Dec 2010 - Feb 2011 Edition 53

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Oktokopter views From Mawson to the future Polar conferences

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Contents

+¢ Features

09

10

12

14

18

Your story, our history

National Archives and Antarctic Division join forces in new exhibition

Ocean monitoring sought and supplied

‘The focus on ocean observations coincided with the Australia-New Zealand
Climate Forum, a conference of more than 200 climate scientists who met
in Hobart in mid-October.’

Russia in Antarctica

‘The Russian Historical Society in Australia, founded in 1994, initiated
the commemoration of the 190th Anniversary of the first Russian
expedition to Antarctica in Australia.’

Antarctic season launch
‘As the closest port to east Antarctica, it is believed Hobart has the
highest number of scientists per capita of any Australian city...’

Polar weather conference
The Polar World came to Hobart in October

Cover picture

Lake, Rauer Group. Courtesy Frederique Olivier

+4 Regulars

05
06
07
08
17
20
22
24
26

David Bartlett
Michael Ferguson
Peta Sugden —
John Brennan
Polar News

Tony Press
Publications
Polar Calendar

Shipping

ICE BREAKER 13

It is exciting to have more details of
Mawson Centenary events to reveal
to you in this edition. Thanks to Paul
Cullen, Cultural Events Manager for
Antarctic Tasmania, and to Caroline
Webber from the National Archives
office in Canberra for keeping us up
to date.

There have been several Antarctic and
Southern Ocean related conferences in
Hobart over the last quarter, as well
as the Hobart City Council’s reception
to launch this year’s Antarctic season.
All these events reinforce Hobart’s
status as the most comprehensive
Gateway to Antarctica

Recently, | have been working with
other members of the Tasmanian
Polar Network’s Committee to
develop a new Strategic Plan, and it

A combination of light and frozen sea water gives a greenish tinge to this iceberg in the waters between Casey
and Davis Bases in Antarctica, 18 February 2008. Photograph: BAREND BECKER. Photo from the 2011 Aus-
tralian Weather Calendar, produced by the Bureau of Meteorology.

is interesting to see to what extent
the objectives of previous plans have
been achieved, as well. | hope all
TPN members read the information
provided in the latest Antarctic,
Sub-Antarctic and Southern Ocean
Business Census and ensure key
points are included in the next Plan.

| wish everyone in the Antarctic
community a safe and happy
Christmas break.

Anthea Wallhead

Editor, Ice Breaker

MAGAZINE

Ice Breaker magazine is published independently
by Icewall One as a quarterly magazine covering
Tasmanian Polar and Southern Ocean related
topics.

Editor and Production Coordinator
Anthea Wallhead

Design and layout
Robert Wallhead
David Hopkins

Research
Peter Wallhead

Printer
Focal Printing Pty Ltd

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Disclaimer

Icewall One has endeavoured to ensure the
information in this magazine is accurate, however
we accept no responsibility for any errors,
omissions or inaccuracies in respect of the
information contained’ in the material provided by
Icewall One.

Nor is it to be construed that other material on
any of the subject matter is unavailable. Further,
Icewall One accepts no responsibility for persons
who may rely on this information for whatever
purpose. The views expressed in these articles
are not necessarily the views of the editorial
committee.

Thanks to Klaus Arne Pedersen, Sue Halliwell
and Frederique Olivier for their permission to
use their Antarctic photographs.

Ice Breaker magazine: Copyright 2010 and
individual contributors

icebreaker.icewall.com.au

ee

recently joined the Lord Mayor Rob
Valentine and the Alderman of the
Hobart City Council to celebrate the
opening of the Antarctic season and
Hobart’s connection with the Antarctic.
Hobart is truly Australia’s Antarctic
capital. It is the departure point for
scores of expeditions to this amazing
place where we can learn so much
about our planet, its environment and
its history.

The night celebrated the contribution
of many men and women who
undertake and support science of
global significance that takes place in
Antarctica, so many of whom work
and live in Tasmania. Many of us have
a relative or close friend who has
spent time down south, as scientists,
chefs, engineers, station leaders or
tradespeople. It is because of their
work that Tasmania is nationally and
internationally recognised as a centre
for Antarctic, sub-Antarctic and climate
change research and development.
That is unsurprising, given Tasmania’s
200-year history of supporting
voyagers to Antarctica.

We are understandably fascinated with
this vast continent, with its unique
environment, its evocative scenery

and its crucial place in the wellbeing
of our planet. People have been
embarking from the world’s most
southerly cities to visit the frozen
continent since Captain Thaddeus
Bellingshausen, a Russian naval officer,
ventured into the Antarctic circle in the
Vostok and Mirny saw the continent of
Antarctica on January. 27th 1820 for
the first time.

Bellingshausen described what he
saw as “an icefield covered with small
hillocks”. He was more complimentary
than James Cook who, whilst he
never saw land, came across icebergs
with deposits of rocks and concluded
that a southern continent existed and
declared “the world will derive no
benefit from it".

ICEWATCH

David Bartlett

...Hobart has become such a vital port

How fortunate we are today that
Cook was wrong and that Hobart
has become such a vital port of call
before Antarctica.

Nowadays Tasmania is proud to be
home to the Australian Antarctic
program, headquarters for much of
east Antarctica and Southern Ocean
science logistics and expertise and
base for a number of Antarctic world-
class research programs. With Hobart
as home to international secretariats,
such as the Convention on the
Conservation of Antarctic Marine
Living Resources (CCAMLR) and the
Agreement on the Conservation of
Albatrosses and Petrels (ACAP), our
state gains many social and economic
benefits.

We know the Antarctic sector is
important to the Tasmanian economy.
It currently generates over $150 million
in revenue for the state and directly
employs about 750 people. The
Antarctic, Science and Research areas
are key priorities in the Tasmanian
Economic Development Plan. Antarctic
Tasmania is also currently undertaking
an Antarctic Sector Development Plan
so that we can see the Antarctic
science and research sector grow and
attract world-class organisations and
international Antarctic programs to
base their operations in our state.

In 2011-12, we will be celebrating
Tasmania’s enduring heritage of
Antarctic endeavour during the
Antarctic Centennial Year. December
2011 will mark the historic 100-year
anniversary of Douglas Mawson’s
historic Australian 1911-1914 voyage.
The Centennial Year will also highlight
the importance of the city of Hobart
as the place where Roald Amundsen
made his announcement that he was
the first man to reach the South Pole.

History continues to be created up to
the present day, as Hobart saw the
first passenger flight to the Antarctic
in 2008.

of call before Antarctica.

Collaboration between all levels of
government and the Tasmanian

Polar Network is critical if we are

to promote Hobart as an important
Antarctic gateway city. Congratulations
to Hobart City Council on its initiative
to celebrate the Antarctic season’s
opening. It was an honour to join
with them and the people of Hobart
to wish the expeditioners the best

of weather and luck for the 2010-11
season.

David Bartlett

Premier of Tasmania

Minister for Innovation, Science and Technology

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ICE BREAKER 15

peak aloud the word "Antarctic"

and you rouse romance and
adventure and history in the hearts
of most Tasmanians. Even those who
claim no great expertise seem to
recognise its significance and sense
its opportunities, and that's no bad
thing. Science has done its job.

Institutions and communities are
increasingly drawn to study the
Antarctic and its opportunities

in tourism, geology, biology,
climate science and environmental
understanding.

They continue the line of frontier
scientists that began with Cook and
Ross, and moved into the "Heroic
Age" of exploration and discovery
with Scott, Shackleton and our own
Douglas Mawson. One hundred
years on and the expeditions and
discoveries are richer and more
significant than ever.

Nowhere else in the world do we
find such a range of organisms and
fossils. Its ice is a vast atmospheric
library. Its inhospitable ways have
served as its walls of protection from
heavy human footsteps.

But as more knowledge is discovered
and developed, anyone who has
understood the lifecycle of past
scientific discoveries will expect that
more and more scientific disciplines
will see Antarctica as their own
laboratory. Less men in white coats;
more coats of orange and black
worn by women and men from every
Curious society on Earth.

Most lay people, including myself,
have obtained most of their own
sketchy knowledge of Antarctica not
from personal experience, field trips,
scientific journals or even classrooms.
No, they have obtained their
knowledge through pictures flashed up
in hour-long television documentaries,
two-minute television news stories
and stunning features in coffee table
magazines.

6 | BE..

ICEWATCH

Michael Ferguson

...easy accessibility to Antarctica should not

Without exception these all stress
the need to tread sensitively in an
ecosystem; to preserve the built
heritage of past explorers; to honour
the cooperative work of nations.

Australia claims 42 per cent of the
continent of Antarctica as its territory
- almost 6 million square kilometres

- and in just the life of our own
federation, we have built a long and
proud heritage in working to discover,
understand and protect the region we
gently call our own.

During the Menzies Liberal
Government in the 1950’s, Federal
Minister for External Affairs and the
CSIRO Richard Casey really revved
up Australia’s scientific love affair with
the Antarctic. Of course, to maintain a
credible case in claiming the territory,
Menzies and Casey knew that they
had to demonstrate practical steps to
build Australia’s reputation as explorer,
innovator and genuine protector. This
led to the establishment of Mawson
Station and Davis Station during this
innovative and disciplined term.

