streaks often absent. ¢ F 30 mm. Sub-sp. pigmalion Cramer 1779: “‘Surinam’”’: fig 245 A.B. Fig Seitz: G & S, genitalia. Fig Hayward 1948, $ and genitalia = hewttsontus. Synonyms. tenuistriga Mabille & Boullet 1912: ¢ Colom- bia: type B.M. vulcanides 3, tocularis 3, disparilis 2, Rober 1925, are believed to be minor variations of pigmalion. B.M. 7 3 Guatemala. 18 § Honduras. 2 3 1 9 Nicaragua. 1 $ Costa Rica. 6 $ Panama. 33 ¢ 2 2 Colombia. 235 29 Venezuela. 12 Trinidad. 43 19 Ecuador (Quito. Paramba). (c). More like belus, central band in space 3 and 4 is 2 to 3 mm. wide upf: spot in space 9 small or absent: spot on costa over cell spot conspicuous. ¢ F 28 mm. Sub-sp. hewitsonius Mabille 1883: ¢ Amazon: type B.M. | Fig Hewitson 1861 as pigmalion and Hayward 1948, g and genitalia. Synonyms. aberrans 3 Peru, jemadides 3 Bolivia: Rober 1925. 13 B.1. PHOCIDES B.M. 4 $ Ecuador (Zamba. Paramba). 1 g¢ Venezuela (Caura Riv). 1 g Br Guiana. 1 ¢ E. Peru (Chirimayo). 6 3 Bolivia. 22 $9 2 Amazons to S. Brazil. 12 3 Paraguay. 3 6 Argentine. (d). Upf hyaline discal band narrow, 13 mm. Blue markings much greener. $ F 27 mm. Sub-sp. bicolora Boddaert 1783: named from D’Aubenton’s figure of a specimen from Haiti. Synonym. pyres Godman & Salvin 1879: 2 Haiti: type B.M B.M. 83 8 9 Haiti. 1 $ Puerto Rico. (e) Upf unmarked except for vestigial basal blue striping. Uph more or less striped. ¢ F 25 mm. Sub-sp. batabano Lucas 1857: Cuba. Fig Seitz. Synonyms. mancimus Herrich-Schaffer: Cuba. batabanoides Holland 1902: Bahamas. B.M. 11 ¢ 62 Cuba. 2 $ Cayman Is. 1 3 Bahamas. (f). Similar, but upf striping absent, much reduced on uph and unh, obsolete on abdomen. Sub-sp. okeechobee Worthington 1881: Marco Is., Florida. B.M. 17 3 11 2 Florida. 12a (3c). Abdomen, blue or green striping continuous over the back, leaving no brown dorsal ridge. I2b (14). Palpi white as usual. Uph the stripe from the base of the cell, which in the pzgmalion group crosses the cell and runs along vein 2, is replaced by a short stripe in the cell and a longer one below the cell. ‘Thorax unstriped. 12 (13). Upf striping blue: markings as in urania, but the hyaline spots in spaces 5 and 6 are large and conjoined as in the pigmalion group. Resembles valgus and has the same wing shape. ¢ F 27 mm. Genitalia like urania. johnsoni Bell 1947: ¢ Cauca, Colombia: fig genitalia. B.M. 2 3¢ Colombia (Rio Chili). [3 (12). Upf striping green: wings more produced. urania. 2 sub-species. (a). Upf with aya spots as in the pigmalion group, but those in spaces 5 and 6 are small and separate. ¢ F 29 mm. 14 B.1. PHOCIDES Sub-sp. urania Westwood 1852: ¢ Mexico: type B.M. Fig Seitz: G & S, genitalia. Synonym. texana Scudder 1872: Texas. B.M. 15 3 1 2 Mexico. 9 ¢ 1 2 Guatemala. (b). Similar, but upf hyaline spots absent. ¢ F 28 mm. Sub-sp. vida Butler 1872: $ Costa Rica: type B.M. Fig Butler 1874: Seitz. B.M. 6 3 Costa Rica. 14 (12b). ‘“‘Palpi orange. Wing bases green. Cilia white. Upf dark blue spot mid cell.’”’ The figure has a green spotted collar and green striped thorax. Unh broad blue stripe along dorsum. Unf space 1a red. ¢ F 27 mm. imbreus Plétz 1879: C. America. Fig Seitz. B.M. None. 15a (3b). Above not Femadia-like. 15b (18). Upf with orange hyaline spots or tawny stripes uph or both. Resembling Mimoniades. 15c (17). Unh with blue stripes. 15 (16). Uph all the stripes blue or green. pialia. 3 sub-species. (a). F hyaline band broadening at dorsum and on vein 2 is 6 mm. wide: no apical spot in space 9. H striping blue. 3 F 32 mm. Palpi brown with a few white hairs. Sub-sp. maximus Mabille 1888: 2 Brazil: figured. B.M. 4329 Brazil (Sao Paulo. Petropolis. Rio. Espirito Santo. Novo Friborgo). (b). Similar, but hyaline band upf of uniform width 34-4 mm. wide: apical spot in space g present or absent. S F 31 mm. Sub-sp. parvus R6ber 1925: 3 Sao Paulo. Synonym. zancleius Bell 1932: 3 Blumenau: genitalia BM. 6 3 1 2 Brazil (Sao Paulo). (c). F hyaline band 3 mm. wide: sub-apical spot in space g always present. H striping green and more pronounced. Palpi about half brown and half white. ¢ F 31 mm. Sub-sp. pialia Hewitson 1857: $ Brazil: type B.M. Fig Seitz. 15 B.1. PHOCIDES B.M. 13192 Minas Geraes. 3 ¢ 3 2 Parana. 1 ¢ 22 Rio Grande do Sul. 1 $ Espirito Santo. 6 3 4 2 “Brazil’’. 16 (15). Uph striping tawny except for the greenish spots. Palpi below, white striped, cheeks yellowish, pectus white striped. Genitalia very like those of yokhara. 3 F 31 mm. oreides. 2 sub-species. (a).. Upf hyaline spots white: ray in space 1a unbroken. Sub-sp. columbiana Bell 1938: 3 Colombia. B.M. None. (b). Upf hyaline spots orange: ray in space 1a divided. Sub-sp. oreides Hewitson 1874: $ Para: type B.M.: figured (oreades on plate). Fig Seitz: Staudinger 1889. B.M. 16 3 Peru (Rio Colorado. Chanchamayo. Perene. Cuzco). 17 (15c). Unh and elsewhere striping tawny. ¢ F 34 mm. yokhara. 4 sub-species. (a). Upf and uph markings fully developed. Unf no submarginal band of yellow spots. Unh submarginal spot in space Ic tapers to vein 1b. Palpi and pectus black. Sub-sp. yokhara Butler 1870: 3 Peru: type B.M. Fig Seitz. B.M. 3 ¢ Colombia (Popoyan. Bogota). 24 $ Ecuador (Ambato. Rio Pastaza. Banos. Canales). 3 ¢ Peru (Amazonas, Chachapoyas). (b). Similar, but uph markings reduced to a short sub- basal stripe and a submarginal band. Upf typically with the usual hyaline spots, but they may be completely absent. Sub-sp. inca Le Cerf 1922: ¢ Charape Riv, Peru: type B.M. Synonym. prattz Le Cerf 1922: 3 Charape Riv, Peru: type B.M.: form without spots uph. B.M. 2 3 (inca) 8 3 (pratti). Type loc. (c). Unf and upf with submarginal ochreous scaled spots: otherwise as yokhara. Palpi and pectus often show traces of white or yellow scales. Sub-sp. dryas Le Cerf 1922: 3 N. Peru. B.M. 1 $ Colombia (Cauca). 3 “Br Guiana’’. 22 3 Peru (Perene. San Ramon. Huayabamba. Huambo. Pozuzo. Rio Colorado. Chanchamayo). 16 B.2. HYPOCRYPTOTHRIX (d). Markings much yellower: upf submarginal band and striping show a tendency to blue scaling. Palpi below centrally yellow, cheeks yellow, pectus white haired. Type has a dryas head, affixed to replace the original head. Sub-sp. charonotis Hewitson 1874: 3 Bolivia: type B.M. Fig Seitz. Synonyms. oreas and debora Mabille & Boullet 1912: ‘both 3, Bolivia. B.M. 2 3 “Peru” (probably Bolivia). 6 3 Bolivia. 18 (15b). Above, ochreous brown with white hyaline spots upf arranged as in pigmalion. Unh darker brown with yellow bands, also as in pigmalion. Palpi below, and pectus, yellow. lincea. 2 sub-species. (a). Upf hyaline spots very large and the discal band extending into space 1b. Unh yellow bands as broad as the dark areas between them. ¢ F 32 mm. Sub-sp. lincea Herrich-Schaffer 1869: no loc. Plétz MS figure in B.M. B.M. 3 3 French Guiana and no loc. (b). Upf hyaline spots reduced and not entering space rb. Unh yellow bands much narrower than the dark intervals. g F 27 mm. Sub-sp. perkinsi Kaye 1931: 3 Jamaica. B.M. 3 3 3 2 Jamaica. B.2. HYPOCRYPTOTHRIX Watson 1893: type teutas Hewitson: fixed by author. Single species. Above, dark shining blue. Upf with a central band of 3 large hyaline spots in cell, spaces 2 and 3, conjoined. Uph unmarked. Below as above. Head white spotted: collar, patagia and base of tegulae red. Below, palpi, pectus and legs white striped. ¢ F 22 mm. teutas Hewitson 1878: § St Paulo, Upper Amazons: type B.M. Genitalia fig by Williams & Bell 1933. B.M. 13 type. 1d San Augustin, Mapiri, W. Bolivia. 17 B.3. TARSOCTENUS B.3. TARSOCTENUS Watson 1893: type praecia Hewit- son: fixed by author as plutia Hewitson, a sub-species of praecia. A genus intermediate between Phocides and Augiades, having the palpi as specified for the group. Uncus simple, pointed, with more or less developed short flanges. la (3). F with a hyaline spot before end cell, between the central cell spot and the apical spots. 1 (2). 3 2 alike, with hyaline spots on F and blue stripes on both wings, as in Femadia, Granila and Phocides (pigmalion group). Upf a blue bar defining end cell. Unh blue spot end cell against, and in line with, the spots in spaces 6 and 7 above it. ¢ F 24 mm. papias Hewitson 1857:2 Amazons: type B.M.: figured. Fig Seitz. Genitalia fig. Williams & Bell 1933. B.M. 23 Br Guiana. 15 $ 5 2 Amazons (Para to Upper Putumayo). 2 (1). 3 without blue striping: above, thorax and wing bases broadly orange or red: unh plain black except for some yellow or red scaling at the base. 92 entirely different, blue striped and very like papias, but unh the spot end cell is completely separate from the spots in spaces 6 and 7. g F 23 mm. ¢ resembles species of ——— corytus. 3 sub-species. (a). F lower spot in space 1b small, rhomboidal. ¢ thorax and bases orange: upf 5 apical spots, in spaces 4 to 8. 2 striping bright blue. Sub-sp. guadialis Hewitson 1876: ¢ Chiriqui. FigG&S. Fig Seitz as dubius but colouring too red. Synonym. perissographus Mabille 188g: 2 Chiriqui: type B.M.: figured. Fig G & 5S: Seitz. dubius Draudt 1921: name on plate, guadialis in text. B.M. 1 3 Nicaragua. 63 62 Panama. 8 ¢ 2 2 Colombia. (b). F lower spot in space 1b very narrow and elongate. 3 above, thorax and bases orange: apical spots reduced to from I to 4. Q striping whiter. Sub-sp. corytus Cramer 1777: 3 Surinam: fig 100oC. Fig Seitz. 18 B.3. TARSOCTENUS Synonym. pyramus Cramer 1782: 3 Surinam: fig 245E. B.M. 3 3 Para. (c). Similar to corytus, but in $ thorax and bases red: below, pectus and base unh red instead of yellow: upf spot in space 3 often reduced or absent and sometimes no apical spots. Sub-sp. corba nov: ¢ Pebas, Amazonas: type B.M. B.M. 13 Br Guiana. 1 $ Ecuador. 9 3 3 2 Amazons (Ega. Tonantins. Nauta. Teffe. Pebas). 2 ¢ Peru (Loreto. Moyabamba). 3 (1a). F without an outer hyaline spot in cell. @ like 2. $ F 27 mm. praecia. 5 sub-species. (a). Upf in addition to the 3 large central hyaline spots, there is usually a lower spot in space 1b, a spot .beyond the band in space 3, and 4 or 5 apical spots. Uph and unh with 2 blue bands. Above, thorax and basal striping greenish yellow. Sub-sp. praecia Hewitson 1857: $ Santarem: type B.M.: figured. Fig Seitz (no spot in space 1b upf, but present in type). Synonym. herrichi Herrich-Schaffer 1869: ¢ ? loc. Fig Seitz. B.M. 3 3 3 2 Lower Amazons (Para. Santarem). Geni- talia fig by Williams & Bell 1933. (b). Upf only the central band: rarely an apical dot in 4, 4in 2. Uphand unh blue bands reduced, unh outer band not above vein 6. Above thorax and bases tawny. Sub-sp. rufibasis Mabille 1910: ¢ Cayenne. Fig Mab & Boullet 1912 and in Seitz. B.M. 1 3 Trinidad. 44 19 Br Guiana. 5 3 3 2 Fr Guiana. (c). Upf central spots as usual and at apex several blue spots, which in 2 are continued parallel to the termen, meeting a double blue bar under the discal band, which bar is more or less visible in the $. Uph and unh the inner blue band absent. Above thorax and basal areas red. Sub-sp. plutia Hewitson 1857: 3 Villa Nova, Amazons: type B.M.: figured. Fig in Seitz. Genitalia fig Williams & Bell 1933: A.H.—3 Ig B.4. PHANUS Synonym. bivittatus Mabille & Boullet 1912: 1 ¢ Ama- zons: type B.M. B.M. 1 3 Ecuador (Rio Napo). 4 3 1 2 Upper Amazons. (d). Above unmarked except for red hairs on thorax and bases. Unf white central band as usual. Unh unmarked except for some red scaling at the base as in corytus corba, of which it may be an extreme form, but the conspicuously white-ringed abdomen indicates an alliance with praecia. Sub-sp. erebus Pl6tz 1879: $ Bahia. Fig Seitz. B.M. None. -(e). Near rufibasis. Upf blue iridescence more con- spicuous: clothing of thorax and wing bases dark red and reduced. Upf submarginal blue markings conspicuous, also two streaks under the hyaline band. Unf with apical blue spots and a large suffused pale blue area in space rb, in continuation of the discal hyaline band, which is much wider at the costa. Unh the outer blue band continuous from space Ic to space 6: inner band absent at base of space 2: a blue spot at end of cell. Sub-sp. luna nov: 3 Buenavista, E. Bolivia: type B.M. B.M. 2 ¢ type loc. B.4. PHANUS Hiibner 1819: type witreus Stoll: sole species included by author. A genus with 4 very similar species. la (3a). F hyaline streak in space 2 divided beyond its middle: the upper portion short and bluntly rounded, not reaching the hyaline spot in space 3, which is not divided but outwardly excavate: lower cell streak divided. 1 (2). H cell streak and spot end cell conjoined. Markings broad. g F 22 mm. vitreus Stoll 1781: Surinam: figured. Fig Seitz: genitalia fig G & S.: Hayward 1948, 3 and genitalia. Synonyms. momus Fabricius 1787: Fr Guiana. godmani Williams & Bell 1931: 3 Nicaragua: genitalia figured. B.M. 263 2 Mexico. 5 5 1 2 Guatemala. 3 ¢ 1 2 Hon- duras. 3 6 1 9 Nicaragua. 1 3 5 2 Costa Rica. 12392 Panama. 7 3 10 9 Colombia. 5 ¢ 3 2 Venezuela. 35 42 20 B.4. PHANUS Tranidade 4g. o 9 br Guiana, 4 6779 Fr Guiana; Aes aurimlant 4.0) © eevador. Oia se Peru. 5 o 7.9 Bolivia. 24 ¢ 27 2 Amazons. 24 5 23 2 Brazil. 2 9 Para- guay. 2 (1). H cell streak and spot end cell wide apart: the spot in space 6 over the spot end cell is very small and situated over and inside the outer edge of the spot end cell: in the other 3 species the spot in space 6 is much larger and more or less overlaps the edges of the spot end cell and the discal spot beyond. Larger, ¢ F 24 mm., darker due to markings being smaller. An apparently isolated species with considerably different. genitalia, marked on F like vitreus and on H like obscurtor. rilma nov: $ Guerrero, Mexico: O. T. Barron: type B.M. Bavie.4 gd 1. 2 type loc. 3a (1a). F hyaline streak in space 2 divided before its middle into 2 long narrow streaks. ¢ F 24 mm. 3 (4). F upper streak in space 2 shorter than the lower streak and not overlapping the spot in space 3, which is U-shaped: spots in space 1b widely separated. H cell streak and spot end cell wide apart. A dark species with narrow markings. obscurior Kaye 1924: ¢ Trinidad. B.M. 4 3 Nicaragua. 3 3 4 2 Costa Rica. 3 ¢ Panama. aeoge enezucia. 1,4) br Guiana. 1 g"r 2) Surimam, 18 $ 10 9 Trinidad. 1 $ Peru (Pebas). 16 3 10 9 Brazil (Up Amazons. Parana. Rio. Espirito Santo). _ 4 (3). F upper streak in space 2 as long as the lower streak and completely overlapping the spot in space 3, which is. V-shaped: lower streak in cell undivided: spots in space tb overlapping. H cell streak and spot end cell usually united along their upper edges. Markings broad. marshallii Kirby 1880: 3 ‘Trinidad: type Dublin Museum. Fig Waterhouse 1882 (Aid: pl 37): Williams & Bell 1931 | with genitalia fig. B.M. 3 2 Mexico. 2 9 Guatemala. 2 ¢ 2 2 Honduras. ie Costa Rica. 1 ¢ 1 ? Panama, ¥1'¢-5 2 Venezuela. 21 B.s. UDRANOMIA 34122 BrGuiana. 49592 FrGuiana. 2312 Surinam. 21 3 8 2 Trinidad. 11 g 13 2 Brazil (Lower Amazons. Pernambuco. Matto Grosso. Espirito Santo). 1 g Ecua- dor (Paramba). 3 3 7 2 Bolivia (Sara, Santa Cruz de la Sierra). B.5. UDRANOMIA Butler 1870: type orcinus Felder: type fixed by author. Synonym. Hydraenomia Butler 1870: correction of Udranomia made 2 months later, but, as derivation was not hinted at in the original description, the change is invalid. la (4). H cell much longer than § wing. Uph a single large spot across cell before its middle. 3 upf with costal fold. 1 (2a). Upf outer spot in space 2 broken into 2 spots, which may inwardly be narrowly conjoined: upper part of central cell spot often joined to the outer spot. Unh no small detached pale spot mid cell in centre of the dark central band: veins centrally whitened. 3 F 133 mm. orcinus Felder 1867: 3 Bahia: figured: type B.M. Fig Seitz ¢: G & S genitalia. B.M. 1 & Guatemala. 1 9 Panama. 2 2 Fr Guiana. 1 ¢ Peru (Tarapote). 5 3 9 2 Brazil (Para. Itaituba. Ega. Rio Grande. Minas Geraes. Matto Grosso). 1 2 Bolivia. 2a (1). Upf outer spot in space 2 as large as the inner spot and unbroken: inner and outer cell spots separate. 2 (3). Unh with a small detached pale spot mid cell in centre of the dark central band: veins not white. ¢ F I5 mm. kikkawai Weeks 1906: 3 Venezuela. Fig Weeks rgrt. B.M. 12 Mexico. 2 2 Guatemala. 2 9 Honduras. 1¢ 12 Panama. 2 ¢ 11 2 Br-Guiana. 292 Fr Guiana. 16¢ 19 2 Brazil (Ega. Rio Tapajos. Villa Nova. Matto Grosso). 3 (2). Unh no pale spot mid cell in centre of the dark central _ band: veins in middle yellow in g. ¢ F 164 mm. Upf spot in space 1b minute and an iridescent green streak running under vein 2. Head and thorax dark iridescent green. Palpi at side with a dark central line. Unh central 22 B.6. DREPHALYS pale band does not extend to dorsum, ends at vein 2 and there is a large detached spot beyond against vein 1b: submarginal irregular band absent above vein 2: this band in orcinus is continuous throughout, in kikkawai complete but discontinuous. eurus Mabille & Boullet 1919: 3 Venezuela. B.M. 1 ¢ Amazons (St Paulo d’Olivenca). 1 2 Venezuela (Sierra Merida). 4 (1a). H cell = $ wing. Uph 2 conjoined hyaline spots before mid cell. Above, reddish brown, darkening out- wardly. All hyaline markings very small arranged much as in orcinus. $ upf no costal fold. ¢ F 12 mm. Apex F not produced and cell < dorsum. Unh frosted over with white scaling. 2 uph hyaline spots absent. | spitzii Hayward 1942: § Matto Grosso: genitalia figured. B.M. 1 6 Lower Amazons. 2 $ Ceara. 1 9 Goyaz. 10 ¢ 3 2 Matto Grosso. 1 $ Sao Paulo. B.6. DREPHALYS Watson 1893: type Aelixus Hewitson: fixed by author. Synonym. Paradros Watson 1893: type phoenice Hewitson: fixed by author. Typically these 2 genera appear very different, but they are connected by intermediate species and the genitalia conform to a general pattern. la (6a). Uph with a macular central and a subtornal band of yellow spots: uppermost spot, in space 6, detached. tb (5). Unh cell traversed by a white band. 1c (4). This band extends above the cell. I (2a). Unh ground colour uniform purple brown. 3 with costal fold. H elongate at tornus. § F 22 mm. helixus 2 sub-species. (a). Unh white band ends at vein 7. Sub-sp. helixus Hewitson 1877: ¢:?loc: type B.M. Fig G &S, 3 and genitalia: Seitz. B.M. 6 3 Panama. (b). Unh white band reaches costa. Sub-sp. heraclides Bell 1942: 3 Peru: genitalia figured. B.M. None. 23 B.6. DREPHALYS 2a (1). Unh basal area bright yellow. 2 (3). Unh white band reaches vein 8 well before its end. 3 F 24 mm.: no costal fold. phoenicoides Mabille & Boullet 1919: 3 Brazil. B.M. 2 ¢ 2 2 Br Guiana. 1 9 Fr Guiana. 1 ¢ Para. in? Brazil. 3 (2). Unh band very broad, 10 mm., reaching apex above end of veins. ¢ F 25 mm.: with a costal fold upf. phoenice Hewitson 1867: 2 Amazons: type B.M. Fig Hewitson 1873: Seitz (badly). BLM. 12 Br Guiana. 3 ¢ Fr Guiana. 3 ¢ 7 2 Amazons (Para. Ega). 4 (1c). Unh band not extending above cell, reaching vein 1b below cell: a conspicuous black subtornal spot crossed by a white band: base usually yellow. ¢ F 22 mm.: a narrow costal fold upf. dumeril Latreille 1824: 3 ? loc: type Paris Mus. Fig Seitz. Synonym. formosus Felder 1867: 2 Bahia: type B.M.: figured. Fig G & S, 3 and genitalia: Seitz (badly). B.M. 6g 1 2 Panama. 1 9 Venezuela. 1 9 Br Guiana. I g Surinam. 1 g¢ Fr Guiana. 1 ¢ Ecuador (La Chima). 4 6 3 2 Brazil (Bahia. Maranham. Joinville). 5 (1b). Unh no white band across cell: a more or less conspicuous yellow spot beyond end cell and a black sub- tornal spot crossed by a yellow band: wing glazed purple brown. ¢ with costal fold upf. Oriander. 2 sub-species. (a). g F 25 mm. Above darker, basal clothing dull olivaceous. Upf hyaline markings larger, cell spot and spot at base of space 2 overlap: non-hyaline markings on both wings smaller and duller. Unf pale spot in space 1b absent. Unh all pale markings faint. Clasp differs slightly. Sub-sp. oria nov: ¢ Honduras: type B.M. B.M. 23 1 2 Honduras. (b). ¢ F 24 mm. Above, much brighter, basal clothing bright orange, also the larger non-hyaline markings: hyaline markings smaller and upf the spots in cell and 24 B.6. DREPHALYS space 2 do not overlap. Unf conspicuous yellow spot in space 1b and unh spot end cell prominent. Sub-sp. oriander Hewitson 1867: ¢ Amazons: type B.M. Synonym. pléizi Mabille & -Boullet: 9 Fr Guiana. B.M. 1 3 “Honduras”. 1 2 Br Guiana. 1 g Surinam. 1d Peru (Rio Ucayali). 12 3 21 9 Brazil (Para. Maran- ham). 6a (1a). Uph without such markings. 6 (7a). Uph entirely tawny except for the narrow dark border. Upf base to cell spot tawny. Unh basal half yellow, outer half purple brown, spot end cell conspicuous. 3 F 20 mm., upf with costal fold. talboti Le Cerf 1922: $ Fr Guiana: type B.M. Pavia br. Guiana’, 2 .¢ Surinam.) 1°3) «Amazons (‘T'apajos). 7a (6). Uph dark brown, with or without markings. 7 (8a). Unh unmarked except for a yellow hyaline spot about end cell: the basal half yellow, outer half purple brown. Uph plain, only with the spot at end cell. F 23 mm. atinas Mabille 1888: 3? loc: figured. Genitalia fig Williams and Bell 1934, who record 2 ¢ from Peruvian Amazonas. B.M. None. 8a (7). Unh with more extensive pale markings. 8b (11a). Unh the central spot not extending above the geil. 8c (10). Unh the central spot extending as a band to vein rb. 8 (9). Unh basal half of wing yellow, outwardly purple brown: pale areas as above: termen conspicuously dark brown. Above as eous but bases and non-hyaline mark- ings much yellower: uph central band continued under vein 6 as in olvina and the subtornal band extended into space 2, as in phoenice. Unf costa bright ochreous to middle and dorsum broadly from base to outer edge of the spot in space 2: apex broadly purple brown. ¢ F 18 mm.: no costal fold. Palpi pale yellow. 25 B.6. DREPHALYS opifex nov: 3 Berg-en-Daal, Dutch Guiana: type B.M. B.M. Only the type. 9 (8). Unh purple brown, costa broadly white to middle, not tapered: central band as above, but continued to vein tb and dorsum whitish beyond band: subtornal white area as above: tornus and most of spaces 2 and 3 beyond the band are very dark brown. Above as eous but on uph the central band is prolonged towards the termen under vein 6. Unf costa and apex broadly purple brown, base costa obscure yellowish, small dark areas in spaces 4 and 5 below the apical spots: white markings as in eous: © F 17mm. Palpi and pectus white. olvina nov: 2 Carimang River, Br Guiana: type B.M. B.M. Only the type. 10 (8c). Unh central white spot not extending beyond cell, the detached spot in space tc is followed by a large sub- tornal white spot over the darkened tornus. Above as eous but uph the central band is confined to the cell and the basal quarter of spaces 4 and 5. Unf as eous. Unh dark ferruginous brown, costa broadly white tapering out at apex. Palpi and pectus whitish. Cilia brown, white in space 1b on F and spaces 2 to 4 on H. ¢ F 17 mm.: no costal fold upf. olva nov: 3 Isle Marajo, Para: type B.M. B.M: 1 @ 4 9 type lee. Ila (8b). Unh the central spot extending as a band on either side of the cell. 11 (12a). Unh and uph with a conspicuous subtornal white spot. Above, non-hyaline markings yellow in 3, white in 9. ¢ F 17 mm.: with costal fold upf. eous Hewitson 1867: 2 Para: type B.M. Fig Hewitson 1873 and in Seitz. B.M. 1 3 Fr Guiana. 4 ¢ 6 2 Amazons (Para). 12a (11). Uph no subtornal white spot. 12 (13). Unh basal three-fifths white, absorbing the band: outer part chocolate. Uph central white band parallel to 26 B.7. AUGIADES termen, running from vein 7 to dorsum. ¢ F 18 mm.: 3 with costal fold. alcmon Cramer 1779: Surinam: pl 261D,E. Fig Seitz. B.M. 1 9 “Honduras”. 1 ¢ 4 9 Br Guiana. 2 § 22 Fr Guiana. 1g 12 Surinam. 5 ¢ 6 2 Amazons (Para. Ega). 13 (12). Unh base yellow up to central band. Upf spotting abnormal: outer spot in cell under origin of vein Io instead of vein g as usual: inner cell spot small, against upper edge in 3, absent in 9: @ has a dot in space 4 and the other spots are larger. Uph unmarked in ¢: ? with a short central white band from middle of space tc to base of space 6. Unf costa from base to outer cell spot yellow: in @ the cell spot is joined to the yellow area. Unh central silver band 14 mm. wide from vein rb to vein 8: in 2 the band is continued to the pale dorsal area, which extends to the termen: outwardly broadly choco- late, bearing centrally ($ only) a narrow irregular post- discal line of bluish-white scales from vein 1b to vein 7. Palpi below white: thorax and abdomen yellow. 3g F 18 mm.: no costal fold: H prolonged at tornus. hypargus Mabille 1891: 2 Amazons: M.S. fig of type in B.M. B.M. 1 2 Br Guiana. 1 9 Fr Guiana. 1 ¢ 1 9 Amazons (Manaos and Obidos). B.7. AUGIADES Hibner 1819: type crinisus Cramer: fixed by Butler 1870. Inwardly ferruginous, outwardly dark brown, with or without small hyaline spots upf. | (2). Upf usually fully spotted, but variable and, particu- larly in N. Brazil, the spots tend to become obsolete: but in all specimens the spots in cell and at base of space 2 are traceable. Unh always with a broad central and a narrower post-discal orange band. 3 F 23 mm. crinisus Cramer 1780: Surinam: pl 300 GH. Fig in Seitz. B.M. 5 3 2 2 Costa Rica. 2g Colombia. 18 ¢ 13 9 Vene- giclee Irinidad:.. 17 36) 13,9 Br Guiana:® 3/699 Surinam. 12 § 12 2 Fr Guiana. 3 ¢ 2 ¢ Peru (Lobitas. a) B.8. HYALOTHYRUS Yahuas. Rio Maranon. Amazonas). 29 Bolivia. 55 3 422 N. Brazil (Amazons. Bahia. Maranham. Pernambuco. Matto Grosso). 2 (1). Upf usually unspotted, but in bicolor the apical spots are sometimes present and in epimethea 9° all the spots are rarely present as dots. Clasp of genitalia very different from that of crinisus. epimethea. 2 sub-species. (a). Above, basal half F and most of H bright tawny, much as in crinisus. Unf with the central band of crinisus (from costa, through cell to base of space 2) more or less conspicuous. Unh the orange bands as in crimisus. 6. F-23 mm, Sub-sp. bicolor Mabille & Boullet 1919: ¢ Santarem: type B.M. Resembles Seitz fig of epzmethea, upperside. B.M. 2¢ 192 Fr Guiana. 4 5 2 9 N. Brazil (Santarem. Obidos. Matto Grosso. Pernambuco. Maranham). 3 3 E. Bolivia (Buenavista). (b). Above, basal third reddish orange: uph uniform dull brownish. Unf unmarked. Unh the yellow bands obsolete. g F 25 mm. Sub-sp. epimethea Plotz 1883: Brazil. Resembles Seitz fig of epimethea, underside. Synonym. cydana Schaus 1912: Petropolis. B.M. 123 1425S. Brazil (Rio. Espirito Santo. There- sopolis. ‘Tijuco). B.8. HYALOTHYRUS Mabille 1878: type mztocris Cramer: fixed by Kirby 1880. Synonyms. Lignyostola Mabille 1903: type pemphigargyra Mabille: sole species included. Mionectes Mabille 1903: type infernalis Moschler: sole species included. Plagiothyrus Mabille & Boullet 1919: type Jeucomelas Mabille: sole species included. Onzis Lindsey 1925: to replace Mionectes preoccupied by Cabanis 1844. The genitalia and structure indicate a close affinity between the 5 species: neleus is sexually dimorphic. 28 B.8. HYALOTHYRUS | (2a). Unh orange yellow except for the dark brown apex. H tibiae with a single pair of spurs. infernalis. 2 sub-species. (a). $2 upf always with a lower spot in space 1b. Unh with a more or less developed tornal dark area. ¢ F 23 mm. Sub-sp. infernalis Moéschler 1876: Cayenne: figured. Fig Seitz. Synonym. hesychius Moéschler MS 1876: = infernalis. Pay rong 02 br Guiana 22" Surinam. “13 (oo 7 O Fr Guiana. 6 3 5 2 Amazons (Ega. ‘Tapajos. Santarem). (b). 3 upf no lower spot in space rb. Unh 39 no dark tornal area. Sub-sp. infa nov: ¢ Florida, Upper Putumayo: type B.M. B.M. 1 3 Ecuador (Rio Napo). 25 ¢ 25 2 Amazons (Iquitos. Upper Putumayo. Pebas. Ega. Teffe. St Paulo). 2a (1). Unh not yellow. H tibiae with 2 pairs of spurs. 2 (3a). Above, grey powdered: uph with a large central oval hyaline white spot. ¢ F 20 mm. leucomelas Geyer 1832: 2? 5S. America: fig 623-4. Fig Seitz. Bei ¢ 2° Panama. 1° Peru. 31 6 37 9 Brazil (Para. Santarem. Obidos. Cameta. Rio Madeira). 3a (2). Above, no grey scaling: no hyaline spot uph. 3b (5). ¢ 2 unh with a white area from base, which is always wider at the costa than at the dorsum, the whole of space 8 being white. 3 (4). Uph unmarked black. Unh white basal area occupying less than half the wing. ¢ F 18 mm. nitocris Stoll 1782: Surinam: pl 393 F.G. Fig Seitz. B.M. 1235 102 Fr Guiana. 49 5 2 Surinam. 4¢ 19 Br Guiana. 4 (3). 32 uph with a broad white central area. Unh two thirds of wing white. ¢ F 20 mm. mimicus Mabille & Boullet 1919: 2 Peru. Genitalia fig Williams & Bell 1934. Hayward 1948, 3 and genitalia. B.M. 2 ¢ Colombia (Villa Vicencio). 12 3 9 2 Upper Amazons. 4 ¢ Venezuela. 29 B.o. PHAREAS 5 (3b). 3g entirely very dark brown, unmarked above or below: palpi below orange. @ like mimicus: upf fully spotted: uph with a broad white central area reaching dorsum: unh mostly white, but the dark border curls over apically and at least enters end of space 8, usually running narrowly to the base: Palpi below white. neleus. 3 sub-species. (a). 2 dark border on H usually diminishing to a point tornally and not reaching tornus. $ F 23 mm. Sub-sp. pemphigargyra Mabille 1888: 2 Chiriqui: type B.M. Fig G & 5, ¢ as neleus, genitalia as lacydus: Seitz Q, as neleus 3. Synonym. niger Réber 1927: ¢ Colombia. B.M. 29 Honduras. 3 ¢ 49 Nicaragua. 3 3 3 2 Panama. 3 6 3 2 Colombia. 2 9 Venezuela. 2 ¢ Br Guiana. 1 ¢ Surinam. I g 1 2 Amazons. (b). 9 dark border even throughout (or slightly diminish- ing), reaching dorsum just above tornus. ¢ F 25 mm. Sub-sp. neleus Linnaeus 1758: 2 “Indiis”. Fig Clerck Icones pl 45 as “‘mileus 187’: 2 fig Seitz as neleus Q. Synonyms. priscus Felder 1862: 2 Brazil: type B.M. Fig Felder 1867. lacydus Druce 1876: 3 Ucayali, Peru: type B.M. aon Godman MS 1907 = lacydus. B.M. 3 3 3 2 Fr Guiana. 7 $ 13 2 Peru (Rio Morena. Rio Pacaya. Ucayali. Chambireyacu. Amazonas). 13 3 19 2 Amazons (Nauta. St Paulo. Tapajos. Ega). 19 W. Bolivia (Reyes). (c). 2 large, 26mm. Uph dark border very broad, 7 mm., and even. Unh the dark border ends one-third along costa, basal two-thirds being white. Sub-sp. neda nov: 2 Bolivia, Farinas La Paz: type B.M. B.M. 1 3 9 2 Bolivia (Farinas. Buenavista. Sara, Santa Cruz de la Sierra). B.9. PHAREAS Westwood 1852: type coeleste Westwood: sole species included at time of publication of plate, which preceded the publication of the text (fide Hemming 1941). Synonym. Grynopsis Watson: type coeleste Westwood: fixed by author. 30 B.10 ENTHEUS Single species. Above, dark shining blue with con- spicuous white spots upf: the spot in space rb is elongate basad along vein 1 in g, rounded in 9. Unh orange with a broad dark border from costa to end of vein 3. Cilia white chequered. ¢ F 27 mm. coeleste Westwood 1852: ¢ Para: type B.M.: figured. Fig Seitz. B.M. 3 5 3 2 Colombia (Villa Vicencio). 8 3 4 @ Br Guiana. 1 ¢ Surinam. 83 5 @ Fr Guiana. 3 5 1 2 Ecua- dor. 2 ¢ 8 @ Peru (Yahuamayo. Chambireyacu. Ama- zonas). 12 6 17 2 Brazil (Para. Santarem. Upper Putu- mayo). 3 3 7 2 Bolivia (Sara, Santa Cruz de la Sierra). B.10. ENTHEUS Hiibner 1819: type priassus Linnaeus: sole species included was peleus Linnaeus, which is a synonym of priassus. Synonym. Peleus Swainson 1832: type peleus Linnaeus: fixed by author. The similarity of the females renders identification diffi- cult: such characters as there are, have been dealt with fully. In this connection the 2 genitalia are of assistance, having on either side of the ovipositor a Pied process, not unlike a $ clasper. I (2a). 3 upf all the vinnie hyaline white; basal third orange: discal band narrow, continuous, tapering from radius to middle of space 1b: apical band continuous: spot in space 3 midway between the bands: no lower spot ‘in space 1b. Uph orange except for a narrow dark brown border, which continues along the costa to the base. ? upf marked as in g. 3 ¢ with 2 pairs of spurs on H tibiae: no tibial hair pencil in g. $ F 18 mm. eumelus. 2 sub-species. (a). 3 upf with a broad costal fold (fide Williams & Bell): uph with a splash of brown hairs in middle of disc. 2 upf in addition to the usual, somewhat restricted, orange streak at base cell, there is also a narrow orange streak along the dorsum from base to beyond middle: uph the veins mid disc darkened, narrowly in Cramer’s figure, broadly and conjoined in B.M. specimens, on the dark 31 B.10. ENTHEUS orange ground: unf base pale orange, also all unh except for the dark border, which ends broadly mid costa. Sub-sp. eumelus Cramer 1777: 2 ? loc: fig 156E. Fig Seitz. Synonym. mina Williams & Bell 1931: ¢ Dutch Guiana: figured. The figure of the 2 = gentius 9. B.M. 22 Br Guiana. 3 2 Fr Guiana. (b). 3 upf no costal fold: uph unmarked except for the dark border, which varies in width. 2 upf no orange dorsal streak: uph white with a 2-mm. wide dark brown border from base along costa and termen to tornus: unf red basal streak as above and discal band continued to costa and broadly to tornus, whencea white streak runs along the dor- sum towards the base: unh dark border runs to base costa. Sub-sp. ninyas Druce 1912: 3 Bolivia: type B.M.: figured. B.M. 1 $ Colombia (Utica, Cundinamarca: border H broad). 2 3 Bolivia. 5 ¢ 5 9 Para. 1 g 1 2 Matto Grosso. I 2 Goyaz. 2a (1). ¢ upf with yellow or red, mostly opaque, markings. 3 2H tibiae without the upper pair of spurs (may be vestigial in 2). g, first segment of tarsus swollen and grooved on the outer edge to take a hair pencil, emanating from the upper end of the tibia. 2b (4a). g above, basal half F and all except border H, yellow or orange. 2 unf base cell red or yellow. 7 2 (3). 3g above, yellow and black, discal band opaque; apical band hyaline, straight and continuous: no spot in space 3 (1 B.M. specimen has a narrow streak): costal vein darkened on basal yellow area. 2 upf no spot in space 3, nor a lower spot in space 1b: discal and apical bands straight and continuous: uph white area oval, not reaching dorsum: unf red basal streak conspicuous. Abdomen above, dark brown, yellow at sides in $ and white in 9. 3 tibial pencil red-brown. $ F 21 mm. . lemna Butler 1870: 3 ? loc: type B.M. Fig Butler 1874: Swainson 1832 as gentius: Seitz 3 and 9. Synonyms. berytus Hewitson 1877: 2 ? loc: type B.M. annae Plotz 1883: 2 Para: copy of MS fig in B.M. schmithti Hoffman 1932: ¢ Santa Catharina. B.M. 163 82S. Brazil (Rio. Espirito Santo). 32 B.10. ENTHEUS 3 (2). g§ above orange and black, rhomboidal spot in space 3 — upf: markings generally opaque except for upper part of apical band, but sometimes more of the markings are hyaline: very variable in respect of size, tone of orange colouring and width of dark border H. 9 upf red basal streak conspicuous: discal and apical bands discontinuous generally: spot mid costa rarely present: lower spot in space 1b always present and usually as large as the upper spot. Uph central white area continued full width to _ dorsum. Unf base cell yellow, generally turning reddish outwardly. Abdomen yellow in 3, white in 2, when fresh. 3 F 15-21 mm. ¢ genitalia asymmetric in respect of the uncus and the form of the clasp very variable. 2 genitalia with processes at the side of the ovipositor furnished with long spines. gentius Cramer 1779: 3 Surinam: fig 179C. Fig Seitz 3: fig by Swainson 1832 = lemna: 9 fig Williams & Bell 1931 as mina &. Synonyms. concinna Plétz 1883: 3 Para. Fig Seitz. osiris Plotz MS 1883: = concinna. sirtus Mabille 1897: 2 Fr Guiana: type B.M. latior Mabille & Boullet 1919: ¢ Fr Guiana. Pvt © Colombia. 27 6 10 9 Fr Guiana. 5.63.2 Br Guiana. 10 g Surinam. 1 ¢ 2 ¢ Ecuador (Sarayacu). 73292 E. Peru (Amazones). 1 3 Bolivia. 34 ¢ 8 2 Lower Amazons. 5¢ 19 Maranham. 17$¢ Up Amazons. 2¢ 5 9 Rio Madeira. 4a (2b). 3g above, black with red or yellow markings F, partially hyaline. 2 unf base cell grey, but costa more or less yellow scaled. Abdomen black in 3, brown in °. 4 (5). 3d upf large spot in space 3 conjoined inwardly to the discal band: uph entirely black. 2 upf the spot in space 3 rhomboidal and not nearer to the apical than to the discal band: no spot mid costa: 2 genitalia with the side processes broad with short spines. priassus. 3 sub-species. (a). g upf apical and discal bands not conjoined at costa: cell portion of discal band often hyaline: clothing of thorax, abdomen, below, and legs, including tibial tuft, Be) B.10. ENTHEUS bright orange. 2 upf lower spot in space rb as large as the upper spot: uph brown with an oval white discal area, which does not extend dorsally beyond the middle of space ic. § F 20 mm. Sub-sp. priassus Linnaeus 1758: 3 “Indiis”. Fig Seitz, 3 correctly: 2 lacks the lower spot in space 1b, which is nearly always present. Synonyms. talaus Linnaeus 1763: 2 Indiis: fig Clerck Icones 45/1. Fig Cramer pl 393C, a small dark specimen. peleus Linnaeus 1763: 3 Indiis: fig Clerck Icones 45/5. Fig by Cramer pl 284F = dius. aeacus Swainson 1832: ¢ S.-America: fig pl 75/1. _serenus Plétz 1883: 2 ? loc. Godman 1907 incorrectly = eumelus. cramerianus Mabille 1897: 2 Guiana, for Cramer’s fig of talaus. Fig in Seitz, $ = telemus, 2 = dus. B.M. 2332 Dutch Guiana. 83 5 2 Br Guiana. 275 25 2 Fr Guiana. 3 3 Trinidad. (b). 3 upf apical and discal bands often conjoined at costa: below, abdomen only dull ochreous, tibia tuft brown. 