QKI 733 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM O.2 SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA PART FIVE im eds eb sy Lak 7 } h nes su oe 5 ives ct me cre cna a ae | eer oa | es ari at lA aN ? sii cn " EN Sat uty mr ‘ PE TIM, Caen Hee eM ee CR NC MT A eT eT Te SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1059 Masdevallia barlaeana Rchb.f., Gard. Chron. 5(1): 170, 1876. Ety.: Named in honor of J. E. Barla Esa. botanist and orchidologist, Consul of Brazil and director of the Museum of Natural History, Nice, France. Plant in size, terrestrial, caespitose to shortl Ramicauls stout, 2-5 cm long, enclosed by 2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, 5-13 cm long eines an indis- tinct petiole 2-4 cm long, the blade — elliptical, subacute to obtuse, 1.5-2.2 cm wide, gradually narrowed below into the channel ed pe - Inflorescence a solitary, showy flower borne ihe a relatively slender, , 15-20 cm long, with a bract below the middle, from low on the ramicaul; floral bract 1-1.5 cm long; pedicel 2-4 cm long; ovary 1-1.5 cm se pont bright red-purple, to red, suffused or veined in darker red or purple, snag on pubescent within, the dorsal sepal linear-obovate, 20-22 mm long, 5 mm wide at the orifice of the tube, coat to the Sie sepals fi mm into a narrow, cylindrical, sepaline tube, the apex rounded, abrup tracted into slender, Pog ie tail 2. 5- “3 cm long, the lateral | sepals more or less obovate, oblique, 30-35 mm aie connate 25- fid lamina, 26-28 mm wide, ae the apices obtuse, contracted into slender tails 12-14 mm long; petals w oblong, 6mm long, 2 mm wide, the apex truncate, trilobed, the labellar mnargia’ with a ogi a ending ina short, obtuse process at the base; lip white, suffi i , oblong, thin, 5 mm wide, slightly sulcate centrally, the apex obtuse, with alo lius, the b pe — column white, semiterete, 5 mm long, the rai stout, t, 1-2 mm long with a slender, in- urved exten: PERU: Cuzco: without locality, W. Davis s.n. (Holotype: W): Urubamba, Lemcaypata-Sta. Rita, alt. 2200-2800 m, 28 Mar. 1942, C. Vargas 2658 (CUZ, and Machu Picchu, C. Vargas s.n. (CUZ); near Pefias, alt. 3600 m, Jan. — wt by Kéniger W- ne B. Aig & M. Mai n. (K). Apurimac: uebrada ame of Clitschexos, sides of rag cliffs, 12800 m, 27 Feb. 1939, H.E. Stork & 0.B gran ie (UC). hank locality, Don & O. Robl La Ceja, Oct. 1977, C. Luer 2287 (SEL). Masdevallia barlaeana was discovered around 1875 by Walter Davis while col- lecting plants of M. veitchiana for Messrs. Veitch. Apparently limited in distribution to the high altitudes of southeastern Peru, it is closely allied to the frequent and widely distributed M. amabilis that occurs at high altitudes from northern to southern Peru. Both species occur in similar, exposed, rocky habitats. The red-orange color of the flowers of M. barlaeana is distinctive, but the two are often difficult to distinguish. The apices of the lateral sepals are obtuse instead of acute and acuminate as in M. amabilis, and the tails are shorter. Also, the angle between the blades of the lateral sepals is obtuse instead of acute. The morphology of the petals and lip of the two species is essentially the same Hybdidization between the two must also occur. Where M. barlaeana grows in company with M. veitchiana, the hybrid M. Xsplendida occurs. ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM ! | Z SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1061 Masdevallia coccinea Linden ex Lindl., Orc Lindeniana 5, 1846. hidaceae Ety.: From the Latin coccineus, ‘‘a bright, deep red color,” referring to color of the flowers. Syn.: Masdevallia militaris Rchb.f. & Warsz., Bonplandia 2 eh = 283, 1854. Ety.: From the Latin militaris, ‘of the military,” in allusion to the bright red flowers. Syn.: Masdevallia lindenii André, Ill. Hort. 17: 226, t. 42, 1870. Ety.; Named i in honor of Jean Linden of Ghent, B elgium, discoverer of this species, and in odie Masdevallia coccinea var. lindenii André, Ill. Hort. 17: 266, 1870. 7 Syn.: hb.f., Gard. Chron 1871 Ety.: Named in honor of Sir tens James Veitch ie aches this species. Syn.: Masdevallia harryana var. sanguinea hort., Gard. Chron. 1: 751, 1877 Ety.: From the Latin sanguineus, “‘blood red,” referring to the color of the flowers. Syn.: Masdevallia harryana v: ar. coerulescens Bull, Cat. new t. 83, 1 Ety.: From the Latin it cole i “becoming blue,”’ referring to the a of the flowers. Syn.: Masdevallia harryana var. laeta Rchb.f., Gard. Chron, n.s. 11: 716, a Ety.: From the Latin /aetus, “bright,” in allusion to the color of the flow Syn.: Masdevallia lindenii var. harryana André, Ill. Hort. 20: 167, t. et 1873. Syn.: Masdevallia harryana var. denisoniana hort., Fl. Serres 19: 129, 1873. Syn.: Masdevallia denisonii Dombrain, Fl. Mag. n.s. t. ie 1873. Ety.: Named for a Mr. Denison who cultivated this specie Syn.: Masdevallia coccinea var. versicolor Ve h, Gard. C Chron. 16: 306, 1881 Ety.: From the Latin versicolor, “‘of various so in maaan to the colors of the flowers. Syn.: Masdevallia coccinea var. coerulescens B.S. Williams, Orchid Album 1. t. 24, 1882. Ety.: From the Latin coerulescens, “‘becoming blue,”’ mer to ie color of the flower. Syn.: Masdevallia harryana Vat. age Bull, pa be 188 Ety.: P; f robably y of the | mber a the Acanthinae. Syn.: Masdevallia harryana var. conch fora oe Cat. 14, 1883 Ety.: From the Latin conchiflora, “conch- or clam-shaped,”’ in allusion to the shape of the flower. Syn.: Masdevallia harryana var. regalis Bull, Cat. 14, 1883. .: From the Latin regalis, “royal, fine,”’ referring to the choice flowers. Syn.: Masdevallia coccinea var. eee B.S. Williams, Orchid Album 3: t. 105, 1884. blood- Ety.: From the Latin atrosanguineus, “‘dark red,” referring to the color of the flower. Syn.: Masdevallia coccinea var. miniata a we Willi ams & T.Moore, Orch. Alb. 3: t. 110, 1884. Ety.: From the Latin miniatus, ‘‘flame- ”’ in allusion to the color of the flower. Syn.: Masdevallia lindenii var. est te eo den, Lindenia 1: 73, t. 34, 1885. Ety.: From the Latin grandiflorus, “large-flowered,”’ referring to the size of the flower. Syn.: Seep coccinea var. armeniaca B.S. here Orchid Album 5: t. 224, 1886. Ety.: From the armeniacus, “apricot-colored,” in allusion to the color of the flower. Syn.: Masdevallia coccinea var. dois B.S. Williams, Orchid Album 8: t. 344, 1 Ety.: From the Latin decorus, “beautiful, becoming,”’ in allusion to the color of the flower. Syn.: Masdevallia coccinea var. conchiflora (Rchb.f.) Veitch, Man. Orch. PI. 5: 34, 1889. Syn.: Masdevallia coccinea var. harryana (Rchb.f.) Veitch, Man. Orch. Pl. 5: 34, 1889. Syn.: Masdevallia coccinea var. splendens Sander, cen — t. 26, 1891. Ety.: From the Latin splendens, “‘splendid,”’ in allus Syn.: Masdevallia harryana var. imperialis Burbidge, Florist & Pomol 90, 1882. ty.: From the Latin imperialis, “imperial, regal,” referring to fine qualities of the flower. Syn.: Masdevallia harryana var. kegeljani Linden, Lindenia 8: 95, t. 382, 1893. Ety.: Probably named for the grower or owner Kegeljan. Syn.: Masdevallia harryana var. lilacina Linden, Lindenia 8: 95, t. 382, 1893. Ety.: From the Latin lilacinus, “lilac-colored,”’ referring to the color of the flower. Syn.: Masdevallia harryana var. carnea Linden, Lindenia 8: 95, t. 382 Ety.: From the Latin carneus, “flesh colored,”’ pores ring to the color of inet toe Syn.: ee epg Var. Fr reginae Linden, Lindenia 8: 95, t. 382, 1893. Ety.: From the Latin regina, “queen,” referring to queen-like properties of the flower. ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM 1062 anne tee mnt aay Se Tite SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1063 Syn.: Masdevallia harryana var. illustris Linden, Lindenia 8: 95, t. 382, 1893. Ety.: From the Latin illustris, “bright, t, lustrous,” anere® to fine — of the mnree. Additional “varieties” of Masdevalli y Willi (B.S Williams, 1894): Syn.: M. harryana v: : Grow. Man. 491, Syn.: M. harryana var. grandiflora B.S.Williams, Orch. Grow. Man. 492, 1894. Syn.: M. harryana var. gravesiae hott., Grow. Man. 491, 1894. Syn.: M. harryana var. maculata hort. ex R.Warner, Orch. Grow. Man. 492, 1894. Syn.: M. harryana var. roseaa hort. ex R.Warner, Orch. Grow. Man. 492, 1894. Syn.: M. harryana var. versicolor T.Moore, Orch. Grow. Man. 492, 1894 Syn.: Masdevallia harryana var. longiflora Cogn., Dict. Icon. Orch. Mas. t. 7a., 1899. Ety.: From the Latin longiflorus, “‘with long flowers,”’ referring to a variation of the flower. Additional “‘varieties”’ listed by Sander (Sander, 1901): Syn.: M. coccinea var. acanthifolia Bull ex Sander, Orch. Guide 110, 1901. S yn.: Syn Syn Syn Syn Syn Syn. Syn.: M. coccinea a hort. ex Sander, Orch. Guide 110, 1901. Syn.: M. coccinea var. illustris Linden ex Sander, Orch. Guide 111, 1901. Syn.: M. coccinea var. iWatiag Linden ex Sander, Orch. Guide 111, 1901. Syn.: M. coccinea var. luteo-oculata hort. ex Sander, Orch. Guide 111, 1901. Syn.: M. coccinea var. magnifica — ex Sander, Orch. Guide 111, 1901. Syn.: M. coccinea var. mars hort. ex Sander, Orch. age 111, 1901. Syn.: M. coccinea var. maxima eae ex Sander, Orch. Guide 111, 1901. Syn.: M. a var. meteor hort. ex Sander, Orch. Guide 111, 1901. Syn.: M. oculata hort. ex Sander, Orch. Guide 111, 1901. Syn.: ce coccinea vat. ss gieiee hort. ex Sander, Orch. Guide 111, 1901. Syn.: M. coccinea var. regalis hort. ex Sander, Orch. Guide 111, 1901. Syn.: M. coccinea var. rosea hort. ex Sander, Orch. Guide 111, 1901. Syn.: M. coccinea var. rotundiflora hort. ex Sander, Orch. Guide 111, 1901. Syn. S Syn Syn Syn Syn yn .: Masdevallia ignea var. militaris (Rchb.f. & Warsz.) ex Sander Orch. Guide 113, 1901. .: Masdevallia longiflora (Cogn.) Kraenzl., Bot. Jahrb. 37: 383. 1906. Syn.: Masdevallia longiflora var. lindenii André ex Kraenzl., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 34: 27. 1925. Plant large, eae spew repent to eps itose; roots slender. Ramicauls stout, erect, 5-10 long, enclosed by 2-3 tubu . Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, ae cm long including the indistinct petiole 4-8 cm long, ~ ae narrowly Cetned tintin 1.2-3 cm wide, the apex subacute to obtuse, y narrowed below into the base. Inflorescence a large, solitary, showy flower bore er a stout, erect peduncle 25. brac 1.5-2.5 cm long; pedicel 1.5-6 cm long; ovary 6-14 mm long; orange and white, asia glabrous, the dorsal sepal narrowly obovate, 25-40 mm ange 6-10 mm wide, connate to lateral sepals for 15-23 curved, angular, acute, produced tal a a Nperqud reflexed tail 13-5 cm long, the lateral sepals oblique, broadly falcate, 45-60 m 70 mm , the apices acute, acuminate, mcenved "petals white, oblong, 6. - 10 mm a lon, 2. 5- 3 mm wide, the apex obtuse, scurel ng rt, retrorse at the t base; lip white to yellow, sometimes suffused w bl te, 6-9 mm long, 233 5-3.5 mam | wide, the pwaiihe iy 03 a low pair of pao N pect near the middle, the apex rounded, the hite, semiterete, 6-9 mm long, the foot 2 mm long with a short, incurved extension. isi pj XE TR ee I tT i a iS Ss ie SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1065 COLOMBIA: Santander, Old Dept. of seine i restrial on the southern slopes of the near Pomplona, alt. . 500 ft., si 1843, 7. Linden 1262 (Holotype: K; Isotypes: W); Cachiri, alt. 9,000 ft., 1846-52, “ Schlim an (W): terrestrial in woods between Cachiri it. 2500 21 May 1982, C. Luer, R. Escobar & D. Portillo 180 (B, BR, P); sam ; Schlim 1437 (BM, BR R, G, LE, P, W); Ocaiia, B. Roezl s.n. (W); without locality, Warszewic? 5.n. (painting, type of M. militaris: Ww); near California, bankment north of La Laguna, alt. 2850 m, 8 May 1984, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Escobar & E. Vilenein ’ on? 10183 (MO). Boyaca: Paramo de Pisba, 2800-3000 m, 9 May 1937, J. Renz 3606 (BAS); Sierra Nevada del Cocuy, 8 Nov. 1957, PJ. Grubb, Curry & Fer- aaiclad kee 388 (K); terrestrial in thin woods above Guic4n, alt. 3100 m, 27 May 1982, ie Luer, R. roma & D. Portillo 7980 (SEL); along a stream — San Pablino, alt. 3600 m, 30 May 1982, C. r, R. Escobar & D. sede pt 7985 (MO, SEL). Cundinamarca: Zipaquiré near sine BArbara, oa pike anes FE = Seinen ‘65 (G). Without collection ~— cultivated by Harry James Veitch s.n. (holotype ryana: woke gi a aa on data, peduncle 2-flowered, cultivated in Brandon, 19 ag on ey DI Dukes & W. Thoms s. Masdevallia coccinea is widely distributed in the Eastern Cordillera of Colom- bia where it remains locally abundant in spite of a century of relentless exploitation. It was first discovered by a European in the old department of Ocaiia about 1841 when Jean Linden made one of his voyages to the New World in search of orchids for the trade. However, it was not until 1870, after plants were rediscovered by Wallis in 1867, that it flowered for the first time in Europe. This species imme- diately became a horticultural prize in great demand for the large, colorful flowers, and for hybridization. Various shapes and color-variations were highly sought by maohtayiite a horticulturists, and many cultivars were given names as varieties. “Variety” grandiflora was cultivated in St. Petersburg, Russia, in May 1888. While ce populations are stable in the color of the flowers, others are ex- tremely labile, producing numerous shades and tints. The colors vary from bright red-purple to rose, pale rose, or pure white. Rarely, yellow variations are produced, and prior to the recent re-introduction of M. davisii, these variations were sometimes sold for that rare species. A variation with bright, military-red flowers, collected and painted by Warsze- wicz, was described by Reichenbach as M. militaris. arid tail of the dorsal sepal points forward, not sharply reflexed as it is in the typical . However, it is not decurved between the lateral sepals as it is in the eee wanally bright orange flowers of M. ignea. Colonies with flowers exactly fitting those in Warszewicz’s painting have been found at high altitudes in the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia. Rarely, a second flower of M. coccinea will be produced simultaneously on a 10-centimeter-long proliferation of the peduncle, and even with a bud beyond that. During the post World War II years, Helmuth Schmidt-Mumm amassed a great collection of all variations of colors, shapes and sizes in his growing areas near Bogota, Colombia. Many plants of this collection are cultivated today by John rs in cool, coastal California. 1066 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM . FS Pe a SY ee ee FE es iae SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1067 Masdevallia davisii Rchb.f., Gard. Chron. 2: 710, 1874. Ety.: Named in honor of Walter Davis, the collector who discovered this species. t t Ramicauls stout, erect, 3-6 cm long, enclosed sr 2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, ‘thickly coriaceous, 10-18 cm long in- uding an indistinct petiole 1-3 cm long, the blade narrowly elliptical-obovate, 1.5-2 cm wide, the apex subacute, gradually narrowed below into the subpetiolate base. Inflorescence a large, cee showy flower borne by an erect peduncle 18-25 cm long, with a bract below the middle, from ofa ramicaul; floral bract 1.5-2 cm long; pedicel 4-5 cm long; ovary 1 cm long; sepals nanbenl yellow or yellow-orange, with a brown spot at the base, glabrous, the dorsal sepal obovate, 25 mm long, 15 mm wide, connate to the lateral sepals for 15 fe d, cylindrical tube, the free portion triang' lar, subacute, contracted into a slender, erect, greenish tail 2 cm long, the lateral sepals connate 30 mm into a broadly elliptical-oblong, bifid, shallowly concave lamina 45 mm long, 35 mm wide, the apices subacute to obtuse, contracted into slender tails 4 mm long; petals yellow-white, oblong, 8 mm long, 3 mm wide, the rounded apex obscurely ta the labellar margin with a longitudinal callus ending in a short, retrorse process : the base; tip yello oblong-sub- pandurate, 7 mm long, 2.5 mm wie b ow pair of longitudinal calli near the middle, the apex obtuse w , the base subtruncate, eae te ta column yellow-white, semiterete, 6.5 mm ae the foot 2 mm anes with a short, incurved extens' U: Cuzco?: without locality, 1873, Gece in ie 1874 by Messrs. J. \ and, W. Davis s.n. (Holotype: w: Isotype: ag ngs of Urubamba, east of Cuzco, alt. ca. 3000 m, collected by Santiago, Oct. 1978, flowered in ee 15 Aug. 19 79 b y D. Welisch i in San Franc o, CA, C. e Ocobamba, V ica Mts., culti vated by K6niger W- 15a, alt. 3600 m m, he 1980, B. Wiirstle & W. Maier 5.n. ser M, USM, ei Herb. H. Kiniger); same collec- Wiirstle at Spielberg, Germany, 2 Sat 1981, C. ave (MO). This prized species is locally abundant where it grows on fully exposed rocky slopes at high altitudes in southeastern Peru. It was first discovered at an undis- closed locality by Walter Davis, a collec- tor sent by the firm of Veitch to collect M. veitchiana for the trade. In spite of many plants being exported to Europe, they Koen: disappeared in cultivation, no further importations having been made. It species that became increas- ingly desirable as cultivation of Masdev. lias became popular once again. Yellow color-variations of M. coccinea were commonly sold for M. davisii. It was rediscovered in 1978 by David Welisch of San Francisco and independently in 1980 by Berthold Wiirstle of Spielberg, y. The bright yellow flowers are borne high above the thick leaves that betray the semi-arid habitat. A broad, golden synsepal expands beyond the sepaline tube. The tail of the dorsal sepal is about as long as the blade, but the tails of the lateral sepals are very short. The petals and lip are similar to those of the other species of the subsection Coccineae. ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM ane ec eee ee SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1069 Masdevallia deformis Kraenzl., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 428, 1921. Ety.: From the Latin pe igen “deformed, misshapen,” for the disproportionately large size of the plan flower as compared to the Syn.: Masdevallia exaltata Luer, ‘Sean 108, 1982. Ety.: From the Latin exaltatus, * alted,”’ referring to superior qualities of the plant as compared to the misnomer “‘deformis. Plant small to medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls blackish, erect, slender, “ 5-4.5 cm long, enclosed by 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf dark green, sometimes mottled ee Piecewpi purple or black, erect to suberect, « age easy 410. cm long including the 2-4.5 cm long, t 1-2.4 cae petiole. Inflo lorescence a solitary, showy flower borne bya eo ascending, or erect, slender peduncle 4-10 cm sag with a bract below the middle, from low on pe ramicaul; floral bract tubular, 6-8 mm long; -11 mm long; ovary 5 mm long; sepals red-vermilion, glabrous, “is dorsal sepal oblong, 12- 71 mm long, s : nan wide, connate to the lateral sepal for 8 mm ch tail 15-23 mm long, the lateral sepals oblong-elliptical th ical tut , more or sate j ith the dorsal sep 1 , 30 40 mm tong, connate 19-30 mm, 20-27 mm wide together. ded api tracted i 1.5-2.5 mm long; white with a purple = oblong, 7-8 mm rome 2-2.75 mm wide, aps apex subtruncate, lightly | bilobulate, the labellar longitudinal carina dotted with ae narrowly oblong, 7 mm long, 1 25- 1 5 mam wide, laterally compressed below the middle, shortly pubescent or glabrous, 1S, 2 € apex narrowly lied t ir of calli, ciliate or glabrous, the base subcordate, 1.5 mm thick, hese below; column white with a ane margin, semiterete, 5-6 mm long, the foot 3 mm long, with a short, incurved extension. ECUADOR: Zamora-Chinchipe: ‘Cordillera talis lojensis,’’ Hiibsch s.n. (Holotype: W); Cone del Condor, Jan. 1972, M. Fiske s.n. (AMES); sam f ramen by M. Fiske, cultivated by M. & O. Roble- i do at La Ceja, Colombia, 27 Sept. ee ae 9 “¢ } 1848 (SEL); between Loja and Zamora, al ae eg by E. Sanchez, cultivated by is yoenaiien ——y a, 19 Nov. 1979, C. Luer 4805 (SEL); i cco! in cloud forest above ere alt. 2450 5 m, 18 Mar. 1984, C. Luer, S. Dalstrém, T. Héijer, J. = Kuijt & D. 'D’ Alessandro 9566 (MO); same area, 23 gy 8 Mar. 1985, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz & W. Flores oii c 10937 (MO); same area, alt. 2700 m, 4 Apr. 1985, G. ? My Harling & L. Andersson 23660 (GB). Loja: epiphy- P ; in cloud forest north of the pass south of Yangana, f }} alt. 2400 m, 3 Mar. — c Luer, A. Andreetta, D. L. 9 ae D’Alessandro & S. Dalstrém 7103 (SEL). Morona f Santiago: Cordillera ad poate east of Chuchom- 7 bletza, alt. 1750 m, 21 May 1988, C. Luer, A. Hirtz, 4 W. Flores, A. Andreetta & W. Teague 13542 (K, > MO). a This species is local, and sometimes abundant, in the forests of southeastern Ecuador. It was first collected by the collector Hiibsch in the ‘eastern cordillera & of Loja,”’ and described from dry, herbari- - um material by Kranzlin in 1921. He commacnts that ral Pace ne size of the flower caused him to choose the “‘ill-sounding’”’ nam n though he assumed the flower to be beautiful. Living plants were first dieiaed ‘by the late Milan Fiske in 1972 in the Cordillera del Condor where it has proved not to be rare. SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1071 oe the plants of M. deformis are not remarkably different from most medium-sized members of the genus, except that the leaves are usually darker ihe and sometimes mottled with purple-black, especially in those recognized as M. exaltata. The flowers are borne singly, but often several simultaneously on horizontal or drooping peduncles. The sepaline tube is narrow with broadly expanded, bright red or orange lateral sepals with very short tails. The petals have a marginal callus ending in sharp tooth above the base. The lip is narrowly oblong and obtuse with or without minutely ciliated margins. It is shallowly channelled centrally between a pair of low, longitudinal calli. A population in the mountains of southern Ecuador west of the Cordillera del Condor was discovered in 1982 and recognized as M. exaltata. Vegetatively, it is larger with larger flowers borne by longer, more or less erect peduncles. The petals are identical to all others seen. The lip of M. exaltata was noted to be smooth, but this character was found to be inconstant within the species, the lips varying in degrees of cilia. PS a eee or Me tae ele aN ee oe ee ee ee ee . SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1073 Masdevallia idae Luer & Arias, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 86: A-1, 001 . Ety.: N: o£ fe Ida Fernandez. fi t p ap | Ck ek da ft fA ybiicads. pees it ts slender. Ramicauls black, erect, slender, 5-7 cm long, area oe. 2-3 loose, ar sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, 9-11 cm long including the petiole g, the blade marowly elliptical, subacute, 1. 5-1. 