Built on the efforts of earlier
successive governments, the Howard
Government locked in Hobart’s

claim as the pre-eminent gateway to
Antarctica with the establishment of
the Antarctic Airlink. The $46.3 million
investment has dramatically changed
summer season travel to the Antarctic
by offering a flexible transport option.
The new airlink plane made its first
landing on the 4 km, sculpted-ice
runway near Casey station in late
2007. Scientists are now spared two
weeks rough sailing from Hobart in
favour of a four-hour flight.

This infrastructure has already made

a significant contribution to the
economic, scientific and social gravitas
of Tasmania. It will certainly prove to
be a key factor in any future success
of Prof Jonathon West’s innovation
strategy - recently adopted by the
Tasmanian Government as its own.

be taken for granted

Thanks to all these factors, Hobart
has become one of the international
capitals for Antarctic and marine
research. Organisations including
the CSIRO and the University of
Tasmania, have been working closely
together to combine their expertise

in marine science to undertake
globally important research. The
Institute for Marine and Antarctic
Studies' founders must ensure that
their massive investment brings real
results: measured by breakthroughs
not floorspace; enabled by cooperation
not takeover. In this regard it is

my fervent hope that IMAS will not
disregard the significant contribution
that the Australian Maritime College in
Northern Tasmania is in a position to
offer — if it is embraced.

Tasmania’s close proximity and easy
accessibility to Antarctica should not
be taken for granted. Continuing
investment in the sciences remains
essential to ongoing protection of the
region; and perhaps protection of the
planet if the climate secrets of the
Antarctic can be unlocked.

Scientists are not always thought

of as “creative” types. But | believe
that creativity is at the heart of the
sciences. At least, it’s right at the
heart of the work of science’s greatest
successes - and | taught this in my
classroom.

So here’s to Science: By investing
prudently, growing an education
culture and by understanding the real
value of collaboration in research we
can reinforce Australia’s love affair
with this frosty sanctuary. Success will
ensure that discoveries flow over into
popular culture, and with that comes
the dividend of public loyalty and
support for continued government and
research community investments.

Michael Ferguson MP

Shadow Minister for Education and Skills, Shadow
Minister for Innovation, Science and Technology

icebreaker.icewall.com.au

“The terrible tragedy of the deaths

! of four French Antarctic research
team members recently highlights
the dangers of expeditions and the
courage of all expeditioners who work
in the extreme Antarctic conditions.
On behalf of all of the Antarctic
Tasmania team | offer our sincerest
sympathies and condolences to the
families who lost loved ones and to
the IPEV team. The determination of
moving forward despite these tragic
events were exemplified by the French
team who, after only a short time
back in Tasmania, have left again
to continue the vital research being
conducted there.

These sentiments and condolences
were also expressed at the recent
CCAMLR meeting which | had the
pleasure of attending as part of the
Australian delegation. This was my
first CCAMLR meeting and it was a
fascinating and educative experience
to see this part of the Antarctic Treaty
System implemented and how the
objectives of conservation and rational
use are managed. The Australian
delegation was impressive to watch
and their years of experience were
very evident.

The Antarctic Centennial Year (ACY)
planning is progressing well with the
Antarctic Centennial Advisory Group
chaired by Sir Guy Green providing
advice and guidance on the events.

Length: 3-6.5m

Length: 2.7-3.7m

Peta Sugden

ICEWATCH

The Australian delegation was

Plans are well underway for the 3rd
International Forum on the Sub-
Antarctic to be held next year. The
forum entitled The future of the Sub-
Antarctic region: its global significance
and value will be held at CCAMLR
Headquarters in Hobart on 1 and 2
August 2011.The Sub-Antarctic Forum
is a biennial event and the only one
of its type in the world.

The Steering Committee - also
chaired by Sir Guy Green - is working
closely with Antarctic Tasmania to
leverage Tasmania’s influence in
developing a hub of expertise in
sub-Antarctic management, policy

and science. The event’s principal
funder is the Department of Economic
Development, Tourism and the Arts.

P & O has signed on as our major
sponsor for the event and we have
other minor sponsors including

IMAS. The program is currently

being finalised with both national and
international speakers attending. It is
expected that about 80 - 100 people
will attend.

Another key focus at the moment

is the Antarctic Sector Development
Plan. AS many of you would be
aware, the development of the plan
is well underway. Australian consulting
company AECgroup has been
appointed to undertake two related
but separate projects.

VWCo

Detadern 2 rel

Length: 2.5-3.2m

Weight: 680-2400 kg
Lifespan: 14 years

Seals come ashore to breed
and moult on islands off

the coast of California and
Mexico. While males fight for
dominance, females give birth
and suckle calves for four
weeks, before mating again.

Weight: 275-450 kg
Lifespan: about 25 years

Mating occurs at sea during
December and seals, including
some yearlings and juveniles,
continue to arrive at breeding
sites in January and February.
Females first mate at 3 years
old.

Weight: 400-450 kg
Lifespan: up to 18 years

Births and mating occur in
December and like Weddell
seals, implanting of the
fertilised egg into the womb
is delayed until January.
Newly independent pups start
catching small fish and krill.

impressive to watch...

Part A is a cost-benefit analysis,
and economic and social impact
assessment for the first stage of
the Hobart: a world-class, liveable
waterfront city initiative. This first
stage primarily focuses on the
redevelopment of the port and the
further development of the Hobart
international airport. The outcome
of Part A will be a submission for
federal funding under the Infrastructure
Australia initiative.

Part B will be a detailed report
outlining recommendations for the
Tasmanian Government to facilitate
the growth of the Antarctic, Sub-
Antarctic and Southern Ocean sector,
with a primary focus on attracting
international investment, strengthening
the gateway capability and maximising
opportunities for industry growth and
employment.

| look forward to sharing the
recommendations for the sector in the
next edition of Ice Breaker.

Peta Sugden

Director, Antarctic Tasmania, Science and
Research

Length: 2.4m-2.6m
Weight: 200-800 kg
Lifespan: over 30 years

Seals gather in the Ross Sea
and west of Graham Land
when the pack ice shrinks
from January to March. Adults
moult in January when their
coats fade to off-white and are
replaced by darker fur.

ICE BREAKER | 7.

veryone is raving about how well

the Antarctic season opened
with the inaugural Antarctic reception
hosted by the Lord Mayor Alderman
Rob Valentine and Co. Well done
Hobart City Council and thank you to
all behind the scenes and those who
participated.

As | write this article there is an
event at the forefront of my mind
that overshadows the great sense

of excitement and enthusiasm which
was evident upon the evening of the
Antarctic Reception. The tragic loss
of four French Antarctic expeditioners,

‘late in October, has deeply saddened

the Tasmanian Antarctic community.
There are enough stressors to cope
with when travelling south, into what
at times can be an unpredictable
and harsh environment, without
having to endure the loss of fellow
expeditioners.

What | have witnessed in terms of
cooperation and rallying between
different parties, in response to

lans for the Antarctic Centennial

Year (ACY) are well advanced, with
strong support from all sectors of the
Antarctic community. The key dates
are:

May 2011
e Official Launch of the Antarctic
Centennial Year

e The International Association of
Antarctic Tour Operators Conference
e The Extreme Environment
Photographic Exhibition

June 2011
e The ANARE Club Midwinter Dinner
e The Longest Night Film Festival

August 2011

e The Philip Law Memorial Lecture
e Science Week in Tasmania

e The 8rd International Forum on
the Sub-Antarctic

8 | ie.

ICEWATCH

John Brennan

...the new season represents an opportunity
to renew our strategic plan...

providing a suitable support for the
French expeditioners returning to
Tasmania, has been nothing short

of touching. The TPN has offered
support where it possibly can and
our friends within the French Antarctic
program can rely upon Tasmania for
support.

| guess in times of need one realises
that the Tasmanian community is
very generous and caring. We have a
grass roots, back to basics, can do
attitude. If there can be one positive
to come of this terrible incident it will
be the galvanizing and strengthening
of the sector. It is indeed good to
know that we can count on each
other in times of need and that we
can be sensitive to the needs of our
fellow colleagues.

For the TPN, the new season
represents an opportunity to renew
our strategic plan and align our
actions for the next calendar year.

October 2011
e The 30th Anniversary Meeting of
CCAMLR

December 2011

e Launch of the ‘Australia in
Antarctica’ - Centenary exhibition of
the 1911-1914 Australasian Antarctic
Expedition at the Tasmanian Museum
& Art Gallery

e The Mawson’s Huts Foundation
fund-raising dinner at the Hotel
Grand Chancellor

¢ Departure of the Antarctic Cruise
Ships for Commonwealth Bay

e The Centennial Flotilla of Ships
to mark the 100th anniversary of
Douglas Mawson’s departure

March 2012

e The Amundsen Centennial - a
public re-enactment of the Norwegian
explorer’s announcement in Hobart
that he had reached the South Pole

In short, we will be supporting the
growth of the sector through our
input into the strategic plan; we will
provide regular communications to
our members and support for their
initiatives that align with the TPN's;
and we will, of course, be looking at
ways to provide input into community
outreach and in particular provide
stimulus to the education sector.