2 upf as priassus: uph central white area extends at full width to dorsum, where it is equal to or wider than the dark border. ¢ F 21 mm. Genitalia of ¢ somewhat modified, process at back of uncus shorter and ends of clasps more rounded. $ F 20 mm. Sub-sp. telemus Mabille 1897: 3 Brazil. Copy of Plotz MS figin B.M. Fig Seitz as cramerianus 3 (nec 2). Genitalia fig Williams & Bell 1934. B.M. 24 2 2 Ecuador (Sarayacu). 13 ¢ 8 2 Peru (Chan- chamayo. Chambireyacu. Chaquimayo. Cavallo Cochi. Ucayali. Yahuas). 30 ¢ 23 2 Amazons (Upper Putumayo to Para). 1 3 3 2 Maranham. 1 3 Pernambuco. 1 2 Rio Madeira. 2 ¢ 1 9 Anna River. (c). Larger ¢ F 22 mm. ¢ upf apical and discal bands apart: clothing below as telemus: genitalia as priassus. 2 upf apical band more regular, not disrupted: lower spot in space 1b smaller than the upper spot: red basal streak more extensive: uph central white area quadrate, just crossing vein 1A but not reaching dorsum and on vein IA narrower than the dark border to tornus. 34 B.10. ENTHEUS Sub-sp. pralina nov: 2 Espirito Santo: type B.M. B.M. 234172 Brazil (Espirito Santo. Rio. San Salvador. ‘“Brazil’’. ““Amazons’’). 5 (4). 3 upf spot in space 3 separate from the discal band. © upf the spot 1n space 3 always rather nearer to the apical than to the discal band. ¢ genitalia similar to priassus: 2 with the side processes narrow, with short spines. $ tibial tuft long, dense, tawny. matho. 4 sub-species. (a). g F24mm. ¢ upf discal band yellow, partly hyaline, like the post-discal hyaline markings: sometimes with a reddish basal streak: apical band in a regular, unbroken line: spot in space 3 very narrow, parallel and very close to the apical band: uph dorsum broadly pale yellow. 9 F 21 mm.: upf basal red streak long; spot mid costa faint or absent: lower spot in space 1b absent: apical band and spot in space 3 as in $: uph white area extends full width to the dorsum, where it is wider than the outer border. Sub-sp. matho Godman & Salvin 1879: $ Guatemala: type B.M. Fig Godman & Salvin 1893 and Seitz, $ and 9°. B.M. 1 3 Mexico. 1 $ Guatemala. 3 ¢ 2 2? Nicaragua. 8 3 6 2 Costa Rica (1 2 = dius). (b). ¢ F 24 mm. Upf discal band opaque red: no red basal streak: apical spots continuous, but more irregular: spot in space 3 rhomboidal: uph dorsum broadly white. 2 F 21 mm.: upf red basal streak conspicuous: no spot mid costa: apical band disrupted at vein 6: spot in space 3 narrow: lower spot in space 1b as large as upper spot: uph white area more extensive than in any other species, extending to tornus. Sub-sp. latifascius Hering & Hopp 1925: 2 Colombia: figured. Synonym. guadratus Bergman 1929: 3 Colombia. B.M. 1 $ Colombia (La Salva, San Juan, Choco Slopes, 4,600 ft.). 1 2 Bogota. 1 9 Rio Condoto, Choco, Colombia (markings reduced). 1 2 Ecuador, Paramba. (c). ¢ F 21 mm.: as latifascius. 9 F 23 mm.: basal red streak conspicuous, upf: spot mid costa vestigial: lower A.H.—4 35 B.11. CABIRUS spot in space 1b absent or small: spot in space 3 narrow, rectangular: apical band irregular and may be disrupted: uph white area reaches dorsum, but somewhat constricted and narrower than the dark border: antennae above, white banded below club. Sub-sp. aequatorius Mabille & Boullet 1919: 3 ? loc. B.M. 23 42 Ecuador (Balzapamba, Bolivar). 1 9 Ecuador (Sarayacu: more like matho 2). 1 3 6 2 Venezuela (El Mene de la Costa: smaller, 2 upf with spot mid costa). (d). g F 21 mm, as latifascius, but uph entirely black and spot in space 3 a more oblique rhomboid. 2 F 22 mm.: red basal streak conspicuous, also spot mid costa: spot in space 2 overlapping the cell spot: lower spot in space 1b rather smaller than the upper spot: apical band irregular and slightly disrupted: spot in space 3 a narrow rhomboid: uph white area as in aequatorius. Antennae plain, but in Panama and Colombia tend to be white banded below club. Sub-sp. dius Mabille 1897: 2 “Brazil”: type B.M. Fig Seitz, ¢ = aequatorius, 2 as dius and cramerianus. B.M. 3 ¢ 3 2 Panama. 5 5 3 2 Colombia. 3 ¢ 692 Br Guiana. 5 6 8 @ Fr Guiana. 1 $ Surinam. 3 ¢ Peru. 1 $ Bolivia. B.11. CABIRUS Hiibner 1819: type julettus Stoll: fixed by Scudder 1872. Synonym. Brontiades Hiibner 1819: type procas Cramer: fixed by Butler 1870. Single species. Sexually dimorphic: 3 metallic yellow with black borders: 2 white with more or less broadly darkened veins: resemble moths of the genera Sezrocastnia, Hyalura and Myona. $ F 20 mm. procas. 3 sub-species. (a). g upf dark dorsal area extends to vein 2. 2 uph dark veins as broad or broader than the pale interspaces. Sub-sp. procas Cramer 1777: 3 Surinam: plate 179 D. Fig in Seitz = junta. Synonym. julettus Stoll 1787: 2 Surinam: plate g/1. Fig Seitz. 36 B.11. CABIRUS boMieaeS br Guana, oid 1 2 Sutimam) 15676 2° Fr Guiana. 12 ¢ 5 2 Lower Amazons (Para. Santarem. Maranham). (b). 3 upf dark dorsal area not extending beyond the middle of space 1b. 2 with the veins narrowly darkened, = or narrower than the interspaces. Sub-sp. junta nov: 2 Chanchamayo, Peru: type B.M. ¢ fig Seitz as procas. B.M. 10 § 4 2 Peru (Chanchamayo. San Ramon, La Merced. Cuzco. Moyabamba). 5 ¢ Bolivia. 2 ¢ 1 2 Matto Grosso. (c). g as junta. 2 uph immaculate white except for the dark border, veins not darkened. Sub-sp. purda nov: 2 Pebas, Amazons: type B.M. B.M. 8 3g 2 2 Ecuador. 4 3 3 @ Peru (Lower Ucayali. Yahuas. Loreto. Rio Maranon). 10 ¢ 1 9 Amazons (Pebas. Tonantins). 37 Group C. URBANUS ANALYSIS OF GENERA A group of the Pyrginae characterised by the long fore- wing cell and the tailed or lobed hindwing: the proximity of veins 6 and 7 of the forewing: the short, non-divergent, palpi: the free-resting position of the imago, with the wings erect or flat. Antennae half as long as costa, shorter in Proteides, longer in Ridens: with a well-formed club and pointed apiculus: nudum 20 to 30 segments (34 in Zestusa). The differences in the form of the apiculus serve as an important aid to the classification of the genera. Palpi short: second segment appressed to face, third not protruding in front of the second. Zestusa is abnormal with long porrect palpi. Legs normal, except in Heronia, where the mid tibiae are spined. Forewing cell long or very long: lower median veinlet strongly marked: veins 6 and 7 are approximate at their origins and in Proterdes and Epargyreus they run close together, as in Phocides in the Augiades group. Hindwing vein 5 faint or absent: end of cell constricted in Proteides: vein 1A short. g usually with a costal fold: no brands or tibial tufts: alar tufts present in some species of Polythrix and in Typhedanus. In Chrysoplectrum the tibiae are furnished with a double row of spines as in Tarsoctenus in the Augiades group. Facies generally with hyaline spots on the forewing: uph unmarked and unh with dark bands. Protezdes and Epargy- reus have a remarkable resemblance to the Hesperiine genus Aides. The group is confined to America. la (6a). F cell very long, ? costa: upper end of cell generally nearer to the termen than to the origin of vein 11: lower 38 GROUP C. URBANUS median veinlet ending well before origin of vein 4: apex truncate. tb (5). F no spot in space g: origin of vein 4 nearer to origin of vein 6 than to origin of vein 3: lower median veinlet ending nearer to the origin of vein 3 than to origin of vein 4. 1c (4). H lobed, not tailed. 1d (3). F with hyaline spot mid costa and in space 1b. 1 (2). Antennae short, not reaching to origin of vein 3: club angled, nudum 9/15. 3 no costal fold. Proteides. 2 species. U.S.A.—Argentine. W. Indies. 2 (1). Antennae reach to origin of vein 3: club hooked, nudum 6/16. 3 with costal fold. Valva of clasp projecting inwards and bearing at end a tuft of long, thick hairs. Epargyreus. 15 species. Canada—Argentine, W. Indies. 3 (1d). F without a hyaline spot mid costa or in space 1b. Antennae short, not reaching to origin of vein 3: club hooked, nudum 8/14. ¢ no costal fold. Polygonus. 2 species. U.S.A.—Argentine. W. Indies. 4(1c). H with long tail. Antennal club hooked, nudum 8/15. 3 with a costal fold. Chioides. 5 species. U.S.A.—Argentine. W. Indies. 5 (1b). F with contiguous apical spots placed before or over end cell in spaces 8 and 9g, far apart from the spots in spaces 7 and 6. H lobed or tailed. Antennae hooked, nudum 5/18. 3 with costal fold. Aguna. 13 species. Mexico—Argentine. W. Indies. 6a (1a). F cell long, $ costa: upper end not nearer termen than to origin of vein II. 6b (10a. 13a). Antennae angled, bent beyond thickest part of club: length = $ costa. 6 (7a). F lower median veinlet ends well before origin of vein 4. F generally with a spot in space g as in Aguna. H tailed or produced. Antennae $ costa: nudum 11/10 39 GROUP C. URBANUS to 18/13. 3 no costal fold: uph with a hair tuft from near the base along space 1b. Typhedanus. 8 species. Mexico—Argentine. 7a (6). F lower median veinlet ends at origin of vein 4: no spot in space 9. 7 (8a). H tailed. Antennal nudum 12/14. F spot in space 3 approximate to the spot in space 2. ¢ with costal fold and in some species with costal hair tufts uph, correlated to a speculum unf. Polythrix. 13 species. Mexico—Argentine. 8a (7). H lobed, not tailed. 8 (9). Mid tibiae spined. Uph with a central hyaline spot. $ with costal fold. Antennal nudum 12/14. Heronia. 1 species. Peru—Bolivia. 9 (8). Mid tibiae smooth. 3 usually with a costal fold and hind tibiae with a double row of yellow spines. Antennal nudum 11/15. Chrysoplectrum. 7 species. Mexico—Brazil. 10a (6b. 13a). Antennal club broadly arcuate. Upf gener- ally with a hyaline spot in space 9g. 10b (12). Antennae < $ costa. ro (11). Markings abnormal: F with a second spot in space 2: H with hyaline discal spots. H lobed. 3 with costal fold. Nudum 34 segments. Palpi porrect, long and hai Petit 2 species. U.S.A.—Mexico. Il (10). Markings normal. H tailed or lobed. ¢ no costal fold. Nudum 22 segments. Palpi normal. Codatractus. g species. U.S.A.—Argentine. 12 (rob). Antennae long = 4 costa. H tailed or lobed. 3 with costal fold. Nudum 19 segments. Ridens nov: type Eudamus ridens Hewitson. 13 species. Mexico—S. Brazil. 40 GROUP C. URBANUS [3a (6b. 10a). Antennae hooked: nudum on apiculus longer than nudum on club. 13b (16a). F dorsum at end of vein 1 longer than the length of H at end of vein 6. 13 (14.15). H tailed: width of wing between ends of veins 1a and 2 = 3 width of costa. Antennae < 4 costa: nudum ~ 5/15. $ usually with a costal fold. Urbanus. 28 species. U.S.A.—Argentine. W. Indies. 14 (13.15). H generally without a tail: width of wing between ends of vein 1a and 2 much more than 4 width of costa. Antennae = } costa: nudum 4/21. 3 usually with costal fold. Astraptes. 34 species. Mexico—Argentine. W. Indies. 15 (13.14). H without a tail: typically costa narrow, not wider than width of wing between ends of veins 1a and 2. Antennae > 4 costa: nudum 3/21. ¢ costal fold narrow or absent. Calliades. 2 species. Br Guiana—Amazons and Bolivia. [6a (13b). F dorsum at end of vein 1 = or < the length of | H at end of vein 6. H not tailed. Antennae generally = 4 costa in ¢; shorter in °&. 16b (19a). H produced at tornus, so that vein 1a is longer than vein 8. 16 (17a). H apex evenly rounded and termen convex. F with a continuous hyaline band from costa to dorsum. Nudum 4/19. 3 no costal fold. Autochton. 13 species. U.S.A.—Argentine. 17a (16). H apex angled at end of vein 8. 17 (18). H termen straight. Upf unmarked or with separated hyaline spots. Nudum 3/18. ¢ with or without a costal fold. Achalarus. 6 species. U.S.A.—Colombia. 18 (17). H termen strongly convex. Antennae > 4 costa: nudum 9/17. 3 with a costal fold. F with a central band of large conjoined hyaline spots. Venada nov: type Telegonus advena Mabille. 1 species. Nicaragua—Peru. 4I C.i."PROTEIDES 19a (16b). H not, or only slightly, produced at tornus: veins 1a and 8 about equal. Upf with small separated hyaline spots. 1g (20). H termen evenly convex. ¢ with or without a costal fold. Nudum 3/19. Thorybes. 6 species. Canada—Panama. 20 (19). H termen more or less angled at end of vein 4. 3 with or without a costal fold. Nudum 1/18. Cabares. 3 species. Mexico—Argentine. W. Indies. Thirteen species have been removed from the overloaded genus Urbanus to Polythrix and 6 to Typhedanus. ‘The form of the genitalia and of the antennal club justify the rearrangement, which has been confirmed by the reports on the early stages made by the late Rev. A. Miles Moss (1949). A new genus, Ridens, has been created for 13 species hitherto included in Astraptes, also an overloaded genus. The justification for this step lies in the form of the antennal club and the facies: the genitalia do not help, as from Ridens to the end of the group they do not change in form. Another new genus, Venada, has been created for a species that it has been found impossible to include in any existing enus. | ; On the key character of the palpi, Zestusa should fall in Group E, but the antennal form, wing-shape and general appearance seem to indicate Group C as its proper place. Hyster has usually been placed next asander in the genus Aguna, but structurally it is very different. It has been moved to Codatractus, where itis better placed, though not a perfect fit. ANALYSIS OF SPECIES C.1. PROTEIDES Hiibner 1819: type mercurius Fabricius: fixed by Butler 1870. Synonym. Dicranaspis Mabille 1878: type mercurius Fabricius: sole species included was zdas Cramer, which is a synonym of mercurius. 42 C.1. PROTEIDES Antennae short, not reaching as far as origin of vein 3 F. Apiculus more angled and shorter: nudum g/15. No costal fold. Uncus arms connivent, gnathos undivided: clasp without any extension of the valva or the provision of specialised hairs as in Epargyreus. I (2). Above, dark brown with orange basal suffusion. Unh with a broad diffused pale central area. Abdomen white ringed at each segment. g F 30 mm. mercurius. 7 sub-species. (a). Upf fully spotted. Unh central area and termen white. Sub-sp. mercurius Fabrictus 1787: French Guiana. Fig Seitz: genitalia by G & S: both as zdas: Hayward 1948. Synonym. zdas Cramer 1779: Surinam: figured. A homonym of Papilio 1das Linnaeus 1758. bev 13,6739 Mexico: 7:3 1 2 Guatemala. 5 6 1.92 Nicaragua. 11g 1° 2 Honduras: 3 ¢ 5 2 Costa: Rica: 5612 Panama. 12 5 2 2 Colombia. 19 3 4 2 Venezuela. ieee Urinidad. 11 Pobago.) 4.6) Br Guianal ays Bemeder, 13 5 3.2 Peru. 83 22 Bolivias’7.¢.7 2 Para: 36 12 Rio Madeira. 5 ¢ 1 9 Minas Geraes. 1 ¢ Manicore. 8 $ Goyaz. 4 6 4 2 Matto Grosso. 21 g 42S. Brazil. Solgar araeuay.) 2-4» Argentine. (b). Upf central spots absent. Unh as mercurtus. Sub-sp. sanantonio Lucas 1857: Cuba. Fig Seitz. BM irs go 15 2 Cuba: (c). Upf spots reduced. Unh pale areas scaled violet grey. Sub-sp. jamaicensis Skinner 1920: 3 Jamaica. B.M. 5 3 4 Jamaica. (d). Upf fully spotted. Unh centrally white, margin brown. Sub-sp. sanchesi Bell & Comstock 1948: 3 Haiti. Raveena g\7 2 Harti, (e). $ upf spots faint. Unh centrally dull ochreous brown, margin dark brown. Head orange. _ Sub-sp. pedro DeWitz 1877: Porto Rico. Synonym. gundlachi Plotz 1882: Porto Rico. B.M. 3 46 1 2 Porto Rico. (f). Upf fully spotted. Unh centrally dull ochreous brown, a) C.2. EPARGYREUS margin dark brown and dark markings reduced. Head dark orange. Sub-sp. angasi Godman & Salvin 1886: 2 Dominica: figured: type B.M. B.M. 173 15 2 Dominica. 2 3 5 2 St Lucia. 1 2 Tobago. (g). Upf spots reduced. Unh as angasz. Sub-sp. vincenti Bell & Comstock 1948: 3 St Vincent. B.M. 1 3 62 St Vincent. 2 (1). Above brown without basal orange suffusion. Unh a sharply marked short central white band. Abdomen not striped. maysi Lucas 1887: Cuba. Fig Seitz. Synonym. egens Herrich-Schaffer 1862: Cuba. B.M,. 1936-27 2Guba: C.2. EPARGYREUS Hibner 1819: type clarus Cramer: fixed by Scudder 1872 as t#ztyrus Fabricius, which, being a homonym by Poda 1761, has been replaced by clarus. Synonym. Evidamus Burmeister 1875: type tmolis Bur- meister, sole species included. A compact genus with a uniform type of genitalia. The first seven species are reasonably well defined on the basis of genitalia and facies. But the remaining species, allied to exadeus, present problems that can only be solved by breeding. In Paraguay there are definitely three species, which are readily separable on genitalia and facies, viz. exadeus, clavicornis and socus, and an attempt has been made to trace these species through to Mexico. In the case of socus this has proved difficult, particularly in the area assigned to the sub-species szmus, where in respect of both genitalia and facies there seems to be intergrading with other species, while in Colombia socus appears to have been replaced by a number of species whose affinities are doubtful. | (2a). Unh and apex unf with narrow dark lines: no white markings unh. ¢ 27 mm. enispe. 2 sub-species. (a). Below, border beyond the outer dark line grey, contrasting with the browner ground. 44 C.2. EPARGYREUS Sub-sp. elta nov: ¢ Bolivia, Tanampaya: 6,500-8,000 ft.: Garlepp: type B.M.. HVS typejloc (b). Below, uniform reddish brown. Sub-sp. enispe Hewitson 1867: $ S. America: type B.M. Fig Hewitson 1872: Seitz: genitalia by Williams 1927: Hayward 1948, 3 and genitalia. Synonym. rochus Plotz 1882: Brazil. B.M. 13 12 Goyaz. 173 3 9 Matto Grosso. 15 3295. Brazil (Parana. Rio Grande). 1 3 Paraguay. 2a (1). Unh and apex unf without narrow dark lines. 2b (8a). Unh with a pale central band through end of cell. F spots large, orange yellow: spot in cell completely overlapped by the spot in space 2. 2c (7). Unh the pale central band continued to vein 8. 2d (6). Unh with a more or less conspicuous pale discal bar in space tc but no irregular discal line above it. 2 (3a). Unh the pale band brown, showing faintly on the dark ferruginous ground. $ F 25 mm. zestos Geyer 1832: @ “Surinam”: figured. Fig Seitz. Holland 1931: genitalia by Skinner & Williams 1922. Synonyms. oberon Worthington 1881: $ Marco Is, Florida. arsaces Mabille 1903: ¢ St Thomas Is: type B.M. B.M. 6 3 6 @ Florida. 1 2 Arizona. 3 ¢ 2 9 Honduras. 1g Martinique. 1 9 Guadeloupe. 1 3 12 Tobago. 13 St ims 252) 2 Barbados: 14° 1 2 St!) Vincent! 13" 5 @ Dominica. 535 52 Bahamas. 52 St Lucia. 39 St Thomas. 3a (2). Unh the central band silvery white. 3b (5). Unh upper half of central band much narrower than the lower half. ¢ F 25 mm. 3 (4). Unh chocolate. Genitalia, $ clasp tapered: 9 ostium bursae very broad and serrate. clarus Cramer 1775: “Surinam’”’: figured. Synonyms. tityrus Fabrictus 1775: America: homonym by Poda 1761. Fig Smith & Abbott 1797: Scudder 1889 ($, genitalia and venation): Wright 1906: Comstock 1927: Seitz: genitalia by Skinner & Williams 1922 and Lindsey, Bell & Williams 1931. 45 C.z, EPARGYREUS obliteratus Scudder 1889: Boston. californica (Edwards MS) Smith 1891 = tityrus. smythi Williams 1927: S. Carolina. argentosus Hayward 1933: 3 “Tierra de Fuego”’: figured. Hayward 1947 states locality label wrong and = clarus. argenteola Matsumura 1940: $ “‘Formosa’’: figured. B.M. 12 6 11 9 Canadajjis4. gd 129 9 U.S. Aaa Mexico (N. Sonora). 1 ¢ Honduras. 1 ¢ “‘Colombia”’. 1.4“ Sutimam,: 3 adie Breed ©. 4 (3). Unh dark reddish brown. Genitalia, 3 clasp with an abruptly oblique narrow ending: 2 ostium bursae very slender, pointed, not serrate. antaeus Hewitson 1867: 2 no loc: type B.M. Fig Hewitson 1875: Seitz: genitalia by Williams 1927. B.M. 163 5 2 Jamaica. 5 (3b). Unh band of even width, 4 mm., but in space 7 it is divided by a brown bar equal in width to the white arm on either side. 2 ostium bursae as in antaeus. 2 F 35 mm. spanna nov: 2 Santo Domingo: 1855: ‘I'weedie. B.M. Only the type. 6 (2d). Unh with an irregular, macular, silver discal line, which is acutely angled outwards in spaces 4 and 5 half- way to the termen: the central band narrow, often macular and sometimes enlarged at its lower end. Unf end cell defined by a narrow whitish line, ending at the centre of the spot in space 3. F orange spots large, spot mid costa as wide as the cell spot: spot in space 2 com- pletely overlapping the cell spot and the spot in space rb. barisses. 2 sub-species. (a). Large, g F 27 mm. Sub-sp. barisses Hewitson 1874: ¢ Bolivia: type B.M. Fig Hewitson 1875: Seitz as pseudexadeus: genitalia by Williams 1927. Synonym. dbusiris Mabille 1903: Peru. B.M. 503 Peru (Marcapata. Carabaya). 37 3 3 2 Bolivia (Tanampaya. Chulumani. La Paz. Corvoico. Apalo- bamba). 46 C.2. EPARGYREUS (b). Small, ¢ F 22mm. F spots paler. Un silver markings reduced. Sub-sp. argentina Mabille 1903: Argentine. Fig Hayward 1940, ¢ and genitalia as barisses. Synonym. argentea Mabille & Boullet 1912: 3 Argen- tine. B.M. 10 ¢ 4 2 Argentine (Tucuman). 7 (2c). Unh the pale central band not continued above cell generally: the band usually silver, but may be pale brown, narrow and more or less macular: the irregular discal line usually faint and may be absent. Below marginal grey scaling conspicuous and unbroken: unf area between end cell and the apical spots pale brown. F spots orange and large as in barisses. § F 25 mm. tmolis Burmeister 1875: Buenos Ayres: larva and head figured: figured again in 1880 as tmolus. Fig Seitz: Williams 1927, 3.2 and genitalia: Hayward 1948, plate 17/13. 14 3 9, but plate 17/21 is of socus and plate 4/12 are of the genitalia of socus. Synonyms. tellus Plotz 1886: Argentine. tuolus Mabille 1903: Buenos Ayres. B.M. 1 g Paraguay. 27 3 20 2 Argentine. 8a (2b). Unh without a central pale band: usually with a large silver central spot in space 1c to 3 and a small spot at the upper end of the cell: always a white discal bar in space 1c followed by a more or less well-developed irregular, macular, discal line, which may be angled out- wards in spaces 4 and 5, but never to the same extent as in barisses. Below margin with grey scaling, but usually the scaling is absent in spaces 4 and 5 unf. F the spot in space 1b is detached from the spot in space 2, except in socus pseudexadeus. 8b (12a). Cuiller of clasp without a conspicuous spine on the ventral side midway between the tip of the cuiller and the tip of the style, whereon are the long hairs, characteristic of the genus. 8 (ga). F spots orange to yellow, large: those in the cell and space 2 more or less overlapping. 47 C.z. EPARGYREUS socus. 6 sub-species. (a). Unh central spot very large, reaches base of space 3 and is typically conjoined at its centre to the bar at end of cell, showing an approach to clarus: the discal line and the marginal grey scaling feebly developed. 3 F spot in cell half overlapped by the spot in space 2. $ F 28 mm. Closely resembles spina and exadeus and flies with them. Sub-sp. cama nov: $ Guerrero, Mexico: O. 'T. Barron: type B.M. B.M. 16 3 1 2 Mexico (Guerrero. Espinal. Orizaba. Jalapa. Miltas). 2 $ Guatemala. (b). socus seems to be absent from the area south of Mexico to W. Venezuela. In E. Venezuela it reappears as a small form, ¢ F 26 mm. F spots pale yellow, large, spot in space 2 completely overlaps the cell spot. Unh central spot narrow, macular, tapering to the spot in space 3. Genitalia very variable, grading to spina. Sub-sp. chota nov: g Trinidad: type B.M. B.M. 645 12 Venezuela. 63 5 2 Trinidad. (c). From Ecuador to Bolivia there flies a large form, 3 F 33 mm., resembling socus, but only half the cell spot is overlapped by the spot in space 2. Unh the central spot is as large as in cama, but does not reach the base of space 3: the marginal grey scaling and the irregular discal line are fairly well developed. | Sub-sp. dicta nov: 3 Bolivia, Mapiri: 3,500 ft.: June 1895: Stuart: type B.M. B.M. 1 $ Colombia. 21 g 3 9 Ecuador (R. Pastaza. R. Numbala. Zamora. Loja). 52 ¢ 1 9 Peru (Charape. Perene. Chanchamayo. Moyabamba. Marcapata. ‘Tara- pote. Pebas. Carabaya. Palcazo. Inambari. Pozuzo. San Gaban. Chirimayo). 7 3 1 @ Bolivia (Reyes. Cocha- bamba. Beni R. Buenavista. Mapiri. Salampioni). (d). From Guiana to Matto Grosso the sub-specific situation is not clear. Typically smaller than dicta, 3 F 29 mm. F like dicta: unh more like chota, the central spot narrow, but not macular. But some specimens resemble chota, others dicta and in Brazil they grade to socus. ‘he genitalia vary towards spina. 48 C.2. EPARGYREUS Sub-sp. sinus nov: $ Para: A. Miles Moss: type B.M. B.M. 13 Br Guiana. 2 $ Surinam. 1 ¢ Ega. 1 2 Obidos. 3 S$ Iquitos. 3 ¢ St Paulo d’Olivenca. 2 ¢ 3 2 Santarem. 73652 Para. 3g Pernambuco. 5 2 Bahia. 2 ¢ Maranham. 8 g Matto Grosso. 1 ¢ Goyaz. (e). F the orange cell spot is completely overlapped by the spot in space 2. Unh the central spot is as in dicta and the irregular discal line is typically well developed. The genitalia are comparatively constant, but in facies there is often an approach to arbean hice 0 3 F 28 mm. Sub-sp. socus Hiibner 1825: 3 ? loc: figured. The figures agree exactly with Parana specimens. Fig as tmolis (q.v.) by Hayward 1948. B.M. 4419 Minas Geraes. 36 3 202 S. Brazil (Parana. Sao Paulo. Rio. Santa Catharina. Novo Friborgo. Rio Grande). 10 3 2 9 Paraguay. 9 d 2 2 Argentine. (f). Genitalia of socus, but in markings more closely resembling barisses. F spots very large: cell spot and spot in space 1b completely overlapped by the spot in space 2, but the costal spot is much smaller than the cell spot. Unf the end of the cell is defined by a narrow white line: the spot in space 3 is much nearer to the end of the cell than in socus, but not immediately below it as in barisses. Unh displays a great deal of individual variation and is often almost identical with barisses, but the discal line is never bent so far towards the termen in spaces 4 and 5. 3 F 30 mm. Sub-sp. pseudexadeus Westwood 1852: 2 Minas Geraes: type B.M.: figured. The fig in Seitz 1s of barisses. BM. -~1 2 Mimas Geraes! 1193 9! Parana. 1 ¢ 1'9\noi loc: 9a (8). F spots white, or very pale yellow, not overlapping. 9 (10a). F spot in space 2 generally with its centre under the origin of vein 3 and placed nearer to the cell spot than to the spot in space 1b. Unh the markings very variable: typically the central spot is macular. Palpi, below, pale brown. exadeus. 2 sub-species. (a). Smaller, ¢ F 27 mm., and paler above: wings seem less produced. F spots in cell and space 2 usually separate. as) C.2. EPARGYREUS Sub-sp. cruza nov: g Mexico, Cordova, Vera Cruz: Russell: type B.M. Fig as exadeus by Skinner 1g11 and Holland 1931: genitalia by G & S 1893 as exadeus. B.M. 31 3 4 2 Mexico (Vera Cruz. Guerrero. Orizaba. Jalapa. Tabasco. Muisantle. Ayutle. Jalesco. Yucatan. Tehuantepec. Cuernavaca). 6 ¢ 2 2 Guatemala. 1 3 Nicaragua. 1 3 Salvador. 13 ¢ 2 2 Costa Rica. 8 3 69 Panama (transitional to exadeus). (b). Generally larger, $ F 30 mm., and darker. F spots in cell and space 2 generally contiguous, though some- times (e.g. Pebas) the spots may be small and wide apart. Sub-sp. exadeus Cramer 1779: 2 Surinam: figured. Figs by Skinner 1911 and Holland 1931 = cruzga: by Stau- dinger 1888 and Hayward 1948 = clavicornis: by Com- stock 1927 = nutra or spinosa. Genitalia figs by Williams 1927, fig 1 = exadeus, fig 2 = nutra: by Lindsey, Bell & Williams 1931 = exadeus: by Skinner & Williams 1922 = exadeus: by Hayward 1948 = clavicormis. B.M. 28 3 42 Colombia (Bogota. Cauca. Valdivia. Santa Marta. Rio Meta). 2 $ Venezuela. 3 ¢ Trinidad. 8 3 Ecuador (Loja. Paramba. Rio Napo. Cuenca). 13 ¢ 22 Peru (Chanchamayo. Rio Colorado. Ucayali. Tarapote. Inambari. Yahuarmayo. Amazonas, Chachapoyas). 6 3 1 2 Bolivia (Santa Cruz. Buenavista). 5 ¢ Upper Amazons (Pebas. St Paulo d’Olivenca. Tonantins). 3 ¢ 3 2 Para. 1g 1 § Bahia. 1 $ Matto Grosso. 1 ¢ Goyaz. 1¢ 1 9 Minas Geraes. 5 3 2 9 S. Brazil (Rio. Novo Friborgo. Sao Paulo). 2 ¢ 1 2 Paraguay. 1 $ Argentine. 10a (9). F spot in space 2 hardly larger than the other spots, placed centrally or nearer the spot in space 1b and its inner edge under the origin of vein 3. Unh central spot large, entire, discal line faint at its upper end. 10 (11), ¢ F 28 mm. Palpi below, dark chestnut. Unh the grey marginal scaling not reaching the discal line usually. Clasp peculiar; tip of the cuiller conspicuously necked at its commencement, ending in 2 or 3 sharp spines, below which it is smooth. 50 C.2. EPARGYREUS nutra nov: ¢ Colombia, Cauca: type B.M. Fig by Com- stock 1927 as exadeus and genitalia fig by Williams 1927 (fig 2) of exadeus fit very well. B.M. 30 5 Colombia (Bogota. Cauca. Popoyan). 17 3 3 2 Venezuela. 1 g 19 ~ Minas Geraes”’. Il (10). ¢ F32 mm. Tip of cuiller not necked, end rounded and inner face spined. Palpi below ochreous brown. Exactly like clavicornis orizaba except for the genitalia and the larger size of the central spot unh. aspina nov: $ Colombia, Bogota: Frere Apollinaire Marie: type B.M. B.M. 43 Mexico. 4 $ Guatemala. 10 3 4 2 Costa Rica. 1 3 Panama. 12 3 3 2 Colombia (Bogota. Cauca. Manizales. R. Dagua). 1g 12 Venezuela. 1 ¢ Ecuador (Angamarca). 12a (8b). Clasp with a long spine on the ventral side midway between the tips of the cuiller and the style. F spot in cell not overlapped by the spot in space 2. 12b (14a). Unh central spot large, its inner edge convex. 12 (13). Small, ¢ F 28 mm. F spots white, generally well separated, but may be dots, or contiguous. spina. 2 sub-species. (a). Unh not variegated as in verruga. Sub-sp. spina nov: $ Colombia, Bogota: Frere Apollinaire Marie: type B.M. Only separable by the clasp from exadeus cruza. B.M. 446 5 2 Mexico. 3 g 2 2 Guatemala. 7 3 1 2? Hon- duras. 1 29 Nicaragua. 3 2 Costa Rica. 8 g 11 9 Panama. 61 3 7 2 Colombia (Bogota. Cauca). 4 3 3 2 Venezuela. 5 6 Ecuador (Paramba. Loja. Zamora). 1 3 N. Peru (Charape). 1 S$ Bolivia (Santa Cruz). 2 $ Para. 1322 Minas Geraes. (b). Unh the grey scaling before the termen very narrow, reaching only half-way to the irregular discal line, which is conspicuous, while the area between the discal line and the end of the cell is whitened. Sub-sp. verruga nov: 3 Verrugas, E. Peru, up to 6,000 ft.: A. Miles Moss: type B.M. Buvinn2 g 3 2 type loc, 19g Peru, Chorica. A.H.—5 51 C.2. EPARGYREUS 13 (12). Large, ¢ F 34 mm. F spots deep yellow to orange, generally small and widely separated. Unh central spot very large, reaches to base of space 3: submarginal scaling violet grey, reaching to the discal line. Palpi below, dark chestnut brown. spinta nov: $ Colombia, Bogota: Frere Apollinaire Marie: type B.M. B.M. 32 3 1 2 Colombia (Cauca. Bogota. Rio Hacha. Manizales). 1 3 Venezuela (Caracas). 4 ¢ Ecuador (Paramba). 9 ¢ N. Peru (Charape). 2 $ Peru, Amazonas, Chachapoyas. 1 2 Bolivia. l4a (12b). Unh inner edge of large central spot straight or concave. Palpi below, pale brown. 14 (15). Unh small spot at upper end of cell widely separate from the large lower spot. clavicornis. 3 sub-species. (a). F spots white, small, wide apart. Unh markings much reduced: typically with only the discal bar in space 1c and the small spot at the upper end of the cell: more usually the usual lower central spot is represented by a narrow macular band. ¢ F 30 mm. Sub-sp. orizaba Scudder 1872: Guatemala. B.M. 25192 Mexico. 1312 Guatemala. 23 29 Panama. 17 $ 5 2 Colombia (Cauca. Bogota. Cundinamarca. Popoyan. R. Dagua). 235 292 Venezuela. 4 3 1 2 Ecuador (Loja. Lita. Paramba). (b). g F 28 mm. Markings more reduced. Typically, unh with only the small spot at end of cell: in one speci- men even that is absent, as well as the cell spot F. Sub-sp. gaumeri Godman & Salvin 1893: 3 Ruatan Is, Honduras: type B.M.: figured. B.M. 24 1 § type loc. (c). F spots pale yellow, larger: usually separated, but the cell spot and the spot in space 2 may be contiguous. Unh markings more developed: the central spot usually consists of a narrow, undivided band. ¢ F 32 mm. Sub-sp. clavicornis Herrich-Schaffer 1869: no loc. Fig as exadeus by Staudinger 1888 and Hayward 1948 plate 17/8 ? upperside, plate 4/10 genitalia. 52 C.3. POLYGONUS B.M. 73 Peru (La Merced. Perene. Tarapote. Ucayali). 6 g 22 Amazons (Iquitos. Teffe. Obidos). 3 ¢ 1 9 Matto Grosso. 2 $ Goyaz. 1 2 Minas Geraes. 43 395. Brazil (Novo Friborgo. Sao Paulo. Rio Grande). 15 S$ Paraguay. 15 (14). Unh abnormal: the spot at the end of the cell is conjoined to the inner angle of the large central spot at the base of space 3: the discal line is conjoined to the central markings and the white areas at and beyond the end of the cell are sparsely covered with brown scales: the sub- marginal grey scaling runs up to the discal line through- out its length. Upf the white spots typically minute and always wide apart. ¢ F 30 mm. The clasp is very long, narrow and straight. spinosa nov: ¢ Guerrero, Mexico: O. T. Barron: type 2 3 : 2 Mexico. 3 6 1 9 Panama. C.3. POLYGONUS Hibner 1825: type /eo Gmelin: sole species included was lividus Hiibner, a synonym of leo. Synonyms. Acolastus Scudder 1872: type leo Gmelin: fixed by author as savigny Latreille, a sub-species of leo. Acolastus is a homonym by Gerst 1855. Nennius Kirby 1902: created to replace Polygonus, which was wrongly assumed to be preoccupied by Polygona. A genus with no near ally and containing 2 very similar species. It resembles Protezdes in the form of the cell, but differs in having veins 6 and 7 divergent from their origins. H not tailed. F apical spots not placed as in Asander. ¢ without a costal fold. F no spot mid costa nor in space rb. | (2). Below glazed, no ochreous tinge: submarginal band faint and obsolete on the tornal half of the termen F and H. Unh sub-basal black spot in space 7 conspicuous: ground colour very variable. leo. 4 sub-species. (a). Unh glazed pale purple grey, markings conspicuous. Uph comparatively pale and dark markings show from below. ¢ F 25 mm. 53 C.3. POLYGONUS Sub-sp. leo Gmelin 1790: to replace amyntas Fabricius. Synonyms. amyntas Fabricius 1775: America: homonym by Poda 1761. Fig Jones Icones: Fig in Seitz and Staudinger 1888 is of manuelt. lividus Hubner 1825: ? loc: figured. Fig in Seitz is of manuel. Genitalia fig by Bell & Comstock 1948 is of savigny. Fig by Hayward 1948, 3 and genitalia=manuelt. arizonensis Skinner 1911: ¢ Arizona: figured ¢ and 2. Mistrio Rober 1925: 5 ? Panama. pallida Rober 1925: Peru. B.M. 34632 Florida. 11 62 Mexico. 24 4 10 9 Guate- mala. 1g Salvador. 2g 29 Nicaragua. 93 5 2 Venezuela. 12 ‘Trinidad. 1 $ Surinam. 2 $ 2 2 Ecuador (Guayaquil. Arenillas. Hacienda Ave Maria). 1 3 Peru (Moyabamba). 4 36 2 9 Bolivia. 4 $ 1 2 Amazons (Ega. Tapajos. Rio Madeira. Para). 4 3 4 9 Matto Grosso. 23 3 9 2 8. Brazil. 433 @ Paraguay. 18 5 3 2 Argentine. (b). Darker, above and below. Unh purple glazed. 3 F 23 mm. Sub-sp. savigny Latreille 1824: Antilles. Fig Comstock 1944 from Porto Rico as lividus. B.M...1 ¢ 2-9°>Montserrat. 4:3 3 9 St Thomasieg a Kitts. 3 ¢ 2 9 Bahamas (1 ¢ has upf spotless). 36 3 12 2 Cuba. , (c). As savigny but above much duller brown. The purple iridescence absent or faint. ¢ F 23 mm. Sub-sp. hagar nov: ¢ Jamaica: type B.M. B.M. 30 ¢ 10 2 Jamaica. (d). Larger, $ F 26mm. Above, very dark. Below glazed greenish grey of a peculiar tone. Sub-sp. ishmael nov: 3 Haiti: type B.M. B.M. 84 11 9 Haiti. 2 (1). Below more or less ochreous with a strong purple gloss, but not glazed. Unh conspicuously ochreous between the dark bands in space 1c. Unf the submarginal macular ochreous bands extend to vein 1. Unh the sub- basal spot in space 7 small or absent usually. ¢ F 22 mm. manueli. 2 sub-species. (a). F spots large and quadrate. 54 C.4. CHIOIDES Sub-sp. manueli Bell & Comstock 1948: ¢ New Bremen, Brazil: genitalia figured. Fig as amyntas in Seitz and genitalia by G & S: also by Staudinger 1888. B.M. 1 ¢ Florida. 11 § 7 9 Mexico. 4 2 Guatemala. 44 12 Honduras. 235 3 2 Nicaragua. 1 3 1 2 Costa Rica. Ig 29 Panama. 1 ¢ 2 9 Colombia. 2 ¢ 2 9 Venezuela. i2uci7 2 lrinidadad1s? Br Guanes. © 2. Surinam. nour Guana. 4494.2 Peru...2 32:9 Bolivias 16 617 9 Upper Amazons. 6 3 6 2 Para. 1 S$ Bahia. 1 ¢ Goyaz. 23 29 Minas Geraes. 91 5 1925S. Brazil. 4 5 4 9 Para- suay.. 6.4.22 Argentine: (b). F spots small and rectangular. Sub-sp. punctus Bell & Comstock 1948: 3 St Vincent. B.M. 3 2 Guadeloupe. 3419 St Kitts. 3 ¢ 3 2 St Lucia. 225.0 2 Dominica. 2 ¢ 3 9 St Vincent. C.4. CHIOIDES Lindsey 1921: type catillus Cramer: fixed by author as albofasciata Hewitson, which is a sub- species of catillus. A compact genus. F cubitus is long and curved between the origins of veins 3 and 4 and vein 4 is nearer to vein 6 than to vein 3: the lower fork of the radius reaches the cubitus nearer to vein 3 than to vein 4: veins 6 and 7 are divergent at their origins and not parallel as in Protezdes and Epargyreus: no hyaline apical spot in space g as in Aguna. Unf with a conspicuous dark brown triangle between the apex and the apical spots, adjoining the latter. H always with a long tail.and ¢ with a costal fold upf. Uncus divided. la (3a). Unh with a continuous central pale band from vein 1b to vein 8. F apical spots in spaces 8 and 7 oblique to the costa and directed, in line with the spot in space 6, to the upper part of the termen. 1 (2). Unh the central pale band reaches vein 8 mid costa or rather nearer to the base than to the apex. Gnathos undivided: tip of cuiller bifid. catillus. 