8 cm wide, the base narrowly cuneate into resale hig J flower borne by 13- 16cm cm long, wi with a bract near - shies from low th icaul; floral b hi , tubular, 15cm long; pedicel 3-4 cm long; ovary 4-7 dorsal sepal obovate, shallowly concave, ca. 20 nm long, 12 mm wide, 3-veined, connate | to the lateral sepals for 7-10 mm to form a sepaline tube, the apex obtuse, acuminate into a slender, red-orange tail ca. 20 mm long, the lateral sepals connate st ar into a broad, bifid synsepal, ca. 30 mm srt 25 mm wide, with a mentum below the column- s 6-8 mm | ong; petals white, oblong, slightly curved, 6 mm weak 15 mm wide, the apex rounded, the labell lar margin with a longitudinal carina ending in a thick, blunt, recurved Pp white, oblong, 4.5 mm long, 2 mm wide, the apex round- ed, recurved, ith , the disc featureless, the base truncate, hinged beneath; column white, semiterete, 5.5 mm naa ae y the foot thick, 2 mm long with an incurved exten- sion. PERU: Ayacucho: Huanta, Pachamanca, epiphytic, alt. 2200 m, collected by Silvano Flores, cultivated in Lima, Sept. 1999, by M. Arias s.n. (Holotype: MO), C. Luer illustr. 19362. Instead of terrestrial as with most other Peruvian members of this subsection M. idae is epiphytic. Vegetatively, the plant differs with long-petiolate leaves that are surpassed by the slender peduncle. The orange flower is similar to that of M. amabilis with the acute apices of the later- al sepals tapering into short tails. The marginal callus of the petals terminates with a thick, retrorse and incurved process. The oblong lip is smaller than the petals and column. SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1075 —ler tee — f., Gard. Chron. 1482, 1871. Ety.: Fro US, us, “fire-red, in reference to the color of the flower. Syn.: Mest ignea vat. moan eee poe Rchb.f., Gard. Chron. 351, 1872. Ety.: N: tioned of W. hall, Esq., Enfield, Middlesex. Syn.: M Regel, Gartenflora 25: 193, t. 870, 1876, not Linden ex Lindl. Ety.: From the Latin coccineus, “a bright, deep red color,’’ referring to the flowers. Syn.: Masdevallia boddaertii Linden ex André, Ill. Hort. 136, t. 357, 1879. Ety.: Named for Dr. Boddaert of Ghent, Belgium Syn.: Masdevallia ignea var. boddaertii Linden ex André, Ill. Hort. 26, 1879. Syn.: Masdevallia ignea var. stobartiana Rchb.f., Gard. Chron n.s. 15: 136, 1881. Ety.: Named for Mr. Stobart who cultivated this variety. Syn.: Masdevallia ignea var. massangeana B.S. eigen: Orchid Alb. 6: t. 273, 1887. Ety.: Named for Mr. Massange who cultivated this variety. Syn.: Masdevallia ignea var. citrina hort. ex Stein, Orchideenb. 1892. Ety.: From the Latin citrinus, “‘lemon yellow,” badeotes to the color of the flowers. Syn.: Masdevallia ignea var. hobartii hort. ex Stein, Orchideenb. 333, 1892. Ety.: Named for Mr. Hobart who cultivated this variety. Syn.: Masdevallia ignea var. coccinea hort. ex Stein, Orchideenb. 333, 1892. Syn.: Masdevallia i, ‘ignea var. ar. splendens hort. ex Stein, Orchideenb. 333, 1892. Ety.: From the Latin splendens, “splendid,” referring to qualities of the flower. Syn.: Masdevallia ignea var. aurantiaca B.S.Williams, Orch. Grow. Man. ed. a 494, 1894. Ety.: From the Latin aurantiacus, “orange,’’ referring to the color of the flow Syn.: Masdevallia ignea var. armeniaca B.S.Williams, Orch. Grow. Man. 494, 1894. Syn.: Masdevallia i. ‘ap var. grandiflora B.S.Williams, Orch. Grow. Man. 494, 1894. Ety.: From the Latin grandiflorus, “large-flowered,”’ referring to a size of the flower. Syn.: Masdevallia ignea var. pulchra Vuylsteke ex Cogn., Dict. Icon. Orch. Genus Masdevallia t. 2a, 1897 Ety.: From the Latin pulcher, “pretty,” referring to the flower. Syn.: Masdevallia ignea var. vuylstekeana ana Cogn., soc Icon. Orch. Genus Masdevallia t. 2a, 1897. Ety.: Named for Mr. Vuylsteke who cultivated this Syn.: Masdevallia ignea var. goorii hort. ex ihe Orchid Guide 113, 1901. Ety.: Named for Mr. Goor who cultivated this variety. Syn.: ae ignea var. thomasonii hort. ex Gentile, List Pl. Cult. Serres Jard. Bot. Etat Brux. 199, 1 Ety.: sowie for Mr. Thomason who cultivated this variety. Syn.: Masdevallia ignea var. rubescens Linden ex Kraenzl., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 34: 28, 1925. Ety.: From the Latin rufescens, “reddish,” referring to the flower. Syn.: Masdevallia ignea var. superba Linden ex Kraenzl., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 34: 28, 1925 Ety.: From the Latin superbus, “superb,” referring to qualities of the flower. Plant large, terrestrial, caespitose to shortly ascending; roots coarse. Ramicauls stout, erect, 2-8 c long, enclosed by 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, long-petiolate, 8-20 cm long ictal ing the petiole 2-9 cm long, the blade elliptical-obovate, subacute, 2-4 cm wide, narrowly cuneate below es petiole. Inflorescence a soli 32 cm long, with a bract below the middle, from low of the ramicaul; floral bract tubular, 1-2 cm long; pedicel 2.5-4 cm long; ovary 6-8 mm long; sepals bright orange with the veins darker, the dorsal sepal obovate, 25 cm long, 9 mm wide, connate to the lateral sepals for 14 mm to form a narrow, —_— cylindrical, sepaline tube fi trorse tail * 2. 5 cm long, the lateral Sepals ovate-falcate, 5 cm 1 long, 2 cm wide, connate 1.5 cm to form a flat, bifi petals avs with a purple midvein, cartilaginous, oblong, « obtuse, 8 mun long, 2.5-3 mm wide, the label- lar margin base. lip white, yellow at the base, sane with Purple Ki eee abies, | 8 mm long, 2 mm wide, st oi apex rounded with sinuate margins, the column white, pai with rt semiterete, 6 mm long, the stout foot 3 mm long with a short, in- curved extension ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM 1076 Bite, “Shea a : | SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1077 COLOMBIA: Eastern Cordillera, without known locality or collector, cultivated at Chelsea, 22 Nov. 1867, by Messrs. Veitch and Day 78 (Holotype: W); without collection data, cultivated in Enfield by W. ae s.n. (holotype of var. marshallina: W); de Santander, old dept. of Ocafia: Paramo di { aay pa \ esc 1164 (G, P); without data: cultivated in ‘St. tersburg, Russia, 8 June 1886 (LE); Cerro Oroque, Seer Abrego and Jurisdicciones, alt. 3700 m 19 May 1969, H. Garcia-Barriga & R. Jarramillo 19729 (AMES, COL); eueatial in forest below Oa ais dh pee _ locality or collector, cultivated by M. bledo at La Ceja, 12 Oct. 1977, C. Luer 2003 EL This species was first imported from the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia in 1870 by Messrs. Low and Co. Specimens of the fire-colored flowers cultivated by Messrs. Veitch and Day were forwarded to Professor Reichenbach who so aptly named the species the following year. It became an immediate horticultural favor- ite. Collectors were dispatched to Colombia to seek color variations in the flowers to satisfy the trade, which resulted in numerous descriptions of horticultural varie- ties. Masdevallia ignea was also used extensively in hybridization. The color of the flowers is variable from all the yellows through orange and red- orange with or without degrees of purple suffusion. The size of the flowers is also variable, but the reliable identifying feature is the tail of the dorsal sepal that curves downward between the lobes of the lateral sepals. Without the benefit of Reichen- bach’s herbarium specimens for comparison, M. ignea became confused with Reichenbach’s M. militaris, a red color-form of M. coccinea Linden ex Lindl. Masdevallia ignea is identified as M. militaris by Woolward in her monograph of the 1890s. Specimens of M. ignea collected in 1853 by Schlim (Schlim 415) on his expedition to New Grenada nearly twenty years before Reichenbach’s description, were annotated in several herbaria as M. coccinea, but the specimen at K bears the written name cinnabarina. Perhaps Lindley recognized the difference, but he failed to publish the name. Masdevallia ignea today still grows luxuriantly but locally in the shady, rich humus of tall forests at altitudes near 3000 meters above sea level. It grows fairly well in cool cultivation, but the foliage never attains the immense proportions that develop in natural conditions. oe eb PNNSE a cs Sie cea Ne prteony TP es say Sahat SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1079 Masdevallia niesseniae Luer, —— Bot. Syst. Missouri Bot. Gard. 65: 110, 1998. Ety.: Named for Andrea Niessen de Uribe o ay del Valle, Cali, Colombia. Plant medi Ramicauls erect, channeled, 3-5 cm long, enclosed by 2-3 white, loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erec rect, coriaceous, s 1015 cm long including the petiole 2-3 cm long, the blade elliptical, subacute, 2-2.5 cm wide, gradually narrowed below into the petiole. Inflores- cence a single flower, borne by a slender, erect peduncle up is 23 cm long, with a bract below the mid- dle, from 1.5-3 cm above the base of the ramicaul; floral bract thin, tubular, 2.5 cm long; pedicel 3 cm long; ovary 7-8 mm long; sepals golden yellow, glabrous, the dorsal suffused with rose along the midvein, obovate, 30 mm long, 25 mm wide, shaped, sepaline tube, the apex broadly rounded, abruptly contracted into a slender tail 5.5 cm long, the lateral sepals 4 g, connate 3 y expanded synsepal 35 mm wide, longitudinally sulcate ith th rf: b ith th tracted i tal il s4cm long; petals white, ee » ovate-sublriangular, 7. ) mre long, ° a 5 mm wide above the ete the apex obliquely obtuse, the labellar margin rs rounded margin above the base; lip whi : eattcned wi rose, oblo) ong, 7 mm long, 2.75 mm wide, with the margins thi tween, the base truncate, hinged beneath to the column-foot; column white, suffused with rose, semiterete, 6 mm long, the foot 2 mm ae with a short, incurved extension. COLOMBIA: Valle del Cauca: near Lace de Cali- ma, alt. 1500-1600 m, collected we Be March 1 ideas ere Valle, i. by Andrea Nicssen & Juan Calc Uribe, C. L 18789 (Holotype: M' This pana species was collected near an area of southern Colombia which had been visited repeatedly by collectors. About 30 freshly collected plants were lying on a bench at Orquideas del Valle near Cali at the time of the Cali orchid show in March 1997. The flowers were reported to be large and yellow, which proved to be true when plants began to flower the following year. The large, long-tailed, golden yellow flowers are larger and more spectacular than the golden yellow flowers of coveted M. davisii. Some yellow color-variations of M. coccinea share the same intense color that is not approached by any other member of the subsection, except perhaps M. veitchiana and M. welischii. The leaves are not as thickly coriaceous as those of many other species of the subsection. The erect peduncle bears the flower above the leaves. From a funnel- shaped, sepaline tube the rounded dorsal sepal curves upward while the broadly expanded, longitudinally sulcate synsepal arches below with reflexed tails. Bet- ween depressed veins the surface is convex. The lip is oblong as in other members of the subsection, but in the center there is a shallow concavity between a pair of low calli. ye patina “er Mey WAN Veracca sander suai oeane SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1081 Masdevallia rosea Lindl., Ann. —— ome Ley 15: 237, — —_— rosea. oo From the Latin roseus, “‘rose-co! g to the color As , epiphytic, pitose; slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, blackish, 3- cs cm bog enclosed by 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect to suberect, coriaceous, petiolate, 10-18 c long including the petiole 2-6 mm long, the aa elliptical, subacute to obtuse, “ 5-4 cm wide, Seaats below into the slender, channeled, blackish petiole. Inflorescence a solitary, showy flower borne by a suberect, slender peduncle 10-15 cm long, wah a bract below the middle, fom los on the ramicaul; tee: nek Hee 13-17 mm long, pedicel 10-22 mm long; ovary 6-8 mm long; sepals bright rose, beco: frie toward the base, glabrous, the dorsal Pa oblong, ca. 35 mm long, 7-8 mm beter connate 2 Mette ral sepals for 27-28 mm to form tly arched, sepaline tube, the portion narrowly triangular, the acute apex attenuated into a filiform, deflexed tail ca. 5 cm long, the lateral sepals obovate, nee ca. 60 mm oy riage 30-35 5 mm, » the basal tubular portion 10 mm wide, the free, expanded portions 15-17 mm 15 mm long; petals white, solo, 5.5 mm Sie: 2mm wide, ‘the apex truncate, obscurely lobulate, the labellar margin cal- lous, with a broadly triangular, acute. ; lip pale yellow, lightly flecked with red, oblong, 7 long, 3 mm wide, the apex o obtuse, revolute, with a mar, arginal, black-purple callus, _ at most microscopically cellular-glandular, the base sae ha tt below; column white, erete, 6 mm long, the foot stout, 2 mm long with an incurved exten ECUADOR: Loja: alt. 8,000 ft., ca. 1842, T. Hart- weg s.n. (Holotype: K; Isotype: W); slopes of the Andes, 1861-63, R. Pierce s.n. (BM). ‘‘Loja,” ee W. Jameson 103 (W); near the pass between Loja Zamora, 24 Aug. 1878, F. area, 4 Sept. 1959, B. Maguire 44342 (NY); same area, alt. 2800 m, 24 Sept. 1967, B. Sparre 18924 (S); same area, alt. 2800 m, 28 Sept. 1961, C.H. Dodson & L.B. Thien 752 (MO, SEL); same area, alt. 2600 m 21 Sept. 1980, C. Luer, C.H. Tt ee et al. 5526 (SEL); same area, H. Balslev & W.C. Steere 3179 (NY, QCA); south of Loja, 18 Apr. 1946, R. Espino- sa 181 (AMES, LOJA); Cerro Toledo, southeast of 3 , 6 Apr. 1985, G. Harl Tungurahua, alt. 9,800 ft., June 1877, FC. Lehmann 67 (W); = Spree: alt. 3070 m, 2 June 1971, B. MacBry 3 (AMES, SEL); pres de los Llanganates, re alt. 3 m, 11 Apr. 1985, Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz & W. Flores Ae (MO). Fastaxa: wet forest north of Topo, Rio Zuiiag, alt. a hg 25 Feb. 1990, A. Hirtz, S. Dalstrém et al. 4614 (M0). Morona-Santiago: east of Cuenca, near Yavileay, alt. 2500-2900 m, F.C. Lehmann d fi f P: alt. 2700 m, ieee 18 — 1978, C. Luer 3316 (SEL); : southeast of Sigsig, alt. 2700 'm, 13 Jan. 1989, C. & J. Lu ip, A. Hirtz & S. Ortega 13873 alt. 2600 m, 11 Aug. 1990, A. Hints 5052 (MO). Azuay: near Sevilla de Oro, alt. cf 000-9, 000 ‘ft, 27 July 1945, W.H. Camp mata (AMES, S); same area, om aa0 si > igre 1947, G. Harling 1363 (S). Zamora- h 2700 m, 12 Oct. 1959, C_H. Dodson 17 (MO, SEL); st ak collected by B. Malo, cultivated at nt near Cuenca, 5 Feb. 1978, C. Luer 2459 (SEL); same area, alt. 2750 m, 20 Feb. 1986, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz, W. — & A. Embree 11971 (MO); cloud forest east of Yangana, alt. 2650 m, 4 Mar. 1982, C. Luer, A. Andreetta, D. D’Alessandro & S. Dalstrém 7138 (SEL); same area, alt. 2950 m, 22 Mar. 1985, C. Luer, J. prea A. ike & W. Flores 10977 (MO Locally abundant in east-central and southeastern Ecuador, this spectacularly colored species was first discovered east of Loja by the German collector Karl Theodor Hartweg about 1842. The bright rose of the broadly expanded sepals gives way to orange toward the base of the tube. Very rarely, plants with pure-white flowers occur. The apex of the lip of plants from southern Ecuador is broad, thin, recurved, and essentially glabrous. The apex of the lip of plants of subsp. echinata from Colom- bia and northern Ecuador is echinate. | : 1082 sent ge ee Ee : ie 1 “See seg OPER re Te. : Pecae tate Attest — cats Ore i Plate 555, SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1083 Masdevallia rosea Lindl. subsp. echinata (Luer & Andreetta) Luer, Lindleyana 3: 59, 1988. Bas.: Masdevallia echinata Luer & Andreetta, Selbyana 2: 371, 1978. Ety.: From the Latin echinatus, “bristly,” referring to the apex of the lip. Syn.: Masdevallia rosea sensu Veitch, Man. Orchid. Pl. 5: 60, 1889, non Lindl. 1845. re Masdevallia rosea sensu Woolward, any fet Genus Masdevallia 1896, non Lindl. 1845. it der. Ramicauls blackish, slender, erect, 1-3 cm on enclosed by 2-3 apie abu sheaths. ‘Leaf ‘erect to suberect, ee as , 10-15 cm long ludin ng the peti tiole 3-6 cm the blade ell 2-3.5¢ wide, cuneate Ww i tiole. Inflorescence a solitary, showy joe borne by a suberect, slender peduncle 10-15 cm long, with a bract below the middle, from low on the ramicaul; floral bract tubular 9-13 mm long; pedicel 10-19 mm long; ovary 8 mm long; sepals bright rose, becom- ing orange toward the base, glabr ‘ous, the dorsal sepal narrowly oe 30 mm long, ‘2. 5m mm ead meres to the lateral sepaline tube triangular, the acute apex attenuated into a filiform, deflexed tail ca. 4 cm long, the lateral sepals obo- vate, Cae , ca. 55 mm lo ong, connate 30 mi mm, the ‘basal t ubalar A eee ion 7 a wide, the free, expanded portions 12 mm wid ie, th 10 mm long; pe white, more or less oblong, 4.5 mm long, 1-2.25 mm wide, the apex obtuse, thet epper bem dilated in the lower third, the lower margin callous, with a broadly triangular, acute, retrorse appendage above the base; lip yellow, purple at the apex, wats sohelacess bm) oblong, 5 mm long, 2 mm wide, the apex thickened, round- ed, purple-spiculate, the base subcordate, hinged below; column white, semiterete, 5 mm long, the foot 2 mm long with a short, incurved extension. LCOTTAnRMN?D- & 32. 1 At £ Tuleéin, alt, ca. nes m, yee 1978, collected ay A. tta & A. Hirtz, cultivated in Cuenca, 18 Aug. ime C. Luer i515 5 (holo otype of M. echinata: SEL). on 4 (K); Rio Clavadero, Lagun La Virgen, alt. 8,750 ft., 2 July 1944, I. = 10458 (AMES); Santa Barbara, alt. t. 2700 m, 15 Feb. 1959, G. Harling 4142 (S); ngs in cloud forest southeast of El Carmelo, alt. 2200 m, 17 May 1981, C. Luer, J. Luer & A, Hirtz 6321 (SEL). Imbabura: east slopes of Volcin Cayambe, alt. 8,500 ft., 22 July 1944, WB. Drew E-363 (AMES COLOMBIA: Nariiio: eastern slopes of se Péramo de Aponte, alt. 2900-3200 m, Oct. 1878 an 20 Feb. 1881, FC. Lehmann 203 (AMES, BM, G, “ LE, NY); Paramo de Santiago, alt. 3000 m, 18 Sept. 1956, D.W. Overton 94 (AMES). Putumayo: east of 1978, C. Luer, J. Luer & R. Escobar 3164 (SEL). This taxon, externally indistinguishable from M. rosea, is treated here as a subspecies. It occurs in southern Colombia and northernmost Ecuador. Plants from Colombia were exported to Europe by Consul Lehmann, and were identified as Lindley’s M. rosea. No living plants from the original locality of M. rosea in southeastern Ecuador had The lip of plants from southeastern Ecuador, where the type was collected, is d, thin, and essentially glabrous with an obtuse, revolute apex. The apex of the lip of the plants from Colombia and northern Ecuador is thick and echinate. There- fore, all old accounts of living plants of M. rosea include the thick, spiculate apex of the lip found in plants from the north. Both taxa are undoubtedly hummingbird pollinated, but whether or not the differences in the lip indicate specific humming- birds remains uninvestigated. rosea vat Es Ae ee ees - ee 3 1a 2 aaF veme peenies va senes SS aN ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM Plate 556. Masdevaltia . x SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1085 se 20 Xsplendida Rchb.f., Gard. Chron. 9(1): 493, 1878. (M. veitchiana f. X M. barlaeana Rchb.f.) by Po the Latin eer nmin ees in allusion to qualities of the flower. lli hb.f., Gard. Chron. 11(1): 172, 1879. (M. barlaeana Rchb.f. X i veitchiana Rehb. f. a Ety ae cu: work ‘8 8 Webhibie: ar. 7 er rer o eaeencl iealy, it medium i amicauls stout, erect, 2. 5-3. 5 cm long, enclosed ge c she ene sheaths. Leaf erect thickly coriaceous, 7" 14cm arrowly elliptical, subacute to acute, 1.5-2 cm wide, gr -d bel the 6 Tatlecenesee a solitary, showy flower “sea bya an slender, erect catia: | 15-17 cm long, with a bract below the middle, from low on the ramicaul; floral bract 1.5 cm long; pedicel 3 cm long; ovary 7 mm long; sepals ‘‘orange-scarlet,”’ — pubescent with a clavate hairs, the dorsal sepal cheat peels, the bl ade 25- 27 mm | ong, 13- om wide at cmpoadied ott oukice ont be patho connate 15-17 an erect, slender, red = =a 30 mm long, the lateral sepals more or less obovate, oblique, ms 37 mm long © ea 24-26 mm an expanded, bifid lamina 28 mm wide, with the apices obtuse to subacute, ted into slender, a tails 12-15 mm long; petals white, oblong, 8-10 mm long, 3-3. 5) mm wide, ngs x truncate, obscurely trilobed or apiculate, the labellar margin with a longitudinal callus ending in a short tooth or an obtuse angle ; at | the base; lip white, with purple apex, oblong, thin, Ls 7.5 mm —s A * 3 mm wide, Il with @ Va@lils, ee 1 ll; th ‘ hier shallowly sulcate between a pair f ie ite with the margins purple, semiterete, 5-6 mm aed the foot stout, 2 mm a with an extension. ERU: Cuzco?: without collection data, imported by Messrs. Veitch, s.n (Holotype: W); without locality, Ww). and Racin’ Pichu, “ie Snowpeak La Veronica, alt. 4045 m, July 2000, cultivated by J & L Orchids 900-608, Easton, CT, Nov. 2000, J. Rolando Se C: Luer asia songs Artificial hybrid M. barlaeana by G. Staal Palo Alto, CA, i Tuly | oo C. Luer a (MO). The first plants of this presumed natu- ral hybrid were forwarded to Reichenbach with the skimpy information that they had been collected in a “‘certain place’’ in the Andes of South America. In his original publication Reichenbach writes that it **makes one think of a mule between M. veitchiana and M. barlaeana.”’ He was right; later hybridizations substantiated his Hare Plate 557 is the cross made y Gerardus Staal. The following year, schetenpiee! published M. Xparlatoreana as a possible natural hybrid similar to M. Xsplendida i in appearances and circum- cs. his supposition proved correct by artificial recreation of the taxon. It is generally accepted now that M. Xsplendida is a hybrid with M. veitchiana as the female parent and M. barlaeana as the male, and that M. Xparlatoreana isa hybrid of the reverse parentage. Numerous plants intermediate between M. bar- laeana and M. veitchiana have been found intermixed with both of the above growing on exposed, rocky slopes at a high altitude of more than 4000 meters in southern Peru. Plate 558 is a collection by Dr. Isaias Rolando. The plant painted by Miss Woolward for M. amabilis in her monograph appears similar to this hybrid. SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1087 Plate 558. Masdevallia Xsplendida 1088 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM Unidentified plants without collection data, presumably belonging to subsection Coccineae, are not uncommon in many collections. Below is one that is a probable hybrid that was cultivated by the late Lil Severin in Cupertino, California. 559. Masdevallia indete : SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1089 Mastevalia | stumpfiei } Braas, ee st Padgc 1979. hom the species was imported. medium in size, probably RS caespitose; roots coarse. Ramicauls erect, slender, 2-4.5 cm long, enclosed by 2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, 6-14 cm long ee the ‘petiole narro ‘0 the i: ht cm long, the ie narrowly lip, obtuse, 1.5-2 cm w Inflo mce a solitary flower borne by a slender, i peduncle 18-29 cm a with a bract ca wit base, fom low on the siaeicaale floral bract thin, tubular, 1 cm long; pedicel 3-3.5 cm long; ovary 7-10 mm long; sepals bright red-orange, microscopically pubescent within, pal obo- vate, Pie oe concave, 13-28 mm long, 11-18 3 mm wide, connate to the lai ateral sepals for 8-12 mm to paline tube, th sepals ovate, oblique, 23-40 mm long, 8-17 mm wide, connate for 10-18 mm to a shallow mentum, 4-6 mm long; petals w white, pdr 65. mim long, 2.5 mm de, the apex truncate, recaps trilobed, the labellar margin with a longitudinal carina ending in a thick, blunt, incurved proc at te base; lip white, oblong, 4. 