As we quickly head towards the
festive season may our thoughts be
with those loved ones, friends and
colleagues who will feel the pain

of loss from the recent helicopter
incident. On behalf of the TPN | wish
all a wonderful Christmas and a safe
and prosperous New Year.

All the best.

John Brennan

Chairman, TPN

e The International Polar Heritage
Committee Conference in Hobart

June 2012

e The 35th Antarctic Treaty
Consultative Meeting

e The AAD/ANARE Club Midwinter
Dinner

e The Longest Night Film Festival

¢ ‘Do Not Go Gentle’ at the Theatre
Royal

Many more events are proposed in

a very busy program for the ACY —
Tasmania’s celebration of our enduring
endeavour in the Antarctic. These will
be added to the calendar as they

are confirmed. For further information,
contact Paul Cullen at Antarctic
Tasmania, Science and Research.
Telephone: 03 6233 3170 or email:
paul.cullen@development.tas.gov.au

icebreaker.icewall.com.au

Australian Government

ARCHIVES

OF AUSTRALIA

Your story, our history

HISTORY

National Archives and
Antarctic Division join
forces in new exhibition

n 2 December 1911 (Sir)

Douglas Mawson and his team
of Australian and New Zealand
scientists and adventurers set off
from Hobart to investigate and record
the unmapped coast and interior of
Antarctica between longitude 90 and
158 degrees east.

This expedition, and the subsequent
BANZARE (British Australian

New Zealand Antarctic Research
Expeditions) expeditions of 1929-31,
created an enduring legacy of
Australia’s special relationship with
Antarctica, through heroism, innovation
and scientific endeavour.

To honour this legacy, the National
Archives of Australia and the Australian
Antarctic Division are preparing

an exhibition and public programs

that will provide a contemporary
interpretation of Antarctica and its
importance for Australians today

and in the future. State museums in
Tasmania, South Australia and Western
Australia are supporting this project.

The new exhibition will be launched
at the Tasmanian Museum and Art
Gallery on 2 December 2011, exactly
100 years after Mawson’s expedition
departed Hobart. From there, the
exhibition will tour nationally until 2014.

National Archives Exhibition Curator
Jane Macknight is working hard to
draw together the many threads

that make up the story of Australia’s
involvement in Antarctica. To date

she has explored some of the
voluminous correspondence files and
archival records underpinning the later
Mawson-led BANZARE expeditions.

In the process, she’s even coined a
new term: bureaucratic exploration
Next she will examine records on the
creation of ANARE (Australian National
Antarctic Research Expeditions), as
well as some of its 700 films, which
have recently been the focus of a film
preservation project at the Archives.

While bureaucratic exploration is

under way, the exhibition development
team led by Caroline Webber at

the National Archives will investigate
different ways of presenting the
experiences gained and the knowledge
and understanding generated through
Australia’s involvement in Antarctica.

Bringing in a collection of frozen Adelie penguins,
Mertz, Hunter and Ninnis 1912

Attributed to Archibald Lang McLean 1850-1920
Charles Francis Laseron Collection, NAA: M584, 10

Collections will be mined for objects
and stories which inspire awe as
well as understanding. Technological
innovation will be examined not only
in terms of what it brings to Antarctic
scientific exploration and logistical
operations, but also in respect

of interpretive approaches for the
exhibition. Scientific achievements will
be presented in terms of their impact
globally.

The exhibition will traverse the
mundane yet often delightful stories
of daily life in Antarctica; the attempts
to understand and record Antarctica
through personal diaries, literature
and the visual arts; the impact of
international diplomacy on the most
peaceful yet inhospitable place on
earth; right through to the ‘wow’
moments of science.

This exhibition will explore the
enigma that is Antarctica and its
special significance for Australia and
Australians.

If you have stories about Antarctica
or topics you would like addressed
in the exhibition, contact Project
Manager Caroline Webber at
caroline.webber@naa.gov.au.

For other event information, visit
centenary.antarctica.gov.au

One of the thousands of Antarctic images in the
National Archives collection, captioned Carrying
ice cores to ice core pits, Antarctica

Department of Trade Photograph, undated
NAA: B4498, 193E1

ICE BREAKER | 9

MARINE

Ocean monitoring
sought and supplied

he authors of a new book have

called for the development of
more robust international ocean and
ice sheet monitoring and modelling
programs designed to help community
adaptation planning keep pace with
the threat of rising sea levels. At the
same time, Australian scientists are
preparing to use the data from a new
$22m array of high-tech equipment
to help them probe deeper into the
nation’s surrounding oceans.

The focus on ocean observations
coincided with the Australia-New

' Zealand Climate Forum, a conference
of more than 200 climate scientists
who met in Hobart in mid-October.

The 420-page book: Understanding
Sea-level Rise and Variability, is the
work of more than 90 scientists
from 13 nations, led by Hobart
scientist, CSIRO’s Dr John Church,
Dr Philip Woodworth from the
Proudman Oceanographic Laboratory
UK, Dr Thorkild Aarup from the
Intergovernmental Oceanographic
Commission (IOC), and Dr Stan Wilson
from the US National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration.

10 | 1GE

The good news is that a recent
concentration of science resources
is improving our insight’ into ocean
and ice dynamics, and scientific
measurement of the rate of sea-level
rise,” says the book’s lead editor,
CSIRO Fellow and oceanographer Dr
John Church.

The way the world responds

to climate change will become
increasingly reliant on a sophisticated
integrated atmosphere, ocean and ice
observing network generating data on
future climates and from which global
and regional sea-level rise can be
projected.

The key question is where and how
sea-level rise and associated extreme
events will have their impact,” Dr
Church says.

The book provides a comprehensive
overview of current knowledge on the
science of sea-level rise, identifies the
major impacts, assesses past sea-level
change and the factors contributing

to sea-level rise, and assesses how
extreme events at the coast will
change.

John Church with book.

Dr Church says coastal development
has accelerated over the past 50
years. Many of the world’s megacities
are situated at the coast and

new infrastructure worth billions of
dollars is being constructed. These
developments assume that the stable
sea levels of the past several millennia
will continue. This assumption is no
longer true.

Populations in low lying islands and
deltaic regions are particularly at

risk. Our knowledge has improved
significantly since satellites were
launched to observe the ocean and
the ice sheets and robots deployed to
explore the oceans. However, there
are critical gaps in observations of the
deep ocean, glaciers and ice sheets.

Paralleling this, the development of
computer simulations projecting ocean
and ice sheet dynamics will be the
tools that science needs, governments
will rely on and coastal communities
from the Pacific islands to the river
deltas of Asia will be demanding.

We cannot ignore sea-level change
because it has the potential to change
forever the crowded coastal fringes of
our continents,” Dr Church says.

The book was initiated by the World
Climate Research Programme and IOC
shortly after Hurricane Katrina in 2005,
but before cyclones Sidr and Nargis in
2007 and 2008. All claimed thousands
of lives.

Ocean glider recovery at CSIRO, Hobart.

icebreaker.icewall.com.au

loser to home, Australian scientists

are preparing to use the data
from a new $22m array of high-tech
equipment to help them probe deeper
into the nation’s surrounding oceans.

The new technology is part of a
vastly improved set of tools provided
by the Australian Integrated Marine
Observing System (IMOS), based at
the University of Tasmania, to study
the open ocean

“What is happening in the open
ocean is vitally important to all
Australians and their understanding of
local and regional climate,” says IMOS
Director, Tim Moltmann. “It drives

our climate and weather extremes, is
the workplace for offshore industries
and maritime defence activities and
contains a diversity of marine life that
currently is barely described.

We need to observe this part of the
earth system to understand how it’s
changing, and what the impacts might
be on current and future generations
of Australians.”

Carrying out research in harsh, remote
regions of the planet is extremely
challenging, and technology plays an
increasingly important role.

The open ocean observing array will
include:

e Autonomous profiling floats that
‘sense’ breaks in the sea ice to
transmit their data.

e Marine mammals equipped with
satellite tags.

e Underwater gliders that spend
months at sea, controlled by land-
based ‘pilots’.

e Huge moorings engineered to
withstand some of the wildest ocean
conditions.

Mr Moltmann said IMOS brings
together ocean and climate scientists
from research institutions across the
nation, including the University of
Tasmania, CSIRO, Australian Antarctic
Division, Bureau of Meteorology,
Australian Institute of Marine Science,
Sydney Institute of Marine Science,
and University of Western Australia.

A feature is continued collaboration
with northern hemisphere partners,
including the United States, France,
the United Kingdom, and Korea.

Hobart-based CSIRO oceanographer
and leader of the IMOS ocean and
climate node, Dr Susan Wijffels, says
IMOS is helping to foster a new era
of cooperation between scientific
disciplines that have not traditionally
worked together. “This is a unique
approach to monitoring the linkage
between the physical properties of
oceans, such as temperature and
salinity, and how they influence the
marine ecosystem,” Dr Wijffels says.

In the 2009 Federal Budget, IMOS
received additional funding as part of
a Marine and Climate Super Science
Initiative. Particular emphasis is being
placed on enhanced monitoring in
the Southern Ocean and in northern
Australian waters.

IMOS is supported by the Australian
Government, through the National
Collaborative Infrastructure Strategy
and the Super Science Initiative. It is
led by the University of Tasmania on
behalf of the Australian marine and
climate science community.