8 sub-species. (a). Unh the central band white, of the same width throughout. F central yellow spots separated, those in spaces 2 and 3 of equal size. ¢ F 23 mm. a) C.4. CHIOIDES Sub-sp. albofasciata Hewitson 1867: $ Guatemala: type B.M. Fig Hewitson 1875: Holland 1931: Seitz. Genitalia fig G & S: Skinner & Williams 1922: Lindsey, Bell & Williams 1931. B.M. 2329 Arizona. 643 5 2 Mexico. 10 5 1 2 Guate- mala. 27 $ 3 2 Honduras. 3 ¢ 1 2 Nicaragua. 1 ¢ Salva- dor. 2 3 1 2 Costa Rica. 4 g¢ Colombia. (b). Unh central pale band dorsally widened or bifid below space 2. Band generally white. Sub-sp. albius nov: $¢ Panama: type B.M. B.M. 9 g Costa Rica. 17 § 13 2 Panama. (c). Unh central pale band generally sullied. Sub-sp. catillus Cramer 1779: ? loc: figured. Fig Seitz: Hayward 1948. Genitalia fig Williams 1926: Hayward 1948. Synonyms. tarchon Hubner 1825: ? loc. longicauda Sepp 1848: 2 Surinam: figured. | B.M. 73 ¢ 142 Colombia. 67 3 12 2 Venezuela. 155 52 Trinidad. 2 3 22 Tobago. 3 ¢ Br Guiana. 2 ¢ 2 9 Suri- nam. 5 ¢ Fr Guiana. 9 5 3 2 Peru (Chanchamayo. Perene. Rio Colorado. La Merced. Huanco. Pozuzo). 46 3 3 9 Bolivia (Santa Cruz). 1 g 1 Q Itaituba. 5 ¢ 5 Q Para. 1.6 1 9 Ceara. 1 6 1 2 Bahia: 3 ¢ 3 9 Permamnuen 433795. Brazil. 31 5 13 9 Paraguay. 40 § 11 9 Argen- tine. (d). F yellow central spots much enlarged, spot in space 2 much larger than spot in space 3 and often overlaps it and the cell spot. Unh as in catillus. 3 F 24 mm. Sub-sp. jethira Butler 1870: 3 Peru: type B.M. Fig Butler 1974 2oelts: Synonym. macromaculata Williams 1926: 3 Ecuador. B.M. 6 3 1 @ Ecuador (Loja. Quito. Paramba. Bella Vista. Guayaquil). 10 ¢ 1 9 N. Peru (Charape. Manchara. Trujillo). (e). F yellow spots enlarged, but not so much as in jethira. Unh pale central band, above space 3, very narrow, almost linear. ¢ F 25 mm. Sub-sp. churchi Bell & Comstock 1948: 3 Jamaica. B.M. 13 3 9 9 Jamaica. (f). Above grey-brown; F spots white, placed as in 56 C.4. CHIOIDES catillus. Unh central band white, enlarged dorsally but not bifid. ¢ F 24 mm. Sub-sp. cinereus Mabille & Vuillot 1891: 2 “ Brazil”’: figured. B.M. 2 3 Ecuador (coll Hewitson). 1 3g Ecuador (Valle del Catamayo, Loja: marked cinereus by Mabille). 1 3 N.W. Peru (Vina). 1 2 no loc (marked cinereus by Mabille and believed to be his type). 1 3 Peru (Carabaya). (g). Similar to cinereus, of which it may be an aberration. Unh central white band dorsally divided and with an outward sullied projection in and just below space 6. Sub-sp. concinnus Mabille 1877: 3 “Brazil”: type B.M.: figured. B.M. Only the type. (h). A much modified form, resembling the W. Indian forms of Urbanus dorantes. Small, 3 F 22 mm. and tail short, 8 mm. against 16 mm. for catillus. Upf 3 discal spots reduced toa dot in the cell, a small spot in space 2, and 3 apical dots: 2 with rather larger spots, also present in spaces 3 and 1b. Unh central band pale brown: no white scaling beyond the band and the veins dark. Sub-sp. vintra nov: 3 St Vincent: type B.M. B.M. 9g 22 St Vincent. 1 g 1 2 Grenada. 2 (1). Unh the central pale band reaches vein 8 just before the apex: the band broad, curved, sullied white: a similar basal area, outwardly irregular: the central band extended towards the termen in space 6, as in concinnus: beyond the central band there is a similarly coloured narrower band from vein 1b to vein 6. F the yellow spots large, as in jethira. 3 F 24 mm. Genitalia quite different from catillus: gnathos divided: end of cuiller rounded and furnished with a long slender hooked process. iverna nov: 3 Peru, Chorica: type B.M. B.M. 1 g Colombia. 5 3 Ecuador (Loja. Guayaquil). 25 3 2 Peru (Chorica. Elen. Trujillo). 3a (1a). Unh without any definite pale central band: a conspicuous small white spot at end of cell. F apical spots in spaces 8 and 7 at right angles to the costa and directed to mid termen. 57 C.4. CHIOIDES 3b (5). F central spots as in typical catillus. 3 (4). Unh with a large quadrate white area in spaces 1c and 2 connected to a smaller similar area nearer the tornus in space Ic. F apical spot in space 6 conjoined to the spot in space 7. Cuiller as broad as the valva, inwardly concave and serrate. zilpa. 2 sub-species. (a). Paler and larger, $ F 27 mm. Below, conspicuously paler: base of costa whitish. Sub-sp. namba nov: ¢ Magdalena, N. Sonora, Mexico: March 1905: Oslar: type B.M. Fig Holland 1931 as 2zlpa. B.M. 74 292 Arizona. 8 3 3 2 type loc. (b). Darker and smaller, $ F 25 mm. Below, very dark: base of costa dark brown. Sub-sp. zilpa Butler 1874: 3 Costa Rica: type B.M.: figured. Fig Seitz: genitalia fig by G & 5, Skinner & Williams 1922 and Lindsey, Bell & Williams 1931. B.M. 18 3 7 2 Mexico (Guerrero). 10 3 Guatemala. t @ Honduras. 2 3 Nicaragua. 9 ¢ 1 9 Costeaiiae 19 6 29 Panama. 4 ¢ 2 9 Colombia. 1 g 2 9 Venezuela. 1 $ Ecuador. 4(3). Unh the quadrate white area in spaces 1c and 2 small and sullied or pale brown: wing pattern more variegated. F spot in space 6 shifted away from the spot in space 7. Cuiller narrow, less than half the width of the valva, inwardly slightly concave and smooth. ¢ F 25 mm. ixion Plétz 1881: no loc: copy of MS fig of type in B.M. Synonym. myrto Mabille 1903: Haiti. Fig Williams 1926, 3 and genitalia. B.M.2 18d: 7/2 Matt. 5 (3b). F spots white and small: 3 with an upper dot in cell, narrow streak in space 2, dot in space 1b, trapezoidal spot in space 3: spot in space 6 detached as in zxion. Unh variegated as in zxion, but darker. Cuiller broad, inner face with a projecting central nose. ¢ F 23 mm. marmorosa Herrich-Schaffer 1865: Cuba. Copy of MS figure of type in B.M. Fig Williams 1926, $ and genitalia. B.M. 13 Cuba. 58 C.5. AGUNA C.5. AGUNA Williams 1927: type camagura Williams : fixed by author. Synonym. Tmetocerus Poujade 1895: type asander Hewit- son: sole species included: homonym by Hartert 1891. A genus consisting of dissimilar species, but allied in respect of the genitalia, venation, antennal club and the abnormal position of the apical spots in spaces g and 8, over the end of the cell. ¢ with costal fold. la (3a). F lower median veinlet in cell ending nearer to origin of vein 3 than to origin of vein 4. Brown. 1 (2). H tornus lobed. F with large yellow spots as in Epargyreus. Unh with a whitish central band. asander. 3 sub-species. (a). Unh variable as to the intensity of the width of the central band and the submarginal whitish scaling as indicated by the Seitz figures of asander, panthius and scheba. 3 F 26 mm. Sub-sp. asander Hewitson 1867: 2 Ega, Amazons: type B.M. Fig Hewitson 1875: Hayward 1948. Genitalia figured by G & S: Williams 1927: Hayward 1948. Synonyms. panthius Herrich-Schaffer 1869: ? loc. scheba Plotz 1882: 2 S. America. euthymides Mabille & Boullet 1912: no loc. The name was assigned incorrectly to Plétz by Mabille 1903 without description. B.M. 24 5 24 9 Mexico. 4 5 4 9 Guatemala. 1 3 1 2 Honduras. 1 3 Salvador. 1 2 Nicaragua. 1 2 Costa Rica. fo ©) Eanama. 1 2 Colombia, 574 3 2. Venezuela. Ig 12 Surinam. 63 29 Ecuador (Guayaquil. La Chima). 8 $ 8 2 Peru (Lima). 3 5 2 2 E. Bolivia. r g Itaituba. 3 6 12 Bahia. 1 9 Pernambuco. 1 ¢ 3 2 Matto Grosso. 246 2095. Brazil. 2 g 1 2 Argentine. (b). Unh the central band is notched at the end of the cell: with a strong purple gloss and no submarginal whitish scaling on F or H. 3 F 24 mm. Sub-sp. haitensis Mabille & Boullet 1912: 3 Haiti: type B.M. BAe, .3i3°5 2. Haiti. (c): Similar to haitensis, but spots F nearly white and smaller. ¢ F 23 mm. : a0 C.5. AGUNA Sub-sp. jasper nov: ¢ Jamaica: type B.M. B.M. 3 3 8 2 Jamaica. 2(1). H with a long tail, 13 mm. F spots white and smaller. Unh no pale band, basal two-thirds dark brown, outer third pale brown. megaeles. 2 sub-species. (a). Unh with a strong violet gloss on the pale areas: a well-marked dark border and the dark basal area more variegated, but the dark spot at the base of the costa less conspicuous. 3 F 22 mm. Sub-sp. malia nov: g Venezuela, Valencia: type B.M. BLM. 3° 3.1 2 Venezuela: (b). Unh with no violet gloss and the darker border faint or absent: basal dark area plain: a very conspicuous dark spot at base of costa. ¢ F 23 mm. Sub-sp. megaeles Mabille 1888: 2 Santa Catharina, S. Brazil: figured. Fig Mabille & Vuillot 1891. Synonym. fuscoiva Hayward 1933: 3 Argentine: figured. Fig Hayward 1948, 3 and genitalia. B.M. 2 3 1 2 Bolivia (Buenavista). 1 2 Espirito Santo. 26 19 Paraguay. 1 2 Argentine (Misiones). 3a (1a). F lower median veinlet in cell ending nearer to origin of vein 4 than to origin of vein 3. Species mostly green above, except for albistria. 3b (13). F apical spots in spaces 8 and g oblique to the costa and directed to the upper part of the termen. 3c (11a). Unh central band sharply defined outwardly as well as inwardly. 3d (6a). H lobed at end of vein rb rather than tailed, the projection beyond the termen not exceeding 2 mm. 3 (4a). Unh with basal green suffusion, conspicuous in 3, may be absent in 9. Above brighter green than usual, and the hyaline spots larger and of a deeper yellow. Unh white band 2 mm., regular and hooked before vein rb. F spot in space 2 quadrate more or less overlapping the cell spot and the spot in space 3. ¢ F 23 mm. claxon nov: 3 Mexico, Atoyac, Vera Cruz: May: H. H. Smith: type B.M.: genitalia figured by Godman & Salvin as coelus. Genitalia fig by Williams 1927, also as coelus. 60 C.5. AGUNA B.M. 6 3 3 2 Mexico. 1 9 Honduras. 1 Q Nicaragua. 1 $ Panama. 1 ¢ Colombia. 4 ¢ 1 2 Venezuela. 1 ¢ Itaituba—Obidos (with smaller spots F). 4a (3). Unh without basal green suffusion. 4 (5). Upf spot in space 2 quadrate, just overlapping the cell spot: spots deep yellow. Unh the white band is very variable: in 3 ¢ it is regular, as in claxon: in the $ from Iquitos and all the ¢ it 1s produced centrally to as much as 7 mm., inwardly convex and outwardly angled at veins 4and 6. The genitalia, vide plate, indicate the distinctness of this species. 3 F 23 mm. clina nov: 3 Bogota: type B.M. B.M. 1 $ Colombia (Bogota). 1 $ Venezuela. 1 9 Para. mo iquitos: 1°2 Pebas: 1 32’? Peru (Yahuas’ Terr. Ua Merced). 5 (4). Upf spot in space 2 narrow, hour-glass shape, separated from the cell spot in the 3, may just overlap it in the @. Unh band in ¢ narrow, I mm., tapering slightly to costa: broader, 2 mm., in 9. ¢ F 22 mm. aurunce Hewitson 1867: 2 Amazons: type B.M. Fig Hewitson 1875. 3 and genitalia fig as gideon by Williams 1927. Fig Seitz as coelus, upperside fig only. Synonym. gideon Pl6tz 1881: no loc. B.M. 13 62 Guatemala. 25 29 Nicaragua. 3 2? Panama. 63 42 Colombia. 15 ¢ 192 Venezuela. 5 3 62 Trinidad. 1g 22 Br Guiana. 2g 1 2 Fr Guiana. 1 ¢ Peru (Tara- pote). 1g 4 2 Up Amazons (Teffe. Itaituba. Obidos). egos dt. 2.63 9... Brazil. . 6a (3d). H tailed. 6b (ga). H tail short and broad, 4 mm. long in g, 5 mm. long in 9, as in the Cramer figure of coelus. 6c (8). Above bases green, as in preceding species. 6 (7). Unh band in ¢ straight, with regular edges, 1 mm. wide: in 2 24 mm. F spots small, in a stepped line; spot in space 2 narrow, as in aurunce. Unh ¢ with rather faint basal green suffusion. $ F 21 mm. : 61 C.5. AGUNA coelus Stoll 1781: 2 no loc: figured. Fig Seitz, underside only: upperside is of aurunce. Fig of genitalia by G&S and Williams 1927 are of claxon. B.M. 24 1 2 Guatemala. 1 9 Nicaragua. 1 3 Costa Rica 3 2 Venezuela. 2 g 1 2 Trinidad. 1 ¢ 1 2 Br Guiana. Ig 3 2 Fr Guiana. 1 2 Surinam. 2 ¢ 6 2 Amazons (Tapajos. St Paulo d’Olivenca. Obidos. Santarem). 21 g 202 Para. 1 g 22 Maranham. 1 2 Matto Grosso. I 3g “‘Rio” (Miles Moss). 7 (6). Unh band in ¢ very narrow, 2? mm., curved out- wards at lower end, and irregular throughout: in2 15mm. wide. F spots larger and more contiguous. Unh no basal green suffusion. ¢ F 22 mm. hypozonius Plétz 1881: Laguayra. 3 and genitalia figured by Williams 1926 as ganna. B.M. 2 ¢$ Itaituba. 1 $ Goyaz. 1 3 Sao Paulo. 2 2 no loc (ex coll Kaden). 8 (6c). Above bases brilliant blue, without any green tinge. F spots small and white: no spot in space 3. Unh white band narrow, I mm. ¢ F 22 mm. williamsi Hayward 1935: 2 Argentine, Misiones. Fig Hayward 1948, 9°. | B.M. 23 Panama. 1 3 Sao Paulo. 1 2 Santa Catharina. 9a (6b). H tail narrow and long 74 mm. g (10). Above bases green as in coelus. F spots in ¢ small and separated; larger in 2. Unh band narrow, regular, of even width. ¢ F 20 mm. ganna Moschler 1878: 2 Venezuela. Fig Mabille & Vuillot 1891: Seitz. Figs by Williams 1926 are of hypozonius. B.M. 1 2 Panama. 1 $ Colombia. 3 ¢ 5 2 Venezuela. 12 Surinam. 1 Q Itaituba. 2 ¢ Peru (La Merced. Lower Ucayali). 1 $ Argentine (Tucuman). 10 (9). Above bases greenish blue. 3 F spots greatly reduced: lower part of cell spot and upper part of spot in space 2 absent, leaving a prominent costal spot, upper dot in cell, lower dot in space 2, detached dot in space 1b and the 62 C.5. AGUNA usual apical spots. In 2 spots normal, as in coelus. Unh uniform brown, central white band # mm., slightly increasing towards costa. ¢ F 23 mm. cirrus nov: 3 Alto de Sierra, Sao Paulo: type B.M. B.M. 1 3 Sao Paulo. 7 9 Santa Catharina, Theresopolis. Ila (3c). Unh central band outwardly diffused, inwardly sharply defined. Above like ganna, tail broader. 11 (12). Tail 1o mm. long. ¢ F 22 mm. metophis Latreille 1824: 2 Brazil: type B.M. Fig Boisduval 1836 (Hist. Nat. Ins. spec. gent : pl 13): 3 and genitalia by Williams 1926. Fig in Seitz is of Polythrix metallescens. Bava 1 2 Wiexicol 1 3g Nicaragua.1'¢ 1/2 Ranama. 25 Venezuela. 1 § Matto Grosso. 4 5 5 2? S. Brazil. 12 (11). ‘Tail 7 mm. long. Genitalia differ. ¢ F 24 mm. camagura Williams 1926: $ Matto Grosso: figured, 3 and genitalia. Based on a unique specimen: the figure exactly resembles metophis 2. B.M. None. Genitalia figure adapted from Williams. 13 (3b). F apical spots in spaces 8 and 9 at right angles to the costa and directed to mid termen. Above bases dull dark greenish, not metallic. F spots small and white, spot in space 3 more conspicuous than usual and farther from the spot in space 2. Unh very dark brown. Tail narrow and long, 12 mm. ¢ F 22 mm. albistria. 2 sub-species. (a). Unh white band 14 mm. wide. Sub-sp. leucogramma Mabille 1888: 9 Venezuela: figured. Synonym. guatemelaina Ehrman: $ Guatemala. B.M. 5 3 2 2 Colombia (Magdalena Valley). 2 3 Vene- zuela. (b). Unh white band narrower, less than 1 mm. wide. Sub-sp. albistria Plotz 1881: Rio. ¢ and genitalia fig by Williams 1926. Synonyms. cholus Plétz 1881: 5. America. Fig Seitz. glaphyrus Mabille 1888: Blumenau: figured. leucodesma Godman 1907: “‘Name on Plétz’s MS plate 47 and*— cholus”’. 63 C.6. TYPHEDANUS B.M. 6322 Bolivia (Santa Cruz. Buenavista. Chiquitos). 5 $6 12 Santarem. 1 § Goyaz. 6 g 1 2 Matto Grosso. 1 $ Paraguay. Note. In the genitalia the differences lie in the aedeagus and the clasp, which alone are shown in the figures for most of the species. The aedeagus is seen from the left. C.6. TYPHEDANUS Butler 1870: type umber Herrich- Schaffer: sole species included was zephus Butler, which is a synonym of umber. A genus comprising several superficially very dissimilar species, but the resemblance of the structural characters indicate a generic afhnity. The antennal club is angled and _there is more of the nudum on the club than on the apiculus. There is no costal fold in the 3, but on uph there is radiating hair tuft arising from near the base of space 1c. ‘The geni- talia are of a similar type, with an undivided uncus and gnathos. The hindwing is produced at the tornus: the type has no tail, but the majority of the species have a long tail. One species, ampyx, closely resembles Astraptes anaphus superficially. 3 F 20-23 mm. la (6a). H tailed. 1 (2a). Uph tail and tornal area white. orion Cramer 1779: Surinam: figured. Fig by Drury 1782: Westwood 1837: Seitz. Genitalia fig by Williams 1926. B.M. 1 2 Colombia. 2 ¢ Venezuela. 4 3 4 2 Surinam. 4649 Fr Guiana. 1 ¢ 1 2 Ecuador (R. Napo). 103 19 Peru (Chanchamayo. La Merced. Loreto. Ucayali). 2 ¢ 1 2 Bolivia (Buenavista. ‘Tanampaya). 3 ¢ 5 2 Up Amazons (Obidos. Itaituba. Rio Madeira. Iquitos). 14 ¢ 12 Q Para. 1 9 Pernambuco. 1 ¢ 2 2 Maranham. 2 $ Goyaz. 2 5 2 2 Matto Grosso. 19 5 9 Brazil. 1g 19 Paraguay. 2a (1). Uph tail and rest of wing brown. 2b (5). Unh with conspicuous central and discal dark bands convergent apically. 64 ee C.6. TYPHEDANUS 2 (3a). Unh ground colour conspicuously striated dark brown: dark basal band in spaces 7 and 8: the central band broken about the upper end of the cell and the discal band continuous to vein 8. Unf dorsum incon- spicuously paler. undulatus Hewitson 1867: 9 ? loc: type B.M. Fig Hewitson 1873: Seitz: Mabille & Vuillot 1891. Genitalia fig by G & S, and Williams 1926. ¢ and genitalia fig Hayward 1948. B irifink: sumichristt Scudder 1872: Mexico. nicasius Pl6tz 1881: Brazil. elongatus Plétz 1881: Brazil. Fig Seitz. B.M. 163 79 Mexico. 5 3 Guatemala. 3 $ Honduras. 12 Salvador. 53 42 Panama. 95 22 Colombia. 17389 Venezuela. 1 ¢ 1 & Trinidad. 1 4 Br Guiana. 2 3 2 2 Surinam. 2 9 Fr Guiana. 6 $ 2 9 Bolivia (Santa Cruz. Buenavista. Tanampaya). 5 ¢ 6 9 Up Amazons (Teffe. Manicore. Fonte Boa. Obidos. Santarem). 16 3 17 9 Para. 3 6 2 2 Pernambuco. 2 g¢ Bahia. 1 9 Maranham. 1 ¢ Goyaz. 1 3 Minas Geraes. 2 3 3 2 Matto Grosso. 7352 Brazil (Rio). 36 12 Paraguay. 1 3 1 9 Argentine. 3a (2). Unh purple washed, not striated: dark basal band broken into 2 spots in spaces 7 and 8: central band con- tinued to vein 8 and the discal band broken at vein 7. Unf dorsum broadly and conspicuously whitish. 3:(4). Cuiller of clasp inclined but not bent over, tapers to a narrow bifid point. Generally larger, ¢ F 22 mm. Upf spot in space 3 hour-glass shape and the central band is wider. Uph hair tuft brown. galbula Plotz 1881: Brazil. Fig in Seitz (very badly). Fig by Mabille & Vuillot 1890 as stylites (very well) from a specimen now in B.M., without locality. B.M. 5 3 Peru (Chanchamayo. La Merced. Loreto). 5 6 Upper Amazons (Iquitos. Pebas). 1 2 Rio Cururu, Matto Grosso. 4 (3). Cuiller of clasp bent over nearly at right angles. Generally smaller, ¢ F 20 mm. Upf spot in space 3 rectangular. ¢ uph hair tuft ochreous. 65 C.6. TYPHEDANUS optica. 2 sub-species. (a). Below ground colour pale brown. Bent over part of cuiller long and narrow. Sub-sp. optica nov: 3 Br Guiana: type B.M. B.M. 1 2 Colombia. 3 2 Fr Guiana. 7 3 2 2 Br Guiana. (b). Unh much darker. Bent over part of cuiller short and very broad. Sub-sp. goya nov: ¢ Goyaz, Campinas: R. Spitz. B.M. 3 3S. Peru (Chaquimayo. San Gaban). 3 ¢ Up Amazons (Itaituba. Pebas). 2 g Para. 1 ¢ Goyaz. 5 (2b). Unh densely striated grey, bands inconspicuous. F falcate. Uph hair tuft yellow. stylites Herrich-Schaffer 1869: ? loc. Fig Seitz. Fig by Mabille & Vuillot 1890 = galbula. Synonym. janita Schaus 1902: Rio. B.M. 1 3 “Cayenne’’. 4 ¢ Minas Geraes. 2 $2 2 Brazil. 1 ¢ Novo Friborgo. 13 Parana. 6a (1a). H not tailed. 6 (7a). F apex falcate: termen indented at end of space 4. Unh densely striated and variegated: discal band con- tinuous, central band broken. Upf with a small additional spot in space 4. aziris Hewitson 1867: 3 Rio: type B.M. Fig Hewitson 1867: Seitz. B.M. 13 Rio. 24 no loc. 7a (6). F termen evenly convex. 7 (8). Upf with hyaline white spots, mid costa, double in cell, in spaces 2, 3 and 4, 3 apical spots. Below with conspicuous dark brown band on the brown-shaded ochreous ground. 3 F 21 mm. umber Herrich-Schaffer 1869: ? loc. Fig Seitz. Synonym. zephus Butler: ¢ Venezuela: type B.M. Fig Butler 1874. B.M. 36 1 2 Venezuela. 8 (7). Upf no hyaline spots. Uph yellow at tornus in ¢, not in 9. Unh tornal half of termen broadly yellow. 66 C7. POLYTHRIX Closely resembles Astraptes anaphus, but on upf the dark discal band is broken outwards at vein 3 and is irregularly continuous with the dark apical band: in anaphus the discal band is continuous to vein 4, where it is widely separated from the apical band. $ F 23 mm. ampyx Godman & Salvin 1893: 2 Mexico: type B.M.: figured. Fig Seitz. Synonym. alladius Godman & Salvin 1894: ¢ Mexico: figured 3 and genitalia. Fig Seitz. B.M. 14 3 1 2 Mexico. 1 $ Honduras. 1 g Nicaragua. 1 § Costa Rica. : C.7. POLYTHRIX Watson 1893: type metallescens Mabille fixed by author. A compact genus in respect of general appearance, charac- terised by the spot in space 3 of the forewing being approxi- mate to the central spots and the apical spots being in a straight line. Hindwing elongate with a long tail. Antennal club angled. 3 with a costal fold upf and some species have hair tufts on the wings. ¢ F 20 mm.) la (ga). Above, head and thorax brown. Unh with dark bands and spots. tb (6a). Upf a dark sub-basal spot in space rb. 1 (2a). Upf no dark or hyaline spot in space 1b under the spot in space 2, but there is an obscure post-discal band commencing at the apical spots and ending with a conspicuous dark bar in space 1b between the discal spot in space 2 and the termen. octomaculata. 3 sub-species. (a). Unh with a broad discal white area. 9 F 25 mm. Sub-sp. alciphron Godman & Salvin 1893: 2 Guerrero, Mexico: figured: type B.M. Fig Seitz, upperside only. B.M. Only the type. (b). Unh no white area. Upf apical spots in rakes 6, 7, 8, subequal, large and in line. ¢ F 20 mm. Sub-sp. octomaculata Sepp 1848: Surinam: figured. Fig Seitz (as “‘maculata’’). Genitalia fig by G & 5S and by Williams 1926. ¢ and genitalia fig by Hayward 1948. A.H.—6 67 C.7. POLYTHRIX Synonyms. decurtata Herrich-Schaffer 1869: ? loc. Fig Seitz showing basal green suffusion incorrectly. calenus Mabille 1888: Guatemala: figured (very badly). elegans Hayward 1933: 3 Argentine: figured. B.M. 3 3 Mexico (Vera Cruz). 3 5 1 29 Guatemala. 2 3 Honduras. 1 3 Nicaragua. 1 ¢ Panama. 11 3 Colombia. 63 19 Venezuela. 2 $ Tobago. 4 $ Br Guiana. 1312 Fr Guiana. 18 3 3 2 Peru (Lima. Rio Colorado. Huambo. Carabaya). 10 3 Bolivia (Reyes. R. Songo. Chiquitos. Tanampaya). 4 $ Up Amazons (Iquitos. Tonantins. Santarem). 6369 Para. 1312 Goyaz. 2g Pernambuco. 22 Bahia. 4 $ Matto Grosso. 26 ¢ S. Brazil. 163 2 2 Paraguay. 2 3 1 2 Argentine. (c). Upf apical spot in space 6 small and shifted out of line: spot in space 2 only a dot, spot in space 3 absent. Sub-sp. decussata Menetries 1855: ¢ Haiti: figured. Fig Seitz. B.M. None. 2a (1). Upf no dark spot in space rb beyond the discal spot in space 2, but immediately under that spot there are 2 small dark spots, the upper one of which is often hyaline. Aedeagus with a terminal spine projected to the left, seen ventrally. 2b (4a). Upf spot in space 3 not overlapped by the cell spot. Unh dark band macular and irregular. Aedeagus sheaf bifid into 2 long pointed branches. 2 (3). Upf hyaline spots in spaces 2 and 3 small and separate, widely separate from the cell spot and their inner edges are directed to the apical spots: usually only 3 apical spots, the lower one slightly shifted out of line. Unh markings as very prominent spots. Aedeagus much narrower and the terminal spine short. Clasp with the pointed tips of the cuiller and the style approximate. roma nov: $ Para: A. Miles Moss: type B.M. B.M. 2 3¢ Venezuela. 2 ¢ Trinidad. 1 ¢ Br Guiana. 15 692 Para. 1 § Goyaz. 3 (2). Upf spots in spaces 2 and 3 larger: inner edge of the spot in space 2 more or less in line with the inner edge 68 C.7, POLYTHRIX of the cell spot: usually 4 apical spots, in line. Unh dark markings less conspicuous and less broken into spots. Aedeagus nearly as wide as the uncus, the spine longer. Clasp with the tips of the cuiller and style wide apart. asine Hewitson 1867: 2 Nicaragua: type B.M. Fig in Seitz incorrectly shows 2 white spots in space 1b, upf. Fig by Mabille & Vuillot 1891 is of ceculus. Genitalia fig by Williams 1926. B.M. 19 ¢ 8 Mexico. 11 § Guatemala. 1.3 1 9 Hon- duras. 3 ¢ 1 2 Nicaragua. 10 ¢ 4 2 Costa Rica. 1 ¢ Panama. 1 § N.W. Peru (Vina). 4a (2b). Upf spot in space 3 overlapped by the cell spot and the spot in space 2: upper hyaline dot in space 1b, usually hyaline dots in spaces 4 and 5, a spot mid costa in spaces 10 and 11 and 4: apical spots in a curved, decreasing line. Aedeagus sheath shortly bifid: aedeagus spine very long and curved down against the aedeagus. Style of clasp very short. Unh bands confluent, incon- spicuous. 4 (5). Upf inner alee of the spot in space 2 is against the middle of the cell spot. Above, dark brown as in the preceding species. Cuiller slender, pointed. hirtius Butler 1870: $ Venezuela: type B.M. Fig Butler 1874: Seitz. Genitalia fig by Williams 1926. Synonym. witreus Scudder 1872: Venezuela. B.M. 43 1 2 Colombia (Bogota. Tolima). 4 $ Venezuela. 4 3 Peru (Huancabamba. Marcapata. Charape. Pozuzo). 5 (4). Upf inner edge of the spot in space 2 in line with the inner edge of the cell spot. Above much lighter, grey- brown. Upf central spots large and crowded together: the sub-basal dark spot in space 1b, and the inner edging to the spots in the cell and space 2, conspicuously black on the pale ground. Cuiller broad and blunt-ended. gyges nov: ¢ Rio Colorado, Peru: type B.M. B.M. 1 3 Colombia (R. Meta). 6 S$ Peru (Huancabamba. Rio Colorado. La Merced. Perene). 1 g Amazons (Iquitos). 69 C.7. POLYTHRIX 6a (1b). Upf no sub-basal dark spot in space rb: inner edges of spots in space 2 and cell in line, spot in space 3 not overlapped by the cell spot but is contiguous to the spot in space 2: 3 apical spots in line. 6b (8). Upf always an upper hyaline spot in space 1b, but no lower dark spot. 6(7). Unh dark markings very prominent. Cuiller broad, not tapered, inner edge before tip strongly serrate. callias Mabille 1888: no loc. Fig Mabille & Vuillot 1891. B.M. 14 Bolivia. 7 (6). Unh dark markings inconspicuous. Cuiller tapering to a rounded, blunt end, nowhere serrate. : procerus Plétz 1881: Para. Fig Seitz. Synonyms. delius Plotz 1881: Para. Fig Seitz. auginulus Godman & Salvin 1893: $ Guatemala: type B.M.: g¢ and genitalia figured. Fig in Seitz looks more like octomaculata. callicina Schaus 1902: 2 Honduras. B.M. 1 $ Guatemala. 2 ¢ Honduras. 1 9 Venezuela. 8 (6b). Upf no spot in space 1b, nor on costa over the cell spot: central 3 spots small, separated. ¢ uph a conspicuous yellow hair tuft from near the base of space 7, correlated to a dark scent patch mid dorsum unf, set in a polished area. minvanes Williams 1926: $ Matto Grosso: 3 9 and genitalia figured. Genitalia fig by Hayward 1948. B.M. 1 ¢ Para (bodyless: genitalia fig from Williams). Ya (1a). Above, head and thorax green. gb (12a). Unh with dark bands, as in preceding species. Upf no spot in space rb. 9 (10a). Upf spot in space 3 not overlapped by the spot in space 2, but contiguous to it: 3 apical spots. Uncus very broad. ceculus Herrich-Schaffer 1869: ¢ ? loc: type B.M. Fig Seitz, very poorly. Figs by Williams 1926 and Hayward 1948 are of caunus. B.M. 2 3 Colombia. 1 $ Br Guiana. 1 ¢ Para. 70 C.7. POLYTHRIX 10a (9). Upf spot in space 3 more or less overlapped by the spot in space 2. Uncus narrow and tapered to a quadrifid end. $ unh space 1b from base to middle deeply grooved and at the distal end of the groove there is a small erect hair tuft on vein rb. to (11). Upf generally 4 apical spots, rarely the spot in space g is absent. Unh brown, with no basal green suf- fusion: sometimes with an inconspicuous whitish spot in space Ic at the end of the discal band. caunus Herrich-Schaffer 1869: ? loc. Type figured by Mabille & Vuillot 1891 as = asine. Genitalia fig by Williams 1926 as ceculus: by G & S as auginus. $ and genitalia fig by Hayward 1948 as ceculus. ponym., lindora Butler 1870: 2 ? loc. Fig Butler 1874. B.M. 24 Mexico. 2 $ Guatemala. 2 ¢ Nicaragua. 3 ¢ Panamasen ¢ 29) Venezuela, 3g 2°9 Lrinidad: 2 2) Br Guiana. 1 @ Surinam. 2 3 Fr Guiana. 3 3 Bolivia. 1g 1 2 Up Amazons (Itaituba). 736 19 Para. 2 $ Bahia. 1 ¢ Matto Grosso. 1 § Goyaz. 4 3 3 2S. Brazil (Rio. Santa Catharina). 2 9g 1 2 Paraguay. Il (10). Upf with 3 apical spots. Unh paler, with basal green suffusion and a conspicuous white spot in space Ic at the end of the dark discal band. Smaller. auginus Hewitson 1867: $ Ega, Amazons: type B.M. Fig Hewitson 1875: 2 by Mabille & ular 1891: Seitz. Genitalia fig by G & S = caunus. Synonym. flammula Herrich-Schaffer 1869: ? loc. Type fig by Mabille & Vuillot 1893 as = auginus. Fig Seitz. B.M. 1 3 Nicaragua. 2 g Trinidad. 1 ¢ Br Guiana. 19 Surinam. 1 ¢ Fr Guiana. 3 ¢ 2 2 Amazons (Itaituba. Abuna. Madeira R.). 5 ¢ 3 2 Para. 1 ¢ Minas Geraes. 1 gS. Brazil (Corcovado). [2a (gb). Unh with a narrow white discal band. ¢ unh with conspicuous green basal suffusion, palpi and thoracic clothing green: green colouring reduced in 9. ¢$ unf with a conspicuous brown hair tuft from near base of space rb. 12 (13). Upf with 3 rather small separated hyaline spots in spaces, 2, 3 and cell: 3 apical spots. i C.8. HERONIA metallescens Mabille 1888: 2 Brazil: figured. Fig Seitz: G & S, 3 and genitalia. Synonym. piliger Mabille 1891: 3 Itaituba. Fig Mabille & Vuillot 1893. B.M. 1 9 Honduras. 2 g 1 2 Panama. 2 ¢ Venezuela. 1g Trinidad. 1 2 Br Guiana. 1 $ Fr Guiana. 1 3 Peru. 93 5 ¢ Para. [3 (12). Upf spot in space 3 lies at the base of space 3 and is completely merged in a narrow central hyaline band running from vein 2 to the upper edge of the cell: no apical spots. eudoxus Stoll 1781: Surinam: figured. Fig Seitz. B.M. 1 ¢ Fr Guiana. C.8. HERONIA Mabille & Boullet 1912: type Jabriaris Butler: sole species included. An isolated genus with no near ally. Peculiar in having the mid tibiae spined and in the position of the spot in space 2 upf, which is placed before the cell spot: there is a complete row of small discal spots from space 1b to 8, no spot in space g. ¢ with a costal fold: F 22 mm. Single species. labriaris Butler 1877: 2 Amazons, Rio Purus: type B.M. Fig Mabille & Boullet 1912: Seitz. Synonym. seneca Pl6otz 1880: Brazil: copy of MS fig in B.M. B.M. 2 3 Peru (La Merced. Rio Colorado). 2 $ Bolivia (Muschay, Beni R. Guanay, Mapiri R.). 1 Q Labria, Rio Purus. C.9. CHRYSOPLECTRUM Watson 1893: type otriades Hewitson: fixed by author. As its name implies, the genus was based on the peculiar secondary sexual characters of the 3, recalling Tarsoctenus: the hind tarsi are furnished with a golden plectrum con- sisting of a double row of closely set spines. But the first two species do not exhibit this peculiarity, though the simi- larity of the ostium bursae of the females, with a triangular 72 C.9. CHRYSOPLECTRUM pointed process on either side, establish their generic affinity. The antennae are bent beyond the thickest part of the club and the nudum on the club (12 segments) is equal in length to the nudum on the apiculus (16 segments). The cell F is as long as vein 1. ‘The tornus H is produced and lobed. $ with a costal fold except in perna. la (3a). 3 above, head, thorax and wing bases shining green; also below, the palpi, pectus and wing bases: blue instead of green in 2 and more extensive on wings. Unh with a double yellowish spot or dash on the disc in space rc. Cilia brown. ¢ without a tarsal plectrum: with a costal fold. Uncus of the Urbanus type ending in long separated oints. s (2). $ upf with a narrow yellowish central band of spots in cell, spaces 2 and 3: white in 2 and continued into space 1b, also broader. Unf dorsum pale yellow in 3: in 2 the band runs into a large tornal white area. 2 below, pectus and palpi pale yellow, shaded greenish blue. ¢ F 20 mm. pervivax Hiibner 1819: 2 Surinam: to replace pertinax. Fig Seitz. Synonyms. pertinax Stoll 1790: 2 Surinam: figured: homonym by Stoll 1781. schellert Kirby 1871: 2 Surinam: for figure by Sepp 1853 as pertinax Stoll. eudicus Mabille 1888: 3 Santa Catharina: figured. neobulus Mabille 1888: 2 Brazil: figured. Beit 61 2 Br Guiana/1 2 Sufinam..1 2. Bolivia (Buenavista). 2 2 Up Amazons (Iquitos). 8 g 11 2 Para. 2 (1). Upf no white band in g. Genitalia similar and may be a dimorph of pervivax. bahiana. 2 sub-species. (a). ¢ F 21 mm. ¢ unf a more or less conspicuous yel- lowish dash mid costa, which may just enter cell: dorsum yellowish. 2 (Pl6tz’s MS fig of pseudochalybe) above unmarked: unf a narrow white central band from costa across cell and a bluish spot in space 2, above a tornal white area. fd C.9. CHRYSOPLECTRUM Sub-sp. bahiana Herrich-Schaffer 1869: 3 ? loc. Fig Seitz: genitalia by Williams & Bell 1934. Synonyms. pseudochalybe Herrich-Schaffer 1869: 2 ? loc. Plétz’s MS fig of type in B.M. Fig Seitz. euphronius Mabille 1888: 3 Yuruty: figured. hurga Schaus 1902: ¢ Peru. alexandert Weeks 1906: 3 Venezuela. Fig Weeks 1g1t. B.M. 1 3 Br Guiana. 1 g Surinam. 1 g Amazons (St Paulo d’Olivenca). (b). ¢ F 24 mm. Unf dorsum brown: semi-hyaline double yellowish spot on either side of the origin of vein 11 and a lower spot in the cell between the origins of veins 3 and 4. 2 (Plétz’s MS fig of orphne) upf with a white band, as in pervivax: unf dorsum brown and the white band goes to vein 1, where it turns towards the base above the vein for a short distance. Sub-sp. orphne Pl6tz 1882: 2 Rio: copy of Plotz’s MS plate in B.M. Fig Seitz. B.M. 1¢ Rio. 3a (1a). No green or blue colouring at wing bases, but there is often a strong gloss in a side light. Uncus short and broad, division at end shallow. 3b (7). Veins concolorous with the ground colour. 3c (5a). Unh without blue discal spots: generally with 2 discal white spots in space Ic. 3 with a costal fold and a golden plectrum on hind tarsi. 3 (4). Upf unmarked other than by obscure dark bands. Cilia generally brown, but in one B.M. specimen they are narrowly white on H and in space 1b on F. ¢ F 20 mm. Genitalia as in perniciosus, of which it may be a dimorphic form. otriades Hewitson 1867: ¢ Amazons: type B.M. Fig Hewitson 1875 and in Seitz. B.M. 12 Venezuela. 1 9 Amazons (Villa Nova). 7 $ Para. 4 (3). Upf with hyaline white spots in cell, spaces 3, 2 and often in space rb. perniciosus. 2 sub-species. (a). g 23 mm. Back of clasp rounded. Unh purple 74 C.9. CHRYSOPLECTRUM brown: discal spots obsolete: cilia brown. Upf band compact and unf dorsum white. Sub-sp. epicincia Butler & Druce 1872: 3 Costa Rica: type B.M. Fig G & S, 6 and genitalia as perniciosus. B.M. 13 1 2 Mexico. 1 $ Nicaragua. 1 $ Costa Rica. (b). 3 generally 21 mm., but specimens from Peru and Bolivia are larger. Back of clasp angled. Unh brown, discal spots in space 1c conspicuous. Upf spotting in 3 is very variable, may be compact (always in @) or the cell spot may be widely separated. Cilia generally narrowly white on H and in space 1b on F. Sub-sp. perniciosus Herrich-Schaffer 1869: ? loc. MS fig of typein B.M. Fig Seitz: G & 5 figs = epicincia. Synonym. justus Plotz 1882: S. America. Fig Seitz. B.M. 1319 Panama. 1 $ Colombia. 5 ¢ 1 9 Br Guiana. Ig Surinam. 1 g 1 @ Fr Guiana. 1 ¢ Peru (Chancha- mayo). 1 ¢ Bolivia (Santa Cruz). 16 ¢ 8 2 Amazons (Iquitos to Santarem). 9 ¢ 4 @ Para. 1 2 Maranham. 2 6 Minas Geraes. 5a (3c). Unh with blue discal spots. Upf spots as in perniciosus, but the cell spot overlaps the spot in space 2 and is far from the spot in space 3. Cilia white on H and Mmispace Tb F. 5 (6). 3 with a costal fold and a golden plectrum on the hind tarsi. Large, ¢ F 25 mm. Upf with an obscure post-discal band of large blue spots in spaces rb to 4. Unh with a discal band of broad blue spots from space Ic to space 5 or 6. orpheus Plotz 1882: Para. Copy of Plétz’s MS fig of ¢ in B.M. The fig in Seitz is believed to have been taken from Plétz’s fig of the 2 and to represent the 2 of perna. bolo 6 Amazons -(larapote))) 1d no loe. 51 °o) Fr Guiana. 6 (5). 3 no costal fold: tarsal plectrum dark red and less conspicuous. ¢ F 20 mm. Unf tornal bluish white area much more conspicuous. Unh the discal blue spots narrower and extend to space 7: spot in space 6 is a narrow streak in the d. 75 C.10. ZESTUSA perna nov: 3 Colombia, Bogota: type B.M. 2 fig Seitz as orpheus. B.M. only the type. 7 (3b). 2 below, all veins white except at base, also on disc uph. Upf band compact and broad. Cilia brown, white at apex, on F: narrowly white on H. Genitalia of 3 said to be as in perniciosus. 9 F 25 mm. albovenae Bell 1932: ¢ Santa Catharina, Brazil. B.M.. 1 2 Santos, 5. Brazil. C.10. ZESTUSA Lindsey 1925: type staudingeri Mabille: fixed by author: to replace Plestia. Synonym. Plestia Mabille 1888: type staudingeri Mabille: sole species included: homonym by Stal 1871. Antennae broadly arcuate, nudum very long, 34 segments. Palpi porrect. Tail very broad and short, 35 mm. Thorax and legs very hairy. Facies abnormal: upf, in addition to the central hyaline spots in the cell and spaces 2 and 3, there is a confluent discal series in spaces 1b, 2 and 3: also an apical series in spaces 6, 7, 8 and g, the last two being conjoined and situated just beyond the end of the cell, as in Codatractus. 3 upf with costal fold. ¢ F 20 mm. I (2). Uph with hyaline white spots. - dorus Edwards 1882: 3 Arizona. Fig G & S: Holland 1931: Seitz. Genitalia fig by Lindsey, Bell & Williams 1931, and Skinner & Williams 1922. B.M. 28 6 42 Arizona, 7 ¢ 2 9 New Mexico. 1 g¢ Texas. 1 9 Mexico (N. Sonora). 2 (1). Uph without hyaline spots: 2 rows of yellow spots. staudingeri. 