5-6 mm stein 2- 3 5 mm wide, the apex truncate, suffused with p hinged beneath; column white, semierete, 5.5 mm long, slightly denticulate at the apex, the foot thick, 2 mm long with a short, incurved extensi nae lica? llecti imported from R. pone pein in i974, nciteamretr in Germany, L. Braas 2626 (Holotype in the private herbarium of L. Braas); same source, imported from R. Stiimpfle by M. & O. Robledo, cultivated at La Ceja, Colombia, 20 Jan. 1978, C. Luer 2358 (SEL); same collection, cultivated at La Ceja, 16 Apr. 1988, C. Luer 13197 (MO). This species was exported from Peru by Rudolf Stiimpfle to Germany in 1974 where it subsequently flowered. It was also exported to the Robledos in Colom- bia, and to J & L Orchids in Connecticut, U.S.A. The exact locality and habitat are still unknown, but presumably it grows terrestrially in high areas. Divisions of these importations are present today in many collections. The dimensions of the vegetative and floral parts vary greatly with growing conditions. Masdevallia stumpflei is characterized by the slender, thickly coriaceous leaf and a long, weak peduncle as seen in M. amabilis. The flower is bright red-orange with a short, gaping sepaline tube. The dorsal sepal is broad and terminated by an equally long tail. The lateral sepals are terminated by narrowly acute, tail-like apices. Much of Schlechter’s description of M. venusta applies to M. stumpflei, but the leaves of M. venusta are long-petiolate and up to three centimeters broad; the sepals are five centimeters long with very acuminate tails; and the lateral sepals are subfal- cate and only a trifle more than one centimeter wide. f 5 & , K ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM Are rteners. oe. 3 cm | | eS ae Se er ste SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1091 Masdevallia veitchiana Rchb.f., _ Chron. 814, 1868. Ety.: Named in honor of the firm Messrs. V tch & Sons, who first imported this species. Syn.: ania San veitchiana var. ribeye Rchb.f., , Gard. Chron. ns. 19: 662, 1883. Ety.: From the Latin biflorus, wered,”” Syn.: Masdevallia veitchiana var. en B.S Williams, Orch. ake Man. ed. 7: 506, 1894. in size to large, Ramicauls erect, stout, 3-9 cm cae enclosed by 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. “pat gpa) thickly coriaceous, ofiee cm long, the blade very narrowly elliptical-obovate, subacute, 1.5-2 cm wide, gradually narrowed below into the subpetiolate base. Inflorescence a large, showy, solitary flower borne by a stout, erect ane cle sh 60 cm long, with a bract on the lower third, from | ca. 3 cm long pedicel ute cm ong: ovary 10-13 mm ae minutely pitted; sepals pe ate or vermilion shorty pubescen long, 23 = fi Fd tea fi li 1 b naa acute ex v > ee portion slender, orange, erect tail ca. 3cm long, the late sani ovate, 55 mm gy connate 38 mm to form a broadly expanded lamina beyond the sepaline tube, 38 mm wide, the acute _ contracted — slender tails ca. 12 mm lo 3 ig contracted base forming a shallow mentum w n the column-foot; petals white, oblong, 13 mm , 4mm wide, the acute apex suid the ‘labellar seiSigs with a longitudinal callus epic in an obtuse angle above the base; » white, suffused with rose, oblong, 10.5 mm ong, 3.5 mm the apex obtuse with a low, ae callus, th don th d; col white with purple margins, semiterete, 9 mm long, the stout foot 3 mm soe with an incurved extension. nici Cuzco: in crevices between rocks in moun- ar Cuzco, alt. ain pele: impo! ae sense Veitch, R. Pierce s.n. (Holotype: W); c' ed by Messrs Veitch, July 1884, R. Pierce on (K); without locality, 1876, W. Davis 45 (W); ee 7. Convencién, Machu Picchu, alt. m, 8, C. Vargas ee MES); es Picch cs re) ruin walls,” pe H.E. Stork, OB. Horton & C ge ein G, K); same area, alt. 2300 m, 29 Apr. 1953, J.P. mann 213 (B); s area, J. Renz 10189 (BAS); same area, alt. 2450 m, 15 Apr. 1971, J.G. Hawkes et al. 5180 (C); road to Huifiay- huayna, alt. 2800 m, 7 May 1976, R. Chavez A. 3410 (MO); Huayna Picchu, alt. 2800 m, 23 June 1936, J. West 6449 (AMES, UC); Huayna Picchu, alt. 9,000 feet, 28 Mar. 1959, S. Saunders 439 (BM); above S. Tilney Payton 138 (F, MO, NY, SMF); without locality or collector, cultivated by M. & O. Robledo at La Ceja. Colombia, 12 Oct. 1977, C. Luer 2002 (SEL). Bryologist Richard Pierce first discov- ered this species in 1867 growing among rocks in the high mountains of Peru, and plants were successfully sent to England where they were introduced into the trade by the firm of Messrs. Veitch & Sons. Professor Reichenbach honored the firm by bestowing their name upon the new species. Such a great demand developed for the plant that the firm soon dispatched their collector Davis to the scene to collect thousands more for the European trade. ct of this excursion was M. davisii. Growing in the full, intense, tropical sun at high altitudes, this spectacular spe- cies was once plentiful among the stony Inca ruins at Machu Picchu and Huayna i 9 ee (ae oni a eS Ne ee amp or nl EY ee ‘ 4 i i ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM Plate 561. Masdevallia v . hi 1092 g a SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1093 Picchu, but collectors have almost exterminated it from these areas. This relentless collecting is needless because the plant is commercially available from seed. Numerous named hybrids are also on the market as they have been for the past century. Vegetatively and florally, M. veitchiana is variable in size and color, only par- tially explained by growing conditions. The dimensions given in the above descrip- tion are those taken from an average plant. Much smaller and much larger flowers are encountered. On well-grown plants the flowers attain their greatest beauty. The vermilion color appears to have a velvety, purple suffusion, but when examined under a strong lens, the surface is seen to be covered by purple, capitate hairs. XDracuvallia Memoria Maria Arcila (Sanin ex Richardson) Luer & Escobar, Selby- ana 2: 1 9 Bas.: XMasdevallia Memoria Maria Arcila Sanin ex Richardson, Orquideologia 12: 72, 1977. oe Named in honor of Sra. Maria Arcila, mother of Dr. Carlos Sanin w the cross. 2-4 cm long, enclosed by 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, ha ek ie acute, 8-12 cm long including an indistinct petiole, 1.8-2.2 cm wide, gradually narrowed below to the subpetiolate base. I nce a showy, solitary flower, borne by a slender, erect peduncle, 18-23 cm long, from low on the a floral bract tubular, oblique, 18-22 mm long; pedicel 18 18-20 mm long; ovary Lay 8 mm mm long, round in section; ight orange, suffused -glandular within, the dorsal sepal ovate, 33 mm long, 25 mm wide, connate to the lateral cia a for 15 mm to form a conical, sepaline cup, the apex obtuse, contracted into a “rasan erect tail 4c eC Be 9 ose bec g green above, the lateral sepals ovate, oblique, ee ong, 24 mm wide, connate 20 mm form a troed, shallow mentum, the apices subacute, contracted ‘oan slender tails ca. 3c cm oie were ee marked with red-brown, oblong, 7 mm long, 2. S mm wide, with the apex obtuse, minutely papil- rial eos earbnernee with a low, smooth callus above the base; lip orange, subpandurate-obovate, 11 mm long, 5 mr id, shallowly concave with 3 carinae, the hy- pochile roivele: between continuations of the lateral carinae from the epichile, the base subcordate, hinged to the column-foot; column white, stout, semiterete, 6 mm long, with a stout foot 4 mm long. COLOMBIA: fl d in cultivation by Colomb ideas, 21 July 1978, C. Luer 235] (SEL). + The first intergeneric hybrid with a species of this subsection and a species of Dracula was created by Sr. Sanin of Medellin, Colombia, with M. veitchiana and D. are (Rchb.f.) Luer as parents. It was registered in 1977 as XMasdevallia Memoria Maria Arcila. This attractive hybrid bears on an erect peduncle a large, bright orange flower that more closely resembles the Masdevallia parent than Dracula chimaera. The tails are relatively short. The petals and lip reveal the Dracula parentage. The petals are minutely papillose near the margin of the apex, and the lip is indistinctly divided into a shallowly cleft hypochile, and a tricallous epichile. Other intergeneric hybrids have been created in recent years, but none has yet surpassed this hybrid in beauty and popularity. ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM 1094 | | | SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1095 Masdevallia welischii Luer, Selbyana 5: 152, 1979. Ety. ae writs in honor of the late David Alan Welisch of San Francisco, CA, who discovered this specie S. Di. + as: s stout, erect, 2.5-4.5 cm long, enclosed by 2-3 tubular a Lest erect, thickly coriaceous, Tic cm ue including an indistinct ~ iole 1. 2 cm long, the ~~ pe pected elliptical, subacute to acute, 1.5-2.2 cm wide, gradually nar- nto the chan . Inflorescence a solitary, senteaeel flower borne by a relatively lender, ascending tos es ga 12- 18 cm long, with a w the middle, from low on the oral bract 1. adbuab om ited Pedicel 2-4 cm long; ovary van rox . cm long; sepals bright orange, ax dorsal parr obova aes 5 mm lo ong 543 mare a wide at te expended o orifice of the tube, c ae dark red-brown tail 15 mm 1 ong, the | 1 Is suffused with red d the b or shes: wpe ey 36 mm long, connate 24 mm into an expanded st 26 mm wide, with the ices si ontracted into a red-brown tails 6 mm long; petals white, narrowly oblong-ovate, 101 mm lon ong, "2: 31 mm w wih, the ac te apex obscurely lobed, the labellar scat wich a longitudinal callus he | slip wets, irene with n purple : at the apex, oblong, thin, a mm long, 2 75 n a wide, the ap Hi, the b t h; column white, suffused with purple, satan 7mm ae the foot stout, 3 mm aie with an incurved extension PERU: Cuzco: La Convencion, Vilcabamba moun- tains near ee n exposed rocks, alt. 3 m, Oct. 1978, collected by D. Welisch, cultivated in San Francisco, 15 Aug. 1979, C. Luer 4085 (Holotype: SEL); same collection, cultivated by Pui Y. Chin in © San Francisco, 7 Jul ly 1989, Cc. Luer 14401 (MO a“ Mar. 1989, C. ‘Luer 14244 (MO). Feaen coe Quishuala, Abancay, alt. 11,000 ft., 16 May 1939, E. K. Balls B6905 (BM, E, K, US). This spectacular species was discov- ered growing on exposed rocky slopes by David Welisch in a remote, mountainous area of Peru in 1978 while he was search- ing for the long-lost M. davisii. Plants flowered in cultivation the following year. A collection of this species made in 1939 by Edward K. Balls and deposited at = was identified as M. davisii by 0.0. W liams. Similar to M. davisii and M. veitchiana both in habit and habitat, M. welischii is easily distinguished by the bright orange color of the sepals and a pubescence of the dorsal sepal that glows with a blue iri- descence in sunlight. The hairs are pointed, not clavate as in M. veitchiana. The petals and lip are narrow and acute. ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM Plate 563. Masdevallia welischii a ae SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1097 MASDEVALLIA SECTION RACEMOSAE Masdevallia subgenus Masdevallia section Racemosae Woolward, The Genus sake ridlsuanesd ere i 1896. Type osa Lindl., Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 1, 15: 256, 1845. Ety.: facsae be, sie racemosus, “racemose,” referring to the inflorescence. The species of this unispecific section is unique in the genus by virtue of the long-repent habit; a loose inflorescence of successive and simultaneous flowers; deeply connate sepals without tails; elliptical, acute petals; and a simple, oblong lip. Masdevallia racemosa — Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 1, 15: 256, 1845. Ety.: From the Latin rac “racemose,”’ referring to the inflorescence. Syn.: Masdevallia racemosa var. crossii hort., Gard. Chron. n.s. 20: 691, 1883. Nomen nudum. Plant medium in size, terrestrial, long-repent, with the rhizome stout, 1-3 cm long between rami- cauls; roots 9 ign bose stout, ascending to erect, 2-4 cm long, enclosed by 2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, pe se 48 cm long including a petiole 1. J 2. 5 cm a rau blade risa Bhs elliptic, ase ie; 1.5-25'c . In- flo al cessively Soe to sve -flowered raceme, usually 2 flowers open simultaneous ly, 10-15 cn cm long, borne b y a slender, erect, purple peduncle 10-15 cm long, with a bract near the mid- dle, from near the middle of — neva floral bract infundibular, 6-8 mm long; pedicel 10-12 mm long; ovary dotted with red, s rrucose, 4-5 oran d with —— red-orange along the veins, prorat ee sparsely s short- -pubescent t within , the dorsal sepal oblong, abruptly dilated i in the distal third, 208 og long, | 10 mm wide expanded, connate to the lateral nar for p ovate, ca the obtuse apex duced i the lateral Is 25 long, te 23 mm in © a lamina that is oblong below the middle, 8 mm wide, abruptly dilat a with the pig apices rounded, each with a minute acuminate ca in petals — he take ist: , elliptical, a mm long, 2.25 mm wide, the labellar half with a low, elliptical callus; lip whi aan 7.5mm “ae 4 ' mm wide, the apex rounded, nrenalaache'e gat the disc shallowly farses between a longitudinal pair of low calli, the base cordate, hinged beneath; column light yellow, suffused with rose, semiterete, 6 mm long, with the apex erose, foot 2 mm long, with a mae. incurved ieenien LOMBIA: Cauca: above Popaydn, Paramo de Puracé, silva Pitayo, alt. 10,000-14,500 m, 1843, T. sank 1432 (Holotype: K, Isotypes: BM, G, LD, P, W); Paramo de Puracé, alt. 3300 m, Feb. 1938, K. von Snider 1750 (S); Péramo de Puracé, San Fran- cisco, alt. 3400 m, 23 July 1943, J. pee bine gen 14670 faa: Pdramo de Puracé, alt. 3300 m Oct. 1961, J. Cuatrecasas & L. Willard 26312 ae Puracé, Rio Vinagre, rg Chibchiquaré, alt. 3250 m, 15 Jan. 1991, R. Ruiz & Cortés 1235 (MO); above Popayan, alt. fo gercindeg May 1878, F.C. Lehmann 6751 (AMES, G, K, LE, US, W); Paramo de Delicias, F C. Lehmann B.T.183 (AMES, W); Péramo de Moras, alt. 3000-3800 m, 29 Oct. — F.C. Lehmann 2098 (AMES, BM, K, LE, US); if os alt. 3070 m, 27 July 1978, C. Luer, J. Luer & R. Escobar 3044 Apes K, MO, SEL); P: alt. 3150 “ 13 Nov. 1982, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Escobar & A. Lehmann de ans 8350, 8385 (AMES SEL); Rio Vinagre, east of Popay4n, alt. 2800 m, 7 Nov. 1948, : Ypres, J. Arague & F. Barkley (US); between vi and Totors, alt. 3200 m, 18 July 1948, H. Garcia-Barriga & J.G. Hawkes 12708 Us) ~~ northeast of Silvia, alt. 3200 m, 22 Oct. 1946, O. Haught 5119 iene Paletara, 1906, H. Pittier 1420 (AMES, US); without ea data, cultiv: by M. &O. tat pg ig tage ig ). This species is endemic in subparamo forests at a high altitude in southern Colombia where it was first discovered by Theodore Hartweg in 1843. Carder of Messrs. Shuttleworth & Carder was the first to succeed in exporting living plants to Europe in 1883. When first offered at their sale, a dried plant with at least ten flowers carefully arranged on the raceme was displayed. An illustration with 14 : ; 5 Wers Was published in the Gardeners’ Chronicle and in Veitch Manual of Orchidaceous Plants, level in Masdevallia racemosa or Sat altitudes over 3000 meters above wees me the cre Me nBE Mes Where creep inthe oe, loose, leafy humus. wa cessively flowered racemes ally bear no more than two scarlet flowers ope One time, but as Many as 18 may ey -ylindrical bel the middle we simultaneous flo’ : aline tube is €ntually be produced. The sep the obtuse, tailless sepals abruptly expand. SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1099 MASDEVALLIA SECTION TRIOTOSIPHON Masdevallia sect. Triotosiphon (Schitr.) Sweet, Bot. Mus. Leafl. 26: 40, 1978. Type: Masdevallia bangii Schitr., Repert . Spec. Nov. Regni Ve g. Beih. 10: 41, 1922. Ety.: From the Greek triotosiphon, “a three-eared tube,” chee to the short, sepaline lobes. Syn.: Masdevallia subgen. Triotosiphon Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 10: 42, 1922. Type: Masdevallia bangii Schltr. This taxon was suggested by Schlechter as subgenus Triotosiphon when he described Bang’s collection of a minute Bolivian species. However, this taxon meets the criteria for subgenus Masdevallia. Among the numerous species of the subge- nus, the few closely related species that constitute this taxon are treated here as another section. Six species are recognized, four from coastal Venezuela, and two from the eastern declivities of the Andes. Vegetatively, the small to very small, caespitose plants bear single, more or less tubular, kyphose (humpbacked) flowers constricted above the middle. The free portions of the sepals are short, thick and similar to each other. Simply on the basis of deep connation of the sepals, some of the species had been mistakenly transferred to Physosiphon. Although calliferous petals are one of the primary distinctions of Masdevallia, the callosity of the petals of some individuals of species of this section are vestigial or wholly lacking. The lips are simple and oblong, and channeled between longitudinal calli. BINOMIALS IN MASDEVALLIA ATTRIBUTABLE TO SECTION TRIOTOSIPHON M. bangii Schltr. ; Plate 565. M. gnoma Sweet Plate 566. M. irapana Sweet Plate 567 M. kvyplk tha Sweet Plates 568A, 568. M. lansbergii Rchb.f. Plate 569. M. pseudominuta Sweet = M. kyphonantha M. triodn Sweet = M. bangii M. | Sweet Plate 570. 1100 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM KEY TO THE SPECIES 1 Sepals on tk ak } iddl ; petals dilated at the obtuse apex aris M. venezuelana 2 1’ Sepals connate to above the middl epals with the fi i ly triangular, acute; petals obovate, obtuse..... é — ‘ Sena aaah ag M. kyphonantha 2" Sepals with the free portions ovate, subacute to obtuse 3 3 Petals broadest at the apex, truncate-tridentate M. lansbergii 3° Petals not truncate-tridentate......... 4 4 Lip with the apex erose, verrucose.........___ M. buat 4” Lip not verrucose at the Yo ee Dies Bante are ot ten ran Ubvansrdbbeniaaueieebeicsies. Goi (occ. Masdevallia bangii Schitr., R Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 10: 41, 1922. Ety.: Named in honor of its ji = 2 ag egni eg. Be * : ’ co Physosiphon bangii (Schit.) Garay, Canad. J. Bot. 34: 249, 1956, yn.: Masdevallia triogn Sweet, Bot. \ Leafl. 26: 46 1978. as From the Greek tri-oon, “three ©ggs,” referring to the ovoid, free segments of the sepals. 10 mm long. caches iphyti » densely Caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, blackish, erect, 2- obtuse to Ber 15- ¥ 2-3 tubular Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, narrowly obovate-linear, tinetly base. apn long, 2-4 mm wide, 2 mm thick, narrowly cuneate below into the indis- ‘ 2 litary f] borne b: a slender, erect to suberect peduncle 5- saa Lon, pt brat ear the a from low On the i floral bract 2.5-4 mm long; pedicel 3-5 Sento oblon Cf Pale yellow or light yellow-green, rous, the hone to nil Ke Pets long, 1.5-2 mm wide ec concave, connate 4.5-8 mm to ' above the middle pe toute: Cylindrical, ine tube, more or less dilated dorsally and = = portion yellowi thickened, ovate, subacute to obtuse, 3-4.5 mm long, connate 4-5 mim, 2-4 mm wide expanded, the free portions thick, mm Petals translucen th eh £1 pote oe . ) } | | SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1101 BOLIVIA: La Paz: Nor pinncy Coroico, 8 Sept. toty m, 27 Jan. 1983, C. Luer, J. Luer & mea (SEL). Cochabamba: Chapare, aid bie ae Villa Tunari, alt. 1200 m, 8 Feb. 1980, C. Luer, J. Luer & R. Vasquez 5195 (SEL ): PERU: Amazo. I iD, ae alt. 2000 m, Ge 1978, collected by B. rstle et al., Sci taet May 1980, C. Luer 5293 pio Huénuco: between Tingo Maria and Pucall- pa, alt. 1600, She 1981, M. Arias A-28 (K, M, E W, Herb. H. Kéniger); same collection, cultivated by B. Wiirstle in ot aaa Germany, 7 t. 1981, C. Luer 6467 (SEL ECUADOR: Morona- -Santiago: Cordillera — pasig between Mendez and Morona, alt. 950 m, Jan. 1989, C. Luer, J. Luer, P. Jess up, A. Jes stony: Teague ie 356 7. (Moy, ature Chin nego near alt. 1000 m, collected vated at Tari ee 27 Sept. 1980, C. Luer wee (SEL): re of Zamora along Rio Jamboe, alt. 1000 m, 24 1992, C. Luer, J. Luer, P. Jesup, A. Jesup & A. sa 16148; oe ae epee M. Fiske s.n. (holo- type of M. trioén: AMES); Cordillera del Condor east of Los 550) m, 18 May 1988, C. Luer, A. Hirtz, W. Flores, A. Andreetta & W. Teague 13463 tr Be mari - 1 d Nambija, alt. 1300 m, A. Hirtz 5510 (MO). This tiny species is widely distributed, locally abundant, and variable in its wide range through the eastern slopes of the Andes from southern Ecuador into Bolivia, where it was set collected in 1884 by Miguel Bang. The sepals are deeply connate into a very small, solitary, white, tubular flower constricted above the middle, and dilated dorsally pea below the middle. Garay had transferred the species to hysosiphon because of the deeply connate sepals. The free portions are shorter, thick and obtuse. The size of the flowers varies with the lengths of the sepals between eight and eleven millimeters. Plants from the Cordillera del Condor in southeastern Ecuador, described as M. triodn, are small, but certainly conspecific with M. bangii. The petals and lip hidden deep within the sepaline tube are variable in morphol- ogy. The membranous, oblong petals often lack any thickening on the labellar half, one of the most reliable features for identification of the genus. The lip is narrowly oblong with a longitudinal pair of intramarginal calli extending from obtuse angles above the middle and merging toward the thickened base. The apex is variably rounded to subtruncate, and sometimes microscopically erose. 1102 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM 3 3 z aan oe avenge ST Ta OA, BOTA? ACT gee ome at Beene eae Oe Pn ae ae TINY =n SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1103 Masdevallia gnoma Sweet, Bot. Mus. Leafl. 26: 41, 1978. Ety. From the Latin gnomus, “‘a dwarf,” referring to the small habit of the plant. Plant very small, epiphytic, densely caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, blackish, 2- 5 mm long, enclosed by 2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, narrowly obovate-linear, obtuse to subacute, 15-35 mm long, 2-3 mm wide, 1. = 2 mm thick, narrowly cuneate below into the indistinctly petiolate base. Inflorescence a solitary flower borne by a slender, erect to suberect peduncle 15-25 mm long, with a bract near the met from low on vine caaaak floral bract 3-3.5 mm long; pedicel 4-5 mm long; ovary blackish, 2-4 mm long; sepals pale a or light Aci npti glabrous, the orsal sepal narrowly oblong-ovate, 11-16 mm long, 2 mm wide expanded, concave, connate 6-8 mm to the lateral | sepals to form a lightly arcuate, pi te a tube, more or ans dilated dorsally and ickened, narrowly y ovate, acute, 47 mm long, the lateral sepals 10-14 mm long, connate 4-6 mm, id , narrowly ovate, acute, 4-6 mm long; petals translucent sae membranous, linear-ovate. te, 2. 