ICE BREAKER | 11

HISTORY

hile Australia will celebrate
the Centenary of Mawson’s

expedition to Antarctica in 2011,
Russia has this year marked the
‘190th Anniversary of the Russian
discovery and circumnavigation of
Antarctica’ by Captain Bellingshausen
on the Vostok, and Lieutenant
Lazarev on the Mirny sloops in
1819-1821. This expedition to the
southern high latitudes was part of an
ambitious plan of the Russian Imperial
Government to approach as closely

‘ as possible to the South Pole ‘to
discover new lands’.

The expedition returned to St
Petersburg in July 1821 and
Bellingshausen’s report of his voyage
was only published in St Petersburg
ten years later without generating any
particular interest. For many decades,
Bellinghausen’s report was all but
forgotten. Only in 1899, when the
International Geographical Conference
held a meeting in Berlin, which
discussed proposals for Antarctic
research, was Bellingshausen’s voyage
remembered. His report was translated
into German and published in Leipzig
in 1902, which made it available to
western readers.

An English translation of the report
appeared during World War Il, which
was ultimately edited by the Australian
born Director of the Scott Polar
Research Institute in Cambridge,
Professor Frank Debenham. It was
published by the Hakluyt Society in
London in 1945 and can be found

in both the Australian Antarctic
Division Library and the State Library
of Tasmania, titled ‘The Voyage

of Captain Bellingshausen to the
Antarctic Seas 1819 — 1821.’ In his
introduction, Debenham notes that
Bellingshausen’s ‘first real reward in
the discovery of new land, the island
which he named after Peter the Great
was the first time that land had ever
been seen within the Antarctic Circle’.

12 | He:

Russia in Antarctica

He continues that
Bellingshausen ‘describes
very clearly the appearance
of land [the mainland of the
Antarctic continent] without claiming

it as such’. According to Antarctic
historian Dr. Hugh Robert Mill, the
Russian Antarctic expedition was ‘one
of the greatest Antarctic expeditions
on record, a voyage well worthy of
being placed beside that of Cook’.

However, the almost simultaneous
sightings of the continent by the
English naval Master Edward
Bransfield, the American Captain
Nathaniel Palmer, and the Russian
Faddei Bellingshausen led to the three
countries involved claiming that their
seafarers were the first to discover the
new continent.

The Russian Historical Society in
Australia, founded in 1994, initiated
the commemoration of the 190th
Anniversary of the first Russian
expedition to Antarctica in Australia.
The Society issued a commemorative
medal (designed by Peter and Kyra
Tatarinoff) to commemorate the

event. An exhibition dedicated to the
Anniversary was organized in the
Russian Embassy in Canberra in June
and in Sydney in November this year.
By supporting the commemoration

of the expedition in both Russia and
Australia, the Russian government has
demonstrated its continuing interest in
the south polar region, which is seen
as one of the essential components
of foreign policy of any country

that seeks to play an active role in
contemporary world politics.

Although funding support for the
Russian Antarctic expedition decreased
dramatically after the breakup of the
Soviet Union, the improving economy
has allowed the Russian government
to adopt a new “Strategy for the
development of activities of the
Russian Federation in Antarctica till
2020 and beyond” in October this
year.

It has decided to allocate
» » AU$200 million for its
Antarctic programs up to
2013 and a further AU$800
million till 2020, ‘depending on the
economy’. The new strategy will allow
the upgrading and reconstruction
of Russian Antarctic stations; the
construction of five new scientific
research vessels and of a new wheel/
ski equipped airplane based on the IL
114-100T cargo aircraft.

Alexander Frolov, Deputy Director of
the Russian Hydrometeorology and
Environment Service (Roshydromet)
which is responsible for the Russian
Antarctic program, believes that this
strategy has political ramifications and
identifies the main priorities of the
activities of the Russian Federation in
Antarctica: strengthening the Russian
presence; developing infrastructure;
and providing additional logistic
support for science, aerospace activity
and fisheries.

Together with other ministries and the
Academy of Sciences, Roshydromet
plans to develop and expand the
Russian Antarctic program. Frolov,
while attending the First All Russian
conference on applied oceanography
held on 26-28 October 2010 at the
State Oceanographic Institute in
Moscow, gave further details of the
Antarctic strategy to the participants of
the conference. He touched on plans
to convert one of the summer field
camps into a year round station, thus
increasing the number of permanent
Russian stations to six.

The majority of Russian Antarctic
stations and field camps are situated
in the Australian Antarctic Territory
(AAT), including three year round
stations Mirny, Progress and Vostok
and three field camps Molodezhnaya,
Druzhnaya-4 and Soyuz.

icebreaker.icewall.com.au

SCIENCE

A newly developed, remote control
helicopter, called the Oktokopter,

will map fragile coastal moss beds
at Casey Station this summer. The
eight rotor helicopter, about 20 times
smaller than a real helicopter, was
built in Germany but adapted for the
Antarctic project by Dr Arko Lucieer
and Darren Turner from the University
of Tasmania, in collaboration with the
AAD.

It is equipped with visible colour, near-
infrared and thermal infrared cameras
and an autopilot system for flying to
pre-progranmmed GPS waypoints
Sensors will monitor the impact of
temperature changes, wind speed and
UV-B radiation on moss beds, where
distinct die-back areas have ben
observed.

The Oktokopter will help scientists
determine which terrain is supporting
the healthiest mosses.

All photos courtesy Wendy Pyper, AAD.

Regular voyages of the Akademik
Fedorov (Russian Antarctic Expedition)
and the Akademik Alexander
Karpinsky of the Polar and Marine
Geological Prospecting Expedition
(Federal Agency for Exploitation

of Mineral Resources) conduct
oceanographic, geological and
geophysical research in the Southern
Ocean.

The Russian Antarctic Expedition has
indicated that it may be interested

in calling in to an Australian

port for refuelling and taking on
provisions in those seasons when

the Russian vessels are scheduled to
circumnavigate the Antarctic continent,
which is every second year.

The Hon Stephen Smith MP, Australian
Minister for Foreign Affairs and Trade,
visited Moscow in April this year for

a meeting with the Russian Foreign
Minister Sergey Lavrov. Among a wide
range of topics, arrangements covering
Antarctic cooperation were discussed.
This is in line with the Australian
Antarctic science strategic plan
2011-12 to 2020-21 in which ‘high
priority’ is placed ‘on collaboration
across the Australian and international
research communities’.

If discussions planned for November
this year lead to the signing of a
Memorandum of Understanding

on Antarctic cooperation, it will
provide Australia and Hobart’s
Antarctic community in particular, the
opportunity to further expand and
develop Hobart’s role as a gateway to
Antarctica.

Irina Gan

Russian Translator/Liaison

Coin photos courtesy Irina Gan.

ICE BREAKER | 13

“7 he Hobart City Council was
| pleased to host a special

reception on October 15 in the

Town Hall for Antarctic expeditioners,
scientists and personnel to celebrate
the city’s connection with the Antarctic
and the departure of expeditioners for
the upcoming summer season.

As a Council, we wanted to celebrate
the success of Australia’s Antarctic
program based in our City. The
reception aimed to highlight the
importance of the Antarctic sector and
to help establish a greater awareness
of Antarctica in the minds of the
Tasmanian community.

Importantly, the Council also wanted
to celebrate the achievements of those
men and women who have been
south to Antarctica in the past and
will be going south this season.

On the night, | was joined by The
Premier, The Hon David Bartlett MP,
the Director of the Australian Antarctic
Division, Lyn Maddock and the Head
of Polar Logistics at Institut Polaire
Frangaise, Patrice Godon, to speak on
the importance of the Antarctic sector
to Hobart and Tasmania.

Top-left: Lord Mayor Rob Valentine
Top-center: Premier David Bartlett
Top-right: TPN Chairman John Brennan

Photos: Llambos Pavlidis, L P Photography

14 | 1B

cea ed

The evening was enjoyed by members
of the Tasmanian Polar Network,
together with personnel from the
Australian Antarctic Division, the
Antarctic Tasmania Science and
Research unit of the Tasmanian
Government and the University of
Tasmania through the Institute of
Marine and Antarctic Studies (IMAS).

Importantly, the reception also hosted
personnel from the French Antarctic
program, who operate from our port.

Through the Council's community
consultation we know that our position
as an Antarctic gateway is something
which is very important to the people
of our City.

Our community has said how
important it is to them to be able to
see the Aurora Australis, UAstrolabe
and other Antarctic related vessels
berthed at the wharves — it reinforces
the notion of the role that Hobart
plays.

Pir e en eee re

PUP Ueno
&

As the closest port to east Antarctica,
it is believed Hobart has the highest
number of scientists per capita of
any Australian city and hosts 65 per
cent of all the nation’s Antarctic and
Southern Ocean research scientists;
this is very significant for our City.

By holding the Antarctic Reception,
the Council is reinforcing the
importance of the Antarctic sector to
our community and we hope that it
will become an annual event. —

We look forward as a Council to
the future in raising the profile of
the Antarctic in conjunction with our
neighbouring Councils that are also
significant stakeholders.

Alderman Rob Valentine

Lord Mayor

ord Mayor Rob Valentine chose
|__the right day. With snowy weather
predicted, he selected October 15 for
the launch of the 2010-2011 Antarctic
season.