2 sub-species. (a). F spots more developed, present from space rb to 9. Sub-sp. elwesi Godman & Salvin 1893: $ Orizaba, Mexico: $ and genitalia figured: type B.M. Fig Seitz. Biv. (nd type: (b). F spots reduced, none in spaces 4 and 5. Below darker. Sub-sp. staudingeri Mabille 1888: 3 Guatemala: figured. mig: Gyserp. B.M. None. 76 C.11. CODATRACTUS C.ll. CODATRACTUS Lindsey 1921: type bryaxis Hewitson: fixed by author as zmitatrix Mabille, a synonym of imalena Butler, which is a sub-species of bryaxis. Synonym. Heteropia Mabille: type wmitatrix Mabille: fixed by Watson 1893: homonym by Carter 1886. A compact genus in respect of facies and genitalia. Antennae broadly arcuate. F with conjoined apical spots in spaces 8 and 9g, just beyond end of cell: spot in space 3 generally midway between the termen and the central band. Unh with 3 dark irregular bands. ‘Tailed or tailless. ¢ no costal fold. la (g). Unh with dark bands. tb (4a). ‘Tailed. I (2a). F spot in space 1b completely detached from the spot in space 2. Gnathos short, less than half uncus. ‘Top of cuiller strongly humped. 2 ostium bursa furnished with 2 long thin projecting processes. carlos. 3 sub-species. (a). Above, basal half F and two-thirds of H clothed with ochreous hairs, very bright in fresh specimens. Unh identical with alcaeus; the white discal area rather more extensive, often extending above vein 4 towards the apex. @ 25) mm. Sub-sp. carlos nov: $ Honduras: type B.M. Fig as alcaeus by Holland 1931: Seitz: genitalia by G & S, Skinner & Williams 1922: Lindsey, Bell & Williams 1931. B.M. 3 5 Mexico. 3 g 1 9 Guatemala. 6 $ Honduras. 15 ¢ 1 2 Costa Rica. 65 Panama. 1 $ Colombia. 1 ¢ Fr Guiana (7). 1 $ Peru (La Merced) (?). (b). Above, basal ochreous colouring absent. Below, as carlos. 3 F 24 mm. Sub-sp. rowena nov: ¢ Venezuela, Putao Guiria: Aug 1891: type B.M. B.M. 23 Colombia. 1 3 Venezuela. (c). As rowena, smaller, $ F 22 mm. Unh the discal white colouring obsolete. Sub-sp. arguta nov: g¢ Trinidad, N. Mountains: nee to Jan 1939: A. Hall: type B.M. B.M. 3 ¢ 2 2 Trinidad. 77 C.11. CODATRACTUS. 2a (1). F spot in space 1b overlapped by the spot in space 2. Gnathos nearly as long as the uncus. Cuiller of clasp flat-topped. Above no yellow colouring. 2 (3). Unh with a conspicuous white discal area. alcaeus. 2 sub-species. (a). F central spots normal, spot in space 3 widely separate. ¢ F 25 mm. Sub-sp. aleaeus Hewitson 1867: 2 Nicaragua: type B.M. Fig Hewitson 1875. All other figures are referable to carlos, q.v. Synonym. montezuma Scudder 1872: 3 Tehuantapec. B.M. 3 ¢ Mexico. 4 g 2 2 Honduras. 2 2 Nicaragua. 1 2 Costa Rica. (b). F central spots greatly enlarged and yellower: spot in space 2 1s 34 mm. long and reaches the spot in space 3. g F 24 mm. Sub-sp. apulia nov: g Ecuador (coll Hewitson): type B.M. B.M. 1 ¢ type. 1 ¢ H.M.S. Herald expedition 1860, obtained most probably in Panama. 3 (2). Unh no discal white area. Above black, bases dull greenish ochreous. F spots as in alcaeus. 3 F 26 mm. aminias Hewitson 1867: 3 Minas Geraes: type B.M. Fig Hewitson 1875: Seitz: genitalia by Williams & Bell 1933: ¢ and genitalia by Hayward 1948. Synonyms. pithys Schaus 1902: Castro, Parana. breyert Hayward 1935: 2 Argentine. B.M. 1 g 1 2 Bolivia (Sara, Santa Cruz. Buenavista). 1 g Minas Geraes. 73 6925. Brazil (Parana). 1 ¢ Para- guay. 10 9 Argentine. 4a (1b). Tailless. 4b (7a). Uncus deeply divided and arms wide apart. 4c (6). Uncus and gnathos arms stout, divergent. 4 (5). Gnathos arms turned outwards at ends.. Top of cuiller humped. Above base F and most of H dull ochreous. Unh with a sullied white post-discal area. Wings produced. g F 28 mm. arizonensis Skinner 1905: 3 Arizona. Fig by Skinner 1911: 78 C.11. CODATRACTUS Holland 1931: genitalia by Skinner & Williams 1922: Lindsey, Bell & Williams 1931. B.M. 11 3 Arizona. 6 ¢ Mexico (Iguala. Cuernavaca. Rinconada. Oaxaca. Guerrero). 5 (4). Gnathos arms straight. Cuiller flat-topped. Above uniform dark brown. Unh no white discal area. Wings not produced. ¢ F 25 mm. melon Godman & Salvin 1893: ¢ Guerrero: type B.M.: figured. Fig Seitz. B.M. 15 3 1 2 Mexico (Jalisco. Guerrero. Rinconada. Coatepec). 2 ¢ Guatemala. 3 ¢ Nicaragua. 1 $ Trinidad. 6 (4c). Uncus arms slender, straight. Gnathos arms slender, turned inwards. Above, like arizonensis, spots smaller, yellower. Unh with broad discal white area. 6 F.23 mm. cyledis Dyar 1912: ¢ Mexico. Fig Seitz: genitalia fig by Williams & Bell 1934. B.M. 1 ¢ Mexico (Iguala). 7a (4b). Uncus not deeply divided at end. 7 (8). Uncus tapered, end scalloped. Cuiller inclined, not bent over as usual. Wings broad, coloured above as arizonensis. Unh very broad white area reaching termen and dorsum. ¢ F 24 mm. cyda Godman 1go1: $ Honduras: type B.M.: figured. Fig iy Setkz....” B.M. to ¢ Honduras. 8 (7). Uncus broad-ended, division shallow. Cuiller flat- topped. ¢ F 25 mm. bryaxis. 2 sub-species. (a). Above, basal half F and most of H bright yellow. Unh with narrow white discal area. Sub-sp. bryaxis Hewitson 1867: 3 Guatemala: type B.M. Figured Hewitson 1873: Seitz: genitalia fig by G & S. B.M. 2 3 Mexico (Vera Cruz). 5 ¢ 3 2? Guatemala. 1 ¢ Honduras. fe C.iz. RIDENS (b). Above, basal half of F and most of H dark greenish blue. F spots bluish white. Unh as melon. Sub-sp. imalena Butler 1874: 2 Costa Rica: figured: type B.M. Fig Seitz. Synonym. imitatrix Mabille 1889: Brazil: type B.M. B.M. 1446 22 Costa Rica. 13 ¢ 22 Panama. 1 ¢ Colom- bia. 2-6 Para. 1.6 Beank 9 (1a). Unh no dark bands: a central whitish band, as in Aguna asander. Above like cyledis. $ F 22 mm. hyster Dyar 1916: Mexico. Fig Seitz. B.M. 2 3 Mexico (Ciudad. Acapulco, Guerrero). C.12. RIDENS Evans (p. 40 ante): type Eudamus ridens Hewitson: fixed by author. A genus that is related to Urbanus in respect of the 3 genitalia, having a deeply divided uncus and an undivided gnathos. It is separated because of the much stouter anten- nal club, which is more or less arcuate. Typically with apical spots in spaces 6 to g, ending over the end of the cell, and a central band of hyaline white spots from space 1b to the costa, the spot in space 3 being more or less separated. The last two species lack these forewing markings, but have similar genitalia and antennae. ¢ with costal fold. la (12a). Upf with a central band of hyaline spots. tb (4a). Unh with a broad central white band from space Ic to space 7, divided at end of cell. Back of cuiller produced to a sharp point. 1c (3). Tailless. F central spots very large: spots present in spaces 4 and 5. ¢ F 25 mm. I (2). F spot in space 3 detached from spot in space 2: spot in space 1b not reaching vein 1. Uph at most obscure traces of the central band from below. crison. 2 sub-species. (a). Above, thorax and wing bases dark blue. Unh central band pale blue and much broken up. Sub-sp. crison Godman & Salvin 1893: 2 Guatemala: type B.M.: figured. Fig Seitz. 80 C.12. RIDENS B.M. Only the type. (b). Above thorax and wing bases dull grey. Unh band compact, white, divided by dark veins. Sub-sp. cachinnans Godman igor: ¢ Chiriqui: type B.M.: figured. Fig Seitz. B.M. 1 g Costa Rica. 2 § 1 9 Panama. 2 (1). F spot in space 3 touching spot in space 2: spot in space 1b reaches vein 1. Uph a central white hyaline band from vein 2 to vein 7: a tuft of greyish white hairs in space 1b beyond the middle. Antennal club con- spicuously white above. ridens Hewitson 1876: Chiriqui. Fig G & S, 3 and geni- talia: Seitz. Synonym. coronus Plotz 1882: Chiriqui. B.M. 13 3 3 ¢ Panama. 3 (1c). H with a white tail, 7 mm. long. F central spots small and wide apart. Above thorax and wing bases greenish blue. Small, ¢ F 22 mm. biolleyi Mabille 1900: Costa Rica. B.M. 23 5 2 Costa Rica. 1 2? Panama. 4a (1b). Unh no central white band: often with a more or less developed row of diffuse discal white spots, beyond which the area to the termen may be white powdered, and there may be an obscure cell spot. Back of cuiller rounded. 4b (11). Above, black, thorax and wing bases blue or green. 4 (5a). H with a long black tail. F with spots in spaces 4 and 5: central band narrow and regular, inner edges of spots in spaces 1b, 2, cell and costa in line, and the spot in space 3 just overlapping the spot in space 2. Cilia F dark brown; H white, unchequered. 3 F 28 mm. harpagus Felder 1867: $ Colombia: type B.M.: figured. Fig Seitz: genitalia by Williams 1927. Synonym. terracina Ehrman 1907: 2 Colombia. B.M. 3 $ Colombia. 6 g Ecuador (Ambato. Bafios. R. Numbala). 32 ¢ Peru (Chanchamayo. Huancabamba. 81 C.12. RIDENS Pozuzo. Carabaya. R. Inambari. Huayabamba. Oxa- pampa). 18 ¢g Bolivia (Cochabamba. Artillero. San Jacinto). 5a (4). ‘Tailless. 5 (6a). F cilia brown throughout: H white, unchequered. F apical spots in spaces 6 to g in line: central band as in harpagus. Cuiller strongly humped at end, with a straight beak directed inwards. ¢ F 28 mm.: wings produced as in harpagus. philistus. 2 sub-species. (a). F without spots in spaces 4 and 5 Sub-sp. philia nov: ¢ Colombia, Cauca, Juntas: M. de Mathan: end 1897-8: type B.M. Fig Seitz pl 168 of dinora upperside = philia. B.M. 3 3 Colombia (Cauca. R. Dagua). (b). F with spots in spaces 4 and 5, as in harpagus. Sub-sp. philistus Hopffer 1874: ¢ Peru. Fig Seitz. B.M. 1 3 Peru (Chanchamayo). 6a ‘ 5). F cilia at tornus white. b (ga). F upper and lower edges of spot in space 2 equal. 6 (7a). F the double costal spot is small and is placed over the outer edge of the cell spot: spot in space 3 small, overlapped by the spot in space 2, but widely separated from the cell spot. Unh the double white discal spot in space Ic is usually conspicuous and the rest of the discal band faint or absent. Cilia H usually unchequered. Cuiller without a beak. 3 F 26 mm. mephitis Hewitson 1876: Chiriqui. Fig G & S: genitalia by Williams 1927. Synonym. dinora Plétz 1881: Chiriqui. Fig Seitz pl 168, underside = mephitis, upperside = philia. B.M. 1 9 “Honduras”’ (resembles 2 of fulima). 1 3 Costa Rica. 1 ¢ Panama. 8 3 Colombia (R. Dagua. Cauca. Valdivia. Bogota). 3 ¢ Peru (Rentema Falls. Moya- bamba). 1 ¢ Bolivia (La Paz). 7a (6). F the double costal spot over the centre of the cell spot. $2 C.12. RIDENS 7 (8). F inner edge of the spot in space 2 against the centre of the cell spot, or even more outward: spot in space 3 more or less overlapped by the spot in space 2, and far from the cell spot. H cilia conspicuously chequered usually. Cuiller flat-topped, with a short beak, curved down. ¢ F 27 mm. fulminans Herrich-Schaffer 1869: ? loc. Fig Seitz pl 168, upperside correctly = fulminans, but underside = fulima: genitalia fig by Williams 1927. B.M. 4 $ Colombia. 3 g Ecuador (Loja. Zamora. R. Pastaza). 8 $ Peru (Chanchamayo. Carabaya. Huambo. Huancabamba. Huayabamba. Huacamayo. Moyabamba). 1 $ Bolivia (aberrant, F spots very reduced and H cilia white). 8 (7). F inner edge of spot in space 2 in line with the inner edge of the cell spot: spot in space 3 1s contiguous to the cell spot, rendering the band compact. Unh discal spots faint or obsolete, but the outer discal area to the termen is conspicuously paler brown. Cilia H narrowly white, not chequered. Cuiller slightly humped, beak long and straight. ¢ F 25 mm. fulima nov: 3 Espirito Santo: type B.M. Fig Seitz pl 168, underside, as fulminans. B.M. 13 Para. 73295. Brazil (Espirito Santo. Parana. Rio Grande. Theresopolis. Santa Catharina). 9a (6b). F lower edge of spot in space 2 elongate outwards, much longer than the upper edge. g (10). F no costal or apical spots: spot in space 1b with its lower edge elongate, almost reaching the termen. Unh plain dark green with a long sub-tornal spot in space Ic. Unf a suffused white triangle under the spot in space rb. Cilia H narrow, not chequered. Cuiller humped and toothed at the top of the hump, beak straight. g¢ F 30 mm. panche Williams 1927: 3 Colombia: ¢ and genitalia figured. B.M. 2 $ Ecuador (Paramba). 1 2 Colombia. 10 (9g). F with a double costal spot, not so wide as the cell spot: 3, 2 or I (in space g), or no apical spots: spot in A.H.—7 83 C.12. RIDENS space 1b normal, lower edge not elongate. Unh with a more or less developed discal band, as in fulminans. Cilia H chequered. Cuiller as in panche, but not toothed at the top of the hump. ¢ F 30 mm. pacasa Williams 1927: $ Bolivia: ¢ and genitalia figured. B.M. 5 3S Peru (Chanchamayo. San Ramon. Rio Colorado). 3 3 Bolivia (Sara, Santa Cruz de la Sierra). 12 Brazil. Il (4b). Above brown, thorax and wing bases obscure dull dark green. F hyaline spots pale yellow, as in harpagus, but dots or dashes rarely present in spaces 4 and 5. H cilia white, unchequered: termen more crenulate than usual. Tornus lobed. Unf dorsum narrowly whitish on either side of vein 1 and a small suffused spot under the spot in space 1b. Unh a pale yellow lunule in space re, no discal band. Cuiller tapered, quite unlike rest of genus. 3 F 25 mm. bridgmani Weeks 1902: ¢ Cochabamba: figured. Genitalia fig by Williams & Bell 1933. Synonym. bolivar Mabille 1903: 3 Bolivia: type B.M. B.M. 1 g¢ Mexico (Guerrero). 5 3 Ecuador (Loja. Zamora). 2 ¢ S.E. Peru (Chirimayo. R. Huacamayo). 2 $ Bolivia (Cochabamba). 3 12a (1a). F no central hyaline spots. H lobed. Back of cuiller rounded, top flat, long beak. 12 (13). F with small apical hyaline spots in spaces 9, 8 and a dot in space 7. Above dark brown, thorax and wing bases inconspicuously dark greenish blue. Unf dorsum pale brown. Unh double pale yellow spot in space 1c and traces of a faint, suffused discal band. ¢ F 25 mm. nora nov: ¢ Huacamayo, Carabaya: dry season, June 1904: 3,100 feet: G. Ockenden: type B.M. B.M. Only the type. 13 (12). F spotless. Above black, cilia F narrowly white from dorsum to vein 5: H the white cilia widen towards the tornus, where the entire lobe is white, extending slightly on to the wing. Below entirely dark brown, except 84 C.13. URBANUS for a broad white border H from the tornus to vein 4 or 5. $ F 26 mm. tristis Draudt 1924: 3 ? loc: figured (no text). Genitalia fig by Williams & Bell 1934. Synonym. albomarginata 'Tessmann 1928: 3 Pozuzo. B.M. 3 ¢ Peru (Chanchamayo. Perene. Moyabamba). 2 $ Bolivia (Sara, Santa Cruz de la Sierra. Yungas, La Paz). C.13. URBANUS Hiibner 1807: type proteus Linnaeus: fixed by Hemming 1933. Synonyms. Gonimurus Hiibner 1819: type proteus Linnaeus: fixed by Westwood 1852. | Eudamus Swainson 1831: type proteus Linnaeus: fixed by author. Lyroptera (Hopffer MS) Plotz 1881 = Eudamus. The genus contains the tailed Pyrginae which have hooked antennae: the club is slender and the apiculus is sometimes bent right back against the club: nudum 2/18. The genitalia resemble those of Astraptes and Autochton in having a deeply divided uncus and an undivided gnathos: the clasp alone furnishes evidence of specific identity. Most species have a costal fold upf. The uph is unmarked: the unh has dark markings, consisting of a continuous discal band, and a central band, usually macular, made up of a spot in space Ic, cell spot, and an inner and an outer spot in space 7: in some species these markings are faint or obsolete. la (23a). H tail brown. tb (12a). Above, head, body and wing bases glossed, shining green or blue. Ic (11). F comparatively broad, width (perpendicular from tornus to costa) > 4 length F. 1d (6a). Unh the central band may be compact or be broken into spots, in which case the cell spot is the largest and is placed generally nearer to the inner than to the outer spot in space 7. Cuiller with a nose that does not project. g¢ F 22 mm. 85 C.13. URBANUS te (4a). 3 with costal fold. I (2a). g uph green colour gradually shaded off, no well- marked broad submarginal band. Cuiller short, no higher than broad, the nose short and rounded, and with no lip below the nose. 3 upf the spots in space 2 and cell usually separate. Unh dull brown, central spots separated: white edging in space tc to the discal band faint. Antennae continuously pale yellow below the club and the apiculus. Tail long, ¢ 10, 2 13 mm. proteus. 2 sub-species. (a). $ upf with hyaline streaks in spaces 4 and 5, at least represented by a dot over vein 4 and another under vein 6. Cilia F conspicuously chequered up to apex. H more crenulate than usual: chequering of cilia not reaching to the outer edge, causing the border to look much whiter than in other species. Sub-sp. proteus Linnaeus 1758: America: fig by Merian and Clerck. Fig by Cramer: Abbott & Smith: Holland: Hayward 1948 (= pronta): Seitz (upperside: underside = viterboana). Genitalia fig by Skinner & Williams 1922: Williams 1926: Lindsey, Bell & Williams 1931: the fig by Godman & Salvin 1s of alva. B.M. 80 3 63 2 U.S.A. (California. Florida. Texas. Georgia. Alabama). 12 $9 2 Mexico. 3 ¢ 1 2 Guatemala. 3632 Honduras. 1319 Nicaragua. 2 3 4 2 Costa Rica. 23622 Panama. 64 15 2 Colombia. 11 ¢ 22 2 Venezuela. 16 ¢ 6 2 Triniddd:.1 9 Tobago. 3.¢ 4 9 pie 24662 Surinam. 2 3 3 9 Ecuador (Paramba. Loja). 5342 Peru (Lima. Chanchamayo. Huanco. Marcapata. Amazonas. W. of Andes). 5 2 Bolivia. 1 3 1 2 Iquitos. 5 6:9 2 Para. 1 f Ceara. 1 5 3 2 Pernambuco) aga Bahia. 1g 12 Maranham. 2 ¢ 2 9 Minas Geraes. 35 12 Matto Grosso.. 19 ¢ 21 2 S. Brazil (Rio. Parana. Sao Paulo. Rio Grande. Espirito Santo). 6 3 7 9 Paraguay. 25°36 3 2 Arcentime (am 15. black). (b). Darker, markings more or less reduced, as well as chequering of cilia. Sub-sp. domingo Scudder 1872: Haiti. Fig Comstock 1934 from Porto Rico. Synonym. proteides Plotz 1881: N. America. 56 C.13. URBANUS Bove l2 oi1g) Sait. 4d.7 © Cayman: Ts: 5) ¢/5 9 Bar- bados. 63 62 Bahamas. 2 5 1 2 St Eustatius. 1 $ Porto Rico. a acot Thomas, 22/4) 10;2Dominica: 3 4/89 St Watteeiie igi seSrmt Rittsnese igre tes lucia.-6¢5 13: 2 Grenada. 3 ¢ 2 2 Antigua. 1 ¢ 2 2 Montserrat. 2 3 1 ? Nevis. 3 5 9 2 Martinique. 3 ¢ Guadeloupe. 50 3 38 ? Cuba. 30 3 31 2 Jamaica (1 2 black). 2a (1). ¢ uph green (or blue) colouring sharply limited by a broad dark border. Cuiller isosceles, much higher than broad, the nose rounded or pointed and with a well- defined lip below the nose. Upf without hyaline markings in spaces 4 and 5, but often with a dot above vein 4. Cilia H chequered to outer edge. Antennae, upper part of club darkened, not continuously pale yellow. 2 (3). d tail over 5 mm. long. Unh discal band uniform, not becoming macular at upper end. Cuiller with the lip projecting beyond the nose. viterboana. 3 sub-species. (a). Above, basal clothing green. ¢ tail 8 mm. Unh typically with the central band unbroken and broadly bifid at its upper end, but very often the spots in space 7 are separated. g upf the spots in space 2 and the cell generally overlap. A very variable form, varying towards proteus, viterboana and pronta. Nose of cuiller pointed. Sub-sp. alva nov: 3 Mexico, Atoyac, Vera Cruz; May: H. H. Smith: genitalia figured by G & S as proteus: type B.M. B.M. 163 62 Mexico. 3 6 2 2 Guatemala. 1 ¢ 1 2? Hon- duras.- 1 § Nicaragua. 1 9 Salvador. 2 $ 1 2 Costa Rica. 54642 Panama. 7 3 2 2 Colombia. 3 ¢ 4 2 Venezuela. 43629 Trinidad. 1 $ Tobago. 3339 Br Guiana. 23 29 Surinam. 5 ¢ 62 Fr Guiana. 3 ¢ 3 ¢ Ecuador (Chimbo. La Chima. Rio Pastaza. Cachabe). 6 3 4 9 Peru (Chan- chamayo. Marcapata. Cuzco. Carabaya. Ucayali. Rio Colorado). 1 3 3 2 Bolivia (Charaplaya. Yungas, La Paz. Buenavista). 1 ¢ 1 2 Iquitos. 1 g 1 @ Itaituba. 3 ¢ 3 9 Para. 1 $ Bahia. 1 $ Petropolis. 1 g Argentine (Tucu- man). 87 C.13. URBANUS (b). Above, basal clothing blue. ¢ tail 10 mm. H termen more convex. Unh the central band unbroken, but may be enlarged or bifid at its upper end. ¢ F typically, spots in space 2 and cell wide apart. Cuiller with straight back: nose rounded. Sub-sp. viterboana Ehrman 1907: 3 Sacorro, Colombia. Type fig by Holland 1927. B.M. 3322 Mexico. 3 ¢ 1 9 Guatemala. 12 3 3 2 Costa Rica. 23 3 2 Panama. 5 5 7 2 Colombia. 2 ¢ 2 2 Vene- zuela. 1 ¢ Ecuador (Rio Tapo). 4 3 1 2 Peru (Chancha- mayo. Carabaya. Limbani). 1 3 Bolivia (Yungas, La Paz). os Above, basal clothing rather dull green. ¢ tail to mm. Unh central band of uniform width throughout. Clasp as alva. Sub-sp. belli Hayward 1935: 2 Argentine. Fig Hayward 1948. B.M. 1 3 Bolivia (Yungas, La Paz). 1 $ Argentine (Tucuman). 3 (2). g tail 5 mm. Unh upper part of discal band divided into spots by pale veins. Unh central spots separated. Above, like alva, spots in space 2 and cell overlap. Cuiller with a straight back, point sharply pointed and nose protruding beyond the lip. 1 $ has the genitalia of pronus. pronta nov: $ Honduras, San Pedro Sula: Wittkugel: type B.M. Fig Hayward 1948 as proteus. B.M. 6 3 2 2 Mexico. 3 $ Guatemala. 2 $ Honduras. 2.¢ Costa Rica. 3 ¢ ©? Panama. 6 ¢ 3 2 COlemeeee 36 12 Venezuela. 1 3 Fr Guiana. 1 ¢ 1 2 Upper Putu- mayo). 1 ¢ Ucayali. 1 $ Bahia. 63 19S. Brazil (Rio. Parana. Novo Friborgo. Santa Catharina). 2 $ I Q Paraguay. 4a (1e). ¢ without a costal fold. 4 (5). Cuiller of clasp produced as in viterboana, inner face serrate: no lip below the nose. Above bases green glossed, central spots F separated. Unh uniform pale brown, central spots separated: discal band compact: no white outer edging in space 1c. Tail 1o mm. C.13. URBANUS huancavillas Williams 1926: 3 Ecuador: figured, also the genitalia. B.M. 1 g Ecuador (Rio Pastaza, El Topo). 1 9 Ecuador (Angamarca). 5 (4). Cuiller not produced at all, end rounded: upper edge of right clasp somewhat protruding. Superficially as pronta, above and below. pronus nov: ¢ Ambato, Ecuador: type B.M. B.M. 1 2 Mexico. 2 ¢ Guatemala. 1 2 Costa Rica. 3 $ Colombia. 7 3 Ecuador (Ambato. Paramba. Chimbo). 6 § Peru (Charape. La Merced. Rio Colorado). 3 ¢ Bolivia (Yungas, La Paz. Santa Cruz de la Sierra). 6a (1d). Unh central band consists of well-separated spots, whereof the cell spot is no larger than the others, nor is it placed usually nearer to the inner spot in space 7. Cuiller without the nose of proteus, but usually with a process from the inner face. 6b (ga). 3 with a costal fold. 6 (7a). Upf always with hyaline markings in spaces 4 and 5, sometimes (platowi) forming a continuous band connecting the discal and apical spots: spots in space 2 and the cell overlapping: spot in space 1b longer than usual, penetrating the veinlet in mid space 1b: basal clothing brilliant green. Unh ground colour pale brown: outer spot in space 7 always smaller than the inner spot. Antennae continuously pale yellow under the club and the apiculus. Cuiller with a long, narrow, bulbous-ended process. ¢ F 20 mm.:: tail 10 mm. esmeraldus Butler 1877: ¢ Villa Nova, Amazons: type B.M. Genitalia ig G & 5 1893: Williams 1926: Hayward 1948. Fig by Hayward 1948, pl 15/9 = esta &. Synonym. platowi Plotz 1881: ? loc. Fig Seitz. B.M. 5 5 3 2 Mexico. 5 5 12 Guatemala. 3 ¢ Ruatan Is (small and dark). 5 ¢ Honduras. 5 ¢ 2 2 Costa Rica. 6339 Panama. 10g 13 2? Colombia. 3 ¢ 3 2 Venezuela. meg 14.9 Lrmidad, 1¢ Vobacoy i1) 3) 1.9 Br Guiana. Ao eousinanie avg?) 2 Pr. Guiana, 3/612: 2 iieuador (Zamora. Woja..(Paramba, Quito);-1.¢°S.E, Peru. 3 2 89 C.13. URBANUS Bolivia (Buenavista). 13 ¢ 7 2 Up Amazons (Iquitos. Teffe. Itaituba. Villa Bella). 7 ¢ 8 2 Para. 1 3 Bahia. 23 2 2 Matto Grosso. 3 ¢ 3 2 S. Brazil (Petropolis. Joinville). 1 g Paraguay. 7a (6). Upf without hyaline markings in spaces 4 and 5. 7 (8). 3 above green colouring extensive, nearly reaching termen H. Unh whitish brown, base green glossed: the discal band conspicuously whiter edged in space tc, and in 2 the edging is often continued to the end of the band as a macular post-discal band. Cuiller as in esmeraldus, but the projecting process is shorter and stouter. 3 F 22 mm.: tail ¢ 5 mm., 9 10 mm. esma nov: ¢ Obidos: M. de Mathan: type B.M. B.M. 1 $ Panama. 2 2 Colombia (Rio Negro. Choco, Rio Condote). 2 2 Br Guiana. 4 2 Iquitos. 4 g 3 9 Obidos. 1 3 Rio Tapajos. 8 (7). 3 above, blue gloss restricted, defined on H by a broad dark border. Unh rather pale purple-brown, pale edging to the discal band faint. Clasps asymmetric: left clasp rounded, as in pronus: right clasp with a bulbous- ended long process as in esmeraldus. $ F 21 mm.: tail 5-10 mm. | evona nov: ¢ Zapote, Guatemala: Champion: type B.M. B.M. 33 12 Mexico. 3 ¢ Guatemala. 1 ¢ 1 2 Costa Rica. 2 6 2 2 Colombia. 1 $ Fr Guiana. 2 3 N. Peru (W. of Andes). 1 ¢ Bolivia (Buenavista). 1 $ Goyaz. 1 2 Rio. 9a (6b). 3 without a costal fold. F no spots in spaces 4 and 5. 9 en F spots pale yellow, separated. Unh plain brown, the usual dark markings comparatively faint, looking “washed out’’: central spots small and narrow. Clasps symmetrical, cuiller with a short, triangular, upturned process. ¢ F 22 mm.: tail 10 mm. elmina nov: 3 Rio Pastaza, Ecuador: 5,000—7,000 ft.: M. G. Palmer: type B.M. B.M. 1 ¢ Costa Rica. 24 3 3 2 Colombia. 4 3 1 9 Vene- zuela. 373 4 2 Ecuador (Loja. Ambata. Zamora. Bafios). go C.13. URBANUS Baia GuNabreru. (Rk. VabaconassiCharape).)7 #2) 2'Peru (Huancabamba. Marcapata. R. Inambar1). 7 3 Bolivia (San Jacinto. La Paz. Cochabamba). 1 $ Pebas, Up Amazons. 10 (9). F hyaline spots white, more or less separated. Unh pale purple-brown, dark markings conspicuous: spots in space 7 equal. Clasps asymmetrical: left clasp rounded as in evona and pronus: right clasp with a projecting process as in elmina. § F 18 mm.: tail ¢ 8 mm., 9 10 mm. esta nov: ¢ Sao Paulo, Alto de Sierra: April 1925: R. Spitz: type B.M. Fig Hayward 1948, 3 as acawotos, 2 as esmeral- dus. B.M. 83 3 2 Mexico. 1 ¢ 2 9 Guatemala. 3 ¢ 2 2 Costa Rica. 2g 29 Panama. 63 102 Colombia. 3 ¢ 42 Vene- zuela. 5 ¢ 22 Fr Guiana. 5 3 3 2 Ecuador (Loja. Zamora. Paramba. Ambato. Rio Pastaza). 43 5 2 Peru ( Chancha- mayo). I ¢ S. Peru (Chaquimayo). 3 2 Bolivia. 1 ¢ Amazons (St Paulo d’Olivenca). 2 ¢ 2 2 Para. 1 6 1 9 Bahia. 1 6 1 2 Goyaz. 103 625. Brazil (S40 Paulo. Rio. Tiyuco). 2 ¢ Paraguay. 1 g Argentine. | Il (rc). F unusually narrow, width < 3} length of costa. F cilia plain, not chequered as in previous species. Above green glossed: F markings small and separated. Unh purple-brown, markings small. Antennae continuously yellow under club and apiculus. Cuiller square, inwardly serrate. ¢ F 21 mm.: tail 8 mm. in 3, 10 mm. 9°. acawoios Williams 1926: § Br Guiana: figured, also geni- talia. Genitalia fig Hayward 1948, but pl 15/5 is referable to esta. B.M. 1 3 Costa Rica. 1 g¢ Panama. 6 ¢ Colombia. 10 ¢ 10 9 Br Guiana. 1's Surinam. 1 2 Fr Guiana. 73 52 Up Amazons (Teffe. Iquitos. St Paulo d’Olivenca). meio ke WWladeira): 1 3.2 2 Para: :1 6) Pernambuco. ¢ Maranham. 12a (1b). Above, head, body and wing bases brown. 12 (13a). Cilia more or less chequered. F central spots separated; no apical spot in space 9. H termen strongly convex. ¢ with a costal fold. gi C.13. URBANUS dorantes. 5 sub-species. (a). ‘Tail 1o mm. F markings conspicuous. Unh dark markings prominent on a paler ground. Very variable, but individually rather than sub-specifically. g F 20 mm. Sub-sp. dorantes Stoll 1790: Surinam: figured. Fig Seitz: Holland 1931: Hayward 1948. Genitalia fig G & S: Lindsey, Bell & Williams 1931. Synonyms. torones Htibner 1821: fig Exot Schmett 1: pl 155, fig 1 & 3 (2 & 4 are of proteus): name given in index. atletes Felder 1862: 3 Brazil: type B.M. amisus Hewitson 1867: 3 Nicaragua: type B.M. Fig Hewitson 1875. protillus Herrich-Schaffer 1869: ? loc. Fig De Silva 1907. retractus Plotz 1881: Venezuela. Fig Williams 1926. velinus Plotz 1881: Bahia. Fig Seitz. keferstent Plétz 1881: Venezuela. rauterbergi Skinner 1895: ¢ Texas. Fig Williams 1926: Comstock 1927: Holland 1931. calafia Williams 1926: $ Lower California: figured. B.M. 3329 Texas. 73 12 Arizona. 100 5 34 2 Mexico. 180 $ 50 2 Guatemala. 12 $ 6 9 Honduras. 10 ¢ 8 Q Nicaragua. 1 ¢ Salvador. 20 g 1 2 Costa Rica. 1399 Q Panama. 100 ¢ 48 2 Colombia. 40 3 16 2 Venezuela. 120 6 79 Trinidad. 12 ¢ 9 2 Br Guiana. 1 ¢ Surinam. 246 3 9 Fr Guiand) 30 ¢ 47 9: Ecuador: 20 ¢ 1Gi2eeee 25 6 16 Bolivia. 3 ¢ 3 2 Up Amazons. 18 ¢ 3 Q Para. 46 Maranham. 5 ¢ Ceara. 4g 29 Pernambuco. 5g 192 Bahia. 3 ¢ 3 2 Goyaz. 3 5 2 9 Minas Geraes pee Matto Grosso. 40 ¢ 269 5S. Brazil. 14 3 6 Q Paraguay. 30 ¢ 19 2 Argentine. (b). Similar to dorantes, but markings F smaller. Sub-sp. cramptoni Comstock 1944: 3 Porto Rico: figured. B.M. 1412 Porto Rico. 446 St Thomas. 25 ¢ 17 2 Haiti. (c). ‘Tail long, as in dorantes. Above markings more reduced. Unh much darker in 3: 2 as 3, grading to a form with a conspicuous broad pale border contrasting with the very dark purple-brown ground colour. ¢ F 21 mm. Q2 C.13. URBANUS Sub-sp. santiago Lucas 1857: Cuba. Fig Holland 1916 from the Is des Pins: Seitz. Synonyms. cariosa Butler 1862: Cuba: type B.M. corydon Butler 1870: 2 Cuba: type B.M. Fig Butler 189go. larius Plétz 1881: Cuba. B.M. 50 g 40 9 Cuba. (d). Tail short, 6 mm. ¢ upf typically unmarked, but markings often more or less developed in both sexes. Unh dark brown with dark markings. g’F 20 mm. Sub-sp. obscurus Hewitson 1867: 3 Guadeloupe: type B.M. Synonyms. brevicaudata Lathy 1904: ¢ Dominica: type B.M. parvus Skinner 1920: § Martinique. Fig Williams 1926. B.M. 4¢ Antigua. 109 72 St Lucia. 1 $ 1 9 Montserrat. Ig 1 Q St Eustatius. 3 ¢ Guadeloupe. 6 ¢ Martinique. 42 $ 12 Dominica. 2 § Beguin Is. 17 5 9 9 St Vincent. 10 ¢ 4 2 Barbados. 9 3 St Kitts. 10 3 2 9 Grenada. 6 2 Grenadines. 3 ¢ 1 Q “‘ Venezuela, Caracos’’. (e). Tail very short, 4-6 mm. F markings fully de- veloped. Unh purple grey, dark markings strongly contrasting. ¢ F 18 mm. Sub-sp. galapagensis F. X. Williams 1911: ¢ Galapagos Is. Fig R. C. Williams 1926. B.M. 13 3 24 9 Galapagos Is. I3a (12). Cilia unchequered. F usually a spot in space g. 13b (20a). F spot in space 3, if present, forms part of the narrow central hyaline band. 13c (19). H cilia brown or sullied. ¢ F 21-23 mm. 13d (17a). 3 without a costal fold. Upf with a continuous central band and some apical spots. 13e (16). Unf plain brown between band and termen. 13f (15). Unh the cell spot placed between the two spots in space 7 and widely separated from them. Clasp with the valva projecting beyond the cuiller. 13 (14). Upf normally with 4 apical spots, rarely a spot in space 5. Upper edge of valva evenly curved from the cuiller and projecting to twice the width of the cuiller. teleus Hiibner 1821: ? loc: fig on plate 154 (Exot Schmett 1) as dorantes, named as teleus in index. 93 C.13. URBANUS Synonyms. eurycles Latreille 1824: 2 Brazil (type in Paris Museum has 4 apical spots). Fig Seitz pl 160e, upper- side = procne 2, underside = teleus. Fig Holland 1931 = tanna. Correctly fig Hayward 1948, ¢ and genitalia: genitalia by Skinner & Williams 1922 and Lindsey, Bell and Williams 1931. Fig De Silva 1907 = procne 3. zalanthus Plétz 1881: Allagra. latipennis Mabille & Vuillot 1891: 2 Fr Guiana: figured. B.M. 13 “U.S.A.”. 345 15 9 Mexico. 4 5 2 2 Guatemala. 4342 Honduras. 3 ¢ 12 Nicaragua. 8 ¢ 4 2 Costa Rica. 11 6 19 Panama. 67 3 28 2 Colombia. 19 3 17 2 Vene- zuela. 7g 12 Trinidad. 2 $ 1 2 Tobago. 1 3 Jamaica. 6389 Br Guiana. 83 22 Surinam. 8 $ 12 2 Fr Guiana. 31 3.9 2 Ecuador 37 '6-4 @ Peru. 2616/3 2a 28 $ 3 9 Up Amazons. 22 3 8 2 Para. 3.5 Bahia. 2g 19 Pernambuco. 3 ¢ Maranham. 5 ¢ 5 2 Minas Geraes. 7 $ Matto Grosso. 48 3 33 2.5. Brazil. 17 3 8 2 Paraguay. 15 6 1 2 Argentine. 14 (13). Upf usually with 5 apical spots, an extra spot in space 5. Valva angled shortly after its junction with the cuiller and extension only 13 times width of cuiller. Otherwise as feleus. tanna nov: ¢ Santa Rita, Colombia, Cauca River: Paine & Brinkley: type B.M. Fig Holland as eurycles. B.M.13¢19.“U.S.A.”. 63 2 9:Mexico. 2:43 Cee mala. 3 ¢ 29 Honduras. 1 9 Salvador. 3 ¢ 2 9 Nicaragua. 43 5 2 Costa Rica. 119 62 Panama. 37 3 30 2 Colombia. 13 ¢ 21 2 Venezuela. 20 ¢ 23 2 Trinidad. 1 2 Jamaica. 23649 Br Guiana. 1g Surinam. 292 Fr Guiana. 15 ¢ 89 Ecuador (Paramba. Chimbo. Loja. Cachabe, flying with teleus). [5 (13f). Unh the cell spot is conjoined (or nearly so) to the outer spot in space 7. Valva of clasp not projecting beyond the cuiller. Upf typically with the central band very slender and the dot in space rb detached: no apical spot in space 5 and the spot in space g is minute. Very variable and the markings upf may be as strongly marked as in tanna or almost obsolete as in stmplicius. 94 C.13. URBANUS cindra nov: 3 E. Bolivia, Buenavista: 750 metres: Aug 1906 to April 1907: Steinbach: type B.M. B.M. 43 3 2 Colombia (Muzo). 1 9 Venezuela. 23 1 9 Br Guiana. 1 2 N. Peru (R. Tabaconas). 16 3 1 9 Bolivia (La Paz. Chiquitos. Santa Cruz. Buenavista. Coroico). I ¢ Santarem. 1 ¢ 1 2 Bahia. 2 ¢ 1 2 Minas Geraes. I ¢ 1 @ Itaparica. 1 ¢ “Brazil”. 16 (13c). Unf broadly and conspicuously paler brown between the central band and the termen. Upf central white band not extending below vein 2: usually apical spots only in spaces 7, 8 and 9; if a spot is present in space 6, it is out/ot lmevimearer:to the termen.’ Unh chestnut, dark markings broad: spot in cell adjoining or conjoined to the outer spot in space 7. zagorus Plotz 1881: Allagra: type Berlin Mus and MS figure of it in B.M. Synonym. purpurata Hayward 1933: ¢ Argentine: figured. Fig Hayward 1948, 3 and genitalia. B.M. 43 325. Brazil (Parana. Rio Grande do Sul). 17a (13d). 3 with a costal fold. Upf markings sullied, reduced. 17 (18). Unh the central cell spot conjoined to the outer spot in space 7. Unf a dark smudge about the apical spots. Spine of cuiller single, as usual. 3g varies from an un- marked form with rounded wings (szmplicius and gracill- cauda) to a form with pointed wings and better marked on upf (pilatus). Upf spot in space 3, if present, slightly out of line. simplicius Stoll 1790: ? loc: figured. Fig Holland 1931: Seitz upperside (underside = procne): Hayward 1948 = procne. Genitalia fig G & S: Lindsey, Bell & Williams 1931. Ee eign. gracillcauda Plotz 1881: C. America. Fig Seitz. pilatus Pl6tz 1881: Bahia: type Berlin Mus and MS figure » of it in B.M. theme: and borja Ehrman 1907: $ Honduras and 3 Bolivia: fide Holland 1927 = semplicius. 95 C.13. URBANUS B.M. 25 ¢ 12 2 Mexico. 6 3 Guatemala. 16 3 3 2 Hon- duras. 3 ¢ Nicaragua. 1 $ Salvador. 4 3 3 2 Costa Rica. 123 72 Panama. 25 ¢ 12 2 Colombia. 35 3 20 2 Vene- zuela. 106 82 Trinidad. 2 $ 2 9 Tobago. 25 ¢ 9 2 Br Guiana. 23 32 Surinam. 5 6 42 Fr Guiana. 203 149 Ecuador. 14 5 42 Peru. 103 5 2 Bolivia. 8 g 3 2 Up Amazons. 16 $ 13 2 Para. 11 § 3 2 N. & Mid Brazil, Bahia to Matto Grosso. 20 g 8 2 S. Brazil. 16 3 7 9 Paraguay. 1 ¢ Argentine. 18 (17). Unh the central cell spot lies between the two spots in space 7 and is widely separated from them. Spine of cuiller double. $ upf markings generally obscure; in 9 the central band may be as in ¢e/eus, but the spot in space tb, if present, is shifted out of line: the spot in space 3, if present, is not shifted out of line as in szmplicius. procne Plétz 1881: Brazil. B.M. have ag from Theresopolis compared with Plétz’s original MS figure. Fig Seitz 3 as simplicius underside and @ as eurycles upperside: Hayward 1948 as sumplicius. B.M. 2 6 2 2 Texas. 1 ¢ Arizona. 35 #7 2iiemee 73 1 Guatemala. 10 3 2 2 Honduras. 15 3¢ 5 2 Nicara- gua. 12 6 3.9 Costa Rica. 2 ¢'1 9 Panama, aig Colombia. 7 3 42 Venezuela. 1 ¢ Trinidad. 3 3 42 Br Guiana. 3 6 5 2 Surinam. 4 ¢ 2 9 Fr Guiana. 7g 1 Q Ecuador. 19 ¢ 3 2 Peru. 8 g 2 9 Para. 1 $ Manicore. I ¢ 1 Pernambuco. 1 ¢ 1 9 Bahia. 4 $ Minas Geraes. 5 ¢ Matto Grosso. 173 19 2S. Brazil. 4 3 3 2 Paraguay. 3 6 Argentine. 19 (13c). H cilia conspicuously white: unh termen before cilia as broadly white as the cilia and corresponding area uph is conspicuously chequered, but not the cilia. Upf with a continuous discal band, inwardly irregular: 3 apical dots and one in space 9. 3 F 18 mm.: no costal fold. Tail long. evenus Ménétries 1855: Brazil: figured. Fig Seitz: Mabille & Vuillot 1891: Hayward 1948: genitalia by Hayward 1948. B.M. 3 36 1 2 Goyaz. 3 ¢ 3 2 Minas Geraes. 8339S. Brazil. 1 ¢ Argentine. 96 C.13. URBANUS 20a (13b). F spot in space 3 not forming part of central band, detached or absent. $ with costal fold: F 23 mm. 20b (22). Unh termen before cilia not white. Tail 4 mm. 20 (21). F central spots small, spot in space 3 separated. athesis Hewitson 1867: 3 Venezuela: type B.M. Fig Hewitson 1875. Synonyms. cenis Herrich-Schaffer 1869: ? loc. Fig Butler 1874: Seitz. motilones Williams 1926: 3g Venezuela: figured and genitalia. B.M. 1339 Panama. 1 g Colombia. 7 3 42 Venezuela. 1 2 Tobago. 21 (20). F central spots large, spot in space 3 conjoined to the spot in space 2: spots in 1b, 2 and cell conjoined. miltas Godman & Salvin 1893: g Orizaba, Mexico: type B.M. Fig Seitz. B.M. 1 3 Mexico (type). 1 $ Jalapa, Mexico, in coll Schaus. 22 (2z0b). Unh termen narrowly white before termen. F central spots in a continuous band. carmelita. 3 sub-species. (a). F with 5 apical spots in line: central band compact. Unh cilia white in continuation of the narrow. white band along the termen. Tail 7 mm. ? Sub-sp. trebia Moschler 1878: 9 Venezuela. Fig Seitz. Synonym. mgricauda Godman & Salvin 1893: ¢ Chiriqui: type B.M. Genitalia fig Williams & Bell 1933. B.M. 1 2 Nicaragua. 235 19 Panama. 2 ¢ 2 2 Colombia. 