5-3 mm long, 0.8- 1 mm wide, the apex obtuse, to subtruncate, or with an obtuse eitaben. the labellar dilated below the middle with a a low, rounded callus; lip yellow or yellow-orange, oblong, 2.5-3 mm long, | mm wide, e apex subtruncate, more or less minutely erose, the disc with a pair of low, longitudinal calli with erect, apne angles near the middle, the base oma concav ti th hi seiniineate 2.5 mm lo the oie thick, 1 mm long with a minute, , incurved extension. ECUADOR: Napo: vicinity of Papallacta, without date or altitude, Stacy s.n. (Holotype: cage ee epiphytic near Bomboiza, alt. f 1000 m, c ted by A. Andreetta, sanivenek | in i Cuenca, 18, ANE 1978. . Luer 3318 (SEL); epiphy- %» 5 tic near Rio Calagrés, alt. ca. 1500 m, collected by A. | ° < i Peake cultivated in Cuenca, 6 Nov. 1982, Cc. Vey Luer 829] (SEL); Rio Calagras, north of Gualaquiza, ¢ ca. 1000 a 28 July 1975, C. Luer, G. Luer & S. age eo Wilhelm 652 (SEL). ee This tiny species is extremely similar to the frequent, variable, and widely dis- oi a tributed M. bangii. It occurs on the east- yx ern slopes of the Andes of central Ecuador ri at the northern limit of the distribution of % M. bangii. The plants and the flowers of a Se Poo the two species are indistinguishable er except for the petals and lips hidden within / the sepaline tubes. The labellar margins of ; the petals of M. gnoma are dilated below & the middle with a more distinct callus. A The petals of M. bangii are more or less 7 oblong with the callus often obscure or obsolete. The lip of M. gnoma is distin- guished by the pair of erect angles near the middle from the longitudinal calli, and the disc above the base is shallowly concave. The lip of M. bangii is narrower with longitudinal, marginal calli that converge to form a thick base 1104 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM 4 | Sa ene ve a ee SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1105 Masdevallia irapana Sweet, Bot. Mus. Leafl. 26: 42, 1978. Ety: Named for Venezuelan community of Irapa, near where the species occurs. Plant small, —. caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls a blackish, — to suberect, 5- 10 mm long, enclosed by 2-3 thin, close, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect to suberect, coriaceous, 2-4 cm long including an ao. a ican ca. lcm long, the blade narrowly ssn sabiiciing 2-4 mm wide in the sid state, gradual wed below into the base. Inflorescence a solitary flower, borne by a slender, rect to suberect ae 10-13 cm long, with a bract above the base, from low on the ramicaul; floral bract tubular, 3. 5 mm im long; — el 3. 5 mm nes ore 2 mm long; sepals white, epg connate to ed below the middle, constricted near or above the _ the Ps se narrowly linear, concave, 8.5-12 m mm long, 1.5-2 wide, connate to the secs sepa fe +h > T mm, the free portion yep aie with orange, narrowly elliptical. bs ute, 3-5 mm 1.5 mm blade, 4-6 mm tong, 3mm spre saneed es free portions suffused oe orange, ee elligtical, acute, 3-5 = -25-1.5 mm wide; petals translucent white, oblong-spathulate, 2-3 mm long, 0.6-1 mm wide, 1-veined, slightly iddle, slightly dilated va the broadly obtuse apex, the labellar an with a nearly obsolete, longitudinal thickenin g below ck, lip re cee: subpandurate, 3 mm long, 1 mm wide, the disc sulcate between a pair of broad below the middle, the apex obtuse, frin ringed, column greenish white, semiterete, 2 mm long, the foot 1 mm long, with a short, thick, incurved exten- sion. VENEZUELA: Su we Lag de cpp aye * ) -, Humo, northeas HES 1966, J.A. cuca te Vudccue pee ee. oe. Boasiee VEN), C. Luer illustr. 17162; without collec- |; or n data, G.C.K. Dunsterville 19 (AMES), C. Luer - ak 17163. This little species is apparently ende- mic on the Peninsula de Paria of coastal Venezuela where it was first collected by Julian Steyermark in 1966. Except for being smaller both vegetatively and floral- ly, it is very similar to M. venezuelana. As in the latter, the narrowly tubular flowers are constricted near the middle with the orange, thickened, free portions more or less spreading. The translucent and membranous petals are spathulate with the dilated apex obtuse, and with a barely discernible thickening along the labellar margin below the middle. The apex of the lip is fringed and verrucose, and below the middle the disc is sulcate between a pair of broadly rounded, erect calli. The accompanying illustration includes parts of two specimens. A flower and the parts of the dissected flower were drawn from pickled material preserved by Dunsterville (19), but no vegetative material was preserved. The plant was drawn Steyermark’s collection (95079). A flower hydrated in ammonia confirms that the two collections represent the same species. 1106 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM cap ee wes Terese at ee - & * . * meee . * = os wenn rieaere age ae - ‘s SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1107 Masdevallia kyphonantha Sweet, Bot. Mus. Leafl. 26: 44, 1978. Ety.: From the Greek kyphonanthos, ‘‘a humpbacked flower,” refetring to the arcuate, sepaline , more or less dilated dorsally. Mi lli Bot. Mus. Leafl. 26: 45, 1978. By. ; From the Greek pseudo-, “false-, i and the epithet minuta, in allusion to a vague similarity very call epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, blackish, 4-10 mm long, uate 2; 2- 3 close, tubular sheaths. _Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, sulcate, narrowly linear, narrowly 2-3 mm wide. Inflorescence a small, soli- tary, vine to Poa yellow flower, borne | by an erect, slender sang 10-25 mm pes with a aa below the middle, from near 3-5 mm lo g; pedicel na mm long; ovary, 2-4 mm long; sepals white, glabrous, the dorsal sepal oblong, concave, eee g, 2-3 mm wide expanded, connate to the lateral sepals for 5-9 mm to form an arcuate, cylindrical si the free portion arpa piped irtanguler, hacen, 3- te mm ms the lateral ia ~— 4-8 mm into a de ee ee -10 mm triangular, acute, 3-7 ong; ata translucent white, obovate- spathulate, 2. 5-3 mm long, 0.8- sk 25 mm obscurely ohesicaan to saree n apcclats, usually with a minute , low middle sie vee. er thirds; lip ifenh or white suffused with orange, oblong, 2.5-5 mm long, 1-1.5 wide, the disc with a tea of low, longitudinal calli, the utely erose, cellular-glandular, the base daily hinged beneath; column white, semiterete, 2-3.75 mm long, the meee s than 1 mm long, my a minute, mare eck exte VENEZUELA: Yaracuy: El A to C i 7 km north of Salom, alt. 1250 m, 17 June 1972, J JA. mi ic 106263 (Holotype: AMES; Isotype: VEN); same collection, cultivated by G.C.K. Dun- sterville at El Hatillo, 24 July, Fue C. Luer 8087 (SEL). Falcon: Sierra de San Lui. ar Carimagua, alt. 7, ia oa C. Garcia s.n. sry Warsi reite 538 (holotype of M. pseudominuta: AMES); same collec- tion, pacha by G.C.K. Denstecville 1286A at El Hatillo, 27 July ee Cc. Luer 8109 (SEL); without in cultivation, 4 Sept. 1981, by B. Wiirstle 1241 ( (SEL), C. Luer illustr. 6451. Masdevallia kyphonantha from the coastal mountains of Venezuela is distin- guished from its allies by narrowly linear leaves; narrowly triangular free portions of the sepals shorter than a variably arcuate (kyphose) sepaline tube; and spathulate petals obscurely lobed or notched at the apex. The small callus below the middle is sometimes obsolete. The oblong lip is sulcate between a pair of longitudinal calli. The margin of the rounded apex is sometimes microscopically erose. An illustration of this species was identified as M. minuta in Venezuelan Orchids Illustrated, Vol. 4. An illustration of M. minuta has not been published in Venezuelan Orchids Illustrated nor in The Orchids of Venezuela Field Guide. Plate 568A. Masdevallia chee ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM ee reece ee ec NE att 5 cm Plate 568. Masdevallia kyphonantha SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1109 Masdevallia lansbergii Rchb.f., Nederl. Kruidk. Arch. 4: 317, 1859. Ety.: Named in honor of Reinhart van Lansbergen, Dutch traveler who collected orchids around Caracas. Syn.: Physosiphon lansbergii (Rchb.f.) L-O. Williams, Bot. Mus. Leafl. 7: 138, 1939. Plant small, epiphytic, densely caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 6-10 mm long, enclosed by 2-3 close, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly obovate, subacute to obtuse, 2-6 cm long including an indistinct petiole, 4-6 mm wide. Inflorescence a pars diprnegs sagt . = yellow pbeicsetd borne by an erect, slender peduncle 3-5 cm long, with a bract be of the eae floral bract tubular, 5 mm long; pedicel 6-12 mm cette tints: 2- see mm fice mga glabrot ep y g, concave, Al. 19 mm long, 2 mm wide, connate to the lateral sepals for 6. t Pp yellowish, thickened, narrowly aid narrowly obtuse to Subacute, 5-9 mm long, the lateral sepals connate 6.5 10 mm into a concave lamina, 3-5 mm wide expanded, ions yellowish, narrowly triangular, narrowly obtuse to subacute, 5-9 mm long; petals teahcee white, membranous, linear-oblong, spathulate, 2-2.5 mm mm long, 0. 5 mm wide, widest at the ‘tridentate-truncate cpt with a minute, obtuse callus below tl labell y white. . oblong, 2.5-3 mm long, 1 mm wide, th i the middle with obt minutely erose, to ‘cellular-glandu alar, the disc shallowl h e base hinged be sane column white, semiterete, 2 mm long, the foot less than 1 mm long, with a minute, incurved ex VENEZUELA: “‘Caracas,”’ R. van Lansbergen 4 G.C.K. Dunsterville 1351 ; same collectio : b. Steyermark, R. Liesner & hy Carefio joes (MO, FRENCH GUIANA: Saiil Corradoni, alt. 50 m, 15 Mar. 1986, collector? 1350 (B). Living plants of this Venezuelan spe- cies were probably sent among many others to Holland by van Lansbergen about 1845. No doubt, plants were soon cultivated in several gardens. It is the first of the subsection to be described. The holotype consists of a small, crude drawing of the plant with two flowers. Vegetatively, M. lansbergii is one of the largest of the subsection with leaves up to six centimeters long. The sepals are sometimes 19 mm long, but the average is less. The free portions, about as long as the tube, are narrowly ovate. The slender, membranous petals are diagnostic: broadest at the truncate-tridentate apex. small callus near the middle is associated with a slight dilation of the margin. The oblong lip is shallowly concave between marginal thickenings that end in obtuse, angles above the middle. The rounded apex of the lip is minutely denticulate-erose. 1110 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1111 Masdevallia venezuelana Sweet, Bot. Mus. Leafl. 26: 47, 1978. Ety: Named for Venezuela, the country of origin. Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect to suberect, 3-8 mm lon; enclosed by 2-3 thin, close, tubular shea _ Leaf erect to suberect, coriaceous, 2.5-6 cm long achadiog an indistinct petiole ca. 1 cm long, the blade narrowly obovate, subacute, 6-8 mm wide, gradually nar- rowed below into the base. Inflorescence a solitary flower, borne by a slender, erect to suberec t pedun- cle 3-10 cm long, with a ee above the base, from low on the ramicaul; floral bract tubular, 4-5 mm ag PE cel 5-7 mm long; ovary 3 mm long; sepals white, glabrous, connate 10 mm to about the mi O a narrow, , cylindrical tube, 3c, dilated i dorsally below the middle, x ei at the orifice near the sail P ge, e, the b lade 10 mm mm long, 2 ded te to the lateral sepals ‘for 10 0 mm, the free p portion suffused with orange, thick, aisle elliptical, acute, — mm long, 2mm narrowly ovoid synsepal, 10 mm long, 5 mm rtions suffused with orange, thick, narrowly elliptical, acute, “ge mm long, 2.3 mm w wide; oad translucent ei oblong, 3 mm long, 1 mm wide, dilated at the broadly obtuse apex, the labellar margin with a low, longitudinal callus obtusely angled in the lower third; lip yellow, oblong, 3.75 mm long, 1.25 mm ci with obtuse mar- ginal folds near the middle, the apex rounded, microscopically erase, the disc ice below the middle, the base shallowly concave, truncate wit d; column greenish white, semiterete, 2.5 mm long, the foot 2 mm long, with a short, incurved extension. : Aragua: Forests of Rancho Grande, alt. 1300 m, 11 Apr. 1937, H. Pittier 13966 — ined type: AMES; Isotype: US); same area, G.C.K. Dunsterville ca. feed cultivated by H. Phil. lips Jesup in Bristol, CT, 28 Mar. 1982, C. Luer 7406 (SEL); El Portachuelo between Maracay and Ocu- mare. 8 peste 1925, H. Pitter 11820 | (AMES, er (AMES); Parqué Nacional H lenry Pitti ttier, ridge above Rancho Grande toward Pico Guacamayo, alt. 1500- 1700 m, 20 Oct. 1961, J.A. Steyermark 89793 (AMES, VEN). Sucre: Peninsula - Paria, east of Cerro Humo, alt. 760-1000 m, 24 Feb. 1980, J.A re gc R. Liesner & V. Carrefio 121757 (MO, VEN). This little species is apparently ende- mic to the coastal mountains west of Cara- cas where it was first collected by Henri Pittier in 1925. Among several clones in cultivation today, the large one described and illustrated here is particularly fine. It as been given several awards. Slender peduncles bear fragrant, tubular flowers about as high as or higher than the leaves. The narrow, orange, free portions of the sepals diverge from the orifice of the white, constricted tube which is as long as the free portions. The petals are spathulate with the dilated apex obtuse, and with a low keel on the labellar half below the middle. The lip is oblong with a pair of obtuse calli at the middle, with the apex rounded, and with the oblong basal half shallowly concave and sulcate. Erroneously identified as Physosiphon lansbergii (Rchb.f.) L. O.Williams in Vene- zuelan Orchids Illustrated, it was correctly identified in the field guide. 1112 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1113 MASDEVALLIA SUBGENUS AMANDA Masdevallia subgenus Amanda Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot, Gard. 16: 10, 1986. Bas.: Masdevalli , Gard. Chron. n.s. 2: 290, 1874. : Masdevallia amanda Rchb.f. & Warsz., Bonplandia 2: 115, 1854. From the Latin amandus, “lovely,” referring to the pleasing flowers. Syn.: Masdevallia subsect. Amandae (Rchb-f.) Veitch, Man. Orchid. Pl. 5: 18, 1889. Type: Masdevallia amanda Rchb.f. & Warsz. Syn.: Masdevallia sect. Polystictae Kraenzl., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 34: 32, 1925. Type: Masdevallia polysticta Rchb.f. Ety.: From the Greek polystictos, “with many dots,” referring to the spotted flowers. This well-defined subgenus contains 28 species, the majority of which are found in the Andes of Ecuador with a few species in adjacent southern Colombia and a few species in adjacent northern Peru. One species, M. rafaeliana, is endemic in Costa Rica. Many species are confined to a limited region, but others are more widely distributed. Masdevallia amanda is relatively frequent in Ecuador, all three cordilleras of Colombia, and westernmost Venezuela. One species, M. densiflora, has not been recollected since its original discovery. Some locally endemic, morphologically stable species are easily recognized (e.g. M. chaetostoma, M. corazonica, M. dalstroemii, M. hydrae, M. porphyrea, M. rafaeliana, M. staaliana, M. tentaculata and M. zygia), but distinguishing other species is sometimes difficult, the most difficult being the variable M. polysticta and its close allies (M. caloptera, M. lehmannii and M. pulcherrima) sometimes with blurred boundaries. Masdevallia alvaroi is intermediate between M. amanda and M. picturata of subgenus Fissia. A hybrid origin was suspected when it was first discovered. Both putative parents have subsequently been found near or in the original locality. The flowers of some species of the single-flowered subgenus Fissia (e.g. M. dynastes) are superficially similar to this subgenus, suggesting a not-too-distant relationship. Subgenus Meleagris with successively flowered racemes and superfi- cially similar flowers with free sepals is also suggestive of a not-too-distant rela- tionship. Vegetatively, the species of this subgenus are caespitose or shortly ascending, and they vary from small to large in size. The leaves are petiolate. The proportion of the length of the blade to petiole varies within a species, contrary to Kranzlin’s assertion that the ratio is a good specific criterion. The racemes, loose or congested, are nearly simultaneously-flowered, and borne by peduncles that are round in cross section; the floral bracts are often more or less inflated; the ovaries are carinate or crested; the sepals are caudate and variously connate into a shallow cup or arcuate- cylindrical tube; the petals are callous on the labellar half, the margins are entire to denticulate, and the shape of the apex, often apiculate, can vary within a species; and the lip is more or less divided by marginal folds into a hypochile and a smaller epichile. A delicate strap connects the base of the lip to the tip of the extension of the column-foot, or just under the tip of the extension as in subgenus Meleagris. Type Ety.: 1114 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM BINOMIALS PUBLISHED IN MASDEVALLIA ATTRIBUTABLE TO SUBGENUS AMANDA Masdevallia abbreviata Rchb.f. Plates 571, 572. Masdevallia Xalvaroi Luer & Escobar Plate 573. Masdevallia amanda Rchb.f. & Warsz. Plate 574. Masdevallia anceps Luer & Hirtz Plate 575 Masdevallia aureodactyla Luer = M. pachyura Masdevallia biflora Regel, non Morren = M. caloptera Masdevallia a: Plates 576, 577. caloptera Rchbf. ............ Plate 578 Masdevallia calopterocarpa Rchb.f. = M. amanda OS CE ee Plate 579. Masdevallia corazonica | ae an Plates 580, 581. dalstroemii Luer........... Plate 582. Masdevallia delphina Luer........ pe eal Plate 583. Masdevallia densiflora Schitr., no illustration availabl page 1124 Luer & Hirtz................. Plate 584. Masdevallia graminea Luer....... Perera eb War 4 Plate 585. Masdevallia gustavii Rchb.f. = M. amanda ; hiana Kraenzl. = M. polysticta Masdevallia hydrae Luer Op adiahebiamarct tS oeeY AOR Plate 586. Masdevallia invenusta Luer = M. bulbo i ' = M. bulbophyllopsis Masdevallia jubar Luer = M. tridens ae lehmannii Rchb.f Plat Bin BUS ribsraenentirieclsticet op. fos) ates 587, 588. eerie Plate 589. Masdevallia melanopus Rehb ff. ........... Masd i. Plate 590. Masdevallig oa i. = Meira bekiateccleseeecs 62) Plate 591. Ova-avis ane loos ESET aa Plate 592. M, lia Pachy ura thy yet ee ae a ae Plate 593. asdevallia pachyura Subsp. leptoura = M. leptoura Masdevallia polysticta Rehb-f. ...... Masdevalli TENSE ONE ice tac teeta ge ee ee Plates 594, 595. 1a polysticta var. crassi Masdevallia Polysticta vena Rchbf. = M. pach Masdevallia aan Pathliflia (Kraenzl.) Luer = M. polysticta Masdevallia pozoi ne Stile pee ce ee Ne Pee aN Plate 596. Masdevallia nie . ee Lent fee eee NC OC ibeheeeeL eS os Plate 597. Masdevaliarafeelge ee, Plate 598. Masdevallig if oe ereress M. wipe dasha tents Cee een P late 599. i . amanda Masdevallia 8 i. De nr ene Mba bes cee ceccg l= Plate 600. Masdevallia spathulifotia ee Plate 601. Masdevallin « Kraenzl. = M, polysticta sphenopetala Kraenzl =M. corazonica Masdevallia ; Fe ot tenet eneegreciseneccyeuc Plate 602. tentaculata Luer MER ee sc ccpas' eee OE Plate 603. Masdevallia tridens Rchb f Masdevallia Vittatula ae .. Roi eee aeeibesese cs, ci. Plate 604. _ Masdevaltia | — ee Plate 605. Masdevallia zypia Luer 2, vo amma Plates 606., 607 *P ee eenses: 1 eR eitiacdnnnee re eee ee a : SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1115 KEY TO THE SPECIES 1 Raceme 2-flowered 2 1’ Raceme usually with 3 or more flowers 5 2 Sepals ca. 20 mm long, exclusive of tails; lip callous without lateral folds............. M. zygia 2’ Sepals less than 15 mm long, exclusive of tails; lip variable 3 3 Sepaline tails much longer than the blades M. alvaroi 3’ Sepaline tails equal to or shorter than the blades 4 4 Sepals ca. 10 mm long; lip divided by marginal folds.................:0000++ M. amanda 4’ Sepals ca. 6 mm long; lip with hypochile tall-bilamellate M. anceps 5 Flower more or less broadly or dorsally compressed; petals retuse; 5 Hp with tall margins below the middle M. porphyrea 5” Not as above 6 6 Dorsal sepal connate below the middle to the lateral sepals into a sepaline cup..... 6’ Dorsal sepal connate above the middle to the lateral sepals into a sepaline tube. 34 7 Sepaline tails much shorter than the blades; petals not serrate........... M. rafaeliana Fe sei tina tails nearly as long as or much longer ely the blades; petals paeelly 8 Raceme lax; sepaline tails shorter to slightly longer than the b 9 8’ Raceme congested or lax; sepaline tails distinctly longer than ro fees 15 9 Sepals white, each with : 2 ee SEPUIIOG rene civropctnnansechnstnomannciensdonrphess M. caloptera 9” Sepals not with 2 p 10 10 Sepals white with large, irregular, purple Spots...........-.-+sseese20+ M. pulcherrima 10’ Sepals not with large, irregular, purple spots 11 11 Sepaline tails thick, more or less Clavate...........---+-ssssessersrsrsserenenenses M. pachyura 1 i fe Sepaline tails slender 12 12 Sepals glabrous with small dots 13 12’ Sepals densely pubescent 14 13 Plant small, usually less than 10 cm tall; raceme 2- to 4-flowered.......M. amanda 13’ Plant robust, more than 10 cm tall; raceme 4- to 8-flowered............... M. leptoura 14 Inflorescence shorter than to as long as the leaf; sepals densely ey ana 14 po seep shor than the leaf; sepals with pubescence wih ot short eat long tri imorphotricha 15 Sepals white, each with 2 purple sap Pe peta not Serrate..........-+--+++ M. uae 15’ Sepals not with 2 purple stripes; petals s 16 Raceme very congested, more or less transverse, less than 5 cm long...............- 17 16” Raceme lax to congested, erect to arcuate, more than 5 cm long 20 1116 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM ails i juncti i M. sertula ils of sepals thick, deflexed at the junction with the blade................. Af Eos . pals slender, not deflexed 18 mcs yellow or yellow-white, sometimes dotted with red or purple....M. — 18° Sepals purplish or white, diffusely spotted with purple M. ova-avis 19 Leaves 3-4.5 cm wide; dorsal sepal ca. 14 mm long ; 19” Leaves less than 2 cm wide; dorsal sepal ca. 7 mm long.................. M. densiflora 20 Dorsal sepal subacute; sepals shortly pubescent and diffusely and densely dotted with red-purple within M. dalstroemii 20° Dorsal sepal obtuse to rounded; sepals not as above 21 21 Sepals white, or variously spotted with purple, no to sparsely pubescent... = 21” Sepals yellow, variously spotted with red or bro 22 Dorsal sepal rounded... M. Pepnicsi: 22’ Dorsal sepal ovate, subacute... M. segrex 23 tier » Shortly pubescent externally; epichile of lip not retor Mie 8, shortly pubescent externally; ep Beh whee 11-15 mm long, i slabro us: ; epichile of lip broader than hypochile.M. ond 3 Sealine tals very sere less than half as long as the blade 2 24° Sepaline tails least half as long as the blade or longer. 25 Mature leaves aS than 4 cm tall: petals minute, oblong, entire....M. microsiphon 25° Mature leaves 5-9 cm tall i , 27 TT ROPES SSC eSe Send aticvecses sc SEURTOOUET ESTs eee ekeEeerees. Dobe ee eran M. bulbophyllopsis xp Sealine tails about as long as the blades... By en 33 Raceme con, Oe TE ae Ne a em nT 29 i. z 29 39° Lillorescence less than 8 ne scence more is, 0 a 'S entire... M. coraz : oar — at the orifice, dilated below; lip with the Bese: temineeg ip w with t h the epichil not wider than the nyc eaneee 31 sorte ponies! ln han the blades... M. abbreviata tails thic tie, 35, Pedicels short, rosso se €qual to the floral bract..__ M. melanopi Dene — ding the floral cera — M. xanthodactyla | within............ M. chaetostoma ‘ot long ape eseemt within M. tentaculata SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1117 Masdevallia abbreviata Rchb.f., Gard. Chron. n.s. 10: 106, 1878. Ety.: From the Latin abbreviatus, “‘shortened,”’ poe inti to the smaller flowers. Plant small to medium in size, epiphytic, shortl g pitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 1-3 cm long, enclosed by 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, 3-11 cm long including the ores petiole 1-3.5 cm long, the blade narrowly elliptical-oblong, subacute, 0.7-2 cm wide, gradually narrowed below into the slender petiole. Inflorescence 12-25 cm long, including a simultaneously and ‘ete several-flowered, secund raceme up to 10 cm long, the peduncle slender, with 2 distant bracts eee the middle, from low on the ramicaul; floral bracts ry 4-6 mm long, slight- ly inflated; pedicels 3-4 mm long; ovary undulate-ribbed, 2 mm long; sepals white, with or without small purple spots, Pagan the margins microscopically serrate, the aie Sesh obovate, concave, ee 10 mm long, 5.5 -7 m paline tube, d tracted into a sl ye Se eect. acne sepals ovate-oblong, 6. 5-9 mm long, 2 ses mm wide, connate 2.5-4 mm, constricted above the dilated dorsal se epal; petals white, thin, pyrene ic, 3- 3.75 mm long, 1-1.9 mm wide, the apex truncate, more or less tridentate, microscopically denticulate, the labellar half with a low, narrow, longitudinal callus; lip light yellow, oblong subpandurse, 4-5 mm long, 1.5-2.5 mm wide eae with oblique ical-oblong, canaliculat te, th 3 ¢ ) , long d, the base subtruncate, hi th d; colum rked with . semiterete, 2-3 mm long, the foot oot equally ite witha short, thick, inct incurved extension. PERU: Without collection data, possi ibly collected by Roezl, imported and cultivated in Zurich, 10 May 1878, by Herr ae 108? (Holotype: W); cultivat- ed June 1878 by Day s.n. (W); cultivated Jan. 1878 and 29 Apr. 1879, by Wm. Bull 234, 294, 295, 691, 692 (W); cultivated Jan. 1884 by Sande W). B. Malo, cultivated at Tarqui near eter “ Oct. 1979, C. Luer 4698 (SEL); between nT ant Domingo, alt. ca. 1500 m, collected by & A. Hirtz, cultivated at Paute, 16 May 1988, C. west of Guaranda, alt. ca. 2800 m, collected Aug. 1978, cultivated by A. Andreetta, 29 Mar. agi MS Luer 4050 (SEL). Loja: above Zaruma and El alt. 2000-2300 m, F.C. Lehmann 7018, ius (K). west of Loja, cultivated by B. Malo at Tarqui, May 1988, C. Luer 13678 (MO). Without locality, cultivated at J&L Orchids, Easton, CT, 9 Nov. 1978, C. Luer 2134, 2299 (SEL). This species, found on the western declivities of Ecuador and Peru, was first collected i in northern Peru, probably by Benedict Roezl about 1874. The identifi- cation of the holotype is not clear, because of haphazard mounting of fragments of specimens and 10 sketches on five herbar- ium sheets. This species is distinguished by the loose raceme of several, small, simultane- ous, white flowers, variously dotted with purple, and with slender, yellowish tails longer than the blade. The petals are variably oblong or obcuneate and apicu- ate, with the margins more or less minute- ly dentate at the apex. : Tee Plate 571. Masdevallia abbreviata 1118 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM oer 4 dni bts th Dace fe aero Ra ie 5 a al a LY la) SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1119 ee Xalvaroi Luer & Escobar, Spd prem sr 13: 47, 1978. amed in honor of Dr. Alvaro Arango M. of Medellin, Colombia, who discovered this taxon. Ramicauls erect, slender, 1-1.5 to medium in size, ae-tiley caespitose; roots slender. . Leaf coriaceous, narrowly obovate, subacute, 5-8 cm cm cm long, enclosed by 2-3 tubular sheath long a an indistinct peonge 0. 8-1 cm wide, gradual Inflorescence a distantly sp y 2-flowered (occasionally 1-flowered) raceme, with the flowers ca. % cm apart, nae = a slender, erect peduncle 7-12 cm long, with a bract below the _— from low on the ramicaul; floral bract tubular, 5mm | long; pedicel green, — with —* long; ovary 2 mm long, v with thick, te, spotted w meine minu tely pu ubescent 1 p inut ately ili ith Pp elliptical, concave, 11 mm long, 9 mm wide, te to the lat Is for 2 fe hort sepaline c cup, the ap Dex cbnase ‘0 rounded, abruptly contracted into a slender, green tail 20 m mm long, the lateral sepals ee 088 — pie mm long, 5 mm wide, connat the column -foo ces a tails similar hat of the d ] ] tals pea dotted a nc ri ong st margins, oblong, 5 mm long, 2 mm wide, the apex tridentate, the labellar m. with a low, longitudinal callus ending ina ——— prominence : above the base; lip ro brown, oblong- ee = sel mm lone. 3 mm w ide, , the apex column green, marked with purple, semiterete, 5 mm long, nan ee 3 mm long, with a very y short, incurved extension. COLOMBIA: coca et Rionegro, epiphytic in forest between Don Diego and Rionegro, Alto de Barahonda, alt. 2280 m, Feb. 1972, collected by A. 10 Oct. 1977, C. Luer 1978 (Holotype: SEL); s collection, cultivated at Colomborquideas, 17 pe 1988, C. Luer 13239 (MO). Masdevallia Xalvaroi, without doubt, is a naturally occurring hybrid between M. picturata and M. amanda, both of which are known to grow in the same area. The habit and the inflorescence have characters mid-way between the two. The inflorescence is a distantly two- flowered raceme, the ovaries are undulate- ribbed, the white sepals with purple spots are connate only basally, the tips of the petals are tridentate, and the apex of the lip is obtuse above marginal folds. ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM 1120 Pe ee eT, ee ee an ne epee a Ee Sta ae Be SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1121 Masdevallia amanda Rchb.f. & Warsz., —— - eh 1854. Ety.: From the Latin amandus, “lovely,” referring t Syn.: Masdevallia gustavii Rchb.f., Gard. Gard. Chron. n.s. 3: Pat os, Ety.: Named in honor of Gustav Wallis, the p ee ee: Syn.: Masdevallia calopterocarpa Rchb.f., Flora 69: 560, 1886. Ety.; From the Greek kalopterocarpos, “pretty, winged fruit,” referring to the capsules. Syn.: Masdevallia apenas Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 7: 79, 1920. Ety.: From the Greek oliganthos, ‘‘with few flowers,”’ referring to the few-flowered raceme. Syn.: Masdevallia ede t nzl., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 415, 1921. ot From the Latin sirens “with remote flowers,” referring to the raceme. a | ws & +, Pn 4 rect, 1- Rami 2.5 cm — enclosed oy 2-3 thin tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, sae 5-13 cm ic acs ing the petiole 2-5 cm long, th , 1-2cm wide, the base cuneate into a Inflorescence : a loosely few-flowered, tt 8-16 cm long genes the peduncle, with 1-2 bracts below the raceme, from low on the ramicaul; floral bract inflated, 5 mm long; pedicel 3-5 mm long; ovary 2 mmm niong with 3 undulating crests; sepals get br Tous, yellow to pale yellow greene or whitish, ate, concave 10-11 mm ne I1- 12mm mm wide : expanded, connate en = the lat ] E se 4 ¢ - gaping cup, +h yellow tail 6n mm 1 long, the letexal sepals clog, 12 mm long, o sp wide, connate 1.5 mm, the oblique at of f the dors sepal; petals white, , often dotted with purple, more or less oblong, 5 mm long, 2.5 mm peng late above the middle, the labellar margin with a i A cals lip brown to orange, diffusely dotted with red-brown, oblong-subpandurate, 6 mm long, 3 mm with obtuse marginal folds above the middle, the epichile oblong, rounded, the sorter oblong spac the base truncate, cleft, hinged below; column green with purple margins, semiterete, 5.5 mm long, the foot 4 mm long with a short, incurved extension COLOMBIA: without locality, Warszewicz s.n. (Holotype: W); without locality, G. Wallis s.n FE, 1851, L. Schlim 503 (BR, G, K, P, Ww); Alto de Santa Inez, alt. 2150 m, 13 May 1984, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Escobar & E. Valencia 10347 (MO). Santander: epiphytic in forest west of Velez, alt. 2500 m, 4 May 1984, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Escobar & E. Valencia 10101 (MO). Bo: : between Arcabuco and Moniquira, alt. 2500 m, 25 Apr. 1982, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Escobar & = oer ene 7534 (AMES, MO, SEL). Antioquia: ‘Medellin,’ G. Wallis 243 (W, type of M. ae 3 Alto del Poleal above et al. 17686 (MO). Caqueta: een ae alt. 1500 aa inp seg J. ee "3596 (BAS). Tolima: Rio Cabrera, alt. 2800 m, 10 Jan. peg 60 (BM, BR, G). Cauca: without locality, alt. 2400 m, M. Madero s.n. (holo- type ha d t B); at P 4n. alt. 1740 m, 28 Jan. 1884, FC. Lehmann 3490 (BM, - = - above Popayan, 1700-2200 m, 1891, EC. Lehmann 7014 (AMES, G, K, LE, W); San 1122 Plate 574, Masdevallia amanda SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1123 Antonio, ee José,” alt. 2400-2700 m, 28 June 1922, FW. Pennell 7293, 7589 (AMES, K, US); El Tambo, alt. 2200 m, 27 Jan. 1976, T.:C. Plowman & D. Vaughn 5332 (AMES); sap nigh coat nagpbae at La Canby M. eho Robledo, 11 Oct. 1977, C. Luer 1987 (SEL). Cundinamarca: betw 900 m, 20 June 1941, J. Renz 358] (BAS); San Miguel, alt. 2800 m, 3 ec ote tp ts ap pe San Miguel near Sibaté, * 2000-2900 m, 11 Oct. 1948, M. Schneider 233 (S). 0: Tiiquerres, 000 m, 1894, EC. : Tachira: around Las Delicias on way to Regonbalia, alt. 1900 m, 31 May 1951, J. Renz Sie hee R: Carchi: terrestrial on th Maldonado and Tulcan, alt. 2000 m, a Feb. 1978, C. Luer, J. Rand nanigh ero Sucumbios: terrestrial on the road embankment south- east of El Carmelo, alt. 2050 m, 17 May 1981, C. Luer, J. Luer & A. Hirtz 6297 ear epiphytic bet- ween El Carmelo and La Bonita, alt. napteenestes 11 Apr. 1979, B. Lgjtnant, U. Mi ‘adison 12227 (AAU). Morona-Santiago: Valle del Paute, alt. 2200 m, collected by A byorscel & M. Portilla, cultivated at Paute, 16 May 1988, C. Luer 13368 (MO). This species is frequent and widely distributed from western Venezuela, through all three cordilleras of Colombia, and less frequent as far as southern Ecuador. It occurs terrestrially on road embankments. In spite of its having been collect- ed on several occasions before Miss Woolward produced her monograph (1892- 1896), no plant was in cultivation in England for her to paint its Masdevallia amanda is variable in the size and color of the flowers, and in the lengths of the inflorescences, from short to elongate, depending upon the habitat, but the plants are usually small. Most often, the racemes are loosely two- to four- flowered, but sometimes as many as seven or eight flowers are present. Depauper- ate plants may produce only one flower. The sepals of the simultaneous, cupped flowers are variously marked with dots and transverse dashes or bars. The tails are slender and about as long as the blades. The petals are serrate and apiculate. The lip is divided by marginal folds into a round epichile and an oblong hypochile. The flowers are very similar to those of the robust M. leptoura, which could be conceived as a vigorous, austral variation of . amanda. Masdevallia densiflora was described from a collection by Madera from Cauca in Colombia. Today, only two species of subgenus Amanda are known from Colombia: M. amanda and M. vittatula. Schlechter’s description and drawing approach the former, but the congested, seven- to nine-flowered raceme seems to eliminate the possibility of its being M. amanda 1124 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM Masdevallia densiflora One of the reasons that subgenus Amanda had been delayed until Part-5 of Systematics of evalli the hope that M. densiflora would be rediscovered. It was described by Schlechter in 1920 from a collection by the mysterious Madero, a collector in Cauca in southern Colombia. All Madero’s collections were lost in the destruction of the Berlin-Dahlem herbarium in 1944. No duplicate material is known, and no known subsequent collection matches the description. The follow- ing descripti de from Schlechter’s published description and drawing. Masdevallia densiflora Schitr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 7: 77, 1920. Ety.: From the Latin densiflorus, “densely flowered,” referring to the raceme. Plant ¢a. 1 cm long, enclosed by close, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect coriaceous, lon » : . : , long-petiolate, the blade oblong-ligulate, 6-6.5 cm long, 1.8 cm wide near the middle, gradually narrowed below into a petiole 4 simultaneously 7- to 9-flowered raceme, with the rachis +35 cm long, borne by an erect to suberect peduncle ca. 9 cm long; floral bracts broadly ovate, acu- er 5mm bine sos sparred ger than the pedicel, estimated 3 mm long; pedicel and ovary togeth- ‘undulating crests, estimated 2 : ium in si als densely dated or spted with purple connate 35 mm into a tube tars resaly cor sheped aie tee (oa a9 VivVauly Uy at the 4. free part ; ri 3 P margins withi E blong, estimated to be subacute, papillose wing oblon; hl og sy long, 3-veined, with a filiform tail 23 mm long, the lateral sepals 3- long-picala slighth con i as the dorsal sepal, but distinctly narrower; petals obliquely oblong, @ longitudinal carina above the coe _ ay 4 mm long, 1-veined, with subcrenulate margins, with folds, 5 mm long. Sues the — margin; lip abruptly constricted above the middle by marginal epichile di obovate, the raha econ toward the apex, the hypochile oblong-quadrate, the Stigma, 4 mm long, with an i Subcordate, hinged beneath; coh berect, slightly dilated by the with an incurved foot 3.5 mm, the clinandrium slightly crenulate. COLOMBIA: Cauca: alt. 2100 m, M. Madero «n eo arith ¢ Ce Thi ie heateces: ing hear abe os ed by a small, slender habit with a raceme exceed- wide: sere half the length Of the leaf, which is less than two centimeters ed with seven to s ea as being three and a half centimeters long and crowd- nine diffusely purple-spotted flowers. This immediately suggests : plants of the latter are much larger with broad, pe- Owl = considerably larger. Schlechter’s drawing of the ; shows the petal with an elongated, acute, triangular apex, whi : gated, acute, triang M. mae ae a ne eration of the apiculum seen in either M. amanda ot avis. that M. densiflora is a depauperate collection of M. ova- Masdevalli ; vallia a differs from M. densiflora in the loose, few-flowered as in M. caloptera, and ent; < differs with smaller flowers with two-striped sepals instead of serrate p SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1125 Masdevallia anceps Luer & aetics Novon 1: 165, 1991. Ety.: From the Latin anceps, ‘‘two-headed,” referring to the two-flowered inflorescence. Plant very small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots a Ramicauls slender, erect, 10-14 mm long, enclosed by 2-3 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, thinly co’ us, long-petiolate, 2. oe cm tg pci ing the 1-2 cm long petiole, the blade narrowly elliptical, subs subacute, *» 3-4 mm wi ide, th cuneate into the slender petiole. Inflorescence a he faawees 1 a apart, borne by a slender, erect peduncle 2-2.5 cm long, with a ‘bract above the base, pada low on the ramicaul; floral ee inflated, 2.5-3 mm long; oh see 1.5-2 mm long; ovary 1.5 mm tt with 6 crests; sepals pale yellow with small, red spots ziebeoee; sy margins minut ely erose, the dorsal sepal obovate, concave, 6 mm long, 4 mm ate to the lateral to form a sepaline cup, the apex obtuse, contracted into straight, — forward tail 4 mm long, the lateral sepals winBirets a 5. 5 mm long, 1.6 mm wide, connate 2 the c p tails 4 mm long; petals ' white, oblong, 2.25 mm long, : "25% mm wide, th tridentate, th rein i bagi with a longitudinal carina within the labellar margin; lip white, suffused mm lon wide unexpanded, the sides rigidly erect, terminating abruptly as a pair of lamellae on the distal third, apex ovate, acute, with undulate margins, the disc shallowly —— the base subcordate, hinged ben oak: column stout, semiterete, 1.5 mm long, with a stout foot 2 mm ECUADOR: Sucumbios: epiphytic in forest above La Bonita, alt. 2000 m, Feb. 1991, A. Hirtz 5148 (Holotype: MO), C. Luer illustr. 15272. Without collection data, F.C. Le 15 Masdevallia anceps and M. microsi- phon are the smallest members of the subgenus. Masdevallia amanda, M. zygia, and this species are the only three mem- bers of the subgenus Amanda found on the eastern slopes of the Ecuadorian Andes. Masdevallia anceps is characterized by the tiny, narrow, long-petiolate leaves less than four millimeters wide; a distantly two-flowered raceme; and blades of the sepals only about six millimeters long with shorter, stout tails. Superficially similar to a depauperate M. amanda, and apparently endemic on the eastern slope of northernmost Ecuador, M. anceps is most closely allied to M. abbreviata that occurs widely distributed on the western slopes of Ecuador Peru. It differs from both M. abbreviata and M. amanda in the very much smaller, weak habit, and twice smaller flowers with short, thicker tails. The sepals of M. microsiphon are tailless and deeply connate into a tube. ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM 1126 Plate 575. Masdevallia anceps SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1127 Masdevallia bulbophyllopsis Kraenzl., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 412, et. Pee ets : 4 Pa 1921. Ety.: — for the genus Bulbophyllum Thouars in g y to Masdevallia invenusta Luer, Phytologia 44: 166, 1979. Ba. From the Latin invenustus, ‘not sti sayics — to the drab little flowers. the rhizam slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 1-2 cm long, Ri i: 2-3 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coria- ceous, nae cm on including the petiole 2-3 cm long, the blade narrowly elliptical, subacute, 1-1.5 cm wide, gradually narrowed below into the indistin tinctly petiolate | base. Inflorescence an erect, lax, se 1 As. 1 raceme of 4-6 simultaneous flowers, 10-2 th 2 distant bracts, from fl thin, tubular, 4-5 mm long; pedicel 3-5 mm fine: sepals greenish white to yellowish white, often dotted with red, glabrous, the dorsal sepal oblong, con- cave, 6-8 mm long, 2.5-4 mm wide, connate to the lateral sepals for 4-6 mm to form a curved, cylindri- cal, sepaline tube, the free portion 3.5-5 mm long, yellow, thickened, more or less terete, obs, the — — oblong, 8-11 mm long including the free, thickened, obtuse, yellow, apical porti on- mm into a concave Somer 3-5 mm wide expanded; petals — om, , oblong me sna or 2.53.5 mm log, 1-13 mam te with g less serrate, with a itudi h llow dotted with red oblong, 3-3. 31 mm long, 1 mm wide, the sides wah low, , ginal calli with ill-defined marginal folds . hinged on the end; column light green, more or less marked with purple, semiterete, 2.5-3 mm long, the foot short, with a short, thick, incurved extension. ECUADOR: Loja: near El Cisne, alt. 2600-2700 m, aa ae probably F.C. Lehmann s.n. (Holotype: W); Loja, is pe alt. 2300-2500 m, Sept. 1876, FC. Lehmann 7012 d \ (AMES, ea re 2300-2500 m, E. André 4344 i ay H ( 2000 m, collected by B. Malo, i od ee! exiteadial Tease near Cuenca, 16 July 1977, C. Luer a Z _— 1720, 1750 (SEL); same area, Las Chinchas, alt. ; if 2000-2200 m, collected by W. Teague, cultivated in San F Francisco, CA., 26 Dec. 1982, R. Escobar 2524 2 ); Same area, Ses ssc eg alt. 1800 m, collect- ML ed by A. Andreetta & M. Portilla, cultivated at Paute, 16 a. rn May 1988, C. Gel 13392 (MO). . 1 ' ' ' This species is confined to the damp, forested ravines of semi-arid, southwestern Ecuador. It is characterized by a loose raceme of several small, white, tubular flowers with short, thick, yellowish “‘tails.”” Plants with longer, slenderer apices of the sepals seem to grade into M. M. melanopus and M. abbreviata, and plants with smaller flowers and shorter tails seem to grade into M. delphina, all of which are sympatric in southwestern Ecuador. The petals of M. bulbophyllopsis are usually tridentate, but merely acute in the plant described as M. invenusta, but otherwise the two concepts are too similar to separate. Variable petals are commonly seen in related species. The lip is shallow- ly channeled between a pair of longitudin- al calli that form indistinct, marginal folds. Plate 576. Masdevallia bulbophyllopsis 1128 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM “iste S77. Masdevalia bulbophyllopsis SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1129 Masdevallia caloptera Rchb.f., Gard. Chron. n.s. 1: 338; et 2: 322, 1874. Ety.: From the Greek kalopteron, “‘a beautiful wing,” referring to the prettily colored Syn.: Masdevallia ote Regel, Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 11: 306, 1890; et Gartenflora 40: 90, t. 1341, fig. 2, 1981, non Morren 1873. Ety.: From the Latin ae “two-flowered,” referring to the two flowered raceme Plan m in size, epiphytic, caespitose, the rhi ] Ramica slender, 1.5-3 cm long, iad by 2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, 5-11 cm long sacle the petiole si long, the blade rust a ae sam 1.2-1.8 cm — gradually narrowed below into the petiolate base. Inflo imultaneously several-flowered raceme of up to 6 flowers, 13- 18 cm tall a the slender p peduncle 8-10 cm i long, with a bract near the middle and another near the base, from lo inflated, enclosing the _ and ovary, ovate, 5-7 m ds tong, 465 chin wien ak panded; pedicel 2-4 ma to ng; ovary spotted th purple, biota -winged, 2-3 mm long; sepals white, each with 2 prominent, purple veins, pikes. the free margins minutely erose, the dorsal sepal si suborbicular, SORERYE, 9-10 mm long, 8 mm wide expanded, , the rounded free ly contracted into = slender, faint tail es 9 mm long, the. lateral sepals elliptical, Lig ud —_ ng, 3.5 mm wide, concave basally an ate 1-2 m m long, simi- lar to that ~ the dorsal aie i: petals ion oe white, marked \ ith pu ple, elli - i Bgneens e to oblong, 3 mm long, 1.3 mm wide, th te apiculum, the margins serrate, with a longitudinal callus along the lower 1 - margin; lip yellow to orange, marked with purple, oblong-pandurate, 4.25 mm long, 2 mm wi a al se a “4 epichile rounded, convex, the asm oblong, wie cordate base, hinged ben eath; ina ee — purple, semiterete, 4 mm long, the foot stout, 2 mm long, with a et thick, i in- urved e PERU: “northern Peru,’’ without more specific locality, B. Roezl s.n. (Lectotype here designated: W clonotype via Ortgies: K). Piura patina in ica KGniger), cultivated by K®oniger in Munich, 5 Sept. 1981, C. Luer 6456 (SEL); above Canchaque, alt. m, 21 Feb. 1988, D. Bennett & A cultivated by M. & O. Robledo at La Ceja, 9 Nov. 977, C. Luer 2133 (SEL). Without collection data, flowered in cultivation at St. Petersburg, Regel s.n. (holotype of M. biflora: LE). This species, long familiar to hobby- ists, is apparently confined to the moun- tains of northern Peru where it was first collected by Roezl. Only one poor flower is present on the type-sheet at W, but a reasonably recognizable colored illustra- tion by Reichenbach is present. The species is not found in southwestern Ecuador where so many related species of the subgenus intermix. A similar species with white, purple-striped flowers, M. vittatula, is found in Colombia asl Ecuador. Vegetatively, M. caloptera is not distinctive. The lax, several-flowered raceme surpasses the leaves. Except for being minutely ciliate-erose, the sepals are gla- brous and snow white with a pair of purple stripes on each. The deeply concave dorsal sepal is proportionately much larger than the lateral sepals. The tails ar yellow and about as long as the blade. The petals are elliptical-obovate with ae margins of both sides serrate, and with the tip tridentate. The divided lip is basical- ly similar to that of most other species of the subgenus. 