The Hobart City Council’s reception
to mark the beginning of voyages and
flights to Antarctica was held in the
Town Hall. The room was decorated
with Antarctic photos, candles and
bunches of silver balloons. Videos of
the Airbus A319 landing at Wilkins
Aerodrome and helicopter views of
Antarctica were screened on the
stage.

On arrival, guests were provided
with drinks and savouries while a
string quartet provided a musical
accompaniment.

Guests from a wide variety of
Antarctic-related activities attended,
including the Honorary Antarctic
Ambassador, Sir Guy Green; the
Mayors of Kingborough and Glenorchy;
UTAS and Australian Antarctic Division
staff, as well as expeditioners and
business members of the Tasmanian
Polar Network.

The occasion was MC’d. by John
Brennan, Chairman of the Tasmanian
Polar Network, who introduced the
Lord Mayor. He welcomed guests to
the inaugural reception and said:

“By holding the Antarctic Reception,
the Council is reinforcing the
importance of the Antarctic sector to
our community and we hope that it
will become an annual event,”

Top-left: AAD Director, Lyn Maddock

Top-center (L-R): David Vaudrey, Scott Laughlin,
Karen Westwood.

Top-right: "Strings on Fire" quartet

Left: Patrice Godon, IPEV

Centre (L-R): Richard Fader, Andrew Lee, Stephen
Parodi

Photos: Llambos Pavlidis, L P Photography

John then introduced the Premier,

David Bartlett, who is also the
Minister for Innovation, Science and

Technology.

“We are proud to be the home of the
Australian Antarctic program, and host
to the French Polar Institute’s Antarctic
gateway activities, said Mr Bartlett.

Lyn Maddock, Director of AAD
and Patrice Godon, the Head of
Polar Logistics at Institut Polaire
Frangaise, responded on behalf of
the expeditioners due to leave for
Antarctica.

The formal part of the evening was
completed with toasts to the success
of the next season.

Sadly, by the end of October, a
French helicopter had crashed in
Antarctica and four men lost their
lives. Support was immediately offered
to the French by the AAD and TPN.

For further
information

Australian Antarctic Division
www.aad.gov.au

_ Tasmanian Polar Network
| www.tpn.aq

b Sac lear het aaa

ICE BREAKER | 15

SCIENCE

CCAMLR concludes 20th

he Commission for the

Conservation for Antarctic Living
Marine Resources (CCAMLR), whose
international headquarters is in
Macquarie Street, Hobart, has just
completed its annual, month-long
series of meetings. Representatives
from CCAMLR’s 25 member countries,
observing States, the fishing industry
and from inter-governmental and
non-government organisations, totalling
approximately 200 people, participated
in the meetings.

Over a period of two weeks starting
in early October a working group

of scientists met to consider the
status and trends of fish stocks

in the Southern Ocean. At the
same time another working group
reviewed standards and accreditation
procedures for the deployment of
scientific observers on all fishing
vessels operating in the Southern
Ocean.

The Commission commenced its
annual meeting in the third week.

It was opened by His Excellency
Peter Underwood AC, Governor of
Tasmania and chaired by Ambassador
Don Mackay from New Zealand.
During the first week of its meeting
the Commission set time aside for

a Scientific Committee to meet to
consider the scientific advice provided
by working groups that had met in
the UK, South African and in Hobart
throughout the year.

In addition to the advice on the
status of harvested species, the
Scientific Committee received advice
on statistics and analytical methods
that are applied in the assessments
of precautionary catch limits for fish
and krill and a range of ecosystem-
related issues including the impact of
bottom fishing in the Convention Area
on vulnerable marine ecosystems.
Related discussions concerned
progress towards the establishment
of a representative system of marine .
protected areas in the Southern
Ocean. —

16 | Se.

Annual Session

At the same time as the Scientific
Committee was meeting, separate
meetings of an administration and
finance committee and a compliance-

related committee were also underway.

In addition to considering finance
matters associated with the operations
of the CCAMLR Secretariat, the
finance and administration committee
discussed the Secretariat’s strategic
plan, its new ‘greener office policy”,
cost recovery possibilities for the
administration of fisheries and means
by which to support engagement of
developing States in the work of the
Commission.

The compliance-related committee
reviewed conservation measures
previously adopted by the Commission
with considerable attention given

to issues associated with illegal,
unregulated and un-reported (IUU)
fishing in the Southern Ocean. This
included efforts to identify responsible
parties and the potential size of their
catch.

The issue of IUU fishing in the
Southern Ocean has been of
significant concern to the Commission
for more than a decade.

Current estimates are that

up to seven vessels fished in
contravention of CCAMLR’s
regulations in 2009/10 and that
they caught up to 1,615 tonnes

of valuable toothfish, including
from some areas where the illegal
catch far exceeded the legal
catch limits.

Of increasing concern are reports

that all of these vessels are reported
to be deploying gillnets — a non-
discriminatory fishing method that
results in significantly broader
ecosystem impacts .particularly as any
lost gear continues to ‘ghost fish’ long
after the vessels have left the area.

In the final week, the Commission
considered the advice provided by
each of the Committees. It revised
existing measures and adopted new
measures governing the operations of
fishing vessels and fisheries. Significant
outcomes included a decision to
extend scientific observer coverage in
the krill fishery to not less than 50%
of vessels in 2010/11 with each vessel
to be observed at least once every 2
seasons, aligning this fishery closer to
the 100% observer coverage required
in all other CCAMLR fisheries.

Krill vessels will also now be required
to participate fully in he Commission’s
satellite-based vessel monitoring
system. Other measures related to
limits in established and exploratory
fisheries for icefish, toothfish and

krill including the continuation of the
apportioning of the krill catch among
management units adopted in 2009,
the regulation of bottom fishing
activities, scientific research and
processes for notifications associated
with participation in a fishery.

Next year’s annual meeting will mark
CCAMLR’s 30th anniversary.

Drew Wright

Executive Secretary, CCAMLR

Acronyms frequently
used in Ice Breaker

AAD
Australian Antarctic Division

ACE CRC
Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems
Cooperative Research Centre

AT
Antarctic Tasmania

CCAMLR

Commission for the Conservation
of Antarctic Marine Living
Resources

icebreaker.icewall.com.au

Whale reprieve

Lead singer from the South African
group The Lemmings has recorded

a song called ‘Voices from the Blue’
in honour of whales, with some

of the proceeds being donated to
the International Fund for Animal
Welfare’s campaign to protect whales.
This year’s International Whaling
Commission’s proposal to lift the ban
on commercial whaling failed because
of objections from IFAW and other
whale conservation groups.

Change of place

The Imaginarium Science Centre in
Devonport will merge with a Jungle
Jim play centre and a Lazerzone to
become Pandemonium: the Devonport
Discovery and Adventure Centre.

Due to be opened before Christmas,
the new centre is situated on North

Fenton Street.

Hobart’s new maritime
and Antarctic venues

Plans for the University of Tasmania’s
new Institute of Marine and Antarctic
Studies were revealed in September
this year. The three-storey institute will
replace the Princes Wharf No. 2 Shed
on Hobart’s waterfront. The ground
floor will have a public exhibition area,
with live video from Antarctica, and
people will be able to check weather
conditions at Antarctic station or track
tagged seals and whales in real time.

The first stage of Prince’s Wharf Shed
No. 1’s refurbishment was completed
last month and ready for a series

of events, including the Taste of
Tasmania in December. Some of the
stalls and trade tables for the Wooden
Boat Festival in February next year will
be housed in the Shed. The second
redevelopment stage will occur from
March to July, with a new fitout,
outside decking and better facilities for
other festivals.

If planning approval is granted,
replicas of two of Mawson’s Huts

at Cape Denison, Antarctica, will

be installed near Mawson Place in
Hobart, in time for the centenary of
the explorer’s voyage to Antarctica late
next year. Funding is being sought

for the erection of the huts, which
may remain in place for two years,
before being relocated elsewhere

on the waterfront. Chairman of the
Mawson’s Huts Foundation, David
Jensen, considers the replicas to be
an important tourist attraction and

a reminder of the significance of

Sir Douglas Mawson’s contribution

to Australia’s territorial claims in
Antarctica.

Macquarie Island losses

Three hundred birds from at least four
species have perished from ingesting
poison baits left to reduce rabbits
and other rodents on the island.

Poor weather conditions prevented
helicopters dropping most of the bait
and hunting has also been delayed.

Voyage plans

In 2012, Don Mcintyre, from Ocean
Frontiers in Tasmania, is planning to
recreate Ernest Shackleton’s rescue
mission in an open boat, across
the Southern Ocean. He recently
completed Captain William Bligh’s

voyage across the Pacific in 1789.

CSIRO call

Free membership of CSIRO Alumni
is now offered to all former staff and
students. For more information, visit
csiroalumni.org.au

Ice bikes

Expeditioners at Casey or Davis
Station now have the option to
cycle from their accommodation
blocks to work. Each station has
two mountain bikes, equipped with
panniers for tools, and they are a

Polar News

popular alternative to quad bikes and
utes for short journeys. If the trial is
successful, more bikes will be sent
down next summer.