1 2 Trinidad. (b). F with only 4 apical spots and the spot in space 6 out of line. Unh cilia sullied and separated by a narrow | dark line from the white band along the termen, which band is narrow and nearly macular. F central band irregular. Tail 7 mm. Sub-sp. carmelita Herrich-Schaffer 1869: ? loc. Fig Seitz, but the unh is not greenish as shown. Synonym. clevas Mabille 1888: 2 Brazil: figured. B.M. 93 149 Para. 1 g 1 9 Pernambuco. ey C.13. URBANUS (c). F no apical spots and no spot in space 3: band regular, as in tvebia. Unh the white band along the termen is very narrow and only present along the apical half of the termen, and is there continuous with the cilia as in trelia. ‘Tail very short, 4 mm. Cuiller narrow. Sub-sp. barra nov: ¢ Bahia: type B.M. - B.M. Only the type. May prove to be a species. 23a (1a). H tail white. g with costal fold. 23b (27a). Above, head, thorax and wing bases brown. ¢ F 22-23 mm. 23c (26). Uph inner edge of the white tornal area in- wardly deeply indented V-wise on either side of vein 1b: tail entirely white. Cuiller of clasp with the serrate portion < half the width of the top of the cuiller. 23 (24. 25). Upf unmarked except for 2 small apical spots. Uph tornal white area ends at vein 3, the white cilia extending to vein 6, 14 mm. wide in ¢ to I mm. in 9: tail short, 3 mm. chales Godman & Salvin 1893: 3 Mexico: figured: type B.M. Fig Seitz: genitalia fig by Williams 1926. B.M. 43 2 9 Mexico, Guerrero. 24 (23. 25). Upf central band broken up: a small upper cell spot, a streak across space 2, ending well beyond the origin of vein 3, a narrow detached dash in space 3 and a widely detached dot in space 1b. Uph the white tornal area broad, 4 mm., ending at vein 4 and the white cilia continuing to vein 5. Unf dorsum whitish. Tail broad and short, 35 mm. reductus Riley 1919: ¢ Rio Purus, Brazil: type B.M. B.M. 34 Fr Guiana. 1 3 R. Purus. 1 ¢ Ega, Amazons. 1 ¢ Maranham. 25 (23. 24). Upf central band continuous, as usual, but liable to be interrupted or absent in individuals. doryssus. 2 sub-species. (a). Uph white tornal area generally broad, 4 mm., ending at vein 4 and cilia white to vein 5. ‘Tail broad, 4mm. long. 98 C.13. URBANUS Sub-sp. doryssus Swainson 1831: 2 Bahia: figured. Figured Seitz: Westwood 1837 and Drury 1782 as orion. Genitalia fig by Williams 1926. Synonyms. brachius Hiibner 1832: Brazil: figured. Fig. Seitz. leucites Mabille 1888: 2 Colombia: figured. cleopatra Ehrman 1907: 3 Venezuela. Ide Holland 1927. inter ruptus Williams 1926: 3S Honduras. B.M. 3 5 Mexico. 4 3 4 2 Guatemala. 3 $ Honduras. 23642 Nicaragua. 2 5 Costa Rica. 6 $ 3 9 Panama. 8 $ 10 2 Colombia. 6 ¢ 3 2 Venezuela. 7 3 2 2 Trinidad. 8 $92 Br Guiana. 12 5 69 Fr Guiana. 436 4 92 Surinam. 1 § Ecuador (Quito). 1g 22 Peru (Rio Colorado). 5329 Bolivia. 12 ¢ 72 Up Amazons. 12 g¢ 6 2 Mid Amazons. 19g 1292 Para. 1 § Maranham. 1 ¢ Pernambuco. 1431 9 Goyaz. 1 2 Matto Grosso. (b). Uph tornal white area narrow, 2 mm., cilia white to vein 6. Tail longer, 5 mm., and narrower. F central band narrower, tending to be obsolete. Sub-sp. albicuspis Herrich-Schaffer 1869: ? loc. Fig Seitz (agrees with a specimen from Parana): Hayward 1948 as dorysses. Synonyms. mivosus Plotz 1881: Blumenau. loxo Mabille 1904: 2 Santa Catharina: type B.M. tenuis Williams 1926: 3 Rio de Janeiro. B.M. 43 Bahia (ex coll Fruhstorfer, probably from Rio). 3.9 Minas Geraes: 24 6 21 2 8S. Brazil (Rio. Sao Paulo. Parana. Espirito Santo. Santa Catharina. Novo Friborgo). 4365 Paraguay. 46 2 9 Argentine. 26 (23c). Uph inner edge of the white tornal area not indented at vein 1b in ¢: tail more or less darkened along vein 1b, at least on unh. Serrate part of cuiller at least half as long at the top of the cuiller. albimargo. 3 sub-species. (a). Unh more than half the tail is brown. Tail narrow, tapered, 6 mm. long. Uph cilia only white, extending up to vein 5. Cuiller broad, not crested. Sub-sp. albimargo Mabille 1875: 3 Colombia: type B.M. Fig Mabille & Vuillot 1891: Seitz: genitalia, Williams 1926. A.H.—8 99 C.13. URBANUS Synonyms. dominicus Plétz 1886: ? loc. Fide Seitz. triptolemus Ehrman 1907: 2 Costa Rica. Fide Holland 1927. B.M. 23 Guatemala. 1 g 2 2 Honduras. 2 3 Costa Rica. 2 $6 Panama. 6 g 2 2 Colombia. 4 g 2 2 Venezuela. 11 ¢ 10 2 Ecuador, Paramba. (b). Unh 4 to $ of tail brown. Tail broader, 5 mm. long. Uph termen narrowly white as far as vein 4 and often a white spot also in space 5. Wings broader and upf markings wider. Cuiller crested. Sub-sp. takuta nov: ¢ Takutu River, British Guiana: H. Whitely: type B.M. B.M. 205 162 Br Guiana. 1 § 22 Surinam. 19 42 Fr Guiana. 1 § Jamaica. 4 ¢ 1 2 Ecuador (R. Napo. R. Pastaza. Archidona. Gualaquiza). 3 ¢ Peru (Loreto. Ucayali). 3 g Bolivia (Chulumani). 6 ¢ 1 2 Up Amazons (St Paulo d’Olivenca. Iquitos. Ega. Obidos). (c). Resembles albimargo. Uph white cilia extending to vein 6, before which the termen is angled. Tail 6 mm., darkened as in albimargo in 3, 2 more like takuta. Cuiller narrower than in albimargo. Sub-sp. rica nov: ¢ Paraguay, Sapucay, Villa Rica: Nov 1902: Foster: type B.M. Fig Hayward 1948 as albimargo. B.M. 2 $ Amazons (Obidos. Santarem). 1 ¢ Minas Geraes. 14 6 62S. Brazil (Petropolis. Espirito Santo. Sao Paulo. Parana. Rio. Rio Grande). 8 ¢ 2 2 Paraguay. 27a (23b). Above head, thorax and wing bases green. 27 (28). Uph tail short, 5 mm., and white area along termen narrow. ¢ F 21 mm. virescens Mabille 1877: $ Fr Guiana: type B.M. Fig Mabille & Vuillot 1891: genitalia by Williams 1926: Hayward 1948, 3 and genitalia. Synonyms. herophilus Plotz 1881: Rio. Fig Seitz. chlorothrix Rober 1925: 3 Peru. B.M. 1d Panama. 1 g 1 9 Colombia. 1 3 Venezuela. 26 12 Br Guiana. 7 5 4 2 Fr Guiana. 4 ¢ Ecuador (Zamora. Archidona). 13 3 2 2 Peru (La Merced. Chan- chamayo. Perene. Ucayali. Rio Colorado). 3 ¢ 2 Q Bolivia (Santa Cruz). 2 ¢ 2 9 Amazons (Para. Itaituba. Iquitos. Anna R.). 23 42 Bahia. 1 3 Minas Geraes. 100 C.14. ASTRAPTES 1 ¢ Matto Grosso. 29 ¢ 82S. Brazil (Parana. Sao Paulo. Rio. Espirito Santo. Rio Grande). 2 3 1 9 Paraguay. 28 (27). Uph tail long, 10 mm. and white area along termen broad, 4mm. ¢ F 24 mm. chalco Hiibner 1823: Brazil: figured. Fig Seitz: Stau- dinger 1888: genitalia by Williams 1926 and Godman & Salvin: Hayward 1948, $ and genitalia. Synonym. agesilaus Swainson 1831: g Bahia. B.M. 1 2 Costa Rica. 173 102 Panama. 3 ¢ 4 9 Colombia. 23549 Venezuela. 2 5 Peru (La Merced. Chanchamayo). 3 d Bolivia (La Paz. Buenavista). 2 ¢ Santarem. 7 3 69 Para, 3.61,2 Bahia.’ 262 2 Minas Geraes;:16,¢ 82 S. Brazil (Parana). 1 $ Paraguay. C.14. ASTRAPTES Hiibner 1819: type narcosius Stoll: selected by Scudder 1875 as aulestes Cramer, which is a homonym by Cramer 1777 and is replaced by narcosius. Synonyms. Telegonus Hiibner 1819: type talus Cramer: fixed by Butler 1870. Creteus Westwood 1852: type creteus Stoll: by tautonomy. Euthymele Mabille 1878: type fulgerator Walch: fixed by Lindsey 1925 as mercatus Fabricius, a synonym of fulgerator. Similar to Urbanus in respect of venation, antennae, palpi, legs and form of genitalia: differing in the absence of a tail and the broader hindwing. la (13a). F with hyaline apical spots. ¢ with costal fold. — tb (12). F with a central hyaline band. 1c (ga). H termen even and F apex rounded. I (2a). Above, head, thorax, base F and most of H green. Below palpi and wing bases green. F spots pale yellow. 3 F 26 mm. talus Cramer 1777: Surinam: figured. Fig Seitz. Genitalia fig by G & S and Williams 1927. Synonyms. ausonius Latreille 1824: Brazil. lucidator Sepp 1848: 2 Surinam: figured. sumadue Lucas 1857: Cuba. virens R6éber 1925: 3 Santa Catharina. IOI C.14. ASTRAPTES B.M. 2% 292 Mexico. 2 3 2 2 Guatemala. 1 $ Honduras. 1 9 Nicaragua. 4 3 5 2 Costa Rica. 1 9 Panama. 3 3 3 9 Colombia. 1g 22 Venezuela. 2 $ Trinidad. 15 g 102 Br Guiana. 1g 12 Fr Guiana. 9g 12 Peru. 24 1 2 Bolivia. 11g 11 9 Up Amazons. 12 5 102 Para. 1 g 1 9 Pernam- buco. 15 6 11 2S. Brazil. 1g 19 Porto Rico. 13 12 St Vincent. 7 3 9 2 Haiti. 12 g g 2 Cuba. 2a (1). Above, head, thorax and wing bases blue. F spots white. 2b (8). Below, palpi and pectus pale yellow or whitish. 2 (3a). Unh base costa white. Unf base costa and cell blue glossed. fulgerator. 2 sub-species. (a). Above, bases blue or violet blue. Very variable. H termen straight or convex. Uph and below, dark to pale brown. F central band usually compact, spot in space 3 present or absent: usually 4 apical spots, but may be 3 or 5: cilia in space 1b brown or white. Unf with or without white suffusion in space 1b about the hyaline discal spot. Unh the white basal streak may be short and broad or long and narrow: the black streak at extreme base of costa may be conspicuous or absent. 3 F 27 mm. ty Sub-sp. azul Reakirt 1866: Mexico. Fig Seitz as fulgerator. Synonyms. musitra Plétz 1881: Mexico. albifasciatus Rober 1925: 3 Rio Songo, Bolivia. B.M. 163 309 Mexico. 18 3 13 2 Guatemala. 1639 2 Honduras. 11 3 6 @ Nicaragua. 10 3 11 2 Costa Rica. 12¢ 149 Panama. 36 3 35 2 Colombia. 14 3 10 2 Vene- zuela. 29 5 30 2 Ecuador. 83 49 Peru. 13 3 18 2 Bolivia. (b). Above, bases greenish blue. Very constant. H ter- men convex. Uph and below, dark brown. F central band dislocated at vein 3 and spot in space 2 not conjoined to the cell spot: usually 3 apical spots in 3, 4 in @: cilia in space 1b white. Unf white suffusion in space 1b broad. Unh white basal streak short and broad, and the black streak at extreme base present. $ F 26 mm. Sub-sp. fulgerator Walch 1775: ? loc: figured. Fig in Seitz = azul and fig of enotrus upperside = fulgerator. Fig 102 C.14. ASTRAPTES Cramer pl 284 $: Hayward 1948 3 2 and genitalia. Genitalia fig by G & S. Synonyms. mercatus Fabricius 1793: ? loc. fulminator Sepp 1848: 2 Surinam: figured. BES 657 Prindad) 15) 4 122 BreGuiana. 7976.2 Surinam. 20 9 249 Fr Guiana. 6 3 8 2 Peru (Amazonas). moe 'o) 562° Amazons. 3°¢ 12) 9 N» Brazil. 43 ¢ 35 9S. Brazil. 13 6 12 2 Paraguay. 2 $ Argentine. 3a (2). Unf no white streak at base of costa. 3b (5a). Below, basal area not paler. Upf spot in space 3 against the spot in space 2. H termen not excavate above the end of vein rb. Clasp like fulgerator. 3 (4). Unh with a small yellowish cell spot and the outer third of the wing conspicuously paler brown, sparsely overlaid with olive scales, no trace of dark bands. F as fulgerator, but the apical spots are irregular and unf with conspicuous white suffusion in space 1b, also with narrow blue suffusion mid cell. ¢ F 25 mm. fulgor Hayward 1938: ¢ Argentine. Fig Hayward 1948. The fig in Seitz of enotrus underside probably = fulgor. B.M. 1 3 no loc (lacks spot in space 3 upf). 4 (3). Unh uniform dark brown with conspicuous yellowish cell spot and a discal row, often preceded by paler and more sharply marked inner discal spots in spaces 3, 4 and 6:°¢ F 26 mm. naxos Hewitson 1867: 3 Brazil: type B.M. Fig Hewitson 1873: fig in Seitz = tucuti: genitalia fig Williams and Bell ng33" Synonym. subfasciatus Rober 1925: 3 Sao Paulo. B.M. 3837925. Brazil (Rio. Parana. Sao Paulo. Petro- polis). 5a (3b). Below, basal area paler. 5b (7). F spot in space 3 is a narrow streak widely separated from the spot in space 2. H produced and termen concave before the end of vein rb. 5 (6). H no tail in 3, 2 mm. in 9. Unh with a yellow spot in cell and a narrow, broken discal line. ¢ unf without, 103 C.14. ASTRAPTES 2 with, white suffusion in space 1b. ¢ F 27 mm. Genitalia as fulgerator. tucuti Williams 1927: g Panama: figured ¢ and genitalia. B.M. 1 3 Guatemala. 1 g Nicaragua. 1 g Costa Rica. 1 g¢ Colombia. 3 2 Peru (Chanchamayo. Ucayali). 1 3 Bolivia. 1 ¢ Brazil. 6 (5). Hd tail 3 mm., 2 5 mm. Unh faint indications of a central and a discal dark band. Unf no white suffusion in space 1b. ¢ F 25 mm. taithybius Mabille 1888: 2 Brazil: type B.M.: figured. Synonym. eniopeus Godman & Salvin 1893: ¢ Nicara- gua: type B.M.: figured. B.M. 1 $ Honduras. 1 2 Guatemala. 1 ¢ Nicaragua. 7 (5b). 2 F spot in space 3 contiguous to the spot in space 2. H termen rounded. Unf no white suffusion in space 1b. Below, basal scaling ochreous: unf base of costa blue glossed: unh vestigial dark bands and a dark spot in space 7 on the pale basal area. 9 F 24 mm. palliolum Druce 1908: 2 Costa Rica: figured. B.M. Only the type. 8 (2b). Below, palpi and pectus brown. H termen excavate before tornus. Unh with dark bands and spots as in Urbanus proteus and its allies, to which species it seems to be closer than to any Astraptes species. ¢ F 22 mm. egregius. 2 sub-species. (a). Upf spots small and tend to obsolescence (3 ¢ B.M. are spotless). Unh termen narrowly yellowish white, suffused, and cilia sullied: dark bands broad and con- tinuous. Sub-sp. egregius Butler 1870: 3 ? loc: type B.M. Fig Butler 1874: Seitz: genitalia by Williams 1927. Synonym. brevicauda Plétz 1886: Chiriqui. Fig Seitz. B.M. 9312 Mexico. 3 5 1 2 Guatemala. 1 9 Honduras. 6 $ Nicaragua. 2 2 Costa Rica. 73 29 Panama. 7¢ 22 Colombia. 1 3 Venezuela. 1 ¢ Amazons. (b). Upf spots conspicuous. Unh uniform ochreous brown, dark markings conspicuous. Cilia uph white. 104 C.14. ASTRAPTES Sub-sp. coxeyi Williams 1931: ¢ Ecuador: figured 3 and genitalia. B.M. 8 3 6 2 Paramba, Ecuador. Ya (1c). H termen crenulate, excavate in space 7: F falcate. H with a very short tail. Palpi below, grey. g (10a). Unf no white suffusion in space 1b. 3 F with 3 faint apical spots, one of which (space 7) is hyaline: 3 without, ? with, a discal spot in space 1b. Unh varie- gated black, white and ochreous. Cilia F and H con- spicuously chequered. ¢ F 21 mm. erycina Pl6otz 1881: ¢ Brazil. Fig Hayward 1948, 3 and genitalia: Seitz fig = anthius. B.M. 1 @ Parana. 1 $ Argentine. 10a (9). Unf with conspicuous white suffusion in space rb: single hyaline spot in space 8. Unh variegated black and grey. Cilia H inconspicuously chequered: on F white only in space rb. 10 (11). F spot in cell square, in space 2 rhomboidal. Above gloss greenish blue. End of cuiller very narrow. Small, ¢ F 19 mm. halesius Hewitson 1877: g French Guiana. B.M. Only the type. Il (10). F spots in cell and space 2 elongate and oblique. Above, gloss brilliant blue. End of cuiller very broad. 3g F 26mm. anthius Mabille 1891: § Hunyabamba. Fig Seitz as erycina. B.M. 1 g Ecuador (Zamora). 2 3 Peru (Perene. Oxa- pampa). 1 d Bolivia (Cochabamba). 12 (1b). F no central hyaline band (present in 1 9 B.M.). Above brown, tornus and cilia H yellow (rarely whitish). Below with dark bands. Superficially resembles anaphus and Typhedanus ampyx, except for the 3 hyaline apical spots F (in spaces 7, 8 and g) and the dark discal band unf, which is directed to the dark cell spot: in anaphus it is parallel to the dark central band and in ampyx it is directed to the dark apical spots. ¢ F 23 mm. 105 C.14. ASTRAPTES phalaecus Godman & Salvin 1893: ¢ Mexico: type B.M.: figured and genitalia. Genitalia fig by Williams 1927. B.M. 3 6 2 2 Mexico. 5 3 1 2 Guatemala. 1 ¢ 2 Q Honduras. 4 $ Costa Rica. 2 $ Colombia. 13a (1a). F without apical spots. 13b (22a). F with a central band of irregularly placed hyaline spots. 13c (17a). Unf with conspicuous white suffusion in space rb. 13 (14a). Below palpi and wing bases more or less green. $ without a costal fold. F central band wide and more compact than usual, spot in space 1b large and more or less completely overlapped by the spot in space 2. 3 F 30 mm. Clasp of the fulgerator type. apastus. 2 sub-species. (a). Below, outwardly not paler. Sub-sp. apastus Cramer 1777: Surinam: figured. Fig in Seitz probably = granadensis. Genitalia fig by G & S. Synonym. briccwus Plétz 1881: 5S. America. Fig Seitz. B.M. 1 3 Nicaragua. 2 $ Costa Rica. 4 ¢ 2 2 Panama. 233 2 Colombia. 3 ¢ 12 Trinidad. 2 3 1 29 Br Guiana. Ig 19 Surinam. 7362 Fr Guiana. g ¢ 11 2 Up Ama- zons. 369 Para. 1 9 Maranham. (b). Below, margins broadly grey. Sub-sp. pusa nov: ¢ Bahia: type B.M. (ex coll Felder). Fig Hayward 1948, 3 as parist (not the genitalia fig). B.M. 264 Bahia. 1g 1 9 Minas Geraes. 65925. Brazil. 14a (13). Below palpi grey or pale brown; wing bases not green, ¢ with costal fold. F spot in space rb only partially overlapped by the spot in space 2. 14 (15a). F apex truncate and termen concave below vein 4. Cilia plain brown. Unh with a conspicuous rounded, dark-centred, yellow spot mid space 1c: other markings small and inconspicuous. 3 F 23 mm. fulviluna Mabille 1888: Brazil: figured. Fig G & S: Hay- ward 1948 as enotrus: genitalia by Williams 1927 as aulus. B.M. 3319 Panama. 1 g Peru (Tarapote). 2¢ 12 Up Amazons. 10 6 5 2.8. Brazil (Parana). 3 ¢ 7 2 Paraguay. 1 2 Argentine. 106 C.14. ASTRAPTES I5a (14). F apex more rounded and termen not concave. Cilia H chequered: F white only in space 1b. Unh markings of the same type, but the spot mid space 1b is inconspicuous. 15 (16). Above, bases shining greenish blue. Unf apex and all unh dark ochreous brown with sparse yellow scaling. Unh cell spot and some of the discal markings white, no submarginal grey scaling. ¢ F 25 mm. enotrus Stoll 1781: ? loc: figured. Figs in Seitz = ful- gerator and fulgor. Fig by Hayward 1948 = fulviluna. Genitalia fig by G & S and Williams 1927. Synonym. aulus Plétz 1881: Brazil. Fig by Seitz is not recognisable. Godman 1907 determined Plétz’s MS fig of 3 as enotrus. Genitalia fig by Williams 1927 = fulviluna. B.M. 1.3 Mexico. 1 ¢ 1 2 Guatemala. 1 ¢ Honduras. 1 2 Nicaragua. 1 g¢ Panama. 1 ¢ 69 Colombia. 1 g 1 9 Venezuela. 3.6.12 Trinidad) 16 1° Br Guana. 373° 4 9 Fr Guiana. 1 ¢ Bolivia. 3 g 1 9 Amazons. 6 ¢ 5 @ Para. 10g 10925. Brazil. 3 6 2 2 Paraguay. 16 (15). Above, bases duller, green. Wings broader; larger, 3d F 27 mm. Unf apex and all unh dark brown, no ochreous tinge, but with a sparse sprinkling of yellow scales. Unf with an obscure grey apical band and usually two grey spots at the extreme apex. Unh the dorsum and outer margin conspicuously grey scaled: the cell spot (often absent) and inner markings are yellow. granadensis Moschler 1878: 2 Venezuela. Fig in Seitz as apastus, but spot in’space 3 absent. Synonyms. aulestes Stoll 1780: Surinam: figured (very well): homonym by Cramer 1777. Fig in Seitz and geni- talia figs by G & S and Williams 1927 are all of narcosius. janeira Schaus 1902: Rio. aulicus Rober 1925: 3 Santa Catharina. B.M. 1 2 Mexico. 2 ¢ 4 9 Guatemala. 1 g 1 9 Panama. mee) Colombia. (2:5: Venezuelay 1 3) Prinidadiat. 3 Surinam. 3 ¢ 3 2 Fr Guiana. 2 ¢ Ecuador. 3 5 1 9 Peru (Tarapote. Ucayali. Chanchamayo). 1 3 Bolivia (Reyes). tenge5 2 Up Amazons: 4°64 9: Para. 1 $2.2 Bahia. 1$ Maranham. 43495. Brazil. 1 3 3 9 Paraguay. 107 C.14. ASTRAPTES 17a (13c). Unf white suffusion in space rb absent or incon- spicuous. Above wing bases dull green. Unh dark brown or indigo with faint grey or ochreous markings. Uph cilia inconspicuously white chequered: upf only white in space 1b. ‘The superficial clues to identity of the following 5 species are to be regarded as applying to average speci- mens: the individual variation is considerable and a genitalia examination is generally necessary. 17b (20a). F spot in space 1b mid termen and spot in space 2: spot in space 3 more or less detached and not completely overlapped by the spot in space 2 17 (18a). F lower edge of the spot in space 2 elongate towards termen, causing it to be longer than the upper edge. ¢ inner edge of cuiller serrate. 2 ostium bursa with a central vertical slit. ¢ F 33 mm. Marcosius. 2 sub-species. (a). F markings much reduced, spot in space 2 deeply excavate, leaving its back as a narrow slit.. Cuiller short and quadrate, inner edge deeply indented, leaving a short broad projecting process. Sub-sp. aulina nov: ¢ Fr Guiana: type B.M. B.M. 1322 Fr Guiana. 1 $ Surinam, Aroewarwa Creek, Maroewym Valley. (b). F markings normal. Cuiller long, inner edge sinuous. Sub-sp. narcosius Stoll 1790: Surinam: figured. Fig Seitz as aulestes. Genitalia fig as aulestes by G & S and Williams 1927. B.M. 1 ¢ Surinam. 1 ¢ 1 2 Peru (Tarapote. Moya- bamba). 1 ¢ Bolivia (Reyes). 5 ¢ Up Amazons (Iquitos. Up Putumayo. St Paulo d’Olivenca). 2 3 Para. 18a (17). F spot in space 2 rhomboid, edges equal. 18 (19). F cell spot and spot in space 2 usually apart: spot in space rb circular or rectangular and without added suffusion unf. Cuiller long and slender, inwardly pointed: valva expanded to a curious double circular process on the inside. 2 ostium bursa with a wide horizontal mouth. 3 F 34 mm. samson nov: ¢ Colombia: type B.M. Genitalia fig by Williams 1927 as colossus. 108 C.14. ASTRAPTES B.M. 3 3 3 2 Honduras. 2 $ Nicaragua. 1 g Costa Rica. 1 ¢ Panama. 5 ¢ 2 9 Colombia. 2 ¢ Venezuela. 1 3 1 2 Br Guiana. 5 ¢ 2 ¢ Fr Guiana. 1 3 Ecuador (Paramba). 2 $ 1 @ Peru (Inambari. Huancabamba). 1 2 Bolivia (Reyes). 5 3 5 2 Amazons (St Paulo d’Olivenca to Para). 19 (18). F cell spot and spot in space 2 usually overlap: spot in space 1b triangular and unf usually continued to vein 1 by white suffusion. Cuiller short and broad, inwardly curved and spined. ¢ F 32 mm. mura Williams 1927: 3 Manicore, Rio Madeira: figured ¢ and genitalia. ‘Type has no spot in space 3 F. B.M. 1 $ St Paulo d’Olivenca. 2 ¢ Iquitos. 2 ¢ Para. 1 $ Bahia. 20a (17b). F spot in space 1b nearer to spot in space 2 than _ to termen: spot in space 3 completely overlapped by the spot in space 2. 20 (21). F spot in space 1b not overlapped by the spot in space 2: cell spot and spot in space 2 usually not over- lapping. Cuiller long, top rounded and spined. 2 ostium bursa furnished with two triangular, appressed processes. colossus. 3 sub-species. (a). Large, ¢ F 35 mm. F spot on costa out of line, Nearer base. Sub-sp. colossus Herrich-Schaffer 1869: § Venezuela: type B.M. Genitalia fig by Williams 1927 = samson. B.M. 23 Guatemala. 1 § Honduras. 1 ¢ 2 9 Colombia. I dg 3 2 Venezuela. (b). Smaller, $ F 33 mm. F spot on costa over centre of cell spot. Sub-sp. rhoda nov: ¢ Peru, Tarapote: May—Aug 1886: M. de Mathan: type B.M. BV. r d.1:9 Br-Guiana. 1 46:2 9 Fr Guiana 56 1.9 Peru (Tarapote). 2 3 Bolivia (Farinas. Buenavista). 1 $ Bahia. I §¢ Goyaz. 1 § Minas Geraes. 4 3 3 2S. Brazil. (eyo E 33;mm. End of cuiller bifid, -F) spot-.in-space)3 unusually long, nearly reaching the cell spot. Sub-sp. dosula nov: $ Rio Grande do Sul: type B.M. B.M. Only the type. 109 C.14. ASTRAPTES 21 (20). F spot in space 1b usually overlapped by the spot in space 2, which also usually overlaps the cell spot. Cuiller with a long slender inwardly projecting process. 2 ostium bursa upper edge produced or angled. parisi. 2 sub-species. (a). ¢ F 31 mm. Cuiller projection well below the curved top of the cuiller. Sub-sp. helen nov: ¢ Honduras, San Pedro Sula: 1895: Erich Wittkugel: type B.M. B.M. 5 6 2 2 Honduras. 1 9 Nicaragua. 1 g¢ Panama. (b). g F 29 mm. Cuiller projection in line with the straight top of the cuiller. Sub-sp. parisi Williams 1927: ¢ Matto Grosso: figured 3 and genitalia. Fig Hayward 1948 = apastus, but geni- talia fig = paris. B.M. 3 @ Venezuela. 5 ¢ Trinidad. 1 $ Ecuador (La Chima). 2 $ Peru(Chanchamayo. Tarapote). 2 ¢ Bolivia (Buenavista). 4 ¢ Up Amazons (Teffe. Obidos). Matto Grosso. 1 g Brazil. 5 3 3 2° Paraguay. 22a (13b). F no central band of irregularly placed hyaline spots (xagua christyi has a compact band and alector may have a semi-hyaline band). 22 (23a). Unf base broadly brilliant blue. 3 upf with a short narrow costal fold. ¢ F 27 mm. xagua. 2 sub-species. (a). F unmarked except for a white spot mid costa unf. Sub-sp. xagua Lucas 1857: Cuba. Fig Seitz: Williams 1927, ¢ and genitalia. Synonym. malefida Herrich-Schaffer 1862: Cuba. BML. 22 ¢ 16'2 Caba. (b). F with a narrow compact hyaline white central band from space 1b to costa, no spot in space 3. Sub-sp. christyi Sharpe 1898: ¢ San Domingo: type B.M. Fig Williams 1927. Synonym. angustus Skinner 1920: San Domingo. B.M. 2 3 Haiti. 23a (22). Unf no blue at base except along costa in certain cases. ¢ no costal fold. IIo C.14. ASTRAPTES 23b (33a). Above wing bases shining blue or green. 23c (25a). Unf discal and apical dark bands conjoined to a single band. Below, termen beyond the discal dark band is conspicuously pale brown. ¢ F 25 mm. 23 (24). H with a short tail, 5 mm. Unf costa white to mid wing. megalurus Mabille 1877: ¢ Colombia: type B.M. Fig Seitz. Synonym. consus Godman & Salvin 1893: 3 Mexico: type B.M.: figured ¢ and genitalia. B.M. 235 292 Mexico. 3 ¢ Guatemala. 1 ¢ Colombia. 24 (23). H not tailed. Unf costa brown. elorus Hewitson 1867: 2 Brazil: type B.M. Fig Seitz: Hayward 1948, $ and genitalia: Williams & Bell 1934, 3 genitalia. Synonym. blasius Plotz 1882: 3 “Cuba”’. pheres Mabille 1903: 3 Brazil: type B.M. Fig Seitz. subblasius Strand 1920: $ Argentine. B.M. 2139258. Brazil (Sao Paulo. Parana. Rio. Petro- polis. Santa Catharina. Novo Friborgo). 1 9 Paraguay. 1 2 Argentine. 25a (23c). Unf discal and apical dark bands separated. 25b (29a). Unf the dark bands often obscure, but the discal band is always nearer to the central than to the apical band. 25 (26a). H cilia conspicuously white. Unh with a white border, which extends to unf more or less. alardus. 5 sub-species. (a). Above wing bases green rather than blue. ¢ large, F 30 mm. Unh white border broad, 7 mm., only slightly shaded and violet in a side light. Unf border tapered to end of vein 6. Sub-sp. latia nov: $ Costa Rica: type B.M. B.M. 2392 Mexico. 63 6 2 Guatemala. 1 ¢ Salvador. 3 9 Nicaragua. 11 3 16 2 Costa Rica. 2 3 3 2 Panama. 1 2 Colombia. (b). Unh the white border is densely shaded, leaving a narrow macular discal band along its inner edge. Unf the white border absent. ¢ F 27 mm. foe 6D C.14. ASTRAPTES Sub-sp. aquila nov: 3 Cauca Valley, Colombia: type B.M. B.M. 11 3 7 2 Colombia (Cauca Valley. Popoyan). (c). Unh white border 6 mm. wide, more shaded than in latia: violet gloss absent. Unf the white border extends narrowly to veins 2 or 3. ¢ F 27 mm. Sub-sp. alardus Stoll 1790: 2 Surinam: figured. Fig Seitz: Hayward 1948, 3 and genitalia: genitalia fig by G&S and by Williams 1927. Synonyms. grullus Mabille 1888: 3 “‘Chiriqui”’: figured. The fig by G & S 1s of latimargo from Colombia, specimen in B.M. cartomes Mabille & Boullet 1912: $ Venezuela: type B.M. Put by authors incorrectly as a synonym of latimargo. fabrict Ehrman 1913: 3 Venezuela. Fide Holland 1927. B.M. 5 3 3 2 Colombia (Bogota). 23 $ 9 2 Venezuela. 20 6 792 Trinidad. 2 ¢ 2 2 Br Guiana. 1 $ Surinam. 1d Fr Guiana. 3 5 3 2 Ecuador. 4 3 1 2 Peru (Chancha- mayo). 5 3 3 2 Bolivia (La Paz. Cochabamba. Buena- vista). 46 12 Up Amazons. 23 22 Pernambuco. 1g 12 Bahia. 1 ¢ 2 9 Minas Geraes. 4 5 3 2 S. Brazil (Parana. Espirito Santo). 1 g Argentine. (d). Above wing bases brilliant blue. ¢ F 27 mm. Uph cilia very broadly white. Unh and unf white border 3 mm. | Sub-sp. habana Lucas 1857: Cuba. Fig Seitz: genitalia by Williams 1927. BM. «21.g21j2) Guba: (e). Uph cilia narrowly white. Unh and unf white border narrow, 14 mm. or less, strongly violet tinted. Sub-sp. heriul Mabille & Boullet 1912: 2 “‘Brazil”’, recte San Domingo: type B.M. Synonyms. antiquus Skinner 1920: San Domingo. Fig Williams 1927. domingensis Joicey & Talbot 1924: 3 San Domingo. B.M. 11 3 12 2 Haiti. 26a (25). H cilia dark to pale brown. Unh brown with dark bands. Unf tornal quarter of wing white. 26 (27a). Unh basal third of costa white, as in fulgerator. g F 25 mm. 112 C.14. ASTRAPTES alector. 2 sub-species. (a). Above, wing bases green rather than blue. Unf costa at base shining green, turning to sordid white, up to mid wing: tornal white area in ¢ just entering cell. Sub-sp. hopfferi Plotz 1882: ¢ S. America. Fig Seitz. Synonym. uridon Dyar 1912: 2 Mexico. B.M. 7359 Mexico. 3 3 2 9 Guatemala. 3 2 Honduras. a3 Costa Rica. \4'\¢'\2° 9 Panamai)'2) 612, Colombia: Hast o Nenezuela.; 16) 1 OBr Guiana, 1g 1/2\ Ecuador (Quito). 12 Peru (Tarapote). 3 ¢ 29 Bolivia (Santa Cruz. Reyes. Buenavista). 8 ¢ 9 2 Amazons (Iquitos. Pebas. Obidos. Nauta. Para). 1 ¢ Goyaz. (b). Above, wing bases brilliant blue. Upf an opaque _ white central band from cell to space 2 in g and to space 1b in 2, directed to tornus. Unf extreme base of costa orange, turning to white: tornal white area extended to cell in g and 9. Sub-sp. alector Felder 1867: 2 Colombia: type B.M.: figured. Fig Seitz. B.M. 1 g 4 2 (Cundinamarca). 27a (26). Unh base of costa not white. 27 (28). Form of cuiller of clasp abnormal, quadrate, rounded at back, inner face serrate. Unh basal quarter paler than rest of ground, dark bands well marked. Wing bases, above, blue rather than green. ¢ F 24 mm. alfius. 2 sub-species. (a). Unf shining green at base costa turning white to mid wing: tornal white area very broad, entering cell in 3g, and uniting with the costal white streak in 9. Unh basal area covered with yellowish scales. Sub-sp. alfius nov: 3 St Paulo d’Olivenca, Amazon: type B.M. B.M. 131 Q Nicaragua. 2 9 Colombia. 1 $ Venezuela. 3 6 69 Fr Guiana. 1 g Ecuador (Paramba). 1 g 1 9 Peru (Amazonas. Pebas). 1 2 Bolivia (Buenavista). 8g 72 Up Amazons (Iquitos. Upper Putumayo. Tapajos. St Paulo d’Olivenca. Santarem). 1 ¢ Maranham. (b). Unf base costa shining green for a short distance, remainder brown: tornal white area restricted, just enter- ing space 2 in g and reaching cubitus in 9. Lis C.14. ASTRAPTES Sub-sp. adoba nov: 3 Espirito Santo: type B.M. B.M. 13 Minas Geraes. 73195. Brazil (Espirito Santo. Rio. Rio Grande). 28 (27). Form of cuiller normal, triangular: back produced to a sharp point, whence it slopes to a narrow serrate tip on the inside: inner edge of valva deeply excavate. creteus. 5 sub-species. (a). Above, wing bases blue. Unf extreme base of costa brown, followed by white to mid wing: tornal white area reaches cubitus in g, and in 2 crosses cell to the costal white area. Upf dark bands barely visible. H termen straight. g¢ F 25 mm. Sub-sp. crana nov: 3 Guatemala, San Geronimo: type B.M. B.M. 43 3 2 Guatemala. 8g 1 2 Costa Rica. 1 9 Panama. (b). Unf extreme base of costa green, followed by white: tornal white area crossing cell to costa in f§ and 2. Unh paler than usual, ochreous brown. Upf an opaque white central spot in space 2, followed by a shaded white spot in space Ib, nearer termen. ¢ F 27 mm. Sub-sp. crilla nov: $ Zamora, Ecuador; 3,000-4,000 ft.: O. T. Barron: type B.M. B.M. 1 3 1 9 Ecuador (Zamora. Aguano). (c). Unf as crilla: unh darker. Upf paler, dark bands con- spicuous, no white markings. § F 28 mm. H termen convex. Sub-sp. cyprus nov: 3 Bolivia: type B.M. B.M. 2 3 Bolivia. (d). Above, wing bases green, H termen straight. Unf costal streak green, nearly to mid wing: tornal white area restricted, usually not above vein 2 in ¢ and may be shaded, clear white in 2 and reaches cubitus. ¢ F 25 mm. Sub-sp. creteus Cramer 1780: 2 Surinam: figured. Fig Seitz: genitalia fig by Williams: Hayward’s figures are referable to siges. Synonym. parmenides Stoll 1781: ? loc: figured. B.M. 16 Panama. 3 2 Colombia. 1 2 Venezuela. 93 7 2 Br Guiana. 1 ¢ Surinam. 1 3 1 9 Fr Guiana. 2 $ Bolivia (Santa Cruz). 4 ¢ 1 9 Up Amazons (Up Putumayo. Obidos. St Paulo d’Olivenca). 3 3 79 Para. 1 9 Pernam- buco. 1 ¢ Goyaz. 114 C.14. ASTRAPTES (e). Above, wing bases blue. H termen straight. Unf costa brown, rarely traces of green iridescence at base: tornal white area variable, usually to cubitus in g. ¢ F 26 mm. Sub-sp. siges Mabille 1903: $ Brazil: type B.M. Fig as creteus by Hayward 1948, 3 and genitalia. B.M. 3522 Bahia. 125 495. Brazil (Sao Paulo. Rio. Espirito Santo. Santa Catharina). 2 9 Paraguay. 1 9 Argentine. 29a (25b). Unf the dark bands well marked, discal band central between the central band (cell to space 2) and the apical band or nearer to the latter: discal band usually extends to vein I. 29 (30a). Inner edge of valva of clasp deeply excavate as in creteus: back of cuiller sharply pointed as in creteus, but the lower end of the cuiller is much broader, as in chiriquensis. Above, wing bases green rather than blue and upf dark bands well marked. ¢ F 25 mm. H termen very straight in first two forms. latimargo. 3 sub-species. (a). Unh border at termen pale yellow, more or less shaded, as in chiriquensis, ending just before vein 1b: cilia whitish, but brown between veins 1a and 1b. Sub-sp. bifascia Herrich-Schaffer 1869: ? loc. Identity fixed by Williams & Bell 1934. Synonym. ftelegonoides Mabille & Boullet 1912: 3 Colombia. B.M. 235 2 Guatemala. 1 $ Costa Rica. 2 ¢ 3 2 Panama. (b). Similar, but unh the border is white, slightly shaded, as in alardus, 4 mm. wide and not extending to unf, except for whitish cilia to vein 2. Sub-sp. latimargo Herrich-Schaffer 1869: ? loc. Fig Seitz, very well: G & 5 as grullus. B.M. 1 3 Panama. 1 $ Colombia. 3 ¢ Ecuador (La Chima). (c). Unf base costa shining green: tornal area whitish to vein 2. Unh dark brown with darker bands and a yellowish discal dash in space Ic as in creteus. Separable from creteus by the prominence of the dark bands upf A.H.—9 II 5 C.14. ASTRAPTES and from oenander by the straighter bands unh: the 3 species fly together in Para. Sub-sp. tinda nov: 3 Para: type B.M. BML. 3 oir 9. Para. 30a (29). Inner edge of valva of clasp not deeply concave, straight or bisinuate. H termen convex. 30 (31a). Below dark bands conspicuous. Tip of cuiller blunt, lower inner end broad as in /atimargo. chiriquensis. 4 sub-species. (a). Above, wing bases blue rather than green. H cilia yellow, continuing round tornus to end of vein 1a. Unh with broad yellow border before termen, sometimes more or less shaded brown. ¢ F 24 mm. Sub-sp. chiriquensis Staudinger 1875: 3g Chiriqui. Fig Staudinger 1888: Seitz: G & S: Hayward 1948, referable to oenander: genitalia by Williams 1927. Synonyms. weymert Plétz 1882: ? loc. godmam Williams 1927: 3 Nicaragua: for the G & S figure of chiriquensis. B.M. 1 ¢ 1 9 Mexico. 2 2 Honduras. 2 3 Nicaragua. I ¢ 3 2 Costa Rica. 446 1 2 Panama. 12 3 5 2 Colombia. 1 2 Venezuela. 2 3 3 2 Ecuador (Banos. Paramba). (b). Above wing bases dull green, no trace of blue. H cilia yellow to end of vein 1b, which marks the end of the paler yellow border. 3 F 24 mm. Sub-sp. erana nov: 3 Balzapamba, Ecuador: type B.M. B.M. 5 3 3 @ Ecuador (La Chima. Chimbo. Balza- pamba). | (c). Above, wing bases blue and upf dark bands conspicu- ous. H cilia brownish. Unh ochreous brown with dark bands, more or less yellow edged. Larger, ¢ F 28 mm. Sub-sp. meretrix Hewitson 1876: 2 Ecuador: type B.M. B.M. 3 2 Ecuador (Rio Pastaza. Jorge). 4 $ Peru (Cuzco. San Remon. Chanchamayo). 10 ¢ 1 2 Bolivia (La Paz. Cochabamba). (d). Above, wing bases iridescent green. H cilia brownish. Unf basal third of costa shining green: tornal area brownish white to vein 2, much as in creteus, but the discal band more or less reaches vein 1. Unh brown with 116 C.14. ASTRAPTES some ochreous scaling and conspicuous dark bands, resembling meretrix, but darker. g¢ F 25 mm. Sub-sp. oenander Hewitson 1876: Para. Fig as chiriquensis by Hayward 1948, 3 and genitalia. B.M. 1 3 Br Guiana. 5 ¢ Fr Guiana. 7 $ Up Amazons (Pebas. Iquitos. R. Tapajos). 8 ¢ Para. 73825. Brazil (Espirito Santo. Santa Catharina. Sao Paulo). 1g 1 2 Paraguay. 3la (30). Below, dark bands very faint. 31 (32). ¢ F 23 mm. Above, wing bases green. Below with green suffusion on pectus, palpi and wing bases. Tip of cuiller bluntly pointed, lower edge narrow, as in creteus. Upf bands absent: unf paler mid dorsum: unh broadly darker before termen. jaira Butler 1870: $ W. Indies: type B.M. Fig Butler 1874: Seitz. Synonym. jamaicensis Williams 1927: 3 Jamaica: figured 3 and genitalia. 7 B.M. 24 3 8 2 Jamaica. 32 (31). ¢ F 30 mm. Above, thorax and wing bases (very narrowly) pale blue glossed. Upf bands just visible, even fainter unf and absent unh, which is uniform chocolate. Below pectus and palpi brown. Tip of cuiller rounded, lower edge narrow. cassander Fabricius 1793: ? loc: figured Jones Icones, which does not show the blue gloss, but that is absent in several B.M. specimens. Synonyms. cretellus Herrich-Schaffer 1869: ? loc. MS fig of type in B.M. Genitalia fig by Williams & Bell 1934. jariba Butler 1870: $ Cuba: type B.M. Fig Butler 1874. geronae Holland 1916: Is des Pins, Cuba. B.M. 23 ¢ 20 2 Cuba. 33a (23b). Above wing bases not conspicuously shining blue or green. Inner edge of valva of clasp concave: back of cuiller produced to a blunt point. 33 (34). Large, $ F 30 mm. Uph without yellow colour- ing and cilia brown. Head and thorax, above, dark green. 117 C.14. ASTRAPTES galesus. 2 sub-species. (a). Above and below, dark brown. Upf and unf out- wardly paler and the discal band visible. Uph no band. Unh the dark discal band faint and the termen paler. Resembles cassander. Sub-sp. cassius nov: g¢ Irazu, Costa Rica, 6,000-7,000 ft.: H. Rogers: type B.M. Fig as hahneli by G & S: Seitz: genitalia by Williams & Bell 1934. B.M. 8 3 42 Costa Rica. 1 g Panama. 1 g Venezuela. (b). Above, lighter brown, both dark bands upf and the discal band uph conspicuous: faint green suffusion on thorax and extreme bases of wings. Below, brighter, ochreous brown: some faint green suffusion on pectus, palpi and wing bases. Unh the dark discal band outwardly more or less edged with yellow. Sub-sp. galesus Mabille 1888: ¢ Chanchamayo: figured. Fig Williams 1927, 3 and genitalia. Synonym. subflavus Williams 1927: 3 Ecuador: figured. B.M. 4312 Colombia. 2 $ 2 2 Ecuador (Zamora. Loja. R. Pastaza). 6 g 2 2 Peru ( Chanchamayo. Cuzco. R. Tabaconas. Manchara. Huancabamba. Amazonas). 13 3 Bolivia (La Paz. 5S. Antonio. R. Songo. Farinas. Cochabamba). 34 (33). ¢ F 25 mm. Brown with well-marked dark bands. anaphus. 