1130 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1131 Masdevallia chaetostoma Luer, Phytologia 39: 192, 1978. Ety.: From the Greek chaete, “‘long hair,’’ and stoma, “‘a mouth or opening,”’ in reference to the Plant small, hytic to t ial it lender. Ramicauls slender, 6-10 mm long, “pipes by 2-3 loo oose, tubular sheath . Leaf ere coriaceous, narrowly os obtuse to subacute, -4cm long including an ill-defined petiole 1- n 5 cm long, 0.7-1.1 cm wide, narrowly 'y few-flowered, subsecund raceme of 4-7 simul- taneous flowers, 9-10 cm tall including the slender peduncle, from low on the ramicaul; floral bract nose, oblique, 3 mm | long; Pe 1 wes long; ovary pein mm bea with undulate wings; _— white, e, 7 mm long, 3 to the ¥ illous lateral sepals fo for 5 fi ed, cylir , th rtion broadly 1 a the obtuse d, filiform t il 10-12 mm long, the lateral sepals obo- vate, oblique, 6 mm long, connate 3.5 mam, 4 mm wide together expanded, forming a prominent mentum at the base with the column-foot, th to that of the dorsal sepal; petals translucent white erin oblong, 2mm long, 0.3 mm" wide, eereenes denticulate at the trun- cate Ee slightly di margin near lip red-purple, elliptical, 2.75 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, the broadly y ded sid berect, the apex broadly rounded, minutely irregular, 4 recurved retuse, I it h, the disc with a pair of transverse, rounded lamellae above the middle; column greenish white, semiterete, 2 mm long, with a curved foot 1 mm long. ECUADOR: Pichincha: terrestrial on the road em- bank t Quit d Chirib alt. 2500 m December 1973, collected by B. Malo, cultivated at sak et 15 July 1977, C. Luer 1709 (Holotype: SEL): above Tandapi, alt. “3400 m, Dec. 1984, A. Hirtz 2175 (MO); above Tandapi, alt. 2000 m, 1991, A. Hirtz 5123 (MO); re: Silante, western slope of Corazén, alt. 8,500 ft., Aug. 1877, EC. Lehmann 33 (W); same locality, alt. 2400 m, 14 Jan. 1884, FC. Lehmann (K). This little species is locally abundant in a small region of cloud forest on the western slopes of the province of Pichincha, where the first known collec- tion was made by Lehmann in 1884. A painting by Lehmann (346) erroneously labeled M. anachaeta, but probably of this species, is deposited at Kew. The tufts of tiny leaves often produce numerous racemes held well above the blades. The little, white, arcuate-tubular flowers, long-pubescent within, produce long, straight, slender tails. The lateral folds of the lip are modified into a pair of transverse flaplike lamellae. ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM 1132 SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1133 Masdevallia corazonica Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. — die Beih. 8: 48, 1921. Ety.: Named for Mt. Coraz6n, on whose flank this species was c Syn.: Masdevallia sphenopetala Kraenzl., Repert. Spec. Nov. 2 8 Beih. 34: 41, 1 Ety.: From the Greek SA pero “a wedge-shaped petal,” doubtlessly referring to i shape of a petal in a reconstitu 1 4a PI small to very small, e Ramicauls erect, slender, fasciculated, 3-20 mm bite oh a by 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect to suberect, coriaceous, petiolate, 2-6 cm long prin so Lape 1-2.5 cm long, the blade elliptical, 5-10 mm wide, narrowly cuneate below into the slender few long borne by a slender, erect roscts 2-7 cm long, with a close bract below the middle, from low on the ramicaul; floral bract inflated, 3-4 mm long; pedicel 1-4 mm long; ovary 1-1.5 mm long, with 3 undulate avi sepals cream cream ly White, sometimes lightly spotted | with purple, glabrous, occasionally sparse- ly pubesc g, concave, 5- 9mm long, 3-5 mm wide, te to th Is fi 4 45 fe cylind tt round with minutely erose marg tracted int d pachepiteal ned eampcbntgente ateral sepals obovate, o oblique, 5- 9 mm a7 2 3 mm wide, connate 3- = H mm, constricted below the middle, the bases dilated to form a mentum below the column -fo Me acute apices contracted into slender tails 2.5-12 mm long; ps meee 20 get — oblong, 2-2.5 mm long, 0. wide, apex truncate, apiculsie to ae the rate 5? eg minimally callous, with a slight dilatation above the base; lip yellow, more or 1.75 mm wide, the ‘sides erect, broadly rounded, the low pair of Tousen es the truncate base notched, hin n the white, semiter- ae, 2-2.5 mm i the ca ak long sis a stout, incurved extension. ECUADOR: Pichincha: in forests on the western slopes of Mt. Coraz6n, alt. 2500 m, Jan. 1878, A. Sodiro s.n. se 7B); forests near Silanti on the western slopes of Mt. Corazén, alt. 2000-2300 m F.C. Lehmann poke (holotype of M. sphenopetala: 977, CL Luer area, alt. 1950 m, 31 Mar. 1984, C. Luer, S. Dal- strém, T. Héijer, J. Kuijt & A. Hirtz 9834 (MO). Bolivar: cloud forest west of G da, alt 3100 m, 26 Mar. 1984, C. Luer, S. niee m, T. Héijer, J. Kuijt & A. Hirtz 9739 (MO); prey forest Sic Chillanes, alt. 2300 m, 25 Mar. 1984, C. Luer, S. Dalstrém, T. Héijer, J. Kuijt & A. Hirtz 9704 (MO). This little species is endemic and rather frequent in the forests of west- central Ecuador. Always small, it is still variable in size vegetatively and florally. The raceme of little yellowish, broadly tubular flowers is crowded and more or less distichous at the apex of a slender peduncle. The tiny, translucent petals are tridentate at the apex. The distinctive lip is arcuate and conduplicate with erect margins below the broadly obtuse apex. Do ase aA ¥ _ Plate 580. Masdevallia corazonica ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM 1134 SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1135 Masdevallia dalstroemii Luer, Orchideer 5: sub 194, 1984. Etyv.: Named inh 7 Plant medium in size, epiphytic, sical it lend Ramic auls slender, 3-4.5 cm long, enclosed by 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erec rect, coriaceous, 9-13 cm long including the petiole as cm long, the blade elliptical, subacute, ns 2- 3.3 cm wide, narrowly cuneate polow ame = — iole. several ya siete suberect ea 69 cm ~ with a bract below the middle, from low on the sao “floral bract inflated, 3 mm long; pedicel 2 mm long; ovary 1.5 mm long, with lightly undulate wings; sepals dull = red and uepioe Sa dotted with red-purple, minutely pubescent seed and internally, the margin utel , the dorsal sepal ovate, concave, 12-13 mm long, 8 mm expanded, to the iste sepals for 3.5 mm to form a gaping, ee cup, the subacute a sees contracted into a yellow, clavate tail dotted with purple, 15 mm long, apex, Is ellip- tical, 12-13 mm long, 4.5 mm wide, connate 1.5 mm, th tracted into tail to that of the dorsal sepal; petals white, oblong, 3.5 mm long, 1.5 mm w ide, the truncate apex pron tri- dentate, the margins serrulate, the labellar half = a longitudinal carina; lip light tan with brown dots, oblong-subpandurate, 4 mm long, 2 mm wide, lightly constricted in the distal quarter with the apex rounded, convex, revolute, the truncate - hinged beneath; column white, semiterete, 4 mm long, the foot thick with a short, incurved extensio’ R: Bolivar: epiphytic in cloud forest — 7 sen alt. 2650 m, 25 eve 1984, C. Luer, Hoéijer, J. Kuijt, & A. Hirtz pes fed ear 0h, at the pass asi of Chillanes, alt. 2800 m, 11 Feb. 1990, S. Dalstrim & L. Arnby 1337 (MO). This handsome species is apparently endemic in west-central Ecuador where it has been found on only a few occasions since its discovery by Stig Dalstrém in 1984. It was first found in a humid, for- ested pass in the company of numerous other orchids. Several showy, diffusely purple-dotted flowers are borne simulta- neously in a loose raceme. It is distin- guished from other members of the subge- nus by the short pubescence on both the outer and inner surfaces of the sepals, and a narrow dorsal sepal with an erect, slender tail. Both margins of the petals are serrate below the tridentate apex. The apex of the lip is broadly rounded, convex and recurved beyond a slight constriction. ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM 1136 Plate 582. Masdevallia dalstroemii SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1137 a delphina Luer, Phytologia 39: 194, 1978. rom the Latin aa yeig _ delphos), ‘a dolphin or porpoise,’’ in allusion to the resem- ge ee of the flower to the head of a dolphin. Plant small, epiphytic, ascending-caespitose; ast slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 1-2.5 cm long, enclosed by 2-3 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, = 8 cm long including the petiole 1.5-3 cm long, 0. a 1.4cm wide, the blade narrowly cllipeeal. subac ly narrowed below into the — patie, Inflorescence an erect, se sae ah pans several- lowered with 1-2 bracts, from lo ramicaul; fl can thin, tubular, 3-4 mm long; sian Pista mm sais ovary 1-2 mm long, weet carinate; she lavender, suffused and dotted with purple, — eprateg te shortly sgnnemy within above the mucktle, the cet sepa oblong-obovate, cones e, 5-8.5 ong, 4 mm wide expanded, co nnate to pai ligh rice arcuate tube d ovoid, yellow to porplich tail 2-2.5 mm long, 1.5 mm wi ide, 1 mm thick, the lateral sepals connate 25.3.5 5 mm into an oblong, concave, bifid lamina 46m mm ing, * mm wide expanded, arin a mentum with the column-foot belo ow um, the obtuse I imilar to that of the dorsal sep 1; petals translucent white _— a few purple spots, oblong, 2.5 mm “ts 0.6 mm wide, the apex variabl he labellar margin with a thin, longitudinal callus; ha purple to white marked with purple, aiingaitaiae uriform, 2.5-3.5 mm long, 1.1-1.5 mm wide above Sumiwhig with a Pair of marginal, ¢ obtusel y angled 1 folds near the middle, the — suborbicular, with undul erect, rounded sides th; column red to peenish white suffused with purple, semiterete, 2-3 mm long, the foot 1 5-2 mm yaa with a short, incurved ex ECUADOR: Loja: western slopes of the Cordillera, Mindo Pi Puerto tke ito, alt. 1600 m, 13 Mar. 1982, . Luer, A. Hirtz & S. Dalstriém 7339 (SEL This little species occurs sciimcelatuns in forests of western and southwestern Ecuador. It is characterized by the loose, several-flowered raceme of little, tubular flowers constricted near the middle and more or less inflated on either side of the constriction. The tails are short, thick and terete, vaguely giving the impression of a e-nosed dolphin. Masdevallia delphina is related to the larger M. bulbophyllopsis with a cylindri- cal sepaline tube with similar but larger and thicker sepaline “‘tails.’’ The petals are tridentate at the apex. The epichile of the lip is undulate and rounded, broader than the hypochile ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM 1138 z é : ; i SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1139 Masdevallia di I I & Hirtz, Lindleyana 10: 117, 1995. Ety.: From the seals diorpheice. phar two kinds of hairs,”’ referring to the pubescence. Plant medium in size — lender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 1-2 cm long, enclosed by 2-3 thin tubular eaths. Leal ere “se coriaceous, petiolate, 8 cm long including the petiole 2 cm long, the blade lpia obtuse, 2.3 c the base cuneate into the petiole. Inflorescence an rect to suberect, loosely few-flowered raceme ae 3-4 flowers, 2 often mature simultaneously, 13cm on including the peduncle 10-11.5 cm long, with 1-2 bracts below the raceme, from low on the rami- caul; floral bract inflated, 5 mm n long; pedicel 3-4 mm long; ovary crested, 1.5 mm long, 2 mm broad; sepals red-purple diffusely short-pubescent within with scattered longer hairs, the dorsal sepal broadly ovate, concave, 101 mm long, 8 8 mm wide expanded, connate to the jnmirimet cont. tail ©. r 11 mm long, thickened in the distal third, the lateral Is obl g, oblique, ctr no. peace light yellow, more or or less ane. oblique, pce 4.5 mm long, 1. 8 mm wide, the apex t tridentate- ates with the middle tooth the largest, both margins denticulate above the middle, the labellar gin — a longinadinal carina, ending above the claw; lip dark purple, oblong- 1 rangers urate, 5 mm —— 2mm w obtuse, wicellions with the ‘ihabinn decurved, the hypochile oblong with the base truncate, shallowly cleft, hinged below; column light y eng , semiterete, 4 mm long, the foot 4 mm long, broadly concave at the tip with a short, incurved extensio: ECUADOR: Azuay: Chaucha, b Molleturo, alt. 2500-2700 m, collected Feb. 1993 by C. Luer illustr. 17275; between Sol alt. 2000 m, Feb. 1995, A. Hirtz 61 Plants of this species were found grow- ing with M. staaliana in a valley that recently has become accessible with a new road southwest of Cuenca. It is closely allied to M. staaliana, but it differs from the latter with a taller inflorescence, the peduncle being longer than the leaf. Th peduncle of M. staaliana is considerably shorter than the leaf. The sepals of M. dimorphotricha are deep purple, orange toward the base, glabrous externally, and with tails thickened in the distal half. Within, the sepals are covered by a dense, short pubescence from which emerge scattered, larger and longer hairs. The petals and lip of the two concepts do not differ significantly, except for the deep purple color of the lip of M. dimorphotricha. In cultivation the plants of each species flower simultaneously at different times of the year. ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM 1140 SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1141 Masdevallia grenine: oun grin 42: 460, 1979. Ety.: From the Latin g Cen to the — of the aia all t di i th ee Rami- cauls sie erect, 1.5-2.5 cm long, enclosed by 2-3 close, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect to suberect, coriac S, petio olate, 6-12 cm long including the pe tiole 2.5-5 cm long, the blade elliptical, obtuse, 1-2 m wi tiole. Inflorescence a congested, simultaneously several-flow ered raceme, up to 3 cm long with up to 8 flowers, borne by an erect, slender peduncle, 12- 23 cm long including the raceme, with 2-3 close but distant tubular bracts, from low on the ramicaul; floral bract thin, 2-3 mm long; pedicel 1.5-2 mm long; ovary green with purple dots, 1.5 mm long, without wings; sepals greenish to yellowish white with infrequent brownish dots, glabrous, the dorsal sepal oblong, concave, 10 mm long, 3.5 mm wide, connate to the lateral sepals for 7 mm to form an arcuate, sepaline tube, the triangular, free portion with minut 6 erose margins, the obtuse apex contract- 1 ho 1 1 .= ed into a slender, greenish tail S- 8 mm long, oft ple, the lat pal te, oblique, 9 mm long, 3 mm wide, t fold at h ded with the column-foot, th di ils si hat of the d ] sepal; petals trans- crime bibsiaia marked with purple, oblong-cuneate, 2. Ps mm long, 1 mm wide, the apex subtruncate- retu dentate, the labellar margin with a longitudinal carina, thicker toward the base; lip whit, marked with purple, rigidly arcuate, — a or | termin ded, the b dat d on the end; column cue pes 25 mm 2 A very similar species, M. xanthodactyla, occurs in southwestern Ecuador. It is distinguished from M. melanopus by longer pedicels, whitish or pale yellow sepals spotted with purple, and yellow tails and lip. From both of them, M. abbreviata is distinguished by longer, more slender tails. eee ib inged ben column green with purple dots, stout, semiterete, 3.5 mm long, with an equally long, stout column-foot. ADOR: Caiiar: above Molleturo, alt. ca. 2800 m, collected by A. Andreetta, cultivated Aug. 1990 at Paute, A. Hirtz 5037 (Holotype: MO), C. Luer illustr. yig/ het — ne alt. ca. 2000 m, collected b ated at Paute, Aug. 1989, by A. Hirtz tae pei yooh Chaucha, alt. 2200 m, Jan. 1994, A. Hirtz 6010 (MO). This species, apparently endemic in southwestern Ecuador, is closely related to M. tridens which is more widely distribut- ed and also occurring in southwestern Ecuador. Both species are characterized by several flowers borne simultaneously in a congested raceme, but the raceme of M. sertula is shorter and more congested with urved tails. The sepals are flesh-colored with minute, purple dots. The sepals of M. idens are usually yellow, with or without dots or spots. The dorsal sepal of M. sertula is deeply concave and decurved. The sepaline tails are thick instead of Slender, and more or less deflexed at their junction with the blades. The petals and lips of both species are similar in shape, but the lip of M. sertula is proportionately smaller. ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM 1172 Plate 601. Masdevallia sertula SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1173 Masdevallia staaliana Luer & Hirtz, Lindleyana 9: 111, 1994. Ety.: Named in honor of Dr. Gerardus Staal of Palo Alto, CA, who submitted this species for identi- fication di phytic, it der. Ramicauls slender, erect, 1-2 cm long, enclosed a 2-3 thin tebelie get i Leaf sesion Seriunaiang. petiolate, 7-11 cm long including the pe- tiole 2-3 cm long, the — —_— b , 2-2.8 cm wide, the base cuneate into the pe- ti to suberect, loosely few-flowered raceme of 3-5 simultaneous flowers, 8-13 cm long including the mle with 1-2 bracts below the eee = low on the ramicaul, floral bract inflated, 5 mn long; pedicel 3-4 mm long; ovary crested, 2 fused lhy cell) Saal sufi externally, diffusely short-pubescent within, the dorsal sepal ie clliptical concave, 11 mm var 8 sepals for 3.5 mm to form a shallow, sepaline cup, the apex sneer: contracted into a os yellow tail 101 mm long, the lateral sepals oblong, oblique, 11 mm co -5 mm wide, connate 1 apices contracted into yellow pat similar to that of the petals light yellow, more or imp re oblong, unguiculate, 4.5 mm long, 1.6 mm wide, the cana apex tridentate-apiculate, with the middle tooth the larges est, both ne denticulate-fimbriate above the middle, the labellar margin with a brown, oblong-pandurate, 5 mm long, 2 mm wide, with obtuse marginal folds above the middle, the —_ obovate, obtuse, tricallous, with the margins irregular and decurved, the hypochile oblong with the base truncate, shallowly cleft, hinged below, tricarinate beneath; column green, semiterete, 4.5 mm long, the foot 4 mm long with a short, incurved extension. ECUADOR: Azuay: Chaucha, between Cuenca and Molleturo, alt. 2500-2700 m, collected Feb. 1993 by A. Hirtz, cultivated by Gerardus Staal in Palo Alto, CA, 28 Aug. 1993, G. Staal 93288 (Holotype: MO), c. 4? illustr. 17035; same ete bauer Dec. 1993, by J & L Orchids 1293-438 (M Chaucha near Molleturo, alt. 2200 m, Sibi by A Hirtz, 1995, cultivated in Quito, A. Hine 6132 (MO). Among the numerous species of sub- genus Amanda, this pretty species is Immediately recognized by the pubescent, yellow flowers. Vegetatively, the species does not differ markedly from most of the others of the subgenus, except that the leaves are among the shortest and the widest. The few-flowered inflorescence barely exceeds the leaf in length. Usually four to five flowers open nearly simulta- neously. The flowers are of the same basic configuration seen in the majority of the species. Externally the sepals are diffusely minutely pubescent, and internally the ; ; . sepals are covered by a diffuse, dense, short pubescence. The tails are so oo than the blade. The petals are fimbriate on both borders and tridentate at the ape : with the middle tooth much larger. The lip is pandurate with an anterior —- (the epichile) obtuse with three longitudinal calli and with revolute margins. 1174 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM Plate 602. Masdevallia staaliana SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1175 Masdevallia aie emrene Luer, [acinar . 112, 1982. Ety.: From the Latin ten ” in allusion to aan Plan Sey to terrestrial, shortly repent slender. Rami- cauls slender, erect, 1-2 cm long, enclosed by 2-3 loose, i tubular gg ceous, 4-7.5 cm long including the 1.5-2.5 cm — petiole, the blade geseuts obovate, subacute to all obtuse, 1-1.3 cm wide, gradually narrowed below into the petiole. Inflorescence an erect, loosely 4- to 8-flowered, distichous raceme, 10-17 cm long including the slender peduncle 7-10 cm long, with a bract below the middle, from low on the ramicaul; floral bract inflated, oblique, 3-4 mm long; pedicel curved, 3-6 mm long; ovary green, dotted with purple, 2-3 mm ong with = papel WA acpels glabrous, yellow, often sparsely dotted " icular, deeply conca 5-6 mm long, 5-t 6 mm wide exp d d, te to the 1 Is f 33.5 mm to form a su bspherical cup, th b ted into a slender, more or less curved, brown tail 8-13 mm long, the lateral sepals oblong, oo i 5-6 mm long, 2. 5 mm wide, connate 2 mm, acute apices con into tails similar to that of the dorsal sepal; petals white le dots, oblong, slightly curved, 2.25 mm long, 0.5 mm w wide, the truncate apex x tridenticulate, with ¢ a thin, longitudinal carina —e it lower r margin ending i ina thick, rounded, basal tooth; lip yellow, oblong, 2.75 mm long, 1.25 mm distal third, superficially cleft central apex round- ed, ae the base subcordate, hinged beneath; column green - white, dotted with purple, semiterete, 2.5 mm long, the foot 2 mm long with a thick, incurved extensi ECUADOR: Bolivar: terrestrial on the road em- bankment west of Guaranda, alt. 2800 m, 10 Mar 1982, C. Luer & S. Dalstrém 7263 (Holotype: SEL): west of Guaranda toward Balzapamba, alt. 2000 m, a Aap 1984, C. a S. Dalstrém, T. Héijer, J. t & A. Hirtz 9734A (MO); west of Guaranda Mar. 1984, (MO); between Chillanes anid San José del Tambo, alt. 2500 m, 17 Feb. 1991, C. Dodson, N. Williams, M. Whitten, F L Stevenson & A. Embree 18704 i i 000 collected by B. Malo, cultivated at Tarqui, 16 Sept. 1980, C. Luer 5452 (SEL). This species is apparently endemic on the western slopes of the cordillera of central Ecuador. It is distinguished by the loose raceme of small, glabrous, yellow- ish, more or less tubular-globose, sepaline tubes constricted above the middle, and with slender, brown tails sometimes like tiny sins that curve inward after curving outward. The petals are narrowly oblong, wenn curved and tridenticulate. oe epichile of the lip is proportionately mall. 1176 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1177 Masdevallia tridens Rchb-f., Otia Bot. Hamburgensia 1: 13, 1879. Ety.: From the Latin tridens, “a trident, or any th,’’ referring to the three sepaline tails. Syn.: Masdevallia jubar Luer & Malo, Phytologia 42: 464, 1979. Ety.: From the | Latin Jubar, “sunbeams, splendor,” alluding to the yellow radiance produced by the medium to large, epi inhrytic, sh shortly the rhi less ascending; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, 2-3.5 cm long, enclosed . 