Southern cruises

One of the companies offering
Antarctic cruises this summer are
Intrepid Travel, which offered a 19-day
cruise on the Polar Star departing
Ushuaia, Argentina on November 22,
2010. Also departing from Ushuaia

is Cruisabout’s MS Expedition with
11-day cruises during December 2010
and February 2011. Orion Expedition
Cruises departs Dunedin, NZ in
December 2010 for 18 nights to visit
Mawson’s huts. In addition, a 21-night
cruise to visit Scott and Shackleton’s
bases will depart Hobart, Tasmania
in January 2011. Heritage Expeditions
lis offering 28-day 'In the footsteps of
Mawson' voyages during December
2010 and January 2011. Peregrine,
World Expeditions and Silversea
Expeditons are also advertising their
Antarcttic voyages.

Name links

With Mawson and Amundsen
centenary events starting next year,
a check was made of Tasmanian
places that commemorate these
early explorers. Warrane in Southern
Tasmania has an Amundsen Crescent,
and there is an Amundsen Street

in Ravenswood in the north of the
state. There’ is a Mawson Road near
Somerset in the north-west and
Mawson Place in Hobart.

Cool records

An ANARE oral history program is
being trailed in Tasmania. Funding
was secured from the ANARE Club
national council to supply recording
equipment, workshops to design
appropriate question formats and
record the histories effectively. If
successful, the program will be
extended throughout Australia.

ICE BREAKER | 17

EDUCATION

_The Polar World came to
Hobart in October

The World Meteorological
Organization’s (WMO) Executive
Council Panel of Experts on Polar
Observations, Research and Services
(EC-PORS) held its second meeting
in Hobart, Australia from October

18 - 20, 2010. The Panel’s first
meeting was held in Ottawa, Canada
in October 2009.

What is EC-PORS?

EC-PORS is the body within the WMO
that is responsible for the overall
coordination of polar activities amongst
WMO member countries. It was
formed in 2009 in recognition by the
WMO Congress and Executive Council
of the need to globally coordinate

the exchange of meteorological and
other environmental data from the
polar regions to research, monitor

and predict the state of the polar
atmosphere. The Panel continues

the legacy of the enhanced polar
monitoring and research systems

that were developed during the
2007-2008 International Polar Year.
Matters relating to the cryosphere of
elevated areas in mid to low latitudes
(snow caps, glaciers, etc.) are also
considered by EC-PORS. This is
sometimes referred to as the ‘third
pole’.

Panel Members

EC-PORS is composed of experts
nominated by WMO member
countries, including parties to the

18 | Kea

Polar weather conference

EC-PORS Co Chairs, Greg Ayers, foreground, and
David Grimes (Photo courtesy: Neil Gordon)

Antarctic Treaty, that have active
meteorological, hydrological and
cryospheric programs in the polar
regions The Panel is presently
co-chaired by Dr Greg Ayers of the
Australian Bureau of Meteorology
and Mr David Grimes from the
Meteorological Service of Canada.

Experts from the following 16
countries currently participate in
EC-PORS Argentina, Australia,
Canada, Chile, China, Finland, France,
Germany, Iceland, Italy, New Zealand,
Norway, Russian Federation, South
Africa, United Kingdom and the United
States of America. The European
Space Agency and the International
Arctic Social Sciences Association are
also represented. Other countries may
join EC- PORS as the Panel matures
in scope and focus.

Outcomes sought from
EC-PORS

The delivery of meteorological,
hydrological and cryospheric services
are key drivers for EC-PORS. For
example, the polar service needs of
the Council of Managers of National
Antarctic Programs (COMNAP)

and the Global Maritime Distress
Safety System (GMDSS) guide the
development of the EC-PORS work
program. Underpinning the delivery of
services are research and observations
which are crucial to validating the
research and serving operational
needs.

Key Projects

EC-PORS is concentrating its efforts
on:

e a ‘Polar Prediction System’ that
delivers service focused products
for polar regions to ‘mitigate risks to
people working in these areas;

e assessment of the concept of

an International Polar Decade (IPD)
as a mechanism for fostering multi
-disciplinary and multi-agency efforts
to better understand polar issues in
order to improve the effectiveness of
a Polar Prediction System ; and

e a Global Cryospheric Watch, under
which observations of the cryosphere
(including tropical highland snow
fields/glaciers) are made globally in a
systematic manner in order to better
monitor and characterise the effects of
a changing environment on the Earth's
frozen water.

Work Program

The Panel has established 3
Frameworks to advance its work in
target areas: Services; Observations;
and Research. A small team of
Antarctic specialists continues

to address matters related to
telecommunications and monitoring
networks given the unique nature of
Antarctic governance.

Partnerships and
Engagement

EC-PORS recognises that there is

a wide range of groups, agencies
and commissions that contribute

to the welfare of people operating

in polar areas and who seek to
assess the impact of polar regions
on global weather and climate. There
is therefore a strong focus within
EC-PORS in maintaining engagement,
not only within the WMO system,

but with the broader global services,
operations, and research communities.

A reminder of the
dangers of Antarctica
Operations

To end the EC-PORS meeting in
Hobart, during the early evening of
Wednesday 20 October 2010, the
delegates enjoyed a sail around the
Derwent Estuary on the tall ship the
Lady Nelson. During the sail delegates

icebreaker.icewall.com.au

New drifter buoys

obart based Metocean Services

International (MSI) is pleased to
advise its first sale of the recently
secured agency of MetOcean Data
Systems was to the Australian
Antarctic Division (AAD) in Kingston.
The AAD ordered two of the iSVP
Iridium based drifter buoys for use in
its extensive research program and
these were delivered with Lithium
batteries installed to increase the
measurement duration of the buoys.

The iSVP is an innovative addition to
the spherical drifter family and uses
GPS to track ocean current as well
as provide barometric data. Additional
sensors available for the iSVP include
salinity and wind speed & direction.
The use of Iridium telemetry on

the buoy ensures excellent satellite

noted the French Antarctic re-supply
ship LAstrolabe was about to take
on board two helicopters for the then
upcoming re-supply of the French
Antarctic station Dumont d’Urville.
EC-PORS delegates express their
deepest sympathy to the families;
friends; and colleagues of the four
expeditioners who lost their lives in
the subsequent accident in Antarctica
involving one of these helicopters.

The Importance of the
Polar Regions

The north and south polar regions
are the two heat sinks of the global
climate system and play a crucial role
in general circulations of the ocean
and atmosphere. To play its vital

role of radiating back to space the
excess energy transported poleward
from the overheated tropics,. the high
latitude atmosphere develops it's

own unique structure and weather
systems that nonetheless are linked
to the middle and lower latitudes in
ways not yet fully understood. For
example, recent work at the Antarctic
Climate and Ecosystem Cooperative

coverage due to the extensive
network of Iridium satellites, and also
enables bi-directional communication
with the buoy, allowing the reporting
period to be changed remotely to
preserve batteries, or to allow more
efficient tracking and recovery when a
vessel is in the area.

The iSVP is just one of many
products in the impressive portfolio
from MetOcean that MSI now offers
in Australia. These include Polar

Area Weather Stations, Self Locating
Datum Marker Buoys, Oil and Current
Tracking Buoys, Ice Mass Balance
Buoys, Polar Ocean Profiling Systems
and Iridium based submersible
tracking beacons.

With offices in Australia & South
Africa, and using state of the art

Research Centre in Hobart, has
shown an inverse relationship between
rainfall over south western Australia
and precipitation over the Antarctic.
From the sea ice dominated high
northern latitudes of the Arctic, the
vast ice-covered content of Antarctica
in the south, to the snow and ice
capped elevated areas of mid and
low latitudes, the scientific challenges
of the weather and climate of frozen
regions have always intrigued and
inspired. For the past 130 years, the
polar atmosphere has been studied by
a band of dedicated polar scientists
with a special effort every 50 years
or so with a succession of Polar
Years — culminating in the International
Polar Year (IPY) in 2007-08 and

now, the development of EC-PORS.
The meteorological stations in polar
areas have the fundamental purpose
of providing weather observations for
real-time numerical weather prediction
on regional and global scales, as

well as for the climate record.The
need to understand polar systems is
growing in importance. We continue
to see accelerating changes in the
environments of polar regions (such

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Stefan Stimson

as melting of permafrost), and an
increasing number and complex
needs of users (Such as tourism

and economic development). The
retreat of glaciers, decline in arctic
sea-ice and changes in the margins
of Antarctica and Greenland all
contribute to a body of evidence that
supports the global warming trend
and a need to understand global
change.Meteorological, hydrological
and cryospheric research, the
operations that underpin this research
and the services that the research
supports, are vital to further develop
our understanding of global ocean
circulation, the carbon cycle, sea
levels and weather patterns. This
understanding is vital for the safety of
operations in the polar regions, the
wellbeing of the human populations
of the Arctic, and the benefit of the
global community and environment.

Steve Pendlebury, Cherie
Stitz, Jon Gill, and Valentina
Lazarevska

Australian Bureau of Meteorology

ICE BREAKER |! 19

Climate Futures for
Tasmania: An Australian
first in climate change

| has used its unique
assemblage of researchers, and
its Community networks to get on
the front foot in understanding how
climate change will affect the island
state.