5 sub-species. (a). Uph tornal yellow colouring narrow, not reaching vein 2 and divided by a brown tongue to end of vein I. Unh the broad yellow border shaded to vein 2. Sub-sp. annetta nov: ¢ Tres Rios, 5,000 ft.: Costa Rica: type B.M. B.M. 25 ¢ 18 2 Mexico. 15 3 6 9 Guatemala. 7 3 3 2 Honduras. 1 ¢ Salvador. 5 ¢ 1 2 Nicaragua. 32 ¢ 14 2 Costa Rica. 8 g 10 Q Panama. 31 ¢ 10 2 Colombia. 1332 Venezuela. 1 3 12 Trinidad. 5 ¢ 1 2 Br Guiana. 9389 Ecuador. 193 72 Peru (Chanchamayo. Carabaya). 4 3 Bolivia. (b). Uph yellow colour at tornus broad, 5 mm., reaching vein 3 and not divided by a brown tongue. Unh the border clear yellow to vein 4 or 5. 118 C.15. CALLIADES Sub-sp. anaphus Cramer 1777: Surinam: figured. Fig Seitz: Hayward 1948, $ and genitalia: genitalia by Williams 1927. | Synonyms. leucogramma Sepp 1848: 3 Surinam: figured. anaphides Mabille & Boullet 1912: 3 Brazil. BoMer2 gor. 9 Suriname 22 Fr-Guianhas or ot. 2 Ecuador (Canelos). 1 9 Peru (Amazonas). 5 ¢ 5 2 Up Amazons. 6 g 11 9 Para. 1 6 1 29 Maranham. 4 5 4 2 Bahia. 23 Pernambuco. 23 Minas Geraes. 1g 1 2 Matto Grosso. 126 7925S. Brazil. 13 6 7 2 Paraguay. 235 2? Argentine. (c). Uph no yellow at tornus. Unh the yellow border outwardly edged by conical brown spots. Sub-sp. anoma nov: ¢ Trinidad: type B.M. Bae 54 42 Venezuela 15 ¢ 62 Prmidad. 1g 1,9 Br Guiana. 3 g 22 Peru (Trujillo). 4 3 2 2 Porto Real. (d). Unh the yellow border absent: ochreous brown with dark bands, resembling galesus: cilia brown. Sub-sp. aniza nov: ¢ Peru, Callao: Walker: type B.M. B.M. 43 5 2 Peru (Callao. Chorica. Angamarca). 1 9 Uruguay. (e). Unh the yellow border absent and the ground colour ochreous brown, as in aniza, but the dark discal band is outwardly yellow edged: cilia variable, yellow to brown. Sub-sp. anausis Godman & Salvin 1896: 3 St Vincent: type B.M. Synonyms. grenadensis Schaus 1902: Grenada. alpistus Mabille 1903: $ Santa Catharina, Brazil. Exactly resembles anausis and probably wrongly labelled. cubana. Mabille & Boullet 1912: Cuba. royst. Avinoff & Shoumatoff: $ Jamaica. B.M. 16 g 12 2 Cuba. 9 ¢ 8 2 Haiti. 5 ¢ 2 2 Jamaica. mage 2 Dominicay16 ¢ 2, o.5ti Vincent. - 1d 1.97 Brazil’. C.15. CALLIADES Mabille & Boullet 1912: type oryx Felder: fixed by Lindsey 1925 as phrynicus Hewitson, which is a Synonym of oryx. Resembles Astraptes in venation and antennae. Differs in respect of the elongate hindwing with a rounded tornus. 119 C.16 AUTOCHTON In appearance the species resemble Autochton having a white band upf and no apical spots. ¢ F 25 mm. | (2). Upf the white band absent in space 3. Unh termen white bordered before the cilia. 3 with a costal fold upf. oryx Felder 1862: 2 Rio Negro: type B.M. Synonyms. phrynicus Hewitson 1867: ¢ Amazons: type B.M. Fig Seitz: genitalia by Williams & Bell 1934. viridans Mabille 1888: g¢ Amazons: type B.M.: figured. B.M. 2 3 Br Guiana. 24 $ 21 2 Up Amazons (Iquitos. Teffe. St Paulo d’Olivenca). 2 3 Para. 2 (1). Upf with a spot of the band in space 3. Unh no white border, cilia brownish white. ¢ without a costal fold. zeutus Moschler 1878: $ Colombia. Fig Seitz. Synonyms. koluthos Plétz 1882: 3 Colombia: copy of Plotz’s MS fig in B.M. polias Godman 1go1: 2 Panama: figured. rhacoces Mabille & Boullet 1912: 3 S. America: type B.M. B.M. 1 3 Br Guiana. 1 § Up Amazons (Iquitos). 1 3 Bolivia (Buenavista). 1 g S. America. C.16. AUTOCHTON Hiibner 1823: type ztylus Hiibner: sole species included. Synonyms. Cecrops Hiibner 1818:.type zarex Hiibner: sole species included: homonym by Leach 1816. Cecropterus Herrich-Schaffer 1869: to replace Cecrops. Rhabdoides Scudder 1889: type cellus Boisduval and Le Conte: sole species included. Characterised by the continuous pale band on the fore- wing. Closely allied to Achalarus having the antennae bent at the thickest part of the club shortly after the beginning of the nudum, which has only 18 segments as against 22 to 26 for Achalarus. Also the tornus of the hindwing is more rounded, not V-shaped as in Achalarus. ‘The antennae in sulfureolus are aberrant, the nudum having 28 segments, but in all other respects it resembles the other species of the genus. 120 C.16. AUTOCHTON la (6a). Unf apical spots extend into space 9g. tb (3a). Cilia chequered. Band F yellow. 1 (2). Unh variegated beyond the dark discal band: usually with an irregular narrow pale band followed by a dark margin, more or less covered with ashy scaling. g F 24 mm. cellus Boisduval & Le Conte 1883: 9 N. America: type B.M.: figured. Fig Seitz: Holland 1931: Clark 1932: genitalia by G & S and by Lindsey, Bell & Williams 1931. Synonyms. festus Geyer 1837: 2 ? loc: figured. mexicana Draudt 1922: 3 Mexico: figured. aerofuscus Gunder 1925: ¢ ? loc: figured. leilae Clark 1930: Maryland. Figured Clark 1936. Bayt 39 dir 2 Arizonalyayg: Florida. 1 ¢ Georgia. 1g California. 3 ¢ 192 Texas. 1 ¢ Virginia. 1 § N. Caro- lina: 1265/14 9 Nlexico.1-6> Venezuela’) /1' 3°" Cuba”’. 2 (1). Unh quite plain beyond the discal band. Smaller, oe eras ach ale pseudocellus Coolidge & Clemence 1911: $ Arizona. Fig Holland 1931: genitalia by Lindsey, Bell & Williams 1931. B.M. 43 Arizona. 7 3 2 2 Mexico (Las Vegas. Milpas. Pinal). 3a (1b). Cilia not chequered. 3 (4a). Cilia H conspicuously white throughout. Upf band narrow, 14 mm., pale yellow. ¢ F 20 mm. cincta Plétz 1882: Oaxaca: copy of Plotz’s MS fig in B.M. Fig in Seitz is of news. Fig G & 8: genitalia by Williams & Bell 1934. Synonym. rotundatus Mabille 1883: S. America: type B.M B.M. 7332 Mexico. 4 3 6 2 Guatemala. 4a (3). Cilia H brown, sometimes paler towards apex. 4(5). Upf band yellow: typically there are 4 apical spots, but in Mexico and Guatemala the lower spot in space 6 is usually absent. ¢ F 20 mm. vectilucis Butler 1874: 3 Costa Rica: figured. Fig Seitz: genitalia by Williams & Bell 1934. eT § C.16. AUTOCHTON B.M. 1 3 Mexico. 15 g¢ 1 2 Guatemala. 21 ¢ 8 2 Costa Rica. 3 ¢ 4 2 Panama. 5 (4). Upf band white. Closely resembles nezs and reflexus, but for the 4 apical spots upf. Unf there is broad discal area between veins 2 and 6 covered with grey scaling, followed by dark conical spots along the termen, resemb- ling bipunctatus, but less extensive. Unh the dark bands are broad: discal band outwardly straight and whitish edged. ¢ F 19 mm. integrifascia Mabille 1891: 2 Brazil. B.M. 1 3 Bolivia (Yungas, La Paz). 5 ¢ 2258. Brazil (Parana. Sao Paulo. Rio). 6a (1a). F no apical spot in space 9. 6b (10a). Wings produced: H longest at end of vein rb. 6c (8a). Upf with 3 apical spots. Unh cilia usually brown, but if white or whitish, that colouring does not extend to the wing. Unf outwardly rather paler, but no discal area of pale scaling followed by dark spots as in integri- fascia and bipunctatus. 6 (7). End of cuiller at back right-angled to a straight top. ¢ upf generally with the spots composing the central band irregular, separated by dark veins and the spot in space 3 placed on the outer edge of the spot in space 2, far from the cell spot (Seitz fig of bocus). 2 upf (Geyer’s fig of neis) has the band compact: the cell spot is usually separated from the spot in space 2 by a dark vein: the spot in space rb is generally of equal width throughout and the edges are parallel. But there is a great deal of variation: some males look like females and vice versa. Unh the bands are typically narrow, but often are broad: the outer edge of the discal band is generally straight. The width of the turned-in part of the cuiller displays considerable variation. ¢ F 19 mm. neis Geyer 1832: 2 Brazil: figured. Fig Seitz: genitalia by G & S: Hayward 1948 figures = reflexus. Synonyms. lunulus Plotz 1882: 2 S. America. Fig Seitz. bocus Plotz 1882: 3 Para. Fig Seitz. dhega Mabille 1891: 3 Jalapa. 122 C.16. AUTOCHTON agathokles Ehrman 1918: @ Venezuela. Fide Holland 1927. B.M. 195 122 Mexico. 1 $3 2 Guatemala. 1g Salvador. 235 32 Nicaragua. 6 ¢ 3 2 Costa Rica. 8 3 5 9 Panama. 11 $ 3 2 Colombia. 8 $ 2 2 Venezuela. 15 3 49 Trinidad. 1 2 Jamaica. 11 ¢ Br Guiana. 1 ¢ Surinam. 8442 Fr Guiana. 6 ¢ 1 2 Ecuador (Zamora. Quito. Chimbo. Angamarca). 8 ¢ 4 2 Peru (Charape. Chanchamayo. Chaquimayo. Pebas). 3 ¢ 1 2 Bolivia (La Paz. Buena- vista. Santa Cruz). 12 ¢ Up Amazons (Iquitos to Obidos). 21999 Para. 535 22N. Brazil (Bahia. Pernambuco). 1 $ Goyaz. 2 5 Matto Grosso. 1 9 Minas Geraes. 63 7 2 “Brazil”. 4339S. Brazil (Rio. Parana. Espirito Santo. Rio Grande). 1 g 1 2 Paraguay. 7 (6). End of cuiller shouldered at back, top rounded. ¢ 9 band upf rather broader, compact, all veins crossing it white. Unf the spot in space 1b tapers towards vein 1, inwardly bisinuate, acutely in 9, appearing recurved towards the base. Unh discal band outwardly concave. Larger, ¢ F 21 mm. reflexus Mabille & Boullet 1912: 2 Brazil: type B.M. Figured $ and genitalia by Hayward 1948 as nets. B.M. 731725. Brazil (Petropolis. Espirito Santo. Rio. Santa Catharina. Novo Friborgo). 1 3 1 2 Paraguay. 8a (6c). Unh apical half of termen narrowly white before the white cilia. Upf at most 2 apical spots, more often 1 or none: band compact. 8 (g). Cuiller turned inward as a long curved spine: valva with a slender style directed to the tip of the cuiller. Upf often with a tiny brown spot on the band at the origin of vein 3: origin of vein 11 is at the centre of the band, which is generally constricted at the costa. ¢ F 20 mm. longipennis Plotz 1882: S. America. Synonym. capys Godman & Salvin 1894: 3 Mexico: type B.M.: figured ¢ and genitalia. B.M. 5 3 2 2 Mexico. 1 $ Guatemala. 1 ¢ Honduras. Ig 1 Q Nicaragua. 1 ¢ 1 2 Costa Rica. 5 ¢ 3 2 Panama. 19d 15 2 Colombia. 5 ¢ 22 Venezuela. 6 $ 2 2 Trinidad. 123 C.16. AUTOCHTON 12 ¢ 2 9 Br Guiana. 8 3 Fr Guiana. 16 3 8 2 Ecuador (Paramba. Loja. Zamora. Angamarca). 10 3 6 2 Peru (Chanchamayo. Ucayali. Loreto). 21 3 10 2 Bolivia (Cochabamba. Buenavista. Santa Cruz). 20g 9 2 Up Ama- zons (Iquitos. Manicore. St Paulo d’Olivenca). 1 3 42 Para. 2 2 Minas Geraes. 10 3 9 9 S. Brazil (Rio. Sao Paulo. Espirito Santo. Novo Friborgo). 7 3 3 2 no loc. 9 (8). Cuiller triangular, produced to a point at the back: no style on valva. F origin of vein 11 is near the outer edge of the band, which is tapered rather than constricted at costa and is more or less curved basad. 3 F 18 mm. 33 of these 2 species can be readily separated by brushing the end of the abdomen so as to see the tip of the clasp. zarex Hiibner 1818: Surinam: figured. Fig Hayward 1948, ¢ and genitalia. Synonyms. aunus Fabricius 1781: “2 Equinoct Africa”’: type B.M. (Banks Coll). Fig Seitz: genitalia by G & S. Homonym by Cramer 1775. brontes Fabricius 1787: America. Homonym by Denis & Schiffermuller 1776. isokrates Ehrman 1918: $ Venezuela. Fide Holland 1927. assaracus Hayward 1938: 3 Brazil: genitalia figured. B.M. 23 672 Mexico. 7 3 3 2 Guatemala. 5 ¢ 3 2 Hon- duras. 3 ¢ 1 9 Salvador. 6 g 2 2 Costa Rica. 163 8 9 Panama. 18 ¢ 72 Colombia. 163 5 2 Venezuela. 245 82 Trinidad. 7 3 3 2 Br Guiana. 75 12 Fr Guiana. 83 22 Ecuador (Paramba. Loja. La Chima). 5 ¢ 3 9 Peru Chanchamayo. R. Tabaconas. Pebas. Ucayali. San Gaban). 23 29 Bolivia (Mapiri. Buenavista. Santa Cruz). 18 $ 8 2 Up Amazons (Iquitos to Obidos). 5 ¢ 7 2 Para. 26 Maranham. 2? Bahia. 1 ¢ Goyaz. 1 3 Minas Geraes. 30 6 8 2 S. Brazil (Parana. Rio. Sao Paulo. Espirito Santo). 8 ¢ 69 Paraguay. 1 3 Argentine. 10a (6b). Wings rounded: H, at end of vein 4, as long as or longer than at end of vein rb. 1ob (13). Unh with dark bands as usual. Palpi grey or brown. toc (12). F the white band passes through base of space 3. 124 C.16. AUTOCHTON 10 (11). F band white and placed so that the origin of vein 11 falls inside the band. Upf usually 2 apical spots in spaces 7 and 8, rarely a third in space 6 and sometimes none at all. Unf with a pale discal band from vein 2 to the costa, outwardly flanked by conical dark spots along the termen. H upper half of termen with irregular white cilia. ¢ F 19 mm. bipunctatus Gmelin 1790: “Exoticus”. Fig in Seitz = longipennis probably. Synonyms. orontes Plotz 1882: Lagueyra. ¢ in B.M. from Ecuador without apical spots agrees with Plétz’s MS fig. zonilis Mabille 1883: ¢ Colombia: type B.M. Fig Seitz. B.M. 12 Mexico. 2 2 Honduras. 2 2 Costa Rica. 1419 Panama. 13 56 62 Colombia. 17 3 42 Venezuela. 3 ¢ Fr Guiana. 3 5 1 @ Ecuador (Esmeralda. La Chima. Momiora).:( 0 ¢ Peru(Wcayalt).;..23° Bolivia; 3-3 ..3 9 Amazons (St Paulo d’Olivenca. Manicore. Para). 1 ¢ Maranham. 1 ° Minas Geraes. 1 ¢ “‘Brazil’’. Il (10). F band pale greenish yellow, placed nearer base than origin of vein 11. Upf 3 apical spots. Unf plain brown. Unh bands faint: upper part of termen narrowly white before the white cilia. ¢ F 22 mm. sulfureolus Mabille 1883: Brazil. Genitalia fig by Wil- liams & Bell 1934. B.M 5356925. Brazil (Espirito Santo. Novo Friborgo). 12 (10c). F no white spot at base of space 3: 2, I or no apical spots. Unf dorsum pale brown. Cilia H brown, rarely white about apex. ¢ F 16 mm. itylus Hubner 1823: 9 Surinam: figured. Fig Seitz. Pe vies 1.2 Venezuela.) 11 gas 2 Bri Guiana 3:4) 1 ¢ Surinam. 5 3 5 2 Fr Guiana. 3 5 1 2 Ecuador (Paramba). 1 g N. Peru (Manchara). 1 9 Iquitos. 19 $ 12 9 Para. 1 $ Pernambuco. 1 2 Goyaz. 3 ¢ 2 S. Brazil (Espirito Santo). 13 (rob). Unh without dark bands: instead faint yellow small spots, 2 in cell and discal row, often incomplete. Palpi below, bright yellow. H cilia white for a short 125 C.17. ACHALARUS distance below apex (sometimes absent). F with 3 irregular apical spots (absent in one case), occasionally also with spots in spaces 4 and 5. ¢ F 16 mm. electrus Mabille 1891: ¢ Chanchamayo, Peru: MS fig by Mabille in B.M. B.M. 3 ¢ Ecuador. 1 g Peru (Chanchamayo). 11 3 6 Q Up Amazons (Iquitos. Pebas. Up Putumayo. Ucayali. St Paulo d’Olivenca). C.17. ACHALARUS Scudder 1872: type lyciades Hiibner: fixed by author as lycidas Abbott & Smith, a homonym by Cramer 1777 and replaced by lyciades. Synonym. Murgaria Watson 1893: type albociliatus Mabille: fixed by author. Allied to Autochton and Thorybes, differing from the former in the forewing being more or less spotted instead of banded, and from the latter in having the hindwing tornus produced. The antennae, as in Urbanus, are bent at the thickest part of the club: nudum 4/17 to 5/20. $ with a costal fold except in 2 species. la (3a). F with hyaline spots: cilia chequered. 1 (2). F hyaline spots yellow, large, overlapping. ¢ with a costal fold. ¢ F 21 mm. ey lyciades Hiibner 1819: in replacement of lycidas. Fig Geyer 1832: genitalia by Lindsey, Bell & Williams 1931. Synonyms. lycidas Abbott & Smith 1797: Georgia: figured. Fig Holland 1931. hedysarum Scudder MS 1889 = lycidas. B.M. 59 3 37 2 U.S.A. (Arkansas. N. & S. Carolina. Georgia. Florida. Texas. Maryland. New York. Penn- sylvania. Tennessee. W. Virginia. Alabama. Ohio). 2 (1). F hyaline spots small, white, separated. 3 without a costal fold. H cilia white. casica. 2 sub-species. (a). Large, F 24 mm. F spots conspicuous. | Sub-sp. casica Herrich-Schaffer 1869: ? loc. Fig Seitz: genitalia by Lindsey, Bell & Williams 1931. 126 C.17, ACHALARUS Synonyms. epigena Butler 1870: $ Mexico: figured: type B.M. Fig Holland 1931: genitalia by G & S. orestes Lintner MS 1873 = epigena. BalVE22 S229) Arizona: 2:9 Wexas.s 5) 65:2 Mexico (Durango. Guerrero. Orizaba. Cuernavaca. Guadalajara). (b). Smaller, ¢ F 22 mm. F spots reduced to dots. Unh white border broader. Sub-sp. tehuacana Draudt 1922: 9 Tehuacan, Mexico: figured. B.M. 2 3 Guatemala. 3a (1a). F without hyaline spots: with more or less well- marked dark spots, generally obscure above, more con- spicuous below. Unh with dark bands. Cilia not chequered. 3 (4a). 3 no costal fold. F the dark discal spots in spaces 2 and 3 in line or overlapping. ¢ F 24 mm. albociliatus. 3 sub-species. (a). F cilia brown, H white. Sub-sp. albociliatus Mabille 1877: 3 “Colombia”: MS fig of type in B.M. Fig Seitz: $ and genitalia by G & S: genitalia by Skinner & Williams 1922 and Lindsey, Bell & Williams 1931. Bayly 2275 7 2 Mexico: (2 6 have aberrant genitalia). 14 5 3 2 Guatemala. 6 3 Honduras. Beye) Nicaragua. 1 § Salvador. 9g ¢ Costa Rica. 1 3 “‘Venezuela’’. (b). F and H cilia white. Much darker, markings invisible. ¢ F 24 mm. Sub-sp. leucophrys Mabille 1897: ¢ Colombia: type B.M. B.M. 13 3 12 Panama. 1 $ Colombia. (c). F and H cilia brown, but unh preceded by a very narrow white line. Paler, markings conspicuous. ¢ F 22 mm. Sub-sp. nocera Plétz 1882: $ Colombia. Synonym. mithras Mabille 1888: 2 Porto Cabello: figured. B.M. 1 3 1 2 Colombia (Lake Sapatoza, Chirigua). 1 3 Venezuela. 4a (3). 3 with costal fold. Unf discal spots in spaces 2 and 3 separated. 127 C.18. VENADA 4 (5). H tornus produced and rounded at end of vein 1b, as in all preceding species. H cilia white, but often brownish or brown. In 2 ¢ (Jalapa. Nicaragua) the costal fold is very thin. The cuiller of the clasp varies considerably, as specified in the list of the B.M. material. But the differences seem to be individual rather than sub-specific. g F 24 mm. toxeus Plotz 1882: Mexico: copy of Plotz’s MS plate in B.M. Fig genitalia by Williams & Bell 1934. Synonyms. coyote Skinner 1892: $ Texas. Type fig by Holland 1931: genitalia by Lindsey, Bell & Williams 1931. mgrociliata Mabille & Boullet 1912: ¢ Mexico. B.M. A. Long tip to cuiller. 9 ¢ 4 2 Mexico (Guerrero. Colima. Jalisco. Durango. R. Balzas). B. Short tip to cuiller. 1 g Mexico (Jalapa). 1 ¢ 1 9 Guatemala. 1 2 Honduras. 6 3 Nicaragua. 1 2 Costa Rica. 1 9 Panama. 1 2 “ Venezuela”’. C. Rounded tip to cuiller. 2 ¢ S. Mexico (Ganahl). D. Cuiller no tip, end rounded, broad. 2 3 no loc. FE. Cuiller as D, but narrower. 1 $ Mexico (Oaxaca). 1 ¢ Nicaragua (conspicuous costal fold). 5 (4). ¢ 2 H lobed, termen excavate before vein 1b. H cilia conspicuously white. ¢ F 25 mm. jalapus Plotz 1882: 2 Jalapa, Mexico: copy of Plétz’s MS figure in B.M. agreeing with description and B.M. material. Fig in Seitz is incorrect and probably = toxeus. Synonym. wxerxes Bell 1934: $ Honduras: genitalia figured. B.M. 5 3 1 2 Mexico (Jalapa. Ganahl. Guadalajara). 1 ¢ Guatemala. 2 2 Honduras. 1 ¢ Colombia. C.18. VENADA Evans (p. 41 ante): type advena Hewitson: fixed by author. V. advena is a species that cannot be fitted into any genus hitherto described. The genitalia are of the Urbanus type. The antennae are hooked: the cell F is two-thirds of the costa in length: H broader at end vein 6 than the length of the F at the end of vein 1. These characters place it in the 128 C.19. THORYBES Achalarus sub-group. It has the same tornally produced H and angled apex as Achalarus, differing only in the highly convex termen: the antennae are longer, > 4} costa, and the nudum consists of g segments on the club and 17 on the apiculus. Single species. ¢ F 23 mm. Above resembles Achalarus lyciades: F apical dots in spaces 6 to 9 (often some absent), compact broad central band of large conjoined spots in spaces 1b, 2, 3 and cell and there may be 2 separated dots on costa, all hyaline pale yellow. Unh with dark bands, the discal bands being more or less outwardly edged with white dots. $ with costal fold upf. advena Mabille 1889: 2 Chiriqui. Fig G & 5: genitalia by Williams & Bell 1934. B.M. 1 3 Nicaragua. 446 59 Panama. 22 Colombia. 1 3 Peru (Moyabamba). 1 ¢ Bolivia (La Paz). 1 $ “Brazil’’. C.19. THORYBES Scudder 1872: type daunus Cramer: fixed by author as bathyllus Abbott & Smith, a synonym of daunus. Synonym. Cocceius Godman & Salvin 1900: type pylades Scudder: fixed by author. Genitalia of the Urbanus type. Differs from Achalarus and Autochton in the shorter tornus H, so that vein 1A and the abdomen = ? instead of # dorsum. Upf with hyaline spots and generally a detached spot in space rb. Upf with a costal fold in 2 species. Antennae 4/19: club stout, apiculus tending to be arcuate. la (3a). 3 upf with a costal fold. £42). th ctha white. oF 20cm. drusius Edwards 1883: 3 S. Arizona. Fig by Skinner rg11. Synonym. paucipunctata Dyar 1916: $ Mexico. Fig Seitz. B.M. 6 3 4 2 Arizona. 1 9 California (?). 6 ¢ Mexico (Guerrero and N. Sonora). 2 (1). H cilia brown. ° upf generally with a well-marked spot in space 1b and a lower spot in space 2: cilia 129 C.19 THORYBES chequered pale and dark brown. $¢ F 20mm. Upf spotting very variable. pylades Scudder 1870: for bathyllus Harris, nec Abbott & Smith: Massachusetts. Fig Holland: Wright, fig 471: Comstock, pl 58/1 as mexicana: Seitz. Genitalia fig Lindsey, etc., pl 6/1. Synonyms. zmmaculata Skinner 1900: 3 Philadelphia. albosuffusa Freeman 1943: 3 Texas. B.M. .25 61522 Canada.\180°g¢150 2 U.S:Ajaae Mexico. 3a (1a). S$ upf no costal fold. Upf generally if the spot in space Ib is present, the spot in space 2 runs to vein 3, at least unf. 3b (6). Cilia not, or inconspicuously, chequered. Upf no spots in spaces 4 and 5. 3 (4a). Upf spotting complete and well marked: the spots in spaces 2 and 3 contiguous or conjoined: cell spot across the cell and a spot on the costa above it. Unh usually a whitish subtornal spot. ¢ F 18 mm. daunus Cramer 1777: 2 “Surinam’”’: pl 126 F. Fig Seitz. Synonyms. bathyllus Smith 1797: Georgia: figured. Fig Holland. Genitalia fig Lindsey, etc. ? syloson Mabille 1904: 2 Fr Guiana (? wrong label). B.M.. '6214:35:0 ADA. 4a (3). Upf spotting usually reduced: spots in 2 and 3 apart 4 (5). Cuiller of clasp slender, tip curved over and ending inwardly in a sharp point, rather as in drusius. Super- ficially difficult to separate from forms of mexicana: generally upf with a costal spot over the cell spot: unh more uniform, dark bands fainter, macular, and striation inconspicuous. ¢ F 16 mm. diversus Bell 1927: 3 California. Fig Wright, No. 472 as mexicana. Genitalia fig Lindsey, etc. B.M. 1 3 Oregon, Sissons. 7 3 6 2 California (Yosemite. Plumas Co.). 5 (4). Cuiller with a pointed tip and a broad serrate inner face, the ends of which are produced in confusis, slender 130 C.19. THORYBES and concave in nevada, similar but broader in dobra, straight or convex in mexicana. mexicana. 5 sub-species. (a). Large, ¢ F 20 mm. Very like pylades. Upf spot in space 1b usually present, but the spot in space 2 is either absent or a narrow streak across the space: often a costal spot over the cell spot, which is absent in the other sub-species. Unh dark and uniform. Sub-sp. corusis Bell 1932: ¢ Florida. Fig Holland. Genitalia fig Lindsey, etc. B.M. 1 3 Pennsylvania. 14 3 3 2 Florida. (b). Small, ¢ F 15 mm. Wings semi-transparent. Upf spotting generally complete, except for the lower part of the cell spot and the costal spot. Unh conspicuously striated and bands prominent, more uniform than. dobra and mexicana. Sub-sp. nevada Scudder 1872: Sierra Nevada, California. Fig Comstock: Holland: genitalia fig Lindsey, etc. Synonym. aemilia Skinner 1893: ¢ Oregon. Fig Hol- land: Wright fig 478. Boies ¢ 2 2 Califorma: 6) 472°2 Colorado” mg New Mexico, 2 3° 1° Utah. (c). Larger, 3 F 17mm. Like mexicana, but upf markings reduced, often to only the apical spots and an upper cell spot. Unh with an ochreous tinge, turning paler and becoming striated between the outer band and the termen. Cilia ochreous brown. Sub-sp. dobra nov: $ Fort Grant, Arizona. BM 18S 2 © Arizona. (d). ¢ F 17 mm. Upf markings more or less complete. Unh dark brown, outwardly whitened. Cilia whitish. Sub-sp. mexicana Herrich-Schaffer 1869: ? loc. Fig God- man & Salvin, ¢ and genitalia: Comstock, pl 58/1 & 2 = pylades: Seitz, pl 171b (very bad): Wright fig 472 = diversus: Holland from Mexican specimens: Lindsey, etc., genitalia. Synonym. ananius Plotz 1882=mexicana, thought invalid. B.M. 23 3 14 2 Mexico. (c). ¢ F 17 mm. Cuiller with a very broad straight face overlapping the valva. Wings more produced. Upf spots A.H.—I0 I31 C.2z0. CABARES complete, except for the spot in space 1b. Unh uniform brown, bands irregular and white-haired. Cilia incon- spicuously chequered light and dark brown. Sub-sp. ducia nov: g Panama: type B.M. B.M. Only the type. 6 (3b). Cilia conspicuously chequered. Upf with spots in spaces 4 and 5, and remainder of spotting complete, cell spot across the cell. Unh with the usual alternate dark brown bands on a lighter ground, tornal quarter paler in $. 3 F 23-25 mm. valeriana Pl6tz 1882: Mexico: copy of MS fig in B.M. Seitz’s copy of it, pl 170 e, is a caricature. Synonyms. valerius Godman MS 1907 = valeriana. mysie Dyar 1904: 2 Arizona, Patagonia Mts. Fig Seitz. Holland. uvydixa Dyar 1914: 3 Mexico. Fig Seitz. Possibly a sub-species. B.M. 3 2 Mexico (N. Sonora). ~€.20. CABARES Godman & Salvin 1894: type potrillo Lucas: fixed by author. Differs from Thorybes in wing shape and facies. H pro- duced at end of vein 4. Upf spots in spaces 1b and 2 approximate. Unh with dark bands. la (3). Upf spot in space 3, which is a dot, widely separated from the spot in space 2. t (2). Unh olive-brown with 2 dark bands. ¢ upf no costal fold. T’ermen F evenly convex. potrillo. 2 sub-species. (a). Upf markings conspicuous and complete. ¢ F 18 mm. Sub-sp. potrillo Lucas 1857: Cuba. Fig G & S, 3 and genitalia: Seitz. Synonym. paterculus Herrich-Schaffer 1868: Cuba. Fig in Seitz is of Quadrus zera. B.M. 28 g 13 2 Mexico. 4 ¢ 4 2 Guatemala. 4g 1 9 Honduras. 3 ¢ 2 2 Costa Rica. 1 g Salvador. 6 g 2 9 Cuba. 2 ¢ Jamaica. 17 § 2 2 Haiti. 1 ¢ “Bolivia”. 132 C.20. CABARES (b). Upf markings more or less reduced: darker. 3 F 17 mm. Sub-sp. reducta Mabille & Bouilet 1917: Venezuela. BV > a2 ‘Colombialy mpg ia G1 Venezuela. 4 S12 Trinidad. 2 ¢ 1 9 Panama. 2 (1). Unh very variegated: basal quarter whitish brown, with a small dark spot near base of space 7: remainder of wing light ferruginous with 2 irregular dark ferruginous bands. Upf cell spot continued to costa by a whitish, brown powdered spot: discal dots in spaces 3 and 5: apical spots in spaces 6 to 9g. 9 F 21 mm.: wings more produced and termen straight. elaites Hewitson 1867: 2 Minas Geraes: type B.M. B.M. Only the type, without antennae. 3 (1a). Upf spot in space 3 as wide as the spot in space 2 and placed immediately above it: spot in space rb just detached, nearer termen: cell spot rectangular and a double dot on the costa above it: 3 apical spots in spaces 6 to 8. Unh two angled dark bands on a grey powdered brown ground: outer band darker in centre and at each end. ¢ with costal fold. Wings produced, costa F straight. Cilia chequered. 3 F 16 mm. rinta nov: 3 ‘Tucuman, Argentine: J. Steinbach: type B.M. B.M. Only the type, without antennae or palpi. oo Group D. CELAENORRHINUS ANALYSIS OF GENERA This is the last group of the first section of the Pyrginae, with a long forewing cell and erect palpi. The palpi are not divergent as in the Augiades group and the wings are believed to be always flat in repose, not erect or erectile as in the Urbanus group. Antennae generally half as long as the costa F, shorter in Porphyrogenes. Apiculus very long in Bungalotis, half as long as the shaft. In Ablepsis and some species of Por- phyrogenes the club is very slender, hardly thicker than the shaft. In Celaenorrhinus the club is short, stout and obtuse. _ Palpi abnormal in the Bungalotis sub-group: second and third segments very stout and the third segment not pro- truding or pointed. As in the Urbanus group for the rest. Legs normal: very shaggy in Bungalotis. F venation similar to the Urbanus group, except that veins 7 and 8 tend to be approximate, particularly in Nascus, instead of veins 6 and 7 being ahr as in the Urbanus roup. : H vein 5 is usually well marked: vein 1A is very short in Bungalotis, but as long as vein 8 in Celaenorrhinus. ‘The tornus is generally produced, less so in females: there is no tail or lobe, except in Cephise. ‘The wing is quadrate and not produced at the tornus in Celaenorrhinus. Secondary sexual characters. Usually a costal fold upf. Tibial hair tufts, of a recumbent nature in Cephise: erectile and entering a thoracic pouch in the last 2 genera. Hair tufts upf in Porphyrogenes, correlated to a polished area unf. Specialised scales and more or less developed hair tufts near the base of the abdominal fold unh. Characters in the abdominal fold unh in Nascus and Ablepsis. Facies various. Sexual dimorphism is an outstanding feature in the Bungalotis and Nascus sub-groups. 134 GROUP D. CELAENORRHINUS The group is distributed throughout the tropical regions of the world. ‘The Bungalotis sub-group appear to be related to the genera Capila of the Oriental region and Chaetocneme of the Papuan region, while Celaenorrhinus is the only tropical genus occurring unchanged in America, Africa and the Oriental region. la (5a). Palpi, 3rd segment short, stout, round-ended, not protruding above clothing of 2nd segment, which is stout, quadrantic. Antennae = $ costa. Legs shaggy. Bungalotis Sub-group. tb (4). Antennae bent at beginning of nudum. I (2a). Antennae constricted at beginning of nudum, which is very long, 33 segments. ¢ with a costal fold. Bungalotis. 7 species. Mexico—S. Brazil. 2a (1). Antennae not constricted before apiculus. 2 (3). Antennae barely thickened at beginning of apiculus: nudum 24. Typically H not produced nor lobed: vein 1A is > abdomen, but < vein 8. Usually with a costal fold. Salatis nov: type Papilio salatis Stoll. 7 species. Nicaragua —S. Brazil. 3 (2). Antennae conspicuously thickened at beginning of apiculus: nudum 29. H produced at tornus and lobed: vein 1A = abdomen and > vein 8. ¢ with costal fold. Sarmientoia. 3 species. Columbia—Argentine. 4 (1b). Antennae angled well after beginning of nudum, which usually has 12 segments on the club and 23 on the apiculus. H produced, but not lobed. 3 with a costal fold. Dyscophellus. 9 species. Mexico—Paraguay. 5a (1a). Palpi 3rd segment stout, conical, bluntly pointed, protruding above clothing of 2nd segment, which is cylindrical. 5b (7a. 10a). Antennae bent to apiculus beyond the thickest part of the club, which is well formed: apiculus shorter than club. ¢ with long costal fold. 135 GROUP D. CELAENORRHINUS Nascus Sub-group 5 (6). H produced, but not lobed. ¢ unh vein rb in a deep groove to mid wing, where there is a small tuft on the costal side of the groove. F always with 4 apical spots in spaces 6 tog. Uncus tapered, undivided. Nudum 9/17. Nascus. 6 species. Mexico—Paraguay. 6 (5). H strongly lobed at tornus. 3 with a recumbent hair tuft on the hind tibiae. Uncus very broad-ended and furnished at back with a tuft of snow-white hairs. F only 3 apical spots, in spaces 6 to 8. Nudum 4/20. Cephise nov: type Gonwurus cephise Herrich-Schaffer. I species. Honduras—Paraguay. 7a (5b. 10a). Antennae arcuate or hooked, bent about the thickest part of the club, which is generally long and slender: nudum 23 to 25 segments. Porphyrogenes Sub-group 7b (g). Antennae < 4 costa. F without apical spots. 3 generally with a costal fold: uph with a hair tuft above cell, correlated to a polished area unf. 7 (8). F apex not truncate. Sexes dimorphic. Porphyrogenes. 14 species. Costa Rica—Bolivia. 8 (7). F apex truncate. Sexes alike. Ocyba. 1 species. Mexico—Amazons. 9 (7b). Antennae at least = } costa. F with apical and discal hyaline spots. Sexes alike. ¢ no costal fold: unh the basal part of the abdominal fold contains specialised scales covered by an erectile hair tuft. Ablepsis. 4 species. Columbia—S. Brazil. 10a (5b.7a). Antennae obtuse from beginning of the stout club: length = § costa. ¢ hind tibiae with a hair pencil fitting into a pouch at the end of the thorax, a frequent feature in the subsequent groups of the Pyrginae: no costal fold. 136 D.1. BUNGALOTIS Celaenorrhinus Sub-group to (11). H produced in 3. Nudum 18 segments. Orneates. 2 species. Costa Rica—Amazons. ‘Il (10). H not produced at tornus: quadrate, broadly angled mid termen: dorsum = costa. Celaenorrhinus. 14 species. Mexico—Argentine. The creation of the two new genera, Salatis and Cephise, appears to be justified on the characters specified. Porphyrogenes does not seem to be a satisfactory genus, but no basis for separating the females has been found. The yellow banded species included in Celaenorrhinus have been hitherto placed in the genus Ancistrocampta and in America their separation from Celaenorrhinus could very well be justified because of the longer antennae and the more basal position of the origin of vein 3 F. But both in Africa and in the Oriental region there are yellow banded as well as white spotted species. In Africa there is no structural difference. In the Oriental region yellow marked species (banded or spotted) have the venational but not the antennal difference. For uniformity it 1s considered preferable to place the yellow banded American species in the genus Celaenorrhinus. ANALYSIS OF SPECIES D.|. BUNGALOTIS Watson 1893: type midas Cramer: fixed by author. | Distinguished by the very long antennal apiculus, which is constricted at its commencement and whereon lies the entire nudum of 33 segments. ¢ always with a costal fold. Tibiae densely fringed. Uncus generally broad: gnathos well formed and bifid into two pads: clasp furnished with a style. A compact genus. la (3a). 2 uph and upf with conspicuous hyaline spots of the “‘sebaldus’’ type; central spots upf widely separated. 137 D.1. BUNGALOTIS Below cheeks white as well as the inner half of the first segment of the palpi. I (2). g with hyaline spots as in the 2. Antennal shaft inwardly white, a unique feature. Cilia H conspicuously chequered. Upf with 3 conspicuous hyaline spots in spaces 6, 7 and 8: dot in space 4 often present, none in space5.26°F 31 mm.: 2 38 mm. erythus Cramer 1775: 2 Surinam: figured. Fig Seitz d. Synonym. muretus Fabricius 1793: Indies: figured Jones Icones. B.M 164292 Honduras. 2 2 Nicaragua. 4 3 Colombia. 2,6 19 Fr Guiana. 16 Br Guiana. 13 ¢ 377200 1 ¢ Maranham. 2 (1). ¢ without hyaline spots: above brownish ochreous, exactly resembling Dyscophellus erythras 3, except that the dark markings are fainter or absent above, and below, they are whiter. The 9 resembles the 9 of erythras, but is browner, like erythus, while the apical spots are smaller and are continued into spaces 5 and 4. ‘The antennae are as for the genus generally: $ brown above, ochreous below, slightly whitened at the point of constriction for the apiculus: 2 ochreous, conspicuously ringed white or pale yellow before the apiculus. ¢ F 25 mm.: 2 27 mm. diophorus Moschler 1882: 3 Surinam. This is not the wrongly spelt diaphorus of Mabille & Boullet 1912, which pertains to Dyscophellus. B.M. 2 3 Fr Guiana. 3 5 5 2 Para. 1 g¢ Pernambuco. 1.6.12 Brazil. 3a (1a). 2 uph unmarked: upf central hyaline markings as a band from space rb to cell, with a detached, but approxi- mate, spot in space 3. ¢ tawny with dark markings, no hyaline spots. 3b (5a). ¢ uph the dark brown costa brilliantly shot blue in aside-light. 2 upf apical spots feebly developed or absent. 3 (4). 2 below, cheeks and inner half of first segment of palpi white. $ above, dark markings narrow: unf dark post-discal band reaches space 1b. 2 unh, dark markings narrow and separated into spots. 3 F 30 mm.: 2 36 mm. 138 D.1. BUNGALOTIS midas Cramer 1775: S$ Surinam: figured. The figures in Seitz are of astylos. Genitalia fig G & 5, but the style of the clasp has been omitted in the figure. Synonyms. rhetus Fabricius 1781: g Surinam: a homo- nym. corentinus Plétz 1882: 3 Surinam. adrastor Mabille & Boullet 1912 : 2 S. America: figured. Fig Seitz. An aberration without the spot in space 3 upf. B.M. 12 Mexico. 10 ¢ 3 2 Honduras. 2 3 3 2 Venezuela. 1g 12 Trinidad. 1 $ 42 Br Guiana. 1 g 1 2 Surinam. 10 ¢ 62 Fr Guiana. 3 5 1 Peru (Chanchamayo. Ama- zonas, Carabaya). 1 3 Bolivia (Salampiona). 2 3 1 2 Up Amazons (Tapajos). 1 g¢ 1 2 Para. 1 ¢ Maranham. 1 ¢g Goyaz. 1 2 Pernambuco. 4 6 1 2 S. Brazil (Rio. Sao Paulo). 3 3 3 2 Paraguay. 4 (3). ¢ 2 below, cheek only white at base, remainder and whole of palpi tawny in g, brown in 9. ¢ above, dark markings broader and more pronounced: unf dark post- discal band not extending below vein 3. Unh dark markings large and confluent. ¢ F 32 mm.: 9 39 mm. astylos Cramer 1780: ¢ Surinam: figured. Fig in Seitz as midas. B.M. 1 $ Honduras. 1 ¢ Costa Rica. 1 § 1 9 Panama. 2er > Colombia. 4 5 2 9 Venezuela, 2°39 Trinidad: mee oe br Guiana. 2.6 2 9 Fr Guiana 2 4 Eeundor. 73 52 Peru (Amazones. Carabaya. Chanchamayo. Ren- tema Falls). 1 g¢ 1 2 Up Amazons (Ega). 11 g 11 2 Para and Manaos. 1 $ Matto Grosso. 103 4@ 5. Brazil (Rio. Petropolis). 5a (3b). 3 uph costa not shot blue. Below cheeks and part of palpi white as in muidas. 5 (6a). 3 upf dark bar in cell broad and conjoined to the inner edge of the dark discal spot in space 2: otherwise as quadratum, but wings more produced. 2 as midas, but upf with 3 well-marked apical spots and 2 spots in space tb: unf dorsum whitish, but termen beyond the spots in space 1b dark brown instead of white as in midas: unh spots grey. 3 F 28 mm.: 2 33 mm. a D.1. BUNGALOTIS borax. 2 sub-species. (a). Above and below, 3 tawny red. Sub-sp. borax nov: 3 French Guiana: type B.M. B.M. 1 2 Br Guiana. 3 ¢ Fr Guiana. 1 ¢ 2 2 Amazons (Fonte Boa. Ega. Para). (b). 3 above, suffused dark brown, the tawny colour being confined to broad edges to the discal bands. Sub-sp. lactos nov: ¢ Peru, Chanchamayo: es B.M. B.M. Only the type. 6a (5). 