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, oe. 8- “15 cm ' long pomieryd rds es 8 cm long Sea the blade elliptical, obtuse, 2.5-3.5 ¢ . Inflorescence a congested, simultaneously several- rat , more or less horizontal raceme, "2 30 cm long, borne ne an bse to suberect, slender nite 15- oS: cm long, with 3-4 short, evenly spaced, tubular bracts, from low on the ramicaul; floral bracts thin, oblique, acute, cucullate, 5 mm long, enclosing the pedicel and ovary; pedicel 2 mm long; ong, with tall, oe crests; sepals yellow-orange to ay aye 4 al cote often lightly mre with red, gl the minutel ly deeply concave, 9 mm long, 8 mm wid sepaline cup, ‘the rounded apex sateen so an orange, filiform tail ca. 2 cm pe the lateral i sepals elliptical, 9 mm long, 4.5 mm Ewe, connat below the irre th into tails simil to tht of nae peal greenish white, oblong, 4 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, the upper margin mi e, the apex tridentate, the ge tooth the longest, with a low, slender, longitudinal keel long the elabelar margin; lip red- brown, oblong-subpandurate, 5 mm long, 2 mm wide, shallowly sco centrally, the apex convex, obtuse to rounded, the base cordate, hinged beneath; column yellowish white, semiterete, 5 mm long, with a curved foot nearly equally long. ECUADOR: Pichincha: Nanegal near Quito, west- em declivity of Pichincha, 1868, W. Jameson s.n. (Lecto h esi (SEL); western slope of Mt. Pichincha, cultivated at Colomborquideas, 18 Mar. 1989, C. Luer 14214 (MO). Imbabura: Selva Alegre, alt. 2000 m, col- lected and cultivated in Quito, 14 Mar. 1991, by J. del Hierro s.n. (MO); Selva Alegre, alt. 2100 m, 28 MO). Co i 4 May 1968, G. Harling, G. Storm & B. Strim, 9072 (AMES, fag near Macuchi between Quevedo and alt. 1800 m, nati 1980, C.H. Dodson & A. ea 10140 (MO, SEL). COLOMBIA: Valle sr Cauca: collected near Cali, obtained from ‘Orquideas del Valle,’ cultivated in Wilmington, DE, Jan. 2003, by M. Rao 124 (MO). Of M. tridens, only a mutilated fragment of a flower and a pencil tracing of some of the vegetative parts of Jameson’s specimen at Kew is in — s herbarium at Vienna. Hence, the —— of this species with modern co! tions relies upon an ‘“‘educated gues Masdevallia tridens occurs seiacocty frequently on the western declivities — Andes of central Ecuador, but rarely in southern Colombia. The leaves are usually broad and long-petiolate. The raceme is short, distichous and congested with over- lapping, yellowish flowers, and often held more or less horizontally. The petals are more or less tridentate at the apex with the middle tooth an apiculum. The “ap a are minutely serrate with a longitudinal callus above the labellar margin. The lip is divided above the middle into a rounded, convex epichile. 1178 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1179 —— vittatula Luer & Escobar, Harvard Pap. Bot. 9: 9, 1996. Ety.: From the Latin vitratulus, “with little sii ”’ referring to the purple-striped sepals. it small for the subgenus, epiphytic lender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 1 cm long, enclosed by 2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, long-petiolate, 9-11 cm long including the petiole 5-6 cm lone, the blade elliptical, obtuse, 1 5- 2 cm wide, concee: belo’ ow into the orm Inflores- 15 cm long, with 2 distant bracts below the middle, from low on the ramicaul; floral bracts thin, inflated, enclosing the pedicel and ovary, ovate, 5 mm long, 4-5 mm price expanded; pedicel 1.5mm long: ovary purple, crested, 1.5 mm long; sepals white, ea with 2 thin, _— veins, glabrous, with the mar- gins erose, the dorsal sepal suborbicular, conc: €, 5-5 5 mm long, ca. 5mm wide comp expand- for 1 5 portion abruptly contracted into a yellow tail 12 mm long, the lateral sepals elliptical, 6 mm — tom mm wide, 3-veined, connate basally for 1 mm, the apices contracted into tails sim peri oe = that are ee dorsal sepal; petals transluce ae long, 1 mm wide, the apex with ein ‘apiculum, on a ee callus bene the lower margin ending in a low, rounded callus above the base; lip white, comics ve ae in 3 rows, oblong, “8 pandurate, ong, 1 mm wide, middle by prion mm long, with a short, thick, incurved extensi COLOMBIA: Narijfio: near Ricaurte, collected by J. Aguirre, flowered in cultivation by Francisco Villejas at Orquifollajes near — Colombia, 9 July 1996, C. Luer 17983 (Holotype: MO). archi: ein Tulcan and Maldona do, alt. 2080 m, July 1991, collected and cultivated by F L Stevenson 92-0612-1 (MO); at pass above eb. 19 Pichincha epiphytic in forest west of Quito, alt 2000 m, 1979, collected by cultivated in Cuenca, 18 Aug. 1978, C. Luer 3313 (S EL). This species has long been considered Synonymous with M. caloptera from northern Peru to which it is superficially Similar. The sepals of both species are white with two purple stripes on each sepal. Masdevallia vittatula occurs in southern Colombia and northern Ecuador. In his monograph of 1925, Kranzlin cites collections of M. caloptera from Peru and Colombia, the latter being this species not Tecognized at that time. Masdevallia vittatula is distinguished from M. caloptera by smaller flowers with a dorsal sepal that is not so proportionately pe proportionately longer sepaline tails; odlong, fringeless petals; and a smaller, mes deeply channeled i Plate 605A. Masdevallia vittatula ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM 1180 Plate 605. Masdevallia vittatula SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1181 Masdevalli dactyla Rchb.f., Gard. Chron. n.s. 8: Se oe 1877. Ety.: bigs ~ — toned. tow —_ ty — sepaline tails. Diant phytic as Ramicaul. s slender, erect, 1- 2.5 cm long, enclosed by 33 iebatar an Lick need coriaceous, 4-10 cm heise ig ncudig an indis- tinct petiole 1-3 cm long, the blade narrowly elliptical-oblong, subacute, I-15 cm wide, narrow wly cuneate below into the petiole. Inflorescence 10-17 cm long, including a loose, secund subsecund, simultane- -flowered raceme up to 10 cm long, with the peduncle slender, eect, with 1-2 distant bracts below the middle, from | tubular, 3-5 mm long; pedicels 4-8 mm ne: Overy fe Tam in long, with minimally undulate ribs; se sepals green ish white, pir with purple, concave, Ni Tam long, 3 3. 5-5 mm wi —! panded, connate tha 1 Ak +, - T thick, ‘lwo or orange tail 4-5 mm long, the lateral sepals ovate, oblique, 5-6. oa mm long, 2.5-3.5 mm wide, connate 3-4 to form a mentum below the column-foot, the free portions acute, continuous into thick, veliog tails 4-5 mm long; petals white, oblong, 3-3. 5 mm long, 1- rE 25 mm wide, the apex trun- cate, shallowly tridentate, with pex, the labellar half with a longitudinal callus; lip yellow or ‘white, oblong-ovate, Zz 5-5 mm long, 1.5-2 mm wide, with marginal folds above ihe middle from a pair of low, longitudinal calli on the disc, the apex oblong, obtuse, the base cordate, hinged below; column white, semiterete, 2-3 mm long, the foot 2 mm long with a short, incurved extension. PERU: Without locality, aeons by Sander, col- lected by B. Roez! s.n. (Hol ECUADOR: es without Sacaleey alt. 2300-2500 m, Sept. 1876, EC. Lehmann 7012 (AMES, - same Cuenca, 19 July 1977, C. Luer 1750 (SEL): ta Chinchas, alt. 2200 m, collected by A. Andreetta & M. Portilla, cultivated i in Cuenca, 6 Nov. 1979, C. Luer 4696 (SEL). Chimborazo: between Huigra and Alausi, collected by A. Andreetta & M. Portilla, cultivated at Paute, 16 May 1988, C. Luer 13393 This species is relatively frequent in the damp forested valleys of semi-arid southwestern Ecuador and adjacent north- ern Peru. It is characterized by a loose, secund raceme of arcuate, greenish white, more or less purple-spotted flowers borne by pedicels somewhat longer than the floral bracts. The sepaline tails are thick and yellow, and slightly shorter than the blades. The petals are denticulate and tridentate at the apex. The lip is white or yellow and shallowly channeled between longitudinal calli. Masdevallia xanthodactyla is similar to M. melanopus. In addition to much less pigmented flowers, it is most easily distin- guished from the latter by pedicels that are distinctly longer than the floral bracts. In Thesaurus Masdevalliarum, M. xantho- dactyla was treated as a synonym of M. melanopus. Before pointing out this dif- ference, Reichenbach also considered the two as belonging to the same species. Plate 606. Masdevallia xanthodactyla 1182 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM Plate 607. Masdevallia xanthodactyla galls tata i pres) ae mt Pann — ae ie ee ER EN AT, epee nN Te eae EN eee ei He eT ey ne ee SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1183 Masdevallia zygia Luer & Malo, Selbyana 5: 395, 1981. Ety.:From the Greek zygios, “yoked, or paired,” referring to the two-flowered inflorescence. Plant large, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls neni i stout, 2.5-3.5 cm long, enclosed by 2-3 loose, imbricating, tubular sheaths. erect, cori long-petiolate, 12-20 cm a long includ- ing the 6-8 cm long petiole, the blade elliptical, subacete, subplicate, a4 cm: wide, below into the petiolate base. Inflorescence a simultaneously fl ofte with an aborted third flower above, bore pi an erect, terete peduncle 18-24 cm ape with a bract ‘below the middle and another ai t the » 1.5. cm long, 1 cm wide, e 5 mm long; ovary 3-crested, 5 mm long; sepals se, suffu sed an spotted with cpihe an eae and oe t within, the dorsal sepal ovate, esse 17 mm , 13 mm wide, connate to teral sepals for 7 mm to form a cup, the obtuse apex pia ich contracted into a yellow tail 3. 5 cm long, the lateral vale ovate, 20 mm long, 8 mm wide, ‘onnate 8 white with sale pcb oblong, 6. 5 mm long, 2.3 mm wide, the apex sae Oideneane apiculate, the upper —— SNE 1 sarptate above the middle, the a margin with 2 longitudinal callus ending in a on cream, oblong- -ligulate, a. 5 mm long, 2. 5 ona 1 wide, the apex rounde . Tasenash aor } abov ve the middle marked with purple, semiterete, 5.5 mm long, with a short, thick foot. > REESE WHIT, ECUADOR: Zamora-Chinchipe: epiphytic in cloud forest between Loja and eaanes: alt. 2500 m, col- lected ca. 1975 with M. rosea Lindl. by B. Malo, cultivated at Tarqui, 8 May 1981, C. Luer 6093 (Holotype: SEL); same collection, cultivated at Colomborquideas, 10 Apr. 1988, €. ied er 13170 (MO). Pichincha: ve Tandapi, alt. m, col- lected by M. & F. Navarro, arse in nares A. Hirtz 5109 (MO). This, the largest flowered species of subgenus Amandae, and one of the rarest, has been recently discovered on the western slopes of the Andes of central Ecuador, which causes the locality of the plant originally described to be doubted. Except for M. amanda, none of the numerous other species of the section has been found on the southeastern slopes. Masdevallia zygia is easily recognized by the large habit and a few simultaneous, large, brown, distantly spaced flowers with crested ovaries. The sepals and petals do not vary far from the usual forms found in the section. 1184 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM Plate 608. Masdevallia zygia SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1185 MASDEVALLIA SUBGENUS CUCULLATIA The infrageneric subdivision Cucullatae was proposed in 1878 by Reichenbach in his description of M. corniculata. With the huge, inflated, cucullate, floral bract, he noted the affinity of M. corniculata to Lindley’s M. cucullata, based on an 1842 collection by Jean Linden, the first species attributable to the subgenus. The final four species that now constitute the subgenus of six Andean species have been added in the past few years. Masdevallia subgenus Cucullatia Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. : 000. Type: Masdevallia cucullata Lindl Ety.: From the Latin, cucullus, “‘a hood,” referring to the inflated floral bract. Sun - A, R y de hb.f., Gard. Chron. n.s., 9: 72, 1878. Syn.: Masdevallia subsect. Cucullatae (Rchb.f.) Veitch, Man. Orch. Pl. 5: 18, 1889. Plants large, robust, caespitose; roots coarse. Ramicauls erect, stout, shorter than the leaf, mostly concealed by 2-3 loose, imbricating sheaths, the infl ging | lly from near the middle. Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, elliptical to narrowly elliptical, subacute to obtuse, petiolate. Inflores- cence aso itary flower, bo by an erect, stou peduncle. round i ti . with a bract near or at the base; floral bract large, inflated, enclosing the pedicel, ovary and base of the sepaline tube; pedicel short, stout; ovary fleshy-carinate; sepals fleshy, variously colored, smooth to rugose within, acute to obtuse, variously connate into a cup or broad tube, with the apices contracted into tails; petals cartila- ginous, call | he labell i duci ll t the base, the apex various- usually 5 = on JF is P ly verrucose, twisted or channeled; lip thick, oblong, with ] folds tt chil | kh Lil eae ka - be i. By o a ss rt ctont t, ; caluoumn - } 1 ime stout, semiterete, the anther ventral, shortly hooded, the stigma ventral, the base of the column developed int, +, + 1 £ + sth +h f eh The subgenus Cucullatia is characterized by a robust habit and a solitary, rela- tively large, strong flower. The inflorescence emerges from the ramicaul a consid- erable distance above the base. The peduncle is round in cross section. A distinc- tive, large, inflated, foliaceous floral bract encloses an abbreviated pedicel, a thickly carinate ovary, and the basal portion of the flower. The sepals are rigidly fleshy. The apices of the cartilaginous petals are variously thickened, channeled, twisted, or verrucose. The lip is divided by marginal folds near the middle to create an epichile and a hypochile. 1186 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM BINOMIALS PUBLISHED IN MASDEVALLIA ATTRIBUTABLE TO SUBGENUS CUCULLATIA M. calyptrata Kraenzl. = M. corniculata M. cerastes Luer & Escobar Plate 609. M. corniculata Rchh f sh Plate 610. M. corniculata var. inflata (Rchb.f.) Veitch = M. corniculata M. cucullata Lindl. ....... Plate 611. M. delhierroi Luer & Hirtz Plate 612. M. eclyptrata Kraenzl. sphalma = M. corniculata M. hercules Luer & Andreetta Plate 613. M. inflata Rchb.f. = M. corniculata M. vidua Luer & Andreetta Plate 614. KEY TO THE SPECIES 1 Petals with the apex papillose-verrucose we 1” Petals with the apex channeled-verrucose............ 3 2 Sepals smooth within, unstriped; lip with the apex minutely verrucose ernneeeroueye amanda oe else ded aii .- M. cucullata 2’ Sepals rugose with multiple, fine lines; lip with the apex fringed......... M. hercules 3 Sepals coarsely Tugose-verrucose within..................... .M. cerastes 3’ Sepals more or less rugose, but not coarsely verrucose within - 4 Peduncle less than 8 cm MU ili te M. corniculata 4’ Peduncle more than 12 cm RN Raa aR ene a, 5 | AE TTI secssconsorccecennees stn Nehetnanan tneebicenenasiivson verses ces M. delhierroi 5’ Sepals deep purple, with the blade of the dorsal sepal ca. 27 mm long and con- TR ident so M. vidua SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1187 Masdevallia cerastes Luer & Escher, eee} 13: 51, 1978. Ety.: From the Latin cerastes, “a the appearance of the flower. Plant large, cpio epiphytic, caespitose; roots coarse. Ramicauls stout, channeled, ae 5-7 cm — pen — ¢, tubular sheath with 1-2 shorte: citar witaltas at the base. Leaf erect, thickly coria- cari a de ‘dorsal midrib, 13-25 cm long including the 2. - 10 cm long petiole, the blade lip, pein 3-4.2 cm wide, cu Inflorescence a large, soli- ae deep purple flower say e by a stout peduncle 4-4, oe ry mr subtended by a basal bract, from high n the ramicaul; floral bract inflated, oblique, obtuse m long, ca. 2 cm wide expanded, enclosing pedicel sues | ovary; pedicel stout, - mm long, 4 mm os. ae white, spotted with purple, 7 mm long; fe - ‘wile ; : cal, c concav e, 27 mm lon ong, 20 mm wide expanded, te to the | 1 sepals f 12-13 mm to form a tabchbeet sepaline | the obt ded slender, asc pia slender tail 20 mm 1 long; lateral pal more or less ovate, concave basally, 30 mm long, 10 mm w sath oot flexed, with di subacu apices contracted into oe ages 171 mun a hogs petals cardaginows, x white, marked sips purple brown, Ae tg 7mm long, 2. wide, obtusel n, the apex truncate, convo- lute, swintod t the base with a ‘anil obtuse, retrorse tooth; lip yellow, spotted with purple-brown, oblong- subpandurate, arcuate, 7 mm long, 3 mm wide, with acute mar. inal folds near the middle, the ralogrs ovate, obtuse, verrucose, denticulate, the hypochile thick, lightly Lipstick hinged end; column white, stout, semiterete, 6 mm lon ong, the foot thick, 3 mm long, with an snip nt COLOMBIA: Putumayo: Valle del Sibundoy, alt. 600 m, Aug. 1977, collected by J. Sieg Serna, cultivated by Janet see . Be \ } ds, Easton, CT, 4 Mar. 1978, C. Lu 85 (Holotype: JAUM; ss a SEL); Valle del sandy, EI Salodo, ca. cultivated in vied bh ‘19: 80, P. Ortiz V9 982 ( (COL): same collec cultivated at Colomborquideas, 18 Mar. 1 1989, °C Luer 14231 (MO). This strange species is apparently endemic in the valley of Sibundoy in southern Colombia. Similar to sympatric M. corniculata, from which it is indistin- guishable vegetatively, it is characterized by a large, coriaceous leaf, a short pedun- cle and a large, inflated floral bract that engulfs the base of the flower. The large, dark purple flowers are distinctive with conspicuous, thickly wrinkled veins on the inner s Sepals that are inflated toward the base. The obtuse apices are contracted into short, slender tails. The channeled apices of the petals are similar to those of M. corniculata. 1188 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM Plate 609. Masdevallia cerastes | | SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1189 Masdevallia corniculata Rchb.f., Gard. Chron. n.s., 9: 72, 1878. Ety.: From the Latin corniculatus, “with a small horn,” referring to the twisted, verrucose horn at the apex of the petal. Syn.: Masdevallia inflata Rchb.f., Gard. Chron. n.s., 16: 716, 1881. Ety.: From the Latin inflatus, “inflated,” Syn.: Masdevallia corniculata var. inflata (Rchb. t ) Veitch, Man. Orchid. Pl. 5: 37, 1889. Syn.: Masdevallia calyptrata pogeeey Gard. Chron. ser. 3, 18: 377, 1895, as eclyptrata, et Notizbl Konig]. Bot. Gart. Berlin 1: 83, 1 .: From the Latin calyptratus, Ease a caplike covering,”’ referring to the floral bract. mediu ze bi ashe it Ramicauls stout, erect, 3-6 cm long, enclosed by 2-3 loose, t ubular ths. Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, petiolate, 10-15 cm long scion ing the L grgext 3-5 cm long, the blade e elliptical, obtuse, 2. 5-3.3 cm wide, cuneate below into the anneled cia y ne acs t, erect peduncle 3.5-8 cm long, with a ror bract, th 1; floral 1 m long, 2 cm wide ex enclosing the pedicel, ovary, and lower portion of the Sepals; pedi! 2 H ba Tong, Mes to4mm oe ovary 7-10 mm m long, with low , undula gS; sep p ‘0 yellow or orange, with or t slabrous, the dorsal sepal obl “ts 27am mm ome ee, mm wide, — to the lateral sepals for 14-18 1 broad sepaline tu tube, t angular, the obtuse apex contracted into a slender tail 2-5 cm long, the lateral sepals with low, aerate rugae within, ovate, oblique, 16- 25 mm long, connate 20 mm to ware a shallow mentum, 25-30 mm wide -3.5 cm long; petals cartilaginous, llo ow, more or less ovate-oblong, 7.5 mm long, 3 mm wide, carinate ae the ‘apex narrowly , bot obtuse, longitudinally channeled and tw twisted, hh aes ngitt y callous, the labellar margin end t the base; lip ye low, eg or ten purple dots, ob- long-subpandurate, 6-7 mm long, 3 mm wide, with oblique eden folds near the middle, the epichile oblong, rounded, , verrucose, the ago daca gs with elevated margins, — on the end: column white, with or e, 6 mm long, th ng, with a stout, extension. COLOMBIA: Without collection data, cultivated in York, England, 1878, by Mr. Backhouse s.n. (Holo- type: W); without collection data, cultivated by Mr. oe . n. (holotype of M. inflata: Ww); without i wi trata pees at B). Santander: west of Vel, 4 2150 m, 5 May 1984, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Escobar & E. Valencia 10116 (MO). Boyacs forest near aysalieg buco, cultivated at J & L Orchids, Easton, CT, 9 Nov. 1977, C. Luer 2135 (SEL); same oe alt. a m, 25 Apr. 1982, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Escobar & D. Portillo 7573 (SEL); between Arcabuco and Moniquiré, collected by E. Valencia, cultivated at Colomborqui- deas, 17 Apr. 1988, C. Luer 13217 ooings ECUADOR: Sucumbios: La Bonita, alt. 2000 m, Dec. 1991, A. Hirtz 5672 (MO); aecten La Bonita and Rosa Florida, alt. 2000 m, 14 Mar. 1996, S. rae ri al. 2138 (MO). Morona-Santiago: Cordi y hoes alt. 1800 on Oct. 1983, col- oan tes pg hes ta & M. Portilla, cultivated at Paute, 16 Mar. 1984, = Luer 9532 orks i Om in forest west of San Juan Bosco, alt. 1600 m, 4 Apr. 1988, W. Teague s.n. (MO). Reichenbach described M. corniculata from a cultivated plant from the collec- tion of Mr. Backhouse of York, England. It was known to have been collected by both Carder and Shuttleworth in Colombia. It occurs in all three cordilleras of Colombia and on the eastern slopes of the Andes of Ecuador. Masdevallia corniculata is recognized by the large, inflated floral bract that engulfs the pedicel, ovary, and the basal part of the flower. The flower is borne on a pedicel considerably shorter than the leaves. The color of the sepals of plants from Ecuador is purple, but yellow, orange, and purple-spotted forms are known from Colombia. The inner surface of the lateral sepals is rugose-verrucose. The horn-like apex of the petals is channeled, twisted, and verrucose. 