The first Climate Futures for Tasmania
report, which was launched by

the Tasmanian Minister for Climate
Change, Nick McKim, on Tuesday 12
October 2010, charts the projected
changes that climate change will bring
to Tasmania out to the end of this
century.

An Australian first, the report’s
fine-scale climate modelling gives
Tasmania the jump on the rest of
Australia (and most of the world)
in having realistic climate change
projections to inform decisions
about the future.

The importance of the Climate
Futures for Tasmania report cannot
be underestimated. Global greenhouse
gas emissions have already ‘locked
in’ a general increase in temperature
across Tasmania — but the emissions
path the world is currently travelling
brings Tasmania very close to the
predicted 2.9 degrees Celsius increase
in average annual temperature by the
end of the century — this is a six-fold
increase in the observed temperature
increase over the last 50 years.

What is inevitable is that the past
we know will not be the same the
future we face. Decisions about
major infrastructure investment or the
course of agricultural development
must be informed by well researched
projections of future climate. That is
the reality confronting all governments
and communities.

20 | ge.

Tony Press

ICEWATCH

...Significant changes to the geographic
and seasonal patterns of rainfall

Studies like Climate Futures for
Tasmania should become the
centrepiece of plans to adapt to
climate change. They will provide
a climate service to governments
and the community in a similar way
that weather forecasts do. Regular
reanalyses and projections can
then be made to take into account
new information or better modelling
to refine our views of the future.
Adapting to climate change will be
much harder without this.

From conception, it was designed to
understand and integrate the impacts
of climate change on Tasmania's
weather, water catchments, agriculture
and climate extremes. In the course
of the project more than twice the
amount of data that was used by
the IPCC to model global climate
was processed to model changes

to Tasmanian climate. Six global
climate models were ‘downscaled’ to
a 10-kilometre grid over Tasmania,
so that the detailed landscape could
be taken into account in describing
how the climate operates. The models
were then tested against real climate
data (for example, temperature,
rainfall, humidity and evaporation)
from detailed weather observations
taken across Tasmania since 1960.
The models realistically reflected the
historical record and the scientists
therefore have confidence in their
ability to describe future changes.

In setting up the project a great deal
of effort went in to discussing with
‘end-users’ what they wanted to know
about climate change in their area of
business, and what climate variables
were important to them. The results
of these discussions and ongoing
dialogue between the scientists and
the community means that Climate
Futures for Tasmania will, from this
point on, provide a series of specific
reports covering diverse subjects such
as impacts on agriculture; extreme
tide and sea level events; severe
wind and hazards; and water and
catchments.

In this way, the results of the scientific
modelling will be presented in a way
that can be used to guide future
decisions for specific areas of the
Tasmanian economy. Not many climate
modellers would have begun their
research by using information about
how to grow Pinot Noir in a scientific
study of climate change, for example.

The Climate Futures for Tasmania
research has found both winners and
losers in its projections. One important
finding is the fact that Tasmania, with
its geographical location and maritime
environment, is expected to warm
less than the global average, and that
projected for mainland Australia. And
the regional changes projected for
Tasmania mean that some areas will
become more suitable for crops that
cannot be grown at present. Lovers of
Australian hearty reds may be pleased
to know that Tasmania will become
more suitable for growing Shiraz,

and less for Pinot Noir. This doesn’t
mean that there won’t be downsides:
for example, the general increase in
temperature and loss of rainfall in the
central and north-western parts of
Tasmania has implications across the
economy, from farming and agriculture
to power generation.

The study projects an average
temperature rise for Tasmania of 2.9
degrees Celsius by 2100 under a high
greenhouse gas emissions scenario
(the path being tracked at present);
and 1.6 degrees Celsius under a low
greenhouse gas scenario.

Both the low and high end
temperature changes are, on average,
below the projected temperature rises
around the globe.

Annual Tasmanian rainfall is expected
to remain about the same as the
observed average of the last 50
years, but climate change will bring
significant changes to the geographic
and seasonal patterns of rainfall.

icebreaker.icewall.com.au

Above: The setting sun highlights a thunderstorm near Port Hedland, Western Australia, 26 February 2009.
Justs of 93 km/h were recorded. Photograph: KATIE DAVIS. Below: Cloud edge rotation in a severe thun-
derstorm cell above Hornsby, north of Sydney, New South Wales, 24 January 2004. Photograph: ANDREW

TRELOAR.

Photos from the 2011 Australian Weather Calendar, produced by the Bureau of Meteorology.

More rain is expected to fall in
coastal regions of Tasmania, while
the centre and northwest of Tasmania
will become drier. And the complex
interactions between temperature
and rainfall will bring changes to
other climate and weather variables
such as evaporation: an important
consideration for an economy which
is tied so strongly to its ability to
generate hydroelectric power.

In keeping with its focus on end
users, Climate Futures for Tasmania
was launched before an audience of
110 people from across the research,
policy, government and industry
communities of Tasmania.

The next step is to inform these
groups of the results of the research,
but more importantly, to discuss how

the results can be used in responding

to climate change.

The Climate Futures for Tasmania
project was funded by a consortium
of partners including the Australian
and Tasmanian governments, and
was carried out by scientists at the
Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems
Cooperative Research Centre at the
University of Tasmania.

Tony Press

CEO, Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems
Cooperative Research Centre

|

an Fag _
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After a trip to the Antarctic or our
own Tasmanian wilderness your
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We wash and loft, rejuvenate and
recase existing quilts, pillows and
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Phone 6227 1790 or 0410 220 293

ASTROLABE
BOOKSELLERS

Fine, Old & Rare Books
bought and sold

Tasmaniana, Antarctica,
Australiana & much more

81 Salamanca Place
Hobart TAS 7000
Phone /Fax: (03) 6223 8644
books@astrolabebooks.com.au

www.astrolabebooks.com.au

ICE BREAKER | 21

BOOK

Way Down North: Dene
Life — Dene Land

By Rene Fumoleau
Published by Novalis
Price: $29.95

A collection of photos showing the
landscape and culture of Northern
: Canada over the four seasons.

BOOK

Inuit Education and Schools
in the Eastern Arctic

By Heather McGregor
Published by UBC Press
Price: $80.00

This is the first book about the
development of education in the
eastern Arctic region. It covers the
educational challenges of the area
such as policymaking and cultural
negotiation during the traditional,
colonial, territorial and local periods.

BOOK
Iceberg Tea

Annelies Pool
Prelude Books
Price: $14.95

The author’s collection of columns
written about everyday life and
unexpected encounters in a cabin
near Yellowknife in the Northwest
Territories of Canada.

NEW STAMPS

The Australian Territories Collection
of Stamps 2010 includes Macquarie
Island. Price: $24.95 from Aus. Post.

22 | Hm.

Polar Publications

BOOK

Still Life: Inside the Antarctic
Huts of Scott and Shackleton

Antarctic Heritage Trust Director Nigel
Watson) and NZ photographer Jane
Ussher

Published by Murdoch Books

Price: $79.95

A collection of Antarctic landscape
photos and close-ups of these
explorer’s huts, together with essays
about these conserved sites

BOOK
I am just going outside:
Captain Oates — Antarctic
Tragedy

By Michael Smith
Published by Spellmount Ltd
Price: $24.00

A biography of Captain Oates,
including his background and time in
Antarctica, as well as his comments
on Scott’s second expedition. His
diary and letters to his mother and
sister are the basis of this book and
the author also compares Scott’s
progress towards the South Pole to
that of Amundsen’s.

BOOK

Understanding Sea-level Rise
and Variability
John Church et al

Published by Wiley, UK
Price: $69.95

For information about this book, see
Page 10

BOOK

Uumajut: Learn about Arctic
Wildlife!

By Simon Awa et al
Published by Inhabit Media
Price: $10.79

ert‘
——————EE eee _~—O-—tét

BOOK COLLECTION

Over 400 books and other Antarctic-
related materials have recently been
donated to TMAG by Rosemary
Balmford from Melbourne. The
collection will be housed in TMAG's
library at its Rosny Collections and
Research annexe. Researchers and
the public will be able to access the
material by appointment.

FILM

A trailer for Arctic Blast, the science-
fiction disaster movie filmed in
Tasmania last year, has been released.
Although no Australian release date
has been announced, the trailer can
be seen on themercury.com.au

WEBINARS

Arctic Kingdom Polar Expeditions in
Canada is offering free, hour-long
webinars:

December 2, 2010 — Arctic Diving
December 8, 2010 — Bowhead
Whales, Walrus and Polar Bears of
Foxe Basin

December 12, 2010 — Bowhead
Whales, Polar Bears and Glaciers of
Baffin Island

For further details and registration, see
arctickingdom.com

icebreaker.icewall.com.au

Ice Birds

Birgit Sattler

Born: 1969

Occupation: Limnologist (USA)
Notable Expeditions: Antarctica:

Dry Valleys, South Pole, Patriot Hills,
Pecora Escarpment; Antarctic Peninsula;
Svalbard; Greenland

Award: Wings 2008 Air and Space
Award-— www.wingsworldquest.org
Websites: www.uibk.ac.at/ecology/staff/
staff.html.en

Water Expedition

Ann Bancroft and Liv Arnesen will
celebrate the 100th Anniversary of
Roald Amundsen being the first man

to reach the South Pole, by arranging
an international of women to follow his
route. The team of 6 women will start
the expedition at the Bay of Whales in
October 2011 and hope to reach the
Pole in January 2012. The educational
theme of the expedition will be Water —
to draw attention to the current global
water crisis. More details on YourExpe-
dition.com

Erin Pettit

Born: 1971

Occupation: Glaciologist and educator
(Austria)

Notable Expeditions: Antarctica: West
Antarctic Divide, Siple Dome, Dry
Valleys

Award: Wings Wings 2007 Earth
Award — www.wingsworldquest.org
Website: earthweb.ess.Washington.edu/
Ink/pettit

With over 30 years and 30,000 flying hours of Antarctic experience,
Helicopter Resources has forged an enviable record in the service and
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Helicopter Resources has supported the national Antarctic expeditions of
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and expert pilots and engineers.