3d upf dark bar in cell widely separated from the spot in space 2. 6 (7). Unh the dark markings broad and confluent. 2 upf white band as in midas and borax, but there are no apical spots and the spot in space 3 is narrow and widely detached. Unh @ is readily recognisable by the large square black cell spot conjoined to the. spot in space tc. 3 F 25 mm. quadratum. 2 sub-species. (a). 3 above and below yellow, causing the dark markings to be very conspicuous: upf costa broadly dark brown. @ unh all markings black. Sub-sp. quadratum Sepp 1848: 3 Surinam: figured. Synonym. annulicornis Moéschler 1876: 2 ? loc. Fig Seitz. B.M. 1 ¢ 1 2 Honduras. 2 $ Colombia (Rio Dagua). 1 $ Br Guiana. 2 9 Surinam. (b). 3g above and below dark tawny. 2 unh the central spot in space Ic and the discal spots more or less grey scaled. 3 upf costa typically dark brown only below vein 7 near the termen, but often the dark area is more extensive. Sub-sp. barba nov: $ Para, bred by A. Miles Moss, May 1929: type B.M. B.M. 3 3 3 @ Fr Guiana. 1 $ Peru (Amazonas, Cavallo Cocha). 1 9 Santarem. 16 3. 14 9 Para. 7 (6). Unh spots small and separated. ¢ tawny, with well- marked spots as in quadratum, but smaller: uph costa broadly dark brown to vein 7 and cell spot conspicuous (faint in guadratum): unf browner to the pale yellowish 140 D.2. SALATIS dorsum, dark markings faint: unh dorsum yellowish, rest of wing outwardly brown up to the discal spots, which with the central spots are well marked; very regular and not pale centred. 9 very distinct. Above brownish tawny: narrow, regular, central hyaline band upf from space 1b to across cell (spot in space 2 outwardly excavate) and a lower hyaline (or dark) dot in space 1b: a detached dark dot in space 3 and a curved regular row of small dark apical spots in spaces 4 to 7 (upper two may be white centred). Uph dark markings faint or absent. Unf as upf but browner and dorsum pale brownish. Unh brown with spots as in the g: all the spots may be dark and somewhat suffused, but more usually the majority of the spots are whitish. ¢ F 24 mm.: 2 26 mm. clusia nov: ¢ Para, bred by A. Miles Moss, December 1938, on Clusia. B.M. 1 ¢ Br Guiana. 1 § Up Amazons (Fga). 11 g 11 9 Para. D.2. SALATIS Evans (page 135 ante): type salatis Stoll: fixed by author. Allied to Bungalotis, Sarmientoia and Dyscophellus, differ- ing in having the tornus H more rounded, vein 1A longer than the abdomen. The antenna is bent at the beginning of the nudum, where it is not constricted as in Bungalotis, nor thickened as in Sarmientoia, while in Dyscophellus it is bent well after the beginning of the nudum. Gnathos well developed and bifid as in Bungalotis. 3 with costal fold in first 3 species. la (6). Unh without broad pale submarginal markings. tb (4a). Below cheeks conspicuously white, palpi tawny. g above brownish tawny or brownish ochreous: upf clothed with long hairs, most developed in cebrenus. 9 dark brown with white hyaline spots. Wings broad in both sexes: apex F and tornus H not produced. 1c (3). ¢ upf normally with a single apical spot, in space 6, occasionally reduced to a black spot and occasionally there is a dot in space 7. I4I D.2. SALATIS 1 (2). 2 upf central hyaline spots in spaces rb, 2 and cell in line as a band: widely detached spot in space 3: uph with hyaline spots in spaces 2 and 3. ¢ upf no hyaline spots other than the spot in space 6: conspicuous dark marking in cell and on disc upf and uph. Unh small dark spots, usually grey centred. ¢ F 30 mm.: 2 34 mm. canalis Skinner 1920: $ Panama. B.M. 43 Panama. 1 9 Colombia. 2 2 Ecuador (Paramba). 2 (1). 2 upf white hyaline spots wide apart. ¢ varies from unmarked tawny above, with obscure dark markings to having as many hyaline spots as the 9, including 1 or 2 uph. Unh spots dark or grey. ¢ F 27 mm.: 2 30 mm. salatis Stoll 1782: $ Surinam: figured. Fig G & S ¢ geni- talia: 3 fig Seitz: Hayward 1948, 3 °. Synonyms. pelignus Hewitson 1867: 3 Rio: type B.M. gonatas Hewitson 1867: 2 Amazons: type B.M. sebrus Felder 1867: 3 Bahia: type B.M. Fig Seitz 3, Q. ophiuchus Plotz 1882: 3 Surinam. sapucayae Jorgensen 1935: 3 Paraguay. B.M. 1 2 Nicaragua. 1 9 Panama. 2 9 Colombia. 431 9 Trinidad. 1 g 1 9 Br Guiana. 1 2 Surinam. 7 ¢ 2 9 Fr Guiana. 4 ¢ 3 2 Up Amazons (Tapajos. Ega. St Paulo d’Olivenca. Cavallo Cocha). 6379 Para. 3 29 Maranham. 1 ¢ Bahia. 5 5 29S. Brazil (Rio. Petropolis. Espirito Santo. Theresopolis). 3 (1c). 3 upf with 2 or 3 conspicuous apical spots and discal spots in spaces 1b, 2 and 3. 2 upf central spots banded as canalis, but the spot in space 3 1s minute. ¢ F 25 mm: 2 30 mm. cebrenus Cramer 1777: 3 Surinam: figured. Fig Seitz. Synonyms. mutius Plotz 1882: 3 Colombia. gildo Mabille 1888: 3 Coary. B.M. 4352S. Brazil (Espirito Santo. Petropolis). 4a (1b). Below, cheeks and palpi tawny. 3 above, fulvous red. 4 (5). Upf with single apical spot. No costal fold upf, 3 above and below, with broad (2 mm.) brown border to both wings: upf with conspicuous hyaline spots in spaces 142 D.3. SARMIENTOIA 2, 3 and cell and there may be 2 dark or hyaline spots in space 1b: uph with the usual dark spots which are more conspicuous below. ? generally like 3, but the dark borders are absent: typically the spot in space 2 and the cell spot are conjoined, but a specimen from the Rio Faro has them widely separated, as has another specimen from Iquitos which is also peculiar in being brown instead of tawny. § F 25 mm. fulvius Plotz 1882: $ Cameta. Fig Seitz. B.M. 12 Fr Guiana. 2 ¢ Peru (Amazonas, Cavallo Cocha). 1g 2 2 Up Amazons (Villa Nova. Rio Faro. Iquitos). 2 ore 2 Para: 5 (4). ¢ Upf with apical spots in spaces 5 to 8 and hyaline spots in spaces 2 and 3: black spots in cell and space rb: outer half of wing browner. Uph black spots on disc and in cell, as usual and costa dark brown. Unh outer third darkened, black spots as usual, pale centred: $ F 24 mm. scyrus Bell 1934: ¢ Yumboto, Peru: genitalia figured. B.M. None. 6 (1a). Below with a broad grey submarginal band on both wings, divided by dark veins: unh a similar central band and 4 pale spots towards base. Above dark brown: upf with discal hyaline white spots in spaces 1b, 2 and 3 and 3 apical spots. Cilia of both wings yellow. Bred on Crrus. “6 F 23 mm. flavomarginatus Sepp 1848: Surinam: figured. B.M. None. D.3. SARMIENTOIA Berg 1897: type phaselis Hewitson: fixed by author as faustinus Burmeister, which is a sub- species of phaselis. Differs from Bungalotis in having the antennal apiculus conspicuously thickened after its commencement. Wings produced. ¢ with a costal fold. la (3). 3 2 Upf with hyaline spots. Antennae white ringed before apiculus. 143 D.3. SARMIENTOIA 1 (2). Upf with conspicuous hyaline spots in spaces 4 and 5. Cilia more or less conspicuously chequered. phaselis. 3 sub-species. (a). Above ochreous brown. Unh with white spots. 3 F 26 mm. Sub-sp. phaselis Hewitson 1867: 3 Brazil: type B.M. Synonym. coenosa Moschler 1878: 3 Venezuela. B.M. 4 3 3 2 Colombia. 9 3 62 Venezuela. 13 12 Peru . (Perene. La Merced). 4 3 1 9 Bahia. 2 g 4 2 Goyaz. - 36 12 Matto Grosso. (b). Above grey-brown. Unh with dark spots. 3 F 25 mm. Sub-sp. faustinus Burmeister 1878: 2 Argentine: figured. Fig Seitz as phaselis: Hayward 1948, 3 and genitalia. B.M. 1 3 Bolivia (Bueyes). 6 3 4 2 Matto Grosso (Chap- ada. Nivac). 1 2 Argentine (Tucuman). (c). Above grey-brown. Unh with white spots. 3 F 22 mm. Sub-sp. ocellata Hayward 1933: 3 Argentine: figured. Fig Hayward 1948, 3 and genitalia. B.M.1 412 Paraguay. 8 3 5 2 Argentine (Tucuman. La Rioja. Catamarca. Gran Chaco). 2 (1). Upf without hyaline spots (rarely dots) in spaces 4 and 5. Cilia not chequered. ¢ 9 dark brown. ¢ upf spots small; generally, upper spot in space 1b: 2 spots in space 2: marrow spot across space 3 and a similar widely separated spot across cell: apical spots in spaces 6 (nearer termen), 7 (often reduced) and 8 (in line with the preced- ing). 2 upf with a central band of large spots in spaces tb, 2 and cell, followed by a detached spot on the costa, which, unf, is conjoined to the cell spot: minute detached dot in space 3: 3 conspicuous apical spots. Unh with small grey spots, arranged as usual. ¢ F 26 mm. eriopis Hewitson 1867: ¢ Amazons: type B.M. Synonym. lucca Plotz 1882: 9 S. America. Fig Seitz. B.M. 2¢ Fr Guiana. 2g Surinam. 16 ¢ 15 9 Para. 3 (1a). ¢ upf without hyaline spots. Antennae not white before apiculus. Above dark ochreous brown: upf with the usual, rather obscure dark discal spots and cell spot, 144 D.4. DYSCOPHELLUS beyond which the wing is brown. Uph the dark discal spots and the cell spot well marked, costa broadly dark brown. Unf as upf: dark spots better marked: dorsum pale brown. Unh ochreous, turning brown beyond the discal spots, which, with the usual central and basal spots, are well marked, and some of them are grey centred. 3 F 30 mm. dinka nov: ¢ no loc: type B.M. B.M. Only the type. D.4. DYSCOPHELLUS Godman & Salvin 1893: type sebaldus Stoll: fixed by authors; to replace Dyscophus. Synonym. Dyscophus Burmeister 1878: type sebaldus Stoll. Homonym by Grandidier 1872. Distinguished from its allies, Bungalotis etc., by the club being bent to the apiculus well after the beginning of the nudum, and apiculus = the rest of the club. The antennae are whitish at the beginning of the nudum and the shaft is more or less chequered. Uncus slender, pointed: gnathos typically ill-developed. 3 always with a costal fold. Ja (4a). Upf without any trace of a sub-basal dark spot in space 1b. Gnathos developed but not bifid. I (2a). ¢ 9 above and below with insignificant small pale discal spots, some of which may be absent and some may be hyaline. ¢ F 30 mm. nicephorus Hewitson 1876: $ Amazons: type B.M. Fig in Seitz. Synonym. dexo Mabille 1888: $ Chiriqui: figured. Fig G &S, 3 ¢ and genitalia. B.M. 1 3 Mexico. 3 ¢ 3 2 Honduras. 1 ¢ Panama. 1 3 Fr Guiana. 1 g Peru (Amazonas). 1 ¢ Upper Amazons. 23392 Para. 1 g Maranham. 2a (1). 3 2 with hyaline spots upf, yellow in g, white in 9. 3 upf the costal fold peculiar, short and broad, covering a densely packed comb of rather long hairs. 2 (3). Cuiller of clasp slender, pointed: valva produced as a style. g upf the hyaline spots in spaces 2, 3 and cell 145 D.4. DYSCOPHELLUS large and crowded together: 2 conspicuous apical spots in spaces 6 and 7. 2 with the central spots variable, may be crowded together or widely separated: usually a small upper spot in space rb. phraxanor. 3 sub-species. (a). Redder than phraxanor and the discal spots larger: minute dots in spaces 4 and 5. Uph with a small hyaline spot in space 3. Back of cuiller of clasp strongly shouldered. g F 30 mm. Sub-sp. lama nov: ¢ Cayuga, Guatemala: March: Schaus and Barnes: type B.M. B.M. 1 3 Guatemala. 2 $¢ Honduras. (b). Back of cuiller not, or only faintly, shouldered. 3 F 30: mm.2. 2.32 Sub-sp. phraxanor Hewitson 1876: $ Colombia. Fig Seitz. Synonym. heras Mabille 1888: 3 Venezuela: figured. Fig G & S, 3 9, and ¢ genitalia. B.M. 1 9 Nicaragua. 2 5 1 2 Costa Rica. 6 3 1 9 Panama. 4 5 22 Colombia. 1 $ Ecuador (La Chima). (c). Large, ¢ F 38 mm.: 2 41 mm. ¢ upf spots large, as in Jama and with a spot in space 1b. 9 upf spots in space 2 and cell wide apart: spot in space 3 narrow and approximate to spot in space 2. Wings broad and less produced. Sub-sp. mena nov: ¢ Ecuador: type B.M. B.M. 1 3 1 2 Ecuador (ex coll Hewitson). 1 ¢ Ecuador (Zamora). 3 (2). Cuiller of clasp with a large, inwardly projecting process, which is conspicuously spined: valva not pro- duced to a style. Though the genitalia are so different, marian is superficially exactly like phraxanor mena and they fly together in Ecuador. 2 has the 3 central spots upf crowded together as in the ¢ and the spots are pale yellow. ¢ F 36 mm.: 2 40 mm. marian nov: 3 Zamora, Ecuador: 3,000-4,000 ft.: O. T. Barron. B.M. 2 3 Ecuador (Zamora). 1 ¢ Ecuador. 2 $ 2 2 Peru (Perene. El Porvenir. Ucayali). 1 ¢ Up Amazons (St Paulo d’Olivenca). 146 D.4. DYSCOPHELLUS 4a (1a). Upf with 2 more or less well marked dark spots (rarely pale centred) at the basal third of space 1b: a useful distinguishing feature for similar species in Bungalotis etc. 4 (5a). d upf with 3 large yellow central spots crowded together as in phraxanor and with 2 or 3 apical spots: dark or hyaline small discal spots in space 1b present or absent: wing brown beyond the discal spots. 2 upf the white central spots crowded together or separate: cell spot con- tinued to costa, a feature shared only with Sarmientoia erlopis in the Bungalotis group. Some variation in the shape of the cuiller: gnathos well developed as in the preceding species. ¢ costal fold longer than in phraxanor, but filled with shorter dense hairs and not, as in the rest of the group, with silvery scales and grey powder. 3 F 28 mm. euribates. 2 sub-species. (a). Uph without hyaline spots. Sub-sp. euribates Stoll 1782: 2 Surinam: figured. Fig Seitz 3 9 as hesus. Synonyms. nicias Fabricius 1787: $ Fr Guiana. hesus Westwood 1852: 3 Para: type B.M. ettas Hewitson 1867: 2 Amazons: type B.M. gaurus Plotz 1882: 3 Rio Negro. tychios Plotz 1882: 2 Bahia. B.M. 1 3 Costa Rica. 2 ¢ 2 2 Colombia. 4 3 Br Guiana. 36 Surinam. 105 62 Fr Guiana. 6 § Ecuador (Zamora). g S¢ Peru (Amazonas. Perene. Inambari. Ucayali. Ya- huarmayo). 5 ¢ Bolivia (Santa Cruz. San Jacinto. Fari- nas, La Paz. Buenavista). 14 ¢ 13 9 Up Amazons. 15 3 14 9 Para. 2 § Maranham. (b). Uph with hyaline spots in spaces 2, 3 and cell. Sub-sp. polygius Latreille 1824: 92 ? loc: type B. be Fig Mabille & Boullet 1912, 3 Q: Seitz 3 &. B.M. 53125. Brazil (Espirito Santo. Santos. Gircovailo). 5a (4). 3 upf without large central spots crowded together. Gnathos feebly developed. 5b (7a). 3g upf with at least a well marked hyaline cell spot. ¢ fulvous red, termen H angled at end of vein 2. 2 brown. 5 (6). ¢ 2 termen broadly brown beyond the discal spots A.H.—II 147 D.4. DYSCOPHELLUS upf and uph. Uph discal band regular. 2 upf spots in space 2 and cell with their inner edge in line. 3 F 27 mm. porcius. 2 sub-species. (a). 3g, the only hyaline spot is normally at the end of the cell F and H: latter sometimes absent and upf some of the dark spots may have minute pale centres. Sub-sp. porcius Felder 1862: 3 Brazil: type B.M. Fig G&S, genitalia as doriscus: Hayward 1948, 3 2 and genitalia. B.M. 1 $ Costa Rica. 5 ¢ 4 2 Panama. 20 3 Colombia. 3612 Fr Guiana. 4 9 Surinam. 32 $ Peru (Chancha- mayo. Perene. Pozuzo. Inambari. Rentema Falls). 8 3 Bolivia (Cochabamba. Salampioni. Farinas). 5 ¢ Up Amazons (Iquitos. Pebas. St Paulo d’Olivenca). 29 19 Para. 2 $ Pernambuco. 8 ¢ 1 2 Matto Grosso. (b). $ upf usually with a single or double hyaline spot in space 2 and often with well marked spots in spaces 1b, 3 and at apex. Sub-sp. doriscus Hewitson 1867: 2 Rio: figured by West- wood 1852 as sebaldus: type B.M. Synonym. coecutiens Herrich-Schaffer 1869: 3 no loc: type B.M. B.M. 11 g 1 2S. Brazil (Rio. Parana. Espirito Santo). 2 $ Paraguay. 6 (5). 3d 2 above termen concolorous with rest of wings. Uph discal spots irregular, centres of spots in spaces 2, 3, 4 and 5 not in line. $ upf with 3 widely separated central spots in spaces 2, 3 and cell: inner and outer double dark spot in space 1b: apical spots faint, but may be hyaline: uph with a large hyaline cell spot and the discal spots more or less hyaline. Q similar to 3, but most of the spots are hyaline and larger: below, the discal spots are outwardly edged by a violet band followed by a brown band and then, up to the termen, by a broader band of the ground colour. 3 F 26 mm.: 2 33 mm. sebaldus Stoll 1781: 2 Surinam: figured. Fig Seitz. Synonym. cramer Latreille 1824, to replace sebaldus, wrongly believed to be a homonym. B.M. 1 3 Venezuela. 1 ¢ 4 29 Fr Guiana. 2 2 Surinam. 1 ¢ Up Amazons (Pebas). 10 3 11 Q Para. 148 D.4. DYSCOPHELLUS 7a (5b). 3g upf without a conspicuous hyaline cell spot. 7 (8a). Uph discal spots irregular as in sebaldus. 3 9 fulvous red: 3 with small dark markings: 2 with large hyaline spots resembling sebaldus, but without the violet and brown borders beyond the discal spots, below. 3 F 23 mm.: 9 26 mm. erythras Mabille 1888: 3 Amazons: figured, but the figure of the 9 is of a $ of Bungalotis sebrus. Synonym. tarquinius Bell 1940: $ Ucayali: genitalia figured. B.M.1 4 Fr. Guiana. 1 2 Surinam. 1 ¢ Bolivia (Mapiri). 6 3 5 2 Up Amazons (Tapajos. Ega. Villa Nova. Teffe). be eo eara, ing Brazil 8a (7). Uph the discal spots regular, centres in line. 2 upf spots in spaces rb, 2 and cell with their centres not in line. 8 (9). 3 uph at the costa, with a conspicuous black spot at the extreme base of space 8 followed by a broad shining white area for about half-way to the apex. ¢ above fulvous red with small dark spots as usual, which may be grey centred unh. 2 above reddish brown, marked as in porcius 2, but the central spots are widely separated. ¢ @ cilia comparatively conspicuously chequered. ¢ F 26 mm.: 2/45 mm. diaphorus Mabille & Boullet 1912: $ Surinam: figured. Fig. Seitz. B.M. 2 2 Colombia (Muzo, Rio Negro). 1 ¢ Fr Guiana. 1g Up Putumayo, Florida. 2 ¢ 1 2 Para. 9 (8). 3 uph costa black with a narrow whitish stripe over and against vein 8 from base to apex. $ much browner: 2 brown. ramusis. 4 sub-species. (a). 3 reddish brown. H termen curved, angled at end of vein 2. 2 upf with a prominent hyaline cell spot, spots in spaces 2 and 3, and 3 apical spots: like dzaphorus, but no reddish tinge. Cuiller of clasp tapered. 3 F 26 mm.: 2 29 mm. Sub-sp. ramon nov: ¢ Bugaba, Panama: type B.M.: fig G & S, 3 and genitalia as ramusis. Fig Seitz as ramusis. B.M. 136 2 2 Honduras. 3 ¢ Panama. 1 ¢ “‘Peru’”’. 149 D.5. NASCUS (b). g ochreous brown. 2 without hyaline apical spots. ¢ wings produced, termen H straight and angled at end of vein 2. Cuiller of clasp broad ended and variable. 3 F 26 mm.: 2 30 mm. Sub-sp. astrapaeus Hewitson 1876: 2 Villa Nova, Para: type B.M. Fig G&S, 2 as ramusis. Synonym. ? porsena Bell 1934: 3 Peru: genitalia figured. B.M. 22 Trinidad. 2 ¢ Br Guiana. 2 ¢ 1 2 Fr Guiana. 1 g¢ Ecuador (Paramba). 8 ¢ 11 2 Lower Amazons. (c). Similar, but larger, ¢ F 30 mm.: 2 35 mm. Wings broad: H termen rounded, not angled at end of vein 2. Sub-sp. ramusis Stoll 1781: 2 Surinam: figured. G & S and Seitz figures of ¢ = ramon: of 2 = astrapaeus. B.M. 2 2 Colombia. 1 ¢ Ecuador (Zamora). 25 ¢ 5 9 Peru (Chanchamayo. Huancabamba. ‘Tarapote. Inam- bari). 43 1 2 Bolivia. 3 g 2 2 Up Amazons (Ega. Pebas. Tapajos). (c). Like astrapaeus but paler, wing shape of ramon. Cuiller at end broader and divided, due to the inner edge not being folded over as in ramusis and astrapaeus. 3 F 25 mm.: 2 30 mm. Sub-sp. damias Pl6tz 1882: 3 Brazil. B.M. 5 3 1 2S. Brazil (Espirito Santo. ‘Theresopolis. Panama). 4 5 1 2 Paraguay. D.5. NASCUS Watson 1893: type phocus Cramer: fixed by author. As here restricted the genus is compact and is characterised by the 4 (or more) apical spots upf in spaces 6, 7,8 andg. The 3 always has a costal fold and unh vein 1b is grooved from the base to mid wing in a channel between vein 1a and mid space 1b, and at the end of the groove there is a short overlying hair tuft from the inner edge of the channel. The tibiae are fringed, more densely in the 3 than in the 9. la (3a). Upf the spot in space g conspicuously shifted in, out of line with the rest. 1 (2). Upf spots in spaces 7, 8, 9 separate and equidistant. 3 2 upf central spots in spaces 2, 3 and cell wide apart. 150 D.s5. NASCUS ° unh outer half of wing solid dark brown. 3 2 uph tawny, except in a 9 from Fr Guiana, which is plain brown. 6 f.29;mm.: 2 35 mm. phintias Schaus 1913: ¢ Costa Rica. 9 fig G & S, plate 112/11.12 as phocus var. Fig by Hayward 1948 is of phocus. Synonym. mackeyt Williams 1933: gd C. America: figured 3 9. B.M. 3 2 Panama. 1 9 Ecuador (Zamora). 1 g 1 9 Fr Guiana. 3 ¢ Peru (Chanchamayo. Ucayali). 2 (1). Upf spots in spaces 7, 8, approximate or overlapping, well separated from the spot in space 9. ¢ upf central spots crowded together and overlapping: in 2 wide apart. 2 unh always signs on the dark brown border, of the ochreous edging to the discal band, which is separated from the dark border in the 3. $ 2 uph varying from brown to tawny. ¢ F 27 mm.: 2 30 mm. phocus Cramer 1777: § Surinam: figured. Fig Seitz: G & S, genitalia: Williams 1933: Hayward 1948, 3 as phocus, ? as phintias, genitalia. Synonyms. morpheus Stoll 1782: $ Surinam: figured. decemmaculata Sepp 1848: 3 Surinam: figured. pherenice Hewitson 1867: 2 Brazil: type B.M. dianina P\étz 1882: 2 S. America: copy of MS fig in B.M. B.M. 1 S$ Guatemala. 7 g 7 9 Honduras. 1 3 1 2 Costa Rica. 1 5 42 Panama. 2 $ Colombia. 2 $ 2 2 Trinidad. 5332 Fr Guiana. 3 5 2 2 Br Guiana. 6 3 4 2.Ecuador (Zamora. /Ouito.. Cachabe). 6 3 2 2 Peru (La Merced: Chanchamayo. Rio Colorado. Ucayali). 1g 1 9 Bolivia (Buenavista). 3 ¢ 2 2 Up Amazons (Iquitos. Tapajos. St Paulo d’Olivenca. Up Putumayo. Santarem). 7 3 7 2 Para. 163 69S. Brazil (Parana. Santa Catharina. Sado Paulo. Espirito Santo). 7 3 3 2 Paraguay. ; 3a (1a). Upf spot in space g in line with the other apical spots. ¢ upf with the central spots crowded together: 2 with a central white hyaline band from space rb to cell, and an insignificant separated dot in space 3. 3b (5a). Palpi and cheeks white, below, as in the first 2 species. Large, ¢ F 30 mm.: 2? 35 mm. ? a D.s. NASCUS 3 (4). ¢ upf with a hyaline spot mid costa over the cell spot: 2 unh outer half solid dark brown. solon. 2 sub-species. (a). gS unh outer half solid dark brown as in 9. 2 upf generally with 4 apical spots. Sub-sp. corilla nov: ¢ Venezuela: type B.M. (of cepzo). Synonym. cepio Butler 1870: 3 Venezuela: type B.M.: homonym of caepio Herrich-Schaffer. B.M. 1319 Mexico. 13 72 Honduras. 1 3 2 2 Colom- bia. 1g 1 2 Venezuela. (b). g unh outer brown area divided into a discal and a submarginal band. 92 usually with an additional apical spot in space 5. Sub-sp. solon Pl6tz 1882: g¢ S. America. B.M. 1612 Fr Guiana. 23 5 2 Amazons (Pebas. Nauta. Iquitos. Para). 1 g Ecuador (La Chima). 1 g 1 Q Peru (Chanchamayo. Tarapote). 4 (3). 3 upf no hyaline spot mid costa. 2 unh outer half dark brown with traces at the tornus of the discal band of the ¢ (except in Ecuador, whence specimens with 4 apical spots have been assigned to broteas and those with 5 to solon). broteas Cramer 1780: 2 Surinam: figured. The fig in Seitz is of solon corilla. Synonyms. eous Méschler 1878: 3 Venezuela. eugamon Godman & Salvin 1893: ¢ Panama: type B.M.: figured. B.M. 2 ¢ Panama. 1 $ Colombia. 1 ¢ 2 2 Venezuela. 16292 Trinidad. 3 ¢ 49 Fr Guiana. 2 ¢ 2 2 Ecuador (La Chima. Paramba). 1 3 Peru (Amazonas). 2 2 Up Amazons (Ega. St Paulo d’Olivenca). 10 g 11 Q Para. 3 Q Espirito Santo, S. Brazil. 1 $ Paraguay. 5a (3b). Palpi and cheeks, below, yellow or yellowish white. Comparatively small, ¢ F 23 mm.: 2 25 mm. 5 (6). 3 upf with a conspicuous spot mid costa over the cell spot. ‘Tegumen without side processes. paulliniae Sepp 1848: $ Surinam: figured. 152 D.6. CEPHISE Synonyms. caepio Herrich-Schaffer 1869: $ ? loc. Type fig by Mabille & Vuillot. Fig G&S. cephisus Hewitson 1876: 2 Chiriqui. gizala Moschler 1878: 2 Colombia. Fig Seitz. nucula Mabille 1883: $ French Guiana. evathlus Mabille 1888: 9 Chiriqui. Fig G & 5. mermeros Mabille & Boullet 1912: 3 Brazil. B.M. 13 Guatemala. 1g 1 9 Honduras. 44 1 2 Panama. 2g 12 Colombia. 3° 6° Venezuela, 2/5) 2 9 Trinidad. 245 29 Br Guiana. 1 ¢ Surinam. 3 ¢ Fr Guiana. 3 ¢ Ecuador. 2 g 1 2 Peru (Yahua. Cavallo Cocha). Bolivia (Buenavista). 3 ¢ 4 2 Amazons (Ega. St Paulo d’Olivenca. Santarem). 25 29 Para. 1 ¢ Bahia. 1319 Maranham. 2 ¢ 2 2 Brazil (Rio. Tiyuco). 6 (5). S$ upf no spot mid costa over the cell spot: spots nearly white and smaller: ground colour browner: uph no trace of dark bands and unh markings fainter. ? exactly like paulliniae, but unh the submarginal dark band much more sharply defined. ‘Tegumen with pointed side processes as in broteas. prax nov: ¢ Para: Sept 1940: bred by A. Miles Moss on Trichiha furcata: type B.M. B.M. 8 6 @ Para. D.6. CEPHISE Evans (p. 136 ante): type cephise Herrich- Schaffer: fixed by author. The systematic position of this genus is doubtful. The elongate wings and the conspicuous tornal lobe H indicate affinity with Chrysoplectrum in the Urbanus group, while the broad costa points to Achalarus. But the genitalia are not of the Urbanus type: the very broad-ended uncus with a snow-white dorsal tuft is peculiar. The proximity of veins 7 and 8 F rather than of veins 6 and 7 point to the Celaenor- rhinus group near Nascus and there is a similar sexual difference, F spots yellow in 3, white in 2, though not differing in size or disposition. The position in repose is unknown. ¢ upf with an unusually long costal fold, reaching to beyond the discal spots. Clasp with a slender style. 153 D.7. PORPHYROGENES Single species. § F 20-22 mm. cephise. 2 sub-species. (a). Cuiller of clasp long, narrow, straight: a 3 from Para is intermediate to hydarnes. 3 2 spot in space 1b against the outer edge of the spot in space 2. Sub-sp. cephise Herrich-Schaffer 1869: ? loc (agrees with specimen from Panama): type B.M. Fig Seitz. Synonyms. zopyrus Plétz 1881: 2 Surinam. Fig Seitz. injuncta Plétz MS 1882 = cephise. glarus Mabille 1888: $ Amazons: figured. orita Schaus 1902: 9 Peru. B.M. 1 @ Honduras. 2 $¢ Panama. 1 ¢ Fr Guiana. 1 2 Surinam. 1 g Upper Amazons (St Paulo d’Olivenca). 6.33.9 Para, ai itenador, 11 ¢uPeru: (b). Cuiller of clasp broad and irregular. 2 upf spot in space Ib with its upper edge exactly against the lower edge of the spot in space 2. Sub-sp. hydarnes Mabille 1876: 2 Brazil: type B.M. Fig Hayward 1948, 3 and genitalia. Synonyms. maneros Mabille 1888: 2 Brazil. Placed by Mabille & Vuillot 1891 as a synonym of Nascus caepio Herrich-Schaffer, but the original description is con- sidered to apply to hydarnes 9. orima Schaus 1902: 3 Petropolis. B.M. 1 ¢ Matto Grosso. 5 2 S. Brazil (Rio. Sao Paulo. Blumenau). 2 3 Paraguay. D.7. PORPHYROGENES Watson 1893: type passalus Herrich-Schaffer: fixed by author as omphale Butler, which is a sub-species of passalus. Synonym. Physalea Mabille 1903: type vulpecula Plotz: sole species included. Though the type males of these two genera may seem generically different, if both sexes of the species listed below are examined, it will be seen that there is no basis for generic separation. The genus is characterised by the short antennae, < $ costa; the long apiculus; the absence of apical spots upf; sexual dimorphism: the multiplicity of secondary sexual 154 D.7. PORPHYROGENES characters: similarity of the genitalia. All the species except the last have a costal fold. la (ga). Large, ¢ F > 20 mm. 1b (6a). H termen convex, origin of vein 6 nearer to the origin of vein 7 than to the origin of vein 4. 1c (4a). H origins of veins 2 and 7 opposite: cell > 4 wing. I (2. 3). ¢ above, black with a purple flush, unmarked, cilia conspicuously white: below deep purple brown, unmarked. Above, head, and below, palpi, pectus and legs orange. Antennae above chequered orange and black: below black. ¢ uph an ochreous brown costal hair tuft from the base of space 7: a dense brown dorsal tuft in space 1b. 3S unf vein 1 acutely bisinuate and dorsum convex: vein 1 before its middle bared of scales, slightly swollen and surrounded bya grey speculum: unh the wing folded over under the dorsal hair tuft uph and streaked with orange scales on the edge of the fold. ¢ F 24 mm. stupa nov: ¢ no loc.: type B.M. B.M. Only the type. 2 (1. 3). g above and below dark brown with the base F and the tornal half H shining blue: a hyaline orange band upf from mid costa to near termen in space tb. Q above dark brown, bases shining dark greenish blue: unf dark brown: unh greenish brown, sparsely overlaid with grey scales: upf with a macular white band placed as in the 3. Secondary sexual characters as in stupa, but the dorsal tuft uph is less conspicuous and unh the wing is not modified. passalus. 2 sub-species. (a). Smaller, ¢ F 21 mm.: orange band upf wider, 2m, even and compact. Sub-sp. omphale Butler 1871: ¢ Venezuela: type BM. Fig Butler 1874. B.M. 2 Venezuela. 1 2? Colombia. (b). Larger, ¢ F 24 mm.: band narrow, 14 mm., more irregular and tapering towards termen. Sub-sp. passalus Herrich-Schaffer 1869: 2 ? loc. MS fig of type in B.M. ¢ fig in Seitz as omphale. Sy) D.7. PORPHYROGENES B.M. 1 3 British Guiana. 2 3 2 2 Bolivia (La Paz. Buenavista). 73 Up Amazons (Ega. St Paulo d’Olivenca. Pebas. Manaos). 3 ¢ Para. 3 (1. 2). ¢ above, tawny brown, unmarked except for some faint discal spots uph: below, copper brown, unmarked: palpi, pectus and legs orange. 2 brown with bluish bases: upf with conspicuous rounded hyaline white spots in spaces 2 and 3. ¢ upf with a double costal brown hair tuft: the lower erectile tuft arising from base of radius: the upper recumbent tuft from near the base of space 7: costa dark brown, broadly. Uph an erect dorsal fringe in space 1b of the ground colour. Unf vein 1 is bisinuate, but the dorsum is nearly straight: central quarter of vein 1 is bare and swollen, and is surrounded by a cloudy speculum. ¢ F 24 mm.:2 27mm. The name is based on the 2 which has not been examined: whether the ¢ has been correctly assigned is uncertain. sororcula -Mabille & Boullet 1912: 2 French Guiana: figured. B.M. 1 ¢ Fr Guiana. 4a (1c). H vein 2 arising well before vein 7. Cell = } wing. 4 (5). d 2 upf with 2 widely separated hyaline spots in spaces 2 and 3, quadrate in 3, the spot in space 2 elongate in 2. Above basal areas tawny in 3, bluish in Q, with dark discal spots uph. ‘The B.M. have a 2 which is plain dark brown, unmarked except for the large hyaline spots upf. é62F 26mm. ¢ not examined. probus Moéschler 1876: 3 Surinam: figured. 3 9 Fig Seitz. B.M. 1 9 Costa Rica. Fig by Hayward 1940 = Thracides sctpio Fabricius 9. 5 (4). 3 similar to sororcula. 2 similar to passalus, but the blue areas duller. g secondary sexual characters as in sororcula, but unf the bared portion of vein 1 is longer and seems to be doubled, like 2 parallel veins, and the speculum is larger. Below palpi, pectus and legs orange. vulpecula. 2 sub-species. (a). Smaller, ¢ F 22 mm., 2? 25 mm.: ¢ brighter. 156 D.7. PORPHYROGENES Sub-sp. vulpecula Pl6tz 1882: ¢ S. America. Fig Seitz. Synonym. eudemus Mabille 1888: 2 Chiriqui: figured. B.M. 1 2 Colombia. 1 ¢ Venezuela. 1 g Fr Guiana. 1g 12 Para. 1 $ Up Amazons (Iquitos). 3 5 Paraguay. (b). Larger, ¢ F 26 mm., 2 30 mm.: ¢ darker. Sub-sp. immaculata Skinner 1920: ¢ Chanchamayo, Peru. B.M. 3 3 Peru (Chanchamayo. Rio Colorado. Hilla- pani). 1 2 Bolivia (Santa Cruz). 6a (1b). H termen straight, origin of vein 6 mid origins of veins 7 and 4. 6 (7a). ¢ H origin of vein 7 nearer end cell than base: vein 2 arising just before vein 7. 3 above like vulpecula, but browner: uph with comparatively conspicuous dark spots, sometimes traceable upf. Below chocolate: palpi and pectus brown, tibiae orange: unf apex with a pale brown tip: unh with a continuous dark discal band. Cilia outwardly grey. Secondary sexual characters as in soror- cula. § F 26 mm. suva nov: ¢ La Merced, Peru: type B.M. Genitalia fig by Lindsey 1925 as vulpecula. Piers ¢ ia Merced, Peru. 7a (6). H vein 7 mid base and end of cell, arising well before vein 2. 3 F 26 mm. 7 (8). 3 secondary sexual characters as in sororcula. Above tawny brown, no black spots. 2 brown, hyaline band as in vulpecula, but no blue colouring: below palpi and pectus brown. zohra. 2 sub-species. (a). Bright uniform tawny brown, above: below choco- late; apex unf may be tipped pale brown. 2 unh purple brown. Sub-sp. zohra Moschler 1878: 3 Venezuela. Fig Seitz. Synonyms. vwirgatus Mabille 1888: 2 Pebas: figured. sula Williams & Bell 1940: ¢ Honduras: genitalia figured. B.M. 1 2 Honduras. 1 2 Br Guiana. 2 $ Fr Guiana. 2S Para. (b). 3g above, outwardly broadly darker: unh purple brown. 2 below, pale purple brown, apex F broadly darker: unh post-discal area broadly paler. 157 D.7. PORPHYROGENES Sub-sp. stresa nov: ¢ Tarapdte, Peru: type B.M. B.M. 2 6 192 Peru (Tarapote). 3 ¢ Bolivia. (Rio. Songo. Buenavista). 8 (7). 3g secondary sexual characters uph as in zohra, but the costal brushes are thinner, and, between the upper brown tuft and the lower yellow tuft, there is a white glandular area. Unf vein 1 is not bisinuate nor modified, but above the middle of the vein there is a recumbent brown hair tuft. Above, much yellower than zohra: apex F broadly darker and with a purple wash. Below, dull yellow, outwardly browner with a faint purple wash. Unh faint traces of a dark discal band. boliva nov: 3 Venezuela: type B.M. 235 Venezuela. Ya (1a). Smaller, ¢ F not > 20 mm. g (10a). H termen straight, as in zohra; wings produced. Above, brown, paler at apex F: cilia grey. Below, similar, upf apex paler: palpi and pectus brown. ¢ characters as for zohra. 3 F 20 mm. H vein 2 well before vein 7. spoda nov: ¢ Chiriqui: type B.M. B.M. Only the type. 10a (9). H termen convex as in passalus. rob (12a). H vein 7 before vein 2. Below, ochreous brown; palpi, pectus and legs ochreous. 10 (11). ¢ 2 upf base and most of uph bright ferrugineous ochreous. 3 uph with dorsal tuft conspicuous: the usual double costal tuft, the upper tuft overlying a speculum, and the lower tuft from base of cell overlying a small circular glandular area. Unf with a conspicuous specu- lum, round the bared portion of vein 1, which is highly bisinuate and the dorsum is bowed. 3 F 18 mm.: 2 20 mm. despecta. 2 sub-species. (a). 3 upf with a small hyaline spot in space 2 (may be absent), a larger one in space 3 and 2 apical spots: the only spotted ¢ in the genus. 2 with larger equal spots in spaces 2 and 3 (widely separated) and 3 apical spots. _Sub-sp. cervinus Plétz: ¢ ? loc: copy of MS plate in B.M. B.M. 1 3 Br Guiana. 1 $ 1 9 Fr Guiana. 158 D.7. PORPHYROGENES (b). g¢ unmarked. 92 upf with small spots in spaces 2 and 3. Sub-sp. despecta Butler 1870: 9 Para: type B.M. Fig Butler 1870: Seitz. Synonym. ferruginea Plétz 1883: 3 Bahia. Fig Seitz in genus Lignyostola. B.M. 1 3 Br Guiana. 6 3 3 ¢ Para. 11 (10). 3 above, dark ferruginous, apex F broadly browner: below, ochreous brown with dark discal spots H (often absent). 2 brown with bases, above, dull ochreous and large hyaline spots in spaces 2 and 3. ¢ uph dorsal tuft less conspicuous: a single yellow costal tuft overlying a dull speculum: unf vein 1 bisinuate and dorsum convex, bared portion of the vein lying below a groove and sur- rounded by a dull speculum. $ F 20 mm. pausias Hewitson 1867: ¢ Amazons: type B.M. Fig Hewit- son 1873: Seitz. B.M. 1 3 Br Guiana. 3 5 Para. 3 ¢ Up Amazons (Rio Madeira. Iquitos. Villa Nova). 12a (10b). H vein 2 before vein 7. Below, palpi and pectus brown. 12b (14). ¢ with secondary sexual characters. 2 upf with conspicuous hyaline spots in spaces 2 and 3, as in pausias. Unh dark brown at tornus. 12 (13). g¢ above, dark ochreous brown: may be indica- tions of dark discal spots on H: below, similar. 9 browner, spots upf quadrate, not oblique. ¢ secondary sexual characters as for sororcula. 3 F 18 mm.: 2 20 mm. spanda nov: ¢ Para: type B.M. 1g Br Guiana. 4 3 4 9 Para and Santarem. 13 (12). 3 Q above and below, plain brown. 9 upf spots in spaces 2 and 3 oblique. ¢ uph dorsal tuft inconspicu- ous: a single erectile costal tuft from above cell, costa paler brown, but there is no speculum: unf vein 1 not bisinuate, nearly straight, centrally bare and over the bare portion there is an oval dull yellowish brand. ¢ 9 F 20 mm. 159 D.8. OCYBA sparta nov: ¢ Para: A. Miles Moss: type B.M. BM. 23 3 2;Pata. 14 (12b). ¢g without secondary sexual characters and 9 without spots upf. ¢ 2 brown with a purple wash, paler below: 2 uph bright ochreous, costa dark brown and below yellowish brown. 3 2 venation peculiar: vein 1 F is very bowed, not bisinuate and veins 2 and 3 are also bowed. g 2 F 20mm. An aberrant species. glavia nov: 3 Panama: type B.M. B.M. 1 3 Panama. 1 2 no loc: both in poor condition. D.8. OCYBA Lindsey 1925: type calathana Hewitson: fixed by author: to replace Caecina. Synonym. Caecina Hewitson 1868: type calathana Hewit- son, sole species included. Homonym by Stal 1863. Distinguished from the closely allied Porphyrogenes by the conspicuously truncate F, the shorter F cell and the rather different secondary sexual characters. ¢ upf with a costal fold: uph with an upturned tuft of reddish hairs from basal half of mid cell, directed towards the costa: also uph a dorsal tuft as in Porphyrogenes: unf vein 1 bisinuate, the second quarter bared and surrounded by a speculum extending from vein 2 to the dorsum, which is much bowed at this point: H at base more convex than usual. A single species. calathana. 3 sub-species. (a). H cilia yellow. Unh dorsal half of termen broadly yellow, often more or less shaded brown. 3 F 25 mm. Sub-sp. calanus Godman & Salvin 1894: $ Guatemala: figured: type B.M. Fig Seitz. B.M. 4 5 Mexico. 9 ¢ 2 2 Guatemala. 1 $ Honduras. 