1190 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM Plate 610. Masdevallia corniculata SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1191 Masdevallia cucullata Lindl., a Lind. 4, 1846. Ety.: From the Latin cucullatus, “ hooded,” in reference to the large floral bract. Plant large, robust, epiphytic to terrestrial, Caespitose; roots coarse. Ramicauls stout, erect, 6-12 cm long, enclosed by — inte, tabelay: sheaths. Leaf coriaceous, erect, petiolate, 10-20 cm long including the petiole 4-6 cm lo te to obtuse, 2.5-3.8 cm wide, the base cuneate into the channeled petiole. ‘Inflorescence z a solitary flower borne by an erect, stout peduncle 15-20 cm long, with a tubular bract below the middle, from high or near the middle of the ramicaul; floral bract broadly cucullate, 3 cm long, Re yee the pedicel, ovary, and much of the abaxial Ss connate cm, 2 cm wide exp d; pedicel stout, 3-4 mm long, 3-4 mm wide; ovary 7-10 mm long, with 3 un- dulate ribs; schie, oe red- seers: arate or less yellowish toward the base, glabrous, the veins promi- nee cextemally, the dorsal sepal elli al, 27 mm long, 4 neers wide, , connate to the lateral Sepals for 14 sepaline ee il 5 cm long, gradi i the apex, the lateral sepals ovate, oblique, 35 mm aa 18 mm wide, connate ‘17 mm to form d bove the mentu: m with the column- foo a. 4.5 cm long; petals cartilaginous, ota suffused with purple at the apex, elliptical, 7 mm es 2, 5; mm wide, narrowed toward the trun- yn verrucose sae , the lower margin with a longitudinal callus; lip deep purple, oblong, 6.5 mm long, i lique marginal folds near the middle, the epichile oblong, lose, the disc ih channeled, eo base subcordate with elevated margins, hinged below; column suffused with out, semiterete, 5 mm long, the foot thick, 3 mm long, with a short, incurved ex! COLOMBIA: Cundinamarca: epiphytic in a forest near Fusagasuga, alt. 7,200 ft., Dec. 184 Linden 869 (Holotype: K; Isotypes: BR, Ww); neath; sP 7 San Miguel near Fusagasuga, alt. 2700-2800 m, 16 Feb. 1941, J. Renz 3571 (BAS); Sayan ve: alt. 1800 m, Dec. 1939, J. Renz 359] (BAS); northeast of Bogoté, alt. 2800 m, 27 si i 941, J. Renz 4172 2200-2500 m, Dec. 4891, o ae alt. 2500 m, 2 Dec. 195 , M. Ospina H. 86 (AMES), Lehmann 5028 (AMES, K, LE); Alto de las Cruces, collected by R. Escobar, A. Mejfa et al., cultivated by M. & O. Robledo at La Ceja, 21 Sept. 1977, R. Escobar s.n. (JAUM); Caldas, Alto de San Miguel, Morro Gil, alt. 2450 m, 23 Nov. 1974, Rodrigo Escobar et al. s.n. (AUM); Medellin, TV Station of Santa Helena, alt. 2700 m, 1966, M. Ospina 296 (JAUM); Cerro Padre Amaya, alt. 2300 m, collected by M. & O. Robledo et al., cultivated at La Ceja, 29 July 1972, R. Escobar 545 (JAUM). Cauca: San Antonio, “San José,” alt. 2400-2700 m, 1 July 1922, FW. Pennell 7592 (AMES); east of Moscopan, alt. 2400-2500 m, 2 Feb. 1947, J. Cuatrecasas 23646 (AMES, COL, F). Tolima: Rio Cabrera, alt. 2300 m, 9 Jan. 1883, F.C. Lehmann 2365 (G); Tambo, between Uribe and Quebraditas, La Gallera, alt. 2200 m, collected by R. Escobar, cultivated at Colomborqufdeas, 8 Nov. 1980, R. Escobar s.n. n. (JAUM). Putu- mayo: Valle del Sibundoy, alt. 2100-2200 m, collected by O. Ospina, cultivated in Sibundoy, 4 Mar. 1979, R. Escobar s.n. (JAUM). ECUADOR: Carchi: terrestrial on the road embankment above Maldonado, alt. 2000 m, 25 Aug. 1978, C. Luer, J. Luer & A. Hirtz 3413 (SEL) t alt. 2300 m, 17 Mar. 1991, C. Luer, J. Luer, J. del Hierro, A. & X. Hirtz 1514] (MO). Imbabura: Los Cedros Reserva, alt. 2100 m, Feb. 1993, S. Dalstrém 1938 (MO). Pichincha: Valley of Lloa, W. Jameson s.n. (K, W); terrestrial on the road embankment near Chiriboge, alt. 1600 m, 26 July 1967, Cc. H. Dodson, N.H. Williams & R. Adams 3822 (MO, SEL). Morona fC collected by A. Andreetta, cultivated in Cuenca, 26 Oct. 1982, C. Luer 8199 (SEL). This large species is frequent in Colombia, becoming less frequent in Ecuador. It was first collected in the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia by the Belgian Jean Linden in 1842. The solitary flower is produced from a peduncle arising near or above the middle of the ramicaul. A large, inflated floral bract encloses the pedicel, ovary, and the bases of the sepals. The flowers are usually dark purple, but yellow flowers are not rare. The tails of the sepals are the longest of the subgenus. The tips of the petals are simply verrucose. ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM 1192 eta FPP Oy ee fee oe nt EY apt Perab ae Terese eS Cn Fei poreremties wore ah ta AB oo = G Ww Plate 611. Masdevallia cucullata ee ic oie hans ASTI a, eee a SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1193 rn | delhierroi Luer & Airtz, benno te 8: 42, 1993. , Ecuador, discoverer of this species. Plant large, epiphytic, ar coarse. Ramicauls stout, erect, 5-8 cm long, enclosed by 2- 3 loose, tubular sheat erect, coriaceous, garners 15-20 cm long including a petiole 2-3 cm long, the blade narrowly ae ece subacute, nn m wide, narrowly cuneate below into the petiole. gle y peti —— cm long, with a bract near the from - ear th floral bract inflated, broadly ovate, concave, 15-20 mm long, 15-18 mm w bree oanuce the pedicel, ovary and lower site of the flower; pedicel stout, 3 mm long; ovary see 5 mm long; clear yellow, glabrous, smooth within, with the margins sehr erose, the al sepal obovate, 9 mm long, 17mm wide, ‘connate to the lateral sepals | for 12 mm to form a gaping, 3.5 cm siti the lateral sepals ovate, obtuse, oblique, 22 mm long, connate 18 mm int 32 mm g; petals orange, ovate, 7 mm long, 3 mm aa ri apex acute, thickened, verrucose, channeled, the labellar margin broadly dilated; lip yellow, eine thick, oblong, er 3 mm wide, the oblique marginal folds near the middle, the cal half obtuse t 0 rounded, min tely verrucose, the disc longitudinally channeled, the base subcordate, » Semiterete, 4.5 mm long, the foot stout, 3 mm long with a short, in- 7 curved extension. ECUADOR: Pastaza: epiphytic in forest of iggy Hirtz, J. del Hierro, S. Dalstrém, ap era et ‘al. 4718 (Holotype: MO), C. Luer illustr. 14718. This large, yellow-flowered species from a remote area of east-central Ecuador is closely related to both M. corniculata and M. vidua. From them it is distin- guished by the consistently pure yellow flowers with sepals that are smooth wi All three species are characterized by channeled, verrucose, and twisted apices of the petals. From M. corniculata this species is distinguished by the larger flowers with less deeply connate sepals that are smooth internally, and borne by much longer peduncles. Yellow forms of M. cornicula- ta are known to occur within populations with darkly colored flowers. From M. vidua this species is distinguished by the smaller, gaping flower with a proportion- ately shorter, inflated, sepaline tube. 1194 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM Plate 612. Masdevallia delhierroi eS ee, ee ee SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1195 ase th sano shoe Luer & Andreetta, Lindleyana = 198, 1988. Ety.: D = a —) Plant v = large for the genus, ~~ caespitose; roots coarse. Ramicauls stout, erect, 8-22 SG long, enclosed by 2-3 long, inflated, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, elliptical, 15-28 cm long including the petiole 3- 6 cm long, 3-6. ad cm wide, the base cuneate into the ssasaiiad petiole. I by rect pedunc — 10-13 cm jong, with a | bract at the base, from above the middle of th i floral t nflated, cucullat ovary and the base of the flower, 2-2.5 cm long, 3-3.5 cm ‘elders expanded sd) vesicle “an long, 5 mm wide, with a filamen' t 4 mm long; ovary 10 mm long, with pairs of low, undulating ribs ; Sepals rigid, fleshy, yellow, heavily suffused , with multiple purple veins below the renin the dorsal | sepal yellow, obovate, 421 mm long, 21 mm wide, connate to the lateral 1 sepaline tube oa yellow tail 4 cm long, the lateral sepals ovate, gages 351 mm ad connate to each ‘other for 23 mm to per a broad, pie a ose lamina 50 mm wide expa ong; petals w laginous, oblon bt angled on the pave margin, 7 mm rie 3. 5 mm | wide, ‘the apex prowhands shortly ppillose- denial: lip yellow, spotted with brown, thick, subpandurate, 8 mm tons, 4 mm wide, with den marginal folds above the middle, the epichile i, fimbriate, minutely ru aes trucose, the hypochile Vibtte Serge at the base, hinged beneath; emo hacen Tigh ye LN with dark purple margins, rete, 8 mm long, the foot thick, 5 mm long, with ECUADOR: Moro: ma-Santiago: Valle del Paute, alt. 2200 m, collected by A. Andreetta, M. Portilla & L. Morocho, cultivated at Paute, 17 Apr. 1988, C. Luer f 13256 (Holotype: MO). 4 COLOMB MBIA. Huila: Valley of Rfo Cedro, southeas ’ ) of Pitalito, alt. 1300 m, Jan. 1943, R.E. Schultes & iM. "4 Sesrc Sekincset ‘521 9 (AMES). This gigantic species has perhaps the largest vegetative parts of any species of se ra the genus, but the flowers are not as large ~_ as those of the Colombian M. elephanti- Pe. NY ceps, M. macrura, or M. pachysepala. The ae ue wo i first known collection of M. hercules was ‘lat ae ‘a made by Richard E. Schultes in southeast- oy - ern Colombia in 1943, but the specimen Js lay unidentified at AMES. The species was discovered in eastern Ecuador nearly tus A a half century later. aaa The nga’ thickly rigid flower, thinly 5 inc: striped in dark purple and rugose within, is > engulfed at the base by a foliaceous bract & similar to that of related species. The erect A lip with a fimbriate epichile can be seen within the deep but gaping sepaline cup. The tips of the petals are narrowed and papillose. The yellow sepaline tails are about as long as the blades. ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM 1196 MEST Plate 613. Masdevallia hercules ee ae SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1197 Masdevallia vidua Luer & Andreetta, a 3: 207, 1988. Ety.: From the Latin vidua, “a widow,’ Z noperring 0 the dark, hooded flower. The “widow” i isa ~SMIMINUIG WHEIC they are encountered relatively frequently. t large ae caespitose; roots coarse. Ramicauls stout, erect, 3-5 cm long, enclosed by 2- 3 inflated, rabaiae sheaths. Leaf erect, a coriaceous, elliptical-oblong, obtuse, 1 1- 18 cm long includi “ the petiole me cm long, 2-3.5 cm cence a single ‘flower borne by a si tout, eet peduncle 10-19 em Jong, with a bract at the base, hous nner the middle of ovary, and the base of the flower, 2 cm long, 2 cm wide expanded; pees L 5 mm gh 3 mm n wide, with a filament 2 mm long; vias a 7-10 mm long, with 3 pairs of low crests; sepals rigid, fleshy, subcarinate, deep purple, gia roms, the ve ins prominent w: within, the paar: /Sepal oblong, 27 mm 1 long, 16 mm wide, connate to the aline tube contracted into a dark purple tail 3.5 cm long. the lateral sepals ovate, oblique, 35 mm long, « connate to cach other for 27 mm to form a broad lamina 31 mm wide expand k purple tails 2.5 cm long; petals white, spotted with purple, paca lena oblong, oblique, obtusely tate on the upper margin, 7.5 mm long, 3 mm wide, the apex orange, oblique, acute, curved upward, hanneled, minutely verrucose; lip brown n, Pg with darker brown, eck subpandurate, 6 mm long, 3 mm wide , with gir b obtuse, minutely Bares denticu- late, the h et a L r) ‘sk te 4 : colum: stout, rose, suffused with dark al ‘semiterete, 4 mm long, the foot thick, 3 mm ag with an ea extension. tu- itiago: Cordill cu, alt. 1800 m, collected by A. Andreetta & M. Isotype: sg Ce Cc dillera del Cutucd, alt. 1400 1 m, ¢ ted by A a } Andreetta & M. Portilla, Oct. 1983, pares at 4 jr Paute, 16 Mar. 1984, C. Luer 9532 (MO). Tee Vegetatively, this coarse species is 4 considerably larger than, but similar to two FE ne other species of the subgenus: M. cornicu- ‘ a Ae lata and M. delhierroi. Masdevallia vidua ee * was discovered by Padre Angel Andreetta re 3 1 and Mario Portilla in the Cordillera de org Cutucu in eastern Ecuador, where it is aa la apparently endemic. The species is most similar to M. delhierroi, differing in larger, deep purple ce rr or purple-black flowers with a longer ae ell sepaline tube. In addition to these : features, it also differs from M. cornicula- ) ta by a much longer peduncle. The twist- & ed, channeled apices of the petals are & similar in all three species. : 1198 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM Plate 614. Masdevallia vidua SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1199 MASDEVALLIA SUBGENUS FISSIA Reichenbach originally indicated Fissae as an unranked, infrageneric category for Masdevallia falcago, M. picturata, and M. uncifera, referring to the deeply cleft, or shallowly connate sepals of three species with otherwise very different charac- ters. Being not closely related, either to M. picturata or to each other, Masdevallia falcago and M. uncifera are treated in subgenus Masdevallia. Masdevallia subgenus Fissia Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 77: 10, 2000. Type: ee picturata Rchb.f. Mas From the Latin fissus, “cleft,” referring to the essentially free sepals. .: Masdevallia sect. Fissae Rchb.f., Otia Bot. labetaaia 16, 1878. + ll Sb + 1 " i _Ramicauls erect, ees abbreviated, with 2-3 loose, imbri the infl ing ly fr base. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly obovate, subacute to obtuse, petiola te. Inflorescence a solitary wet er, borne by an erect, dues ne eacte round in cross section, with a rst near or at the base; floral ‘weil inflated, enclosing the pedicel and ovary ary with markedly tortuous ss aetna: sepals mem- branous, colorful, glabr Tous, fe fom uch te or bar oat a hea at to obtuse, caudate or ecaudat tal g g p h 1 tridentate; lip oblong, w ith marginal folds that divide th ip i pichile and hypochil, the eae: : d h ion from the column-foot; column miterete, the anther ventral, shortly hooded, the stigma ventral, the base of the col devel salen" foot with the apex of the ovary. Based on M. picturata, the subgenus Fissia is characterized vegetatively by a small and densely caespitose habit with narrowly linear or narrowly obovate leaves. The peduncles are slender, terete, and single-flowered. The ovaries are deeply tortuous-undulate. The sepals are essentially free from each other. Although long- caudate in M. picturata, the sepals are tailless in the other two species of the subge- nus. The petals are callous on the labellar margin with the apex sharply tridentate. The lip is oblong and obtuse, with marginal folds near the middle that divide the lip into an epichile and a hypochile. The criteria of a single-flowered inflorescence, free sepals, and a divided lip are not accommodated in another subgenus of Masdevallia. In addition, the tortuous- lamellate ovary is distinctive. 1200 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM BINOMIALS IN MASDEVALLIA ATTRIBUTED TO SUBGENUS FISSIA M. cryptocopis Rchb.f. ex Kraenzl. = M. picturata M. meleagris Lindl. sensu Rchb.f. = M. picturata M. mutica Luer & Escobar Plate 615. M. ocanensis Kraenzl. = M. picturata M. picturata Rchb.f. Plate 616. M. picturata Rchb.f. var. minor Cogn. = M. picturata M. picturata Rchb.f. subsp. minor (Cogn.) Luer = M. picturata........ Plates 617, 618. M. pl thalloides [_uer Plate 619. KEY TO THE SPECIES 1 Sepals with tails M. picturata jy ial Pp J “1 9 2 Floral bract tubular, shorter than the pedicel; lateral sepals acute.................sesese0++ M. pleurothalloides 2’ Floral bract inflated, longer than the pedicel; lateral sepals obtuse Pee meres eseserernseeeaee cae cede ues pice uidailegiia : { ate Pt si SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1201 vallia mutica Luer & Escobar, Orquideologia 13: 88, 1978. Ety: From the Latin muticus, “with a point, tailless,” in allusion to the very abbreviated or absent tails. it small, — — roots sl by 2 thin, tubular shea including a petiole aces cm ee 0 ee 9 cm wide, petiole. Inflo i ender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 1-1.5 cm long, enclosed ect, coriaceous, narrowly obovate, acute to subacute, 4-8 cm long narrowed below into the slender, blackish gradually er, borne by a slender, erect peduncle 5-10 cm long, with a is n the eae floral bract i inflated, ¢ 8 mm long, enclosing the Pedice: low ovary; ez 1.5-6 mm pesca ovary mm long, with light yellow-green with purple spots, wi sepal o rh acute to subacute, 1014 oa mm long, 5-6 wee wide, 3-vei ned, free from the lateral regs the cbong, oblique, subacute to obtuse, 12-15 mm i wide, 3-veined, connate | mm pte the base; bectrsin Sepia oblong, 5-5.5 mm long, 2-2.5 x sharply ident, the labellar argin obtuse proc id ai ana nd blade of we ene lip yellow, suffused and mo! with red, thick, oblong-subpan- durate, igs “8 mm foe 3 mm wide, the sides with a callus, the disc sulcate between longitudinal calli that emai ue forward to the apex, the base subcor- date with the lobes } concave, hinged 1 ben eath; column green, suffi , semi- terete, 5 mm ei the foot 2-3 mm long, with a short, incurved extens: COLOMBIA: Without collection data, flowered in cultivation by M. & O. Robled: Robledo at La Cea, 16 Oct. sem Cc. Bees 2051 (clonotype: S . Risaralda: José del Palmar, to de Los Caliags, alt. 2000 n m, collected by E. Valencia, Sept. 1990, cultivated at Colo lomborquideas, 5 May 1993, C. Luer 16717 (MO). Valle del Cauca: El Cairo, Cerro de sca a de los Paraguas, alt. 2260-2300 m, 3 Jan. 1 Silverstone-Sopkin et al. 2923 (CUVC, MOL €. sll oe 19315. Masdevallia mutica is uncommon in the Western Cordillera of Colombia. Although allied to M. picturata, this spe- cies is most closely allied to the tailless Panamanian M. pleurothalloides from lower altitudes. The two species are separated only by several minor features. The leaves and pedicels of M. mutica are twice longer; the floral bract is inflated and encircling a much shorter, abbreviated pedicel and ovary; the sepals are longer and twice as broad, with the apices of the laterals being obtuse instead of acute; and the lip is thick with cavities in the basal lobes of the lip. Slik Wille to snlcebesinclilly Gee mineiens CURIOS webaelan er dence > Y ee : Li : CALS . es 4 Plate 615A. Masdevallia mutica emer ne ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM 1202 Pe = * oH Plate 615. Masdevallia mutica 1 i : 7 | a oe SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1203 —— pe eevee Rchb. f., sae: Bot. oe i ee Sv Ety.: F —_ ratus, * referring to is Lindl. sensu Rchb.f. eb part Soren a 08 Lind Ety.: From the Latin meleagris, “a peacock,”’in allusion to the colorful fl Syn.: Masdevallia arte Rchb.f. var. minor Cogn., Fl. Bras. oy a 1896. Ety.: From the Latin “lesser,” referring to the smaller hab Syn.: Masdevattia ocanensis Kraenzl. Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Vee 18: 429, 1921. Ety.: Named for the community of was collected. Syn.: Niguatiiatiie: cryptocopis Rchb.f. ex Kraenzl., pRees, Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 34: 128, 1925. Syn.: M Wi. Ety.: From the Greek cryptocopis, “‘a hidden kitchen knife,” referring to the petals. Syn.: Rodrigoa cryptocopis (Kraenzl.) Braas, Die Orchidee 30: 220, 1979. Syn.: Masdevallia picturata subsp. minor (Cogn.) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 16: 12, 1986 mall to medium in size, epiphytic to terrestrial, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, blackish, erect, 2-20 mm teks patent by 2-3 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erec rect, coriaceous, 2-7 Som long —_— a agen 1- 2 cm long, 0. 3-1. 1 cm wi l obtuse “Inflo a 3 a solitary color. ful reo produc: a slender, erect peduncle 3-10 cm ak with a bract near the base, from the ramicaul; fore oe 6-10 mm long; pedicel 4-6 mm long; ovary 2-4 mm lon ong, w: with 6 irregular, et tortuous, undulating peneline ; Sepals white, sometimes faintly ioe with yellow or green, irr potted ith pari. he te, green or purple tails 2-7 cm eng the margins o' o— rae , especially d . fi ovate, 8-12 mm long, aaa mm wi Is brigh d the bases, oblong, oblique, 8- mm long, 3.5-5 mm wide, connate 1-3 mm 0 form a a short n mentum; petals white to greenish or yellowish white, sometimes suffused with orange, elliptical, 5-7 mm long, 1.5-2 mm wide, the apex tridentate with an obtuse, flattened callus extending from above the base to near the middle; lip yellow, flecked or suffused with brown or purple, ovate to subpandurate, 5-9 be ote 1 54 mm w de, with obtuse ‘marginal folds near the middle, the apical half ted, obovate, aoa sulcate — the , semi- ~f h pa SNe eae base terete, 4-6 mm ae the foot 1.5-2 mm long with a short, incurved extension. ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM 1204 5 mm 5 cm Plate 616. Masdevallia picturata SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1205 VENEZUELA: near Caracas, alt. 6,000 ft., July 1850, Wagener s.n. ned gony ath Oa ao se Tovar, 1854-1857, A. Fendler 1363 (AMES, BR, G, K, MO); Caracas, H. Karsten s.n (W). Bolé Ptari-tepui, alt. 1800 m ov. 1944, JA. Sinsaeres 59812 (AMES, VEN); Ilu-tepui, rs 2550 m, 2 20 Mar. 1952, B. Maguire pie (AMES, NY); Auyén-tepui, alt. 1660 m, 12 May 1964, J Steyermark eae # (AMES, NY). ‘gr ira: between F undacién egitim alt. 1700 m, 15 see 1951, J. Renz li 2 Sept. 1951, J. and 7315 (BAS). feces A: Mt. chat ste Mt. Roraima Expediti on, oe he "1884-1885, G.S. Jenman & E.F. im Thurn 279 (BM, K); Mt. Roraima, alt. 3,500 ft., 1898, FV. McConnell & J.J. Quelch 904 (K). point RICA: Alajuela: Viento etre alt. 1600-1 ae be be 1926, P.C. oat & R. Torres : abo alt. 5,250-5,500 ft. s 503 (W); A. alientes, pie ach m, 5 Jan. 1882. F.C. pyc ne 1076 (BR); La Peel 9 Jan. 1923, C.H. Lankester i (AMES); hills south of Cartago, June 1923, C.H. Lankester 473 (AMES). Heredia: V: ai m, Apr. 1938, A.F. Skutch 3758 (AMES); Cerro de Las Lajas, north of San Isidro, - pong bees Mar. 1925, P.C. Standley & J. Valerio 51481, 51498, 51552 (AMES): Cerro de las viene neg re Isidro, alt. 2000-2400 m, 11 Mar. ety P.-C. Standley & J. Valerio 52354 ( ); ¥ northeast of San Isidro, alt. 2000 m , 22 Feb. 1926, P.C. Standley & J. Valerio 49070, pias ah se above Tablén, alt. 1930 m, 21 July 1983, R. Escobar, L.D. Gomez & R. Alfaro 3042 (CR, ve San Cristébal Norte, alt. 1780 m, 26 Mar. 1995, C. Luer, J. Luer, J. Atwood & Dora Mora 48034, 48061 (AMES); La Carpintera, alt. 1700 m, 28 Mar. 1984, M.W. Chase 84401 (CR); Tabiazo, alt. ee - = 1978, C. Todzia 192 (CR). hiriqui: Cerro Hornito, north of Gualaca, alt. 2238 m, 26 July 1975, S. Mori & A. Bolten Sate pat Cerro Hornito, alt. 1700 m, 15 Dec. 1976, C. Luer, A. Luer, R. Dressler, N. Williams 1365 (SEL). COLOMBIA: Norte de Santander: Ocajia, Bruchmiiller s.n. (holotype of M. ocanensis: W); Perico, alt. 6,000 ft., Jan. 1878, rpg 602 (holotype of M. cryptocopis: W); near Agua che la Virgin, west of Ocafia, alt. 1650 m, C. Luer, R. Escobar & D. Portillo 7698 (AMES, MO, a : between Santa Barbara shih Guskce. wai 2k8b ta. 14 May 1982, C. Luer & R. Escobar 7868 (SEL); Alto de Santa = alt. 2250 m, 13 May 1984, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Escobar & E. Valencia 10334 (MO); west of Velez, ard Landazuri, alt. 2500 m, 4 May 1984, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Escobar & E. Valencia 10102 (MO). eats between Duitama and cies alt. 2300 m, 1 June 1982, C. Luer, R. peeping D. Portillo 8048 (AMES, SEL). Cundinamar adita, between San Miguel and Fusagasuga, alt. 1900 m, 8 June 1941, J. Renz 3582 (BAS); ah ie si Miguel, alt. 2800 m, 10 Aug. 1941, J. Renz 3573 (BAS); Monte do near Quetame, alt. 1700 m, 16 Dec. 1950, M. Schneider 427 (S). i collection data, Patin s.n. (W); without collection data, G. Schmidtchen s.n. (W); Rio Negro, La Ceja, alt. 1700- 2200 m, F.C. Lehmann 7024 (AMES, K, LE); El Retiro, Hda. Normandia, alt. 2500 m, 2 Mar. 1956, M. Ospina H. 68 (AMES, COL); Quirama, Rfo Negro, i 2100 m, 13 July 1973, R.E. Schultes $n. (AMES); Cocorné, Quebrada El Biadal, alt. 1830 m, 20 Nov. 1983, A. Juncosa 1362 (MO); Rio Cocorné, alt. 1900 m, 2 May 1984, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. cna E. Valencia 10085 (MOQ); above Miraflores dam, alt. 2050 m, 15 May 1985, C. Luer, R. Escobar & E. Valencia 11367 (MO); TV antenna, east of Santo Domingo, alt. 2170 m, 12 May 1985, C. Luer, R. Escobar & E. Valencia 11347 (MO); Urrao, Parqué Nacional Natural ‘Las Orquideas,” confluencia de los rfos Polo y Calles, alt. 1380 m, 26 Mar. 1988, A. pie J.G. Ramirez & O. ‘Alvares 2616 (JAUM, MO); Caramanta, Vereda Barroblanco, - m, 14 Oct. 1988, J. Betancur, F.J. Roldén & I. Castafio 982 (JAUM, MO); Caldas, La Finca La Zarza, alt. 2440 m, 24 May 1985, L. Albert de Escobar & J.R. Giraldo 5269 (JAUM, MO), Tamesis, Rio Frio, alt. 2100 m, 9 Nov. 1989, R. Fonnegra we 3225 (JAUM, MO); La Ceja, copper mine above La Ceja, alt. 2400 m, 16 Apr. 1988, C. Luer, J. Luer & R. Escobar 13191 (MO); Yarumal, road to El Cedro, alt. 1850 m, 15 Mar. 1989, C. Luer, J. Luer, S. Dalstrém & W. Teague 14169 (MO); between Concordia and Betulia, alt. 2100 m, 29 May 1995, C. Luer, J. Luer & R. Escobar 17627 (MO). : above Sta. Rosa de Cabal, alt. 2080 m, 19 Nov. 198s, He ead & A. DeWilde 2029 (COL, SEL). Caldas: between Manizales and Termales del Ruiz, alt. 2500 m, 4 Apr. 1956, J. Renz 8574 (BAS). Tolima: Rio Cabrera, ee 2000 m, 10 Jan. 1883, F ry ‘Lehmann 2344 (