Helicopter Resources is committed to safety, reliability and
customer satisfaction.

Helicopter Resources — experts in the field of
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Phone: 03 6248 5130 Fax: 03 6248 5342
PO Box 321 Rosny Tasmania 7018
Email: adminhobart@helires.com.au

helires.com.au

The Tasmanian Ports Corporation, through the Port of Hobart, plays a vital role in
fostering the endeavours of the world’s Southern Ocean and Antarctic operators.

The port is a conveniently located, well-serviced, cost-effective and strategically
important base for Antarctic, sub-Antarctic and Southern Ocean programs.

It provides important services for both international and regional vessel operators
and crew to access fuel, provisions, stevedoring, maintenance, accommodation
and recreational services.

Tasports, a member of the Tasmanian Polar Network, welcomes all enquiries regarding
its services for Antarctic and Southern Ocean activities.

Tasmanian Ports Corporation Pty Ltd Tasmania's

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vy

POLAR CALENDAR

val 7 es Nida

=

14 December 2010 TPN meeting 3.00pm CSIRO. Hobart, Tasmania
27-29 January 2011 History Workshop: Exploring Ice and Snow in the Cold War. Munich, Germany
27-29 March 2011 Arctic Science Summit Week. Seoul, Korea

1719 May 2011 5th Ukrainian International Antarctic Conference. National Antarctic Scientific Centre, |
Kyiv, Ukraine. Entitled ‘Antarctica and Earth Global Systems: New Challenges and
Outlooks. Email: uac@uac.gov.au |

14-15 June 2011 5th Malaysian International Seminar on Antarctica (MISA5). Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Held
in conjunction with the 22nd Pacific Science Conference. Theme: Rapid Warming in the
Polar Regions and its implications to the Pacific’.

20 June 2011- ATCM XXXIV - CEP XV. Buenos Aires, Argentina.

1 July 2011

10-16 = July 2011 ISAES XI - 11th International Symposium on Antarctic Earth Sciences. Edinburgh,
Scotland :

For further information, see www.environment.gov.au/about/media/events and www.scar.org/events

Antarctic Flights
4-6 December 2010 Basler T. DC3. FBO11CP McMurdo to Casey, to Davis, to Novolazarevskaya
9 December 2010 C-212 FC08,09 Davis to Casey and return |
20 December 2010 Airbus A319 FAOOA,B Hobart to Wilkins Aerodrome and return |
i 20 December 2010 C-212 FC10,11 Casey to Davis and return
January 2011 C-212 FC12,13 Davis to Mawson and return
January 2011 Airbus A319 FAOQ1A,B Hobart to Wilkins Aerodrome and return
1 January 2011 Airbus A319 FAOQ2A,B Hobart to Wilkins Aerodrome and return
18 January 2011 Airbus A319 FAO3A,B Hobart to Wilkins Aerodrome and return
20 January 2011 Basler T. DC3 FBO21CP Casey To McMurdo
24 January 2011 C-212 FC14 Davis to Casey
25 January 2011 Airbus A319 FAO4A,B Hobart to Wilkins Aerodrome and return
February 2011 Airbus A319 FAOSA,B Hobart to Wilkins Aerodrome and return
8 February 2011 Airbus A319 FAO6A,B Hobart to Wilkins Aerodrome and return
15 February 2011 C-212 ~ FC15 Casey to Hobart
if) February 2011 Airbus A319 FAO7A,B Hobart to Wilkins Aerodrome and return
15 February 2011 C-212 FC16 Casey to Hobart
26 February 2011 Airbus A319 FAO8A,B Hobart to Wilkins Aerodrome and return

Subject to change. Check www.aad.gov.au

24 | vas. icebreaker.icewall.com.au

Phillip Law Symposium

he Academy of Technological

Sciences and Engineering (ATSE)
hosted Going South: Phillip Law
Commemorative Antarctic Science
Symposium on September 15, at the
Melbourne Exhibition and Convention
Centre. The seminar commemorated
the career and contribution of the late
Sir Phillip Law AC CBE FAA FTSE,
who was Director of the Australian
Antarctic Division (AAD) from 1949 to
1966.

Ax

PAR AVION

Kai +802% 2010-2011
The Great Wall Station Winter Over

CHINAREZith
Fin S tees

2009-2010
The Great Wall Station

is

In addition, it overviewed Antarctic
science and its relevance and
importance to Australia. The

seminar linked the ATSE Victorian

and Tasmanian Divisions, with the
Academy of Science, the Royal
Society of Victoria and was supported
by the AAD.

s its
20% pea Rese

Jin Lei
0. 63, Fuxing Ave.

HA ew 1008S Bailing

The 26th Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition

HISTORY

Ms Lyn Maddock, Director of AAD,
Officially opened the event. Speakers
from Tasmania included Professors
Pat Quilty, Mark Hindell and Gustaaf
Hallegraeff (UTAS), Dr Tony Press
(ACE CRC); Doctors John Gunn, Tony
Worby, Steve Nichol and Tas van
Ommen (AAD).

The first sessions were by Fred Elliot
and Major lan Toohill, ANARE Club
Australia, and Pat Quilty, who spoke
of Phillip Law’s Antarctic contributions.
The second session, by AAD staff,
concerned aspects of Antarctic
science and the effects of global
warming. This continued after lunch
with topics of marine ecosystems and
ocean acidification. The last session
concerned ice cores and climate
changes.

Others participating in the seminar
were Peter Laver, Vice President

of ATSE, Professors John Zillman
(Bureau of Meteorology), Marilyn Ball
(ANU), lan Simmonds (University of
Melbourne) and Dr Graeme Pearman
(Graeme Pearman Consulting). Closing
comments were made by Barry Jones
AO (pictured above).

Photos courtesy Sue Halliwell

Stamp covers courtesy Klaus Arne Pedersen

ICE BREAKER | 25

SHIPPING & AIR CALENDAR Be ext

Shipping
1-3 December 2010 L’Astrolabe AST2 Departs Hobart for Commonwealth Bay
1 December 2010 Aurora Australis V1 Departs Hobart for Casey Station
8-4 December 2010 Spirit of Enderby T2 Macquarie Island.
8 December 2010 Orion T3 Departs Hobart for Macquarie Island
9-10 December 2010 Spirit of Enderby Vz Arrives Bluff, NZ, departs for Macquarie Island
9-10 December 2010 LAstrolabe AST2 Commonwealth Bay, Dumont D'Urville
12 December 2010 Orion TES) Macquarie Island
10-18 December 2010 Aurora Australis V2 Casey Station.

' 15-16 December 2010 Orion 14 Macquarie Island
21-28 December 2010 Orion T3 Arrives Dunedin, NZ, departs for Macquarie Island
22-24 December 2010 L’Astrolabe AST3 Arrives Hobart, departs for Dumont D'Urville
27-29 December 2010 Aurora Australis MS Arrives Hobart, departs for Marine Science
30 December 2010- Aurora Australis V2 ' Marine Science
24 January 2011 V2
30 December 2010- LAstrolabe AST3 Dumont D'Urville
2 January 2011
8-20 January 2011 L’Astrolabe AST3 Marine Science
3 January 2011 Orion T4 Arrives Bluff, NZ
4-7 January 2011 Orion T6 Commonwealth Bay
11 January 2011 Orion T6 Macquarie Island
13 January 2011 Spirit of Enderby T7 Departs Dunedin for Macquarie island
15 January 2011 Orion T6 Arrives Dunedin, NZ, departs for Macquarie Island
18 January 2011 Spirit of Enderby T7 Macquarie Island
21-23 January 2011 L’Astrolabe AST3 Commonwealth Bay, Dumont D'Urville
23. January 2011 Orion T8 Macquarie Island
27 January 2011 Orion T8 Arrives Hobart
29 January 2011 L’Astrolabe AST4 Arrives Hobart
1-3 February 2011 Aurora Australis V2 Arrives Hobart, departs for Mawson Station
5 February 2011 Xuelong THA Departs Fremantle WA for Casey Station
10-11 February 2011 Spirit of Enderby T7 Arrives Bluff, NZ, departs for Macquarie Island
16 February 2011 Spirit of Enderby T9 Macquarie Island
15-18 February 2011 Xuelong ’ THA Casey Station
15-23 February 2011 Aurora Australis V3 Mawson Station
28 February 2011 Xuelong THA1 Arrives Hobart

For flight details, see Page 24

icebreaker.icewall.com.au

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