7 3 Costa Rica. (b). Uph tornus more or less broadly yellow. ¢ F 23 mm. Sub-sp. calathana Hewitson 1868: 3 Colombia: type B.M. Fig Hewitson: Staudinger: Seitz. Synonym. columbica Mabille & Boullet 1919: ¢ Colombia. B.M. 23 Colombia. 1 2 Panama. 160 D.9. ABLEPSIS (c). Cilia ashy. Uph and unh no yellow: plain brown. g F 23 mm. Sub-sp. compusa Hewitson 1868: 3 Amazons: type B.M. Fig Hewitson: Seitz, incorrectly. B.M. 1 ¢ Trinidad. 1 ¢ Amazons. D.9. ABLEPSIS Watson 1893: type vulpinus Hiibner: fixed by author. The genus is characterised by the long slender apiculus, the long cell F and the peculiar secondary sexual characters, recalling Nascus. 3 unh with a V-shaped channel formed by the distortion of veins 1a and 1b, extending half-way to the termen from the base. There are modified scales at the bottom of the channel, covered by a tuft of long yellow erectile hairs springing from the dorsal side of vein rb: along vein 1a there is a dense ridge of short whitish hairs directed towards the apex of the wing. The channel is present in azines, but the brand and tufts seem absent. la (4). Upf no spot in space 1b or mid costa. I (2a). Unh with small, separated, dark spots. Above ochreous brown to dark brown at the apex F and costa H. 3 upf with large yellow hyaline spots in spaces 2, 3 and cell, also 3 irregular apical spots. 9 upf browner, with the spots white, those in space 2 and cell much smaller and wide apart: unh yellow with a dark brown border, broadest at apex, dark spots as in g but much reduced. 3 F 18 mm.: with costal fold: wings produced. Resembles Telemiades avitus. azines Hewitson 1867: $ Amazons: type B.M. Fig Hewit- son: Seitz. Synonyms. hypoxanthos Mabille 1877: 2 Fr Guiana: type B.M perseus Mabille & Boullet 1912: 3 Surinam: figured. Fig Seitz. aberrans Mabille & Boullet 1912: 2 Fr Guiana. B.M. 1412 Colombia. 3 ¢ 42 Br Guiana. 4352 Fr Guiana. 13 ¢ 15 9 Amazons (Up Putumayo. Iquitos. Ega. Villa Nova. Para). 1 2 Peru (Chanchamayo), larger. 161 D.9. ABLEPSIS 2a (1). Unh with dark bands. Ochreous brown. 2 (3). gd upf with large equal yellow hyaline ‘spots in spaces 2 and 3, completely overlapping, an adjoining spot in space 3, and 3 apical spots ina straight line. ¢ F21 mm.: with costal fold: wings produced. fenestratus Gmelin 1788: ? loc. Kirby 1869 reported that the type was in Dublin University but too broken for identification: it is now no longer in existence. ‘The description seems only to fit this species. Synonym. acutipennis Mabille & Boullet 1912: ¢ Fr Guiana. B.M. 1 3 Fr Guiana. 3 (2). 3 upf spots in spaces 2 and cell not completely over- lapping. ¢ F 18 mm.: no costal fold: wings rounded. 2 unf with a large pale spot in space 1b between the spot in space 2 and the termen. vulpinus. 2 sub-species. (a). g upf central yellow spots in spaces 2, 3 and cell small and wide apart, 3 apical spots. 2 similar, spots white. Sub-sp. guyanensis Mabille & Boullet 1912: ¢ Fr Guiana. BM. 2 6 1 9-Fr Guiana. 1 a2 Amazons (Teffe). (b). ¢ 2 central yellow spots in spaces 2, 3 and cell large, spot in space overlaps the other two to their centres, usually only a single apical spot in space 6, sometimes also a dot in space 8. Sub-sp. vulpinus Hiibner 1820: no loc: figured. Fig Seitz. B.M. 14 “Para”’. 14 3 13 2 Brazil (Espirito Santo. Minas Geraes. Rio. Santa Catharina. Corcovado). 4 (1a). Upf with white spots in spaces 1b and costa forming a macular band with large spots 1n spaces 2 and cell: an adjoining spot in space 3, and 3 apical spots. Above dark brown, with 2 dark bands uph. Unf dorsum white. No costal fold. Resembles Celaenorrhinus. amazonensis. 2 sub-species. (a). Unh the dark bands from above conspicuously out- lined with olive-yellow scaling, giving the appearance of a yellow banded dark wing. 3 F 20 mm. 162 D.10. ORNEATES Sub-sp. amazonensis Bell 1947: 3 Amazonas, Colombia: genitalia figured. B.M. 5382 Amazons (St Paulo d’Olivenca. Ega. Nauta. Santarem). 1 ¢ 1 9 Peru (Chanchamayo). (b). Unh the yellow scaling absent. Uph the dark bands invisible. Larger, ¢ F 24 mm. Sub-sp. renta nov: 3 San Gaban, Peru, 2,500 ft.: March-— April 1917. B.M. Only the type. D.10. ORNEATES Godman & Salvin 1894: type aegiochus Hewitson: fixed by author. This genus seems to be a connecting link between Porphyrogenes and Celaenorrhinus. ‘The antennae are con- spicuously white on the inner side before the apiculus, but the shaft is not chequered: the apiculus is rather more arcuate than in Celaenorrhinus. | (2). Upf basal 3 (2 ¢) conspicuously shining metallic blue: no discal spot in space 3: 5 apical spots in spaces 4 to 8. Below, bases more or less metallic blue: unh dark brown, ~ marked only with a small, faint, yellowish discal spot. § F 26 mm. aegiochus Hewitson 1876: 2 Chiriqui. Fig Godman & Salvin, 3 and genitalia. Synonym. mysius Plotz 1886: ? loc. B.M. 24 1 2 Costa Rica. 3 5 4 9 Panama. 2 (1). 2 upf faint traces of blue colouring spreading to the base from the head and thorax: a small spot in space 3, just detached from the hyaline white band running from vein 1 to the costa, divided into spots by dark: veins: 3 apical spots in spaces 6 to 8: some narrow white scaling outside the spot in space 1b. Cilia brown, whitish at tornus F and apex H. Unf basal } olive scaled with a slight metallic blue reflexion: narrow whitish scaling outside the spot in space 1b. Unh very like Celaenor- rhinus: from base to mid costa, lower end cell and dorsum up to vein 2, olive scaled: a small double whitish spot at A.H.—I2 163 D.11. CELAENORRHINUS end cell on either side of vein 5 and a post-discal row of small whitish spots from space Ic to space 5. Palpi, pectus and thorax, below, whitish, 2 F 25 mm. H produced at tornus. savia nov: 2 Rio Cachiyaca, Iquitos: Stuart 1893: type B.M. B.M. Only the type. D.11. CELAENORRHINUS Hiibner 1819: type eligius Stoll: fixed by Scudder 1875. Synonym. Ancistrocampta Felder 1862: type syllius Felder: sole species included. Hantana Moore 1881: type spilothyrus Felder: fixed by author as infernus Felder, which is a synonym of spilothyrus. Gehlota Doherty 1889: type sumitra Moore: fixed by Watson 1893. Pee Mabille 1891: type monartus Plotz: type fixed by Watson 1893 as chiriquensis Mabille, which is a synonym of monartus. Apallaga Strand 1911: type mokeezi Wallengren: sole species included was separata Strand, which is a synonym of mokeezi. The genus is readily distinguished by the erect palpi, long forewing cell, quadrate hindwing and the secondary sexual characters, consisting of hair pencils on the hind tibiae in conjunction with a packet (not a double pouch as in Pyrgus) of large androconial scales on the underside of the thorax. Typically there are large irregular hyaline spots F and small yellow spots unh. la (11a). F central band broken into spots. tb (3a). F central spots as small as the apical spots. 1 (2). F no hyaline spots in space 1b. ¢ F 18 mm. monartus Plétz 1884: Panama. Fig Seitz. Synonym. chiriquensis Mabille 1891: g¢ Chiriqui: type B.M.: figured. Fig Godman & Salvin, $ and genitalia. B.M. 13 12 Mexico. 23 1 2 Nicaragua. 3 ¢ 2 2 Costa Rica. 11 g 2 9 Panama. 1 3 Colombia. 2 (1). F 2 discal and 1 sub-basal hyaline spots in space rb. g F 22 mm. 164 le D.11. CELAENORRHINUS astrigera Butler 1874: ¢ Urucurituba, Rio Tapajos: type B.M. Synonyms. stellaris Plétz 1884: Para: copy of Plétz’s MS figure No. 1097 in B.M. canutana Riley 1919: 3 Allianca, Canutana, Rio Purus: type B.M. B.M. 1 3 Br Guiana. 5 ¢ Amazons (Rio Tapajos. Rio Purus. Rio Madeira). 3a (1b). F central spots much larger than the apical spots. 3b (sa). Uph with large central and discal dark spots. 3 (4). F with a small double hyaline spot divided by vein 2 shortly after its origin. Cuiller of clasp tapered to a sharp point: style as long as cuiller. fritzgaertneri. 2 sub-species. (a). Above grey, due to dense clothing of olive hairs. 6.2 22 mm. Sub-sp. fritzgaertneri Bailey 1880: Salvador. Fig Seitz. B.M. 24 11 2 Mexico. 1 2 Guatemala. 1 $ Honduras. 2 2 Nicaragua. (b). Above dark brown. 3 F 21 mm. Cilia H con- spicuously white chequered. Probably a seasonal form: genitalia and markings as in fritzgaertnert. Sub-sp. variegatus Godman & Salvin 1894: 3 Mexico: type B.M.: figured with genitalia. B.M. 3322 Mexico. 2 ¢ Guatemala. 1 $ 1 2 Costa Rica. 4 (3). F with a dark sub-basal spot in space 1b. Marked as in fritzgaertneri, except that the spots F are pale yellow in g: spots in spacé 3 and mid costa larger: unf tornus conspicuously pale yellow. End of cuiller longer, style short. § F 22 mm. | stallingsi Freeman 1946: g Monterry, N.L. Mexico: genitalia figured. BE 1 ts. costa Rica. 5a (3b). Uph plain or with small yellow spots. 5b (7a). F spot in space 3 with its upper edge placed beyond (nearer termen than) origin of vein 4. 5 (6). F not longer than 22 mm. Cuiller tapered to a sharp point. F apical spots small, irregular. 165 D.11. CELAENORRHINUS shema. 5 sub-species. (a). F spots in space 2 and cell wide apart. Unh uniform brown. ¢ F 18 mm. Sub-sp. shema Hewitson 1877: g Fr Guiana: type B.M. Fig Seitz: Williams & Bell 1934. Synonym. ochrogutta Moschler 1882: $ Surinam: figured. B.M. 1 $ Br Guiana. 8 g 62 Fr Guiana. 2 ¢ Surinam. 1 ¢ Ecuador (Rio Napo). (b). Similar, but unh entirely yellow except for a narrow brown costa, and sometimes some brown shading at the tornus and along the veins. ¢ F 19 mm. Sub-sp. ochra nov: ¢ St Paulo d’Olivenca, Amazons: M. de Mathan: type B.M. B.M. 1 3 3 2 Up Amazons (St Paulo. Rio Putumayo. Rio Madeira). (c). Similar, but basal quarter unf and basal third unh conspicuously shaded ochreous. ¢ F 21 mm. Sub-sp. vox nov: ¢ Iquitos, Up Amazons: May 1932: G. Klug: type B.M. B-M.-5 3: 1°2 type loc. (d).. As vox, but unf and unh plain brown. ¢ F 21 mm. Sub-sp. disjunctus Bell 1940: $ Rio Morona, Peru: genitalia figured. B.M. 341 9 Peru, Tarapote. (e). F spot in space 2 overlapped by cell spot as in eligius. Unh plain brown. ¢ F 22 mm. Sub-sp. songoensis Draudt 1922: Rio Songo, Bolivia: figured. B.M. 3 3 Peru (La Merced. Rio Colorado). 2 $ Bolivia (Cochabamba). 6 (5). 6 F 27 mm. Markings F as in eligius except for the position of the spot in space 3 much nearer to termen and the spot in space 2 is farther removed from the cell spot, due to the outer part of the lower edge of the cell spot being bent up away from the cubitus and to the spot in space 2 not extending behind the origin of vein 3. Below, basal areas shaded ochreous as in shema vox. Clasp angled at back; cuiller broad-ended, with a point pro- jecting inwards. 166 D.11. CELAENORRHINUS vagra nov: ¢ Nauta, Amazons: coll Hewitson: type B.M. B.M. 1 3 type. 1 9 Chambireyacu, near Yarimagues, Huallaga, Peru: M. de Mathan: June-August 1885. _ Ta (5b). F spot in space 3 with its upper edge not beyond the origin of vein 4. 7b (10). F spot in space 3 exactly under the origin of vein 4. The following 3 species are superficially in- separable: there are 3 types of genitalia, which are taken as the basis for specific identity, but in each case there is a great deal of sub-specific and individual variation, both in respect of the facies and the genitalia. 7c (9). Gnathos, seen ventrally, slender and tapered to a point. 7 (8). Cuiller of clasp bifid: style much shorter than the cuiller. Generally, F spot mid costa enters space I1: apical spots in a decreasing straight line to costa: spots in spaces 4 and 5 absent: unh the small spots base cell, above it in space 7, end cell and double spot in space 1c, sharply marked. similis. 4 sub-species. (a). Inner branch of divided cuiller short, turned in towards outer branch, which is very long and curved inwards. $ F 24 mm. Sub-sp. stola nov: ¢ Panima, Guatemala: Champion: type B.M. Pee 2 2 Nlexico. 3.6 3 9 ‘Guatemala, 2 ¢ 1.2 Honduras. 1 ¢ Nicaragua. (b). Cuiller similar, but the inner branch is longer and extends to the outer side of the outer branch. ei 22 mm: Sub-sp. approximatus Williams & Bell 1940: 3 Costa Rica: genitalia figured. B.M. 23 1 2 Costa Rica. 3 3 2 2 Panama. (c). Cuiller divided at the tip, the inner branch projecting beyond the outer branch and curved backwards. 3g F 21 mm. Sub-sp. bifurcus Bell 1934: 3 Trinidad: genitalia figured. B.M. 13 Costa Rica. 44 12 Colombia. 8 3 3 2? Trinidad. 1g 12 Br Guiana. 1 9 Surinam. 1 $ Ecuador (Chimbo). (d). Cuiller similar to dzfurcus, but the inner branch 1s 167 D.11. CELAENORRHINUS straight, projecting beyond the outer branch, which is shortly curved inwards to a point. ¢ F 21 mm. Sub-sp. similis Hayward 1933: ¢ Argentine: figured ¢ and genitalia. Fig Williams & Bell 1934, genitalia: Hayward 1948, ¢ and genitalia. B.M. 1 3 3 2 Bolivia (Cochabamba. Santa Cruz de la Sierra). 1 ¢ Goyaz. 1 g 2 2 Matto Grosso. 8 ¢ 5 2S. Brazil (Parana. Sao Paulo. Novo Friborgo. Rio Grande). 43 492 Paraguay. 1 $ Argentine (Salta, Rio Zenta). 8 (7). Cuiller of clasp undivided: end turned inwards to a short, pointed tip. eligius. 2 sub-species. (a). Style of clasp very short, much shorter than the cuiller. F apical spots tend to be small and irregular, the lower spot, in space 6, usually shifted out. Varies in size, g F 21-25 mm. Sub-sp. eligius Stoll 1782: no loc: figured. Fig Staudinger 1889: genitalia by Godman & Salvin: Seitz: Hayward 1933, ¢ and genitalia = punctiger. Synonyms. vulturnus Felder 1862: 3 no loc: type B.M. Iuera Pl6tz 1884: no loc: copy of MS figure in B.M. B.M. 23.1 2-Costa Rica. 3 ¢ 2 2° Panama. Gee Colombia. 5 3 2 2 Venezuela. 2 $ 1 2 Trinidad. 2 Q Tobago. 1 ¢ 1 2 Surinam. 2 ¢ Amazons. 1 Q Para. 3 ¢ 2 2 Peru (Marcapata). (b). Style of clasp as long or nearly as long as the cuiller. F apical spots large, of equal size and in a straight line. Large, § F 27-30 mm. Sub-sp. punctiger Burmeister 1878: 3 Argentine: figured. Fig Williams & Bell 1934, genitalia: Hayward 1948, 3 and genitalia. Synonym. zmsidiosus Mabille & Boullet 1916: 3 Brazil. B.M. 5 35 2 2 Bahia. 2 2 Matto Grosso. 15 ¢ 15 2S. Brazil (Parana. Sao Paulo. Novo Friborgo. Rio. Rio Grande). 2 3 Argentine (Entre Rios). 9 (7c). Gnathos broad, end rounded. Cuiller evenly tapered and curved inwards to a sharp point: style short.. F spot in space 3 generally closer to the cell spot and the central spots are more band-like. 168 D.11. CELAENORRHINUS saroma. 3 sub-species. (a). F 4 apical spots, in spaces 6 to g: spots in spaces 4 and 5: no lower discal nor sub-basal spots in space rb. Unf conspicuous tornal quadrate yellow spot in space rb. Below, basal quarter F and third H shaded ochreous. ¢ F 25 mm. Sub-sp. saroma nov: ¢ Colombia: type B.M. B.M. 1 3 1 9 Colombia. (b). F 3 apical spots as usual; a dot in space 4: 2 discal and a sub-basal spot in space 1b. Unh plain. H more produced at vein 4 than usual. ¢ F 26 mm. Sub-sp. tonio nov: $ Colombia: type B.M. B.M. 1 ¢ 2 2 Colombia. (c). F as saroma, but no apical spot in space g: lower discal spot in space 1b present. Unf the pale tornal area less conspicuous. Unh more uniform; shading of basal area, grey. ¢ F 22 mm. Sub-sp. timor nov: ¢ Peru, Moyabamba: type B.M. B.M. 2 3 Venezuela. 2 ¢ 1 9 Peru (Charape. Pozuzu. Moyabamba). 1 ¢ Brazil. 2 9 Minas Geraes. 10 (7b). F spot in space 3 with its upper edge before the origin of vein 4 and forms part of a compact central band: spots in cell and space 2 rhomboidal: no sub- basal spot in space 1b and the upper discal spot directed to the tornus instead of the dorsum as usual, lower spot absent or minute: spots in spaces 4 and 5 con- spicuous and more in line with the apical spots. Clasp like eligius. cynapes. 2 sub-species. (a). ¢ F 23 mm. F no apical spot in space 9. Unh basally broadly ochreous. Sub-sp. darius nov: g¢ Ecuador, Chimbo: type B.M. B.M. 1 ¢ Colombia. 2 ¢ 1 2 Ecuador (Chimbo. Balza- pamba). (b). 2 F 27mm. F with decreasing apical spots in spaces 6 to g, on an even curve with the spots in spaces 4 and 5: no lower discal spot in space 1b and the upper spot 1s large with its upper edge contiguous with the lower edge of the spot in space 2. Unh plain brown. 169 D.11. CELAENORRHINUS Sub-sp. cynapes Hewitson 1870: 2 Ecuador: type B.M. Fig Williams & Bell 1934, genitalia. B.M. Only the type. Ila (1a). F central band unbroken. 11b (13a). F central band white. 11 (12). F central band with edges irregular. ¢ F 30 mm. tritonae Weeks igor: Bolivia. Fig Weeks 1906. B.M. 2 3 Bolivia (Farinas. La Paz). 12 (11). F edges of central band regular. F 25 mm. anchialus Mabille 1878: S. America: type Paris Museum (lost) Synonym. pertica Plétz 1882: S. America. Fig Seitz: Lindsey 1925, a 2 from Perene, Peru. B.M. None. [3a (11b). F central band orange yellow. 13 (14). F also with an apical band from space 4 to space 8. g F 21 mm. suthina Hewitson 1877: 2 Ecuador: type B.M. Synonym. amyrus Mabille 1889: Rio San Juan, W. Colombia: figured. B.M. 5 3 5 2 Ecuador (Cachabe. Zamora). 14 (13). F apex unmarked. $ F 22 mm. syllius Felder 1862: 2 Brazil: type B.M. Fig Seitz as celsus. Synonym. clearchus Plotz 1882: S. America. Fig Lindsey 1925, 3 and genitalia. B.M. 63 3 2 Br Guiana. 1 6 1 9 Surinam. 9 ¢ 5 Q Fr Guiana. 2 3 3 2 Ecuador (Rio Napo. Sarayacu). 3 ¢ 1 9 Peru (Pozuzo. Ucayali. Chambireyacu). 11 g¢ 10 9 Up Amazons (Iquitos. Putumayo. Tapajos. Pebas. Ega). 53592 Para. 13 1 9 Maranham. 3 ¢ 5 2 Brazil. 170 aberrans. B 1/11, D 9/1. Ablepsis. D 9. acawoios. C 13/11. Achalarus. C 17. Acolastus. C 3. acutipennis. D 9/2. adoba. C 14/27. adrastor. D 1/3. advena. C 18. aeacus. B 10/4. aegiochus. D 10/1. aelius. C 7/7. aemilia. C 19/5. aequatorius. B 10/5. aerofuscus. C 16/1. agathokles. C 16/6. agesilaus. C 13/28. Aguna. C 5. alardus. C 14/25. albiciliata. B 1/1. albicilla. B 1/1. albicuspis. C 13/25. albifasciatus. C 14/2. albimargo. C 13/26. albistria. C 5/13. albius. C 4/1. albociliatus. C 17/3. albofasciata. C 4/1. albomarginata. C 12/13. albosuffusa. C 19/2. albovenae. C 9/7. alcaeus. C 11/2. alciphron. C 7/1. alcemon. B 6/12. alector. C 14/26. alexanderi. C 9/2. alfius. C 14/27. alladius. C 6/8. alpistus. C 14/34. alva. *C 13/2. amazonensis. D 9/4. aminias. C 11/3. amisuse ©, 19) 12: ampyx. C 6/8. amyntas. C 3/1. amyrus. D 11/13. ananius. C 19/5. anaphides. C 14/34. anaphus. C 14/34. anausis. C 14/34. anchialus. D 11/12. Ancistrocampta. D 11. NPDES angasi. C 1/1. angustus. C 14/22. aniza. C 14/34. annae. B 10/2. annetta. C 14/34. annulicornis. D 1/6. anoma. C 14/34. antaeus. C 2/4. anthius. C 14/11. antiquus. C 14/25. aon. B 8/5. apastus. C 14/13. approximatus. D 11/7. apulia. C 11/2. aquila. C 14/25. argentea. C 2/6. argenteola. C 2/3. argentina. C 2/6. argentosus. C 2/3. arguta. C 11/1. arizonensis. C 3/1, C 11/4. arsaces. C 2/2. asander. C 5/1. asine. C 7/3. aspina. C 2/11. assaracus. C 16/9. astrapaeus. D 4/9. Astraptes. C 14. astrigera. D 11/2. astylos. D 1/4. athesis. C 13/20. atinas. B 6/7. atletes. C 13/12. Augiades. B 7. auginulus. C 7/7. auginus. C 7/11. aulestes. C 14/16. aulicus. C 14/16. aulina, Corpje7: aulus. C 14/15. aunus. C 16/9. aurunce. C 5/5. ausonius. C 14/1. Autochton. C 16. azines. D g/1. aziris. C 6/6. azul. Coralia: bahiana. C g/2. barba. D 1/6. barisses. C 2/6. Bet INDEX barra.’ C 13/22. batabano. B 1/11. batabanoides. B 1/11. bathyllus. C 19/3. belli. C 13/2. bellina. B 1/8. belus. B 1/11. berytus. B 10/2. bicolor. B 7/2. bicolora. B 1/11. bifascia. C 14/29. bifurcus. D 11/7. biolleyi. C 12/3. bipunctatus. C 16/t1o0. bivittatus. B 3/3. blasius. C 14/24. bocus. C 16/6. boliva. D 7/8. bolivar. C 12/11. borax. D 1/5. borja. C 13/17. brachius. C 13/25. brevicauda. C 14/8. brevicaudata. C 13/12. breyeri. C 11/3. briccius. C 14/13. bridgmani. C 12/11. brontes. C 16/9. Brontiades. B 11. broteas. D 5/4. bryaxis. C 11/8. Bungalotis. D 1. busiris. C 2/6. Cabares. C 20. Cabirus. B11. cachinnans. C 12/1. Caecina. D 8. caepio. D 5/5. calafia. C 13/12. calanus. D 8. calathana. D 8. calenus. C 7/1. californica. C 2/3. Calliades. C 15. callias. C 7/6. callicina. C 7/7. cama. C 2/8. camagura. C 5/12. canalis. D 2/1. canutana. 1D 11/2: capys. C 16/8. cariosa. C 13/12. carlos, Cornphr. carmelita. C 13/22. cartomes. C 14/25. casica, .C 33/2: cassander. C 14/32. cassius. C 14/33. catillus. C 4/1. caunus. C 7/ro. cebrenus. D 2/3. Cecrops. C 16. Cecropterus. C 16. ceculus. C 7/9. Celaenorrhinus. D 11. cellus. C 16/1. cenis. C 13/20. Cephise. D 6. cephise. D 6. cephisus. D 5/5. cepio. D 5/3. cervinus. D 7/10. chalco. C 13/28. chales. C 13/23. charon. B 1/2. charonitis. B 1/17. Chioides. C 4. chiriquensis. C 14/30, D 11/1. chlorothrix. C 13/27. cholus. C 5/13. chota. C 2/8. christyi. C 14/22. Chrysoplectrum. C 9. churchi. C 4/1. cincta. C 16/3. cindra. C 13/15. cinereus. C 4/1. cirrus. C 5/10. clarus. C 2/3. clavicornis. C 2/14. claxon. C 5/3. clearchus. D 11/14. cleopatra. C 13/25. clevas. C 13/22. clina. C 5/4. clusia. D 1/7. Cocceius. C 19. Codatractus. C11. coecutiens. D 4/5. coeleste. B 9. coelus. C 5/6. coenosa. D 3/1. colossus. C 14/20. columbiana. B 1/16. columbica. D 8. compusa. D 8. concinna. B 10/3. concinnus. C 4/1. confusis. C 19/5. consus. C 14/23. corba. B 3/2. corentinus. D 1/3. corilla. D 5/3. coronus. C 12/2. corydon. C 13/12. corytus. B 3/2. coxeyi. C 14/8. coyote. C 17/4. cramer. D 4/6. 172. cramerianus. B 10/4. cramptoni. C 13/12. crana. C 14/28. cretellus. C 14/32. Creteus. C 14. creteus. C 14/28. crilla. C 14/28. crinisus. B 7/1. crison. C 12/1. cruentus. B 1/1. cruza. € 2/0: cubana. C 14/34. cyda. Cry]: cydana. B 7/2. cyledis. C 11/6. cynapes. D 11/10. cyprus. C 14/28. damias. D 4/9. darius. D 11/10. daunus. C 19/3. debora. B 1/17. decemmaculata. D 5/2. decolor. B 1/1. decurtata. C 7/1. decussata. C 7/1. despecta. D 7/10. dexo. D 4/1. dhega. C 16/6. dianina. D 5/2. diaphorus. D 4/8. . Dicranaspis. C 1. dicta. C 2/8. dinka. D 3/3. dinora. C 12/6. diophorus. D 1/2. disjunctus.. D 11/5. disparilis. B 1/11. distans. B 1/3. dius. B 10/5. diversus. C 19/4. dobra. C 19/5. domingensis. C 14/25. domingo. C 13/1. dominicus. C 13/26. dorantes. C 13/12. doriscus. D 4/5. dorus.. C' 10/1. doryssus. C 13/25. dosula. C 14/20. Drephalys. B 6. drusius. C 19/1. dryas. B 1/17. dubius. B 3/2. ducia. C 19/5. dumeril. B 6/4. Dyscophellus. D 4. Dyscophus. D 4. Dysenius. B 1. INDEX egens. C 1/2. egregius. C 14/8. elaites. C 20/2. electrus. C 16/13. elegans. C 7/1. eligius. D 11/8. elmina. C 13/9. elongatus. C 6/2. elorus. C 14/24. elta. C 2/1. elwesi. C 10/2. eniopeus. C 14/6. enispe. C 2/1. enotrus. C 14/15. Entheus. B 10. eous. B 6/11, D 5/4. Epargyreus. C 2. epicincia. C 9/4. epigena. C 17/2. epimethea. B 7/2. erana. C 14/30. erebus. B 3/3. Eridamus. C 2. eriopis. D 3/2. Erycides. B 1. erycina. C 14/9. erythras. D 4/7. erythus. D 1/1. esma. C 13/7. esmeraldus. C 13/6. esta. C 13/10. etias. D 4/4. Eudamus. C 13. eudemus. D 7/5. eudicus. C 9/1. eudoxus. C 7/13. eugamon. D 5/4. eumelus. B 10/1. euphronius. C 9/2. euribates. D 4/4. eurus. B 5/3. eurycles. C 13/13. Euthymele. C 14. euthymides. C 5/1. evathlus. D 5/5. evenus. C 13/19. evona. C 13/8. exadeus. C 2/9. fabrici. C 14/25. faustinus. D 3/r. fenestratus. D g/2. ferruginea. D 7/10. festus. C 16/1. flammula. C 7/11. flavomarginatus. D 2/6. formosus. B 6/4. fritzgaertneri. D 11/3. fulgerator. C 14/2. 173 INDEX fulgor. C 14/3. fulima. C 12/8. fulminans. C 12/7. fulminator. C 14/2. fulviluna. C 14/14. fulvius. D 2/4. fuscoliva. C 5/2. galapagensis. C 13/12. galbula. C 6/3. galesus. C 14/33. ganna. C 5/9. gaudialis. B 3/2. gaumeri. C 2/14. gaurus. D 4/4. gentius. B 10/3. geronae. C 14/32. gideon. C 5/5. gildo. D 2/3. gizala. D5/s. glaphyrus. C 5/13. glarus. D6 glavia. D 7/14. godmani. B 4/1, C 14/30. gonatas. D 2/2. Goniurus. C 13. goya. C 6/4. gracillcauda. C 13/17. granadensis. C 14/16. grenadensis. C 14/34. grullus. C 14/25. Grynopsis. B 9. guatemelaina. C 5/13. gunderi. B 1/1. gundlachi. C 1/t1. guyanensis. D 9/3. gyges. C 7/5. habana. C 14/25. hagar. C 3/1. haitensis. C 5/1. halesius. C 14/10. harpagus. C 12/4. hedysarum. C 17/1. helen. C 14/21. helixus. B 6/1. heraclides. B 6/1. heras. D 4/2. heriul. C 14/25. Heronia. C 8. herophilus. C 13/27. herrichii. B 3/3. hesus. D 4/4. hesychius. B 8/1. Heteropia. C 11. hewitsonius. B 1/11. hiera. D 11/8. hirtius. C 7/4. histrio. C 3/1. hopfferi. C 14/26. huancavillas. C 13/4. hurga. C 9/2. Hyalothyrus. B 8. hydarnes. D 6. Hydraenomia. B 5. hypargus. B 6/13. Hypocryptothrix. B 2. hypoxanthos. D 9/1. hypozonius. C 5/7. hyster. C 11/9. sdas. C 1/r. imalena. C 11/8. imbreus. B 1/14. imitatrix. C 11/8. immaculata. C 19/2, D 7/5. inca. B 1/17. infa. B 8/1. infernalis. B 8/1. injuncta. D 6. insidiosus. D 11/8. integrifascia. C 16/5. interruptus. C 13/25. iocularis. B 1/11. ishmael. C 3/1. isokrates. C 16/9. itylus. C 16/12. iverna. C 4/2. ixion. C 4/4. jaira. C 14/31. jalapus. C 17/5. jamaicensis. C 1/1, C 14/31. janeira. C 14/16. janita. C 6/5. jariba. C 14/32. jasper. C 5/r1. jemadides. B 1/11. jethira. C 4/1. johnsoni. B 1/12. julettus. B 11. junta. .B 11: justus, C 9/4. kefersteini. C 13/12. kikkawai. B 5/2. koluthos. C 15/2. labriaris. C 8. lactos. D 1/5. lacydus. B 8/5. lama. D 4/2. larius. C 13/12. 174 latia, © 14/25: latifascius. B 10/5. latimargo. C 14/29. latior. B 10/3. latipennis. C 13/13. leilae. C 16/1. lemna. B 10/2. leo., (C37. leucites. C 13/25. leucodesma. C 5/13. leucogramma. C 5/13, C 14/34. leucomelas. B 8/2. leucophrys. C 17/3. licinus. B 1/3. Lignyostola. B 8. lilea. B 1/t1. lincea. B 1/18. lindora. C 7/10. lividus: ‘C 3/7. longicauda. C 4/1. longipennis. C 16/8. loxe:) © 13/25. lucca, "3/2. lucidator. C 14/1. luna: B 3/3. lunulus. C 16/6. lyciades. C 17/1. lycidas. C 17/1. Lyroptera. C 13. mackeyi. D 5/1. macromaculata. C 4/1. malefida. C 14/22. malia. C 5/2. mancimus. B 1/11. maneros. D 6. manueli. C 3/2. marian. D 4/3. marmorosa. C 4/5. marshalli. B 4/4. matho. B 10/5. maximus. B 1/15. maysi. C 1/2. megaeles. C 5/2. megalurus. C 14/23. melon. C 11/5. mena. D 4/2. mephitis. C 12/6. mercatus. C 14/2. mercurius. C 1/1. meretrix. C 14/30. mermeros. D 5/5. metallescens. C 7/12. metophis. C 5/11. metrodorus. B 1/5. metron. B 1/5. mexicana, € 16/1, C 10/5. midas. D 1/3. miltas. C-13/21. mimicus. B 8/4. mina. B 10/1. minvanes. C 7/8. Mionectes. B 8. misitra. C 14/2. mithras. (C117)/3- momus. B 4/1. monartus. D 11/1. montezuma. C 11/2. morpheus. D 5/2. motilones. C 13/20. mura. C 14/19. muretus. D 1/1. Murgaria. C 17. mutius. D 2/3. myrto. C 4/4. mysie. C 19/6. mysius. D 10/1. nakawara. B 1/3. namba. C 4/3. narcosius. C 14/17. Narga. D 11. Nascus. D 5. naxos. C 14/4. neda. B 8/5. neis. C 16/6. neleus. B 8/5. Nennius. C 3. neobulus. C 9/1. nevada. C 19/5. nicasius. C 6/2. nicephorus. D 4/1. nicias. D 4/4. niger. B 8/5. nigrescens. B 1/5. nigricauda. C 13/22. nigrociliata. C 17/4. ninyas. B 10/1. nitocris. B 8/3. nivosus. C 13/25. nocera. C 17/3. nora. C 12/12. novalis. B 1/7. nucula. D 5/5. nutra. C 2/10. oberon. C 2/2. obliteratus. C 2/3. obscurior. B 4/3. obscurust’ © 13/12. ocellata. D 3/1. ochra. Di ras: ochrogutta. D 11/5. octomaculata. C 7/1. Ocyba. D 8. oenander. C 14/30. okeechobee. B 1/11. 75 INDEX INDEX olva. B 6/10. olvina. B6/9. | omphale. D 7/2. Onzis. B 8. ophiuchus. D 2/2. opifex. B 6/8. optica. C 6/4. orcinus. B 5/1. oreas. B 1/17. oreides. B 1/16. orestes. C 17/2. oria. B 6/5. oriander. B 6/5. orima. D 6. orion. C 6/1. orita. D 6. orizaba.. C'2/14. Orneates. D Io. orontes. C 16/10. orpheus. C 9/5. orphne. C g/2. oryx. C 15/1. osiris. B 10/3. otriades. C 9/3. pacasa. C 12/10. padrona. B 1/10. palemon. B 1/1. palemonides. B 1/1. pallida. C 3/1. palliolum. C 14/7. panche. C 12/9. panthius. C 5/1. papias. B 3/1. Paradros. B 6. parisi. C 14/21. parmenides. C 14/28. partia. B 1/9. parvus. B 1/15, C 13/12. passalus. D 7/2. paterculus. C 20/1. paucipunctata. C 19/1. paulliniae. D 5/5. pausias. D 7/11. pedro. C 1/1. Peleus. B tro. peleus. B 10/4. pelignus. D 2/2. pemphigargyra. B 8/5. perillus. B 1/4. perissographus. B 3/2. perkinsi. B 1/18. perna. C 9/6. perniciosus. C 9/4. perseus. D 9/1. pertica. D 11/12. pertinax. C 9/t1. pervivax. C 9/1. phalaecus. C 14/12. phanias. B 1/1. Phanus. B 4. Phareas. 9. phaselis. D 3/1. pherenice. D 5/2. pheres. C 14/24. philia. C 12/5. philistus. C 12/5. phintias. D 5/1. Phocides. B 1. phocus. D 5/2. phoenice. B 6/3. phoenicoides. B 6/2. phraxanor. D 4/2. phrynicus. C 15/1. Physalea. D 7. pialia. B 1/15. pigmalion. B 1/11. pilatus. C 13/17. piliger. C 7/12. pithys. C 11/3. Plagiothyrus. B 8. platowii. C 13/6. Plestia. C ro. pl6tzi. B 6/5. plutia. B 3/3. polias. C 15/2. polybius. B 1/t1. polygius. D 4/4. Polygonus. C 3. Polythrix. C 7. porcius. D 4/5. Porphyrogenes. D 7. porsena. D 4/9. potrillo. C 20/1. praecia. B 3/3. pralina. B 10/4. pratti. B 1/17. prax. D 5/6. priassus. B 10/4. priscus. B 8/5. probus. D 7/4. procas. Bit. procerus. C 7/7. procne. C 13/18. pronta. .C 13/3. pronus. -C 23 }5. Proteides. C 1. proteides. C 13/1. proteus. C 13/1. protillus. C 13/12. pseudexadeus. C 2/8. pseudocellus. C 16/2. pseudochalybe. C 9/2. punctiger. D 11/8. punctus. C 3/2. purda. Birr. purpurata. C 13/16. pusa. C 14/13. pylades. C 19/2. ee) 176 pyramus. B 3/2. pyres. B 1/11. quadratum. D 1/6. quadratus. B 10/5. ramon. D 4/9. ramusis. D 4/9. rauterbergi. C 13/12. reducta. C 20/1. reductus. C 13/24. reflexus. C 16/7. renta. D 9/4. retractus. C 13/12. Rhabdoides. C 16. rhacoces. C 15/2. rhetus. D 1/3. rhoda. C 14/20. rica. C 13/26. Ridens. C 12. ridens. C 12/2. rilma. B 4/2. rinta. C 20/3. rochus. C 2/1. roma. C 7/2. rotundatus. C 16/3. rowena. C 11/1. roysi. C 14/34. rufibasis. B 3/3. Salatis. D 2. salatis. D 2/2. samson. C 14/18. san-antonio. C 1/1. sanchesi. C 1/1. sanguinea. B 1/1. santiago. C 13/12. sapucayae. D 2/2. Sarmientoia. D 3. _saroma. D 11/9. savia. D 10/2. savigny. C 3/1. scheba. C 5/1. schelleri. C 9/1. schmithi. B 10/2. scyrus. D 2/5. scython. B 1/2. sebaldus. D 4/6. sebrus. D 2/2. seneca. C 8. serenus. B 10/4. shema. D 11/5. siges. C 14/28. sigovesus. B 1/3. silva. B 1/3. similis. D 11/7. simplicius. C 13/17. sinus. C 2/8. sirius. B 10/3. smythi. C 2/3. socius. B 1/1. socus. C 2/8. solon. D 5/3. songoensis. D 11/5. sororcula. D 7/3. spanda. D 7/12. spanna. C 2/5. sparta. D 7/13. spina. C 2/12. spinosa. C 2/15. spinta. C 2/13. spitzii. B 5/4. spoda. D 7/9. spurius. B 1/1. stallingsi. D 11/4. staudingeri. C 10/2. stellaris. D 11/2. stola. D 11/7. stresa. D 7/7. stupa. D 7/t1. stylites. C 6/5. sub-blasius. C 14/24. subfasciatus. C 14/4. subflavus. C 14/33. sula. D 7/7 sulfureolus. C 16 ne sumadue. C 14/1. sumichristi. C 6/2. suthina. D 11/13. suva. D 7/6. syllius. D 11/14. syloson. C 19/3. takuta. C 13/26. talaus. B 10/4. talboti. B 6/6. talthybius. C 14/6. talus. C 14/1. tanna. C 13/14. tarchon. C 4/1. tarquinius. D 4/7. Tarsoctenus. B 3. tehuacana. C 17/2. telegonoides. C 14/29. Telegonus. C 14. telemus. B 10/4. teleus. C 13/13. tellus. C 2/7. tenuis. C 13/25. tenuistriga. B 1/11. terracina. C 12/4. teutas. B 2. texana. B 1/13. thermus. B 1/8. thiemei. C 13/17. Thorybes. C 19. 77 INDEX INDEX timor. D 11/9. tinda. C 14/29: tityrus. C 2/3. tfmolis. C 2/7. Tmetocerus. C 5. tonio. D 11/9. tophana. B 1/2. torones. C 13/12. toxeus. C 17/4. trebia. C 13/22. triptolemus. C 13/26. tristis:.. C 12/13. tritonae. D 11/11. tucuti. C 14/5. tuolus. C 2/7. tychios. D 4/4. Typhedanus. C 6. Udranomia. B 5. umber. C 6/7. undulatus. C 6/2. unimacula. B 1/t1. urania. B 1/13. Urbanus. C 13. uridon. C 14/16. uvydixa. C 19/6. vagra. D 11/6. valeriana. C 19/6. valerius. C 19/6. valgus. B 1/8. variegatus. D 11/3. vectilucis. C 16/4. velinus. C 13/12. Venada. C 18. verruga. C 2/12. vida, -B 1/13. vincenti. C 1/1. vintra. C 4/1. virens. C 14/1. virescens. C 13/27. virgatus. D 7/7. viridans. C 15/1. viterboana. C 13/2. vitreus. B 4/1, C 7/4. / vulcanides. B 1/11. vulpecula. D 7/5. vulpinus. D 9/3. vulturnus. D 11/8. weymeri. C 14/30. williamsi. C 5/8. xagua. C 14/22. xenocrates. B 1/6. merxes, C 17/5. yokhara. B 1/17. zagorus. C 13/16. zalanthus. C 13/13. zancleius. B 1/15. zarex. C 16/9. zephus. C 6/7. zestos. C 2/2. Zestusa. C to. geutus. C 15/2. ziipa. C 4/3. zohra. D 7/7. zonilis. C 16/10. zopyrus. D 6. 178 American Hesperiidae, Part II Plate 10 B.I.PHOCIDES. Root Ags Bhs 1. folybius. pronctas. 2.charen: 3.dis€ans. AiG SOR BE E s. perillas, 5.mebredoarus, Riprescens. 6.xenocralas. ce bo Ab Trnevadds. 8. Chermus. 9. partie. 10. pacrena Meiners . pigmation. Lalabans, i2jehnsenc. /3.urania: vida, 1S. pistia: 16, ovecdes. inyokhara: 18. Lipren. British Museum (N.H.) A.H.—13 American Hesperiidae, Part Il Plate I B.2.HyPocryP— B. 3. TARSOCTENDS. “TOTHRIX. €autas. |. papeas. 2.cory fus. 3. praecta. B.4.PHANUS. Ade HES OSs J). wiEyeus. 2.viGma. B.cbscurieor. B.5.UDRANSMIA. HAS Hts Bor¥s hrarsho llc. ih OTCELMmuUsS,. 2. kikkowac. B.G- DREPHALYS. KAT HOO AWE 3. Queers. +. Spi€acd. 1. Aa Cissus. YC MOTTA) 4.durneril. 2. phoeniceides. 3. bhoencce S.ayviander. 6. talbotc g. opi fex. British Museum (N.H.) ae i American Hesperiidae, Part II Plate 12 B.6. DREPHALYS. OOS OG ro.odve. I{. QCecks, f2, alemon, eS B.7.AVGIADES. HOMIE MEIC 13. hypar gus. f.erindsus, Z.«himelhea, B.8.HYALOTHY Rus. I0E BBE /. ircfarnatis, BilGucanielas | sinece Cres, t.mdynccus, Snedens, B.PHAREAS. B.1i6,ENTHEUS, coeleste. -. QC@umelus re) 2. Comma. 3. genius, a prias Sees, a Protina. B.f1. CABIRUS. ALAN m ci mrra tho. ccus. Procas. British Museum (N.H.) American Hesperiidae, Part II | Plate 13 C.l.PR9 Saute Se Ager & dbs lmercurcus. os sry Ss C.2.EPARGYREUS. Aide tbh fa American Hesperiidae, Part II Plate 14 C.3,POLYGONUS. C.4,.CHIOIDES. 2 ivermna. @.cxcon. Ss marmoresa. COO She claxon, Ces AGUYUNA,. 4.c(icmna 5. Qurunce 6é.coedus 7 fe aaa ag a.williamesc 7 Saomna, lo. Cirrus. U.rnetopris. 12.carna gura 13,aChbisGrean British Museum (N.H.) American Hesperiidae, Part II Plate I5 C4. TEPHEDANUS, Ah boc hLeorcom. oe. uncLulatus. BOS AEDES abs 3 galbule. +. opblica. oye: S.sby lites. LoG Qos Ane G6. azcrcs. 7: umber % 8 ambyx. C.7 PoLyYTHRix. KG Gos oe 1 ockrmaculaks. 2. Toma 3.asime & Rhiw€dccs. Seygas. 6.cal(das., 7.precarus. British Museum (N.H.) American Hesperiidae, Part II Plate 16 C.7.POLYTHRIX. roo GG BUG 8. minvanes. ra cecuclas. 10. CAMCNES:. Lt; aupdrus. lis. prieiGa: Clo scares: 3. eurcleoxus. C.8. HERONITIA. C.9-CHRYSOPLECTRUM. WAN f a p Cabriarés. (. Pervevax,. 3.0G%dcaedes. +, borrntsiosus. ebicincea, S.orpheus: CA. 10. ZFS Tas A BOC Goh o 6, bernea. 1. deorus. 2 9 Camhiongerc. British Museum (N.H.) an Hesperiidae, Part II Plate 17 C.11.CO ODATRACTUS. sbi (NOU Z2.afcaeus. mor be BC 4. ATLzZoremscs. S.wmelon. sil aC WC abe 7- cele. Ges iG mrephi cliooma. 9: pamche. é ios Hi a ©, PACHSA. i, bridgmanc. i2.rr97T British Museum (N.H.) American Hesperiidae, Part Il Plate 18 C.132- VRBANUS. z: proCeus, var dates. 2.vilybeama. re GVA i bu wl F 3 pronfa. g huancavi(es. 5, bronus 6. @smeraldeas. B.@vona 7.eimire . 1q.esbes.. [.acawercos. 12. dovarnfas. 13.€eleus. 4. lonna. 1§.cimdrn. /6, zagorus. 67. Simm h Accus, (8. brocre. British Museum (N.H.) American Hesperiidae, Part II Plate 19 C.41tAaTRART Eo: G Gh 2 1. Gallus. 2. fu (gerater, CN fuor 4 naxoes. rig 19.Samson. He G SOs iis percse. alam. 22. Koga. British Museum (N.H.) American Hesperiidae, Part Il Plate 20 C.IF.ASTAAPTES. Aso Bede U 23. megalurus. 2¢.elores, aS. alardus. 26, alecbeoy. 27. alfecus. 28. cretrus, 29. latimargo. So.chiyigquensés. 3; Jara. 32. Cassandey. 33. galesus. 3¢.anafhhus. C.IS. CALCLIADES. OS Shel 1. Oryx. ae Pests, C./6.AUTOCHTON:- eS ihe ee ldus. ee pseudeceddus. 3. ctnelea. Fveclidwecs. Sinfagri foscta. Te 7.veflexus &. lenge bannis. 9. ZArex, British Museum (N.H.) American Hesperiidae, Part Il Plate 21 C.16.AUTOCHTON. BOE Ko OS So 10. bipunc&tus. Hi. suCfereelus, 12. c0yCus. i? . ee peas C.uT.ACHALARUS. us INSI2 /. Cyctacdes, Ziceseca, 3.albect(catus, 4.€oxeus. A, B “ae 1D: E Ss. Jatopus Cl8.VENADA. C.19-THORYBES. advena. /. drusius. ylades. 3.daumus. tt diversas. 3. mesxdcama. nevada. debra. Confuscs. C.20.CAGARES. CS I hhtot deeeta, ). potrille. 3.rimla. British Museum (N.H.) American Hesperiidae, Part Il Plate 22 on i va *- Sh aia GS ANT 3.SARMILENTOAIA Bess bof tins hbo ie American Hesperiidae, Part II Plate 23 D.¢+.DYSCOPHELLUYS. Bish af Arviccep horus. 2 “Pp hyraxamcr. lame. < oe 5.porctus, 6.Sehaldus. 7. ery Chras. 8. dtapharus. (O0.%a&MUSCS. yamen, damias. D.5.NAS cus. Abeabbat bp i. phinktas. 2-procus. 3.selon: 4. bro€eas. Q.6.CEPHISE. USN alti gtitt 5. paulliniae, 6 PORK cebArse. Aydoynes: British Museum (N.H.) American Hesperiidae, Part II Plate 24 D.7.PORPHY ROGENES, 3,s0v0rcec(a. Bo S.vulpecu le. : 7.0 Rr eh Abohs 8.boliva. q.spoda. 10.dasbecka, bo peal SoG Bn li, pausias. 12.sparnce, 13. sharla. +, elayia. D.8.O°CTBA. DiqQ. ABLEPSIS. Foe oC tls calathana. POC s. 2. fenesGratus. Ab fhtal 3.vulbinus. gFuyanansis. +. AmAZEnense S: British Museum (N.H.) American Hesperiidae, Part II Plate 25 D,./0.°ORNEATES. D, I's CELAENORRHINGS, LeEco chaws’. l. mromayGss. 2.as Gigera. 3. fPrif&gaerfrerc. Se sCalling s¢ ; 5.5 pema. dis y'umefius, é s vagra 7: SemctUis = sCola. apprextmatus. béfurcus, 8. edcgius. pumc Giger ‘ 9. Saroma, (o.cynapes, li Gretle wins, 17. subhina JA.Sy Cddus. cA MON British Museum (N.H.) me Sey o S\ fa | PRESENTED ze See a “A, Gf Oo SEP 1959 (bie a fi io , - 7 fy ~ ane ; se ol ‘ ‘ >) y J ¥y ' a in! i i Net ve ' rit x vd 44 a J. ’ ; ; e a » aes . Ps" ri *S _ , o AL) 4 UN ; ae . h t é } ‘ t os j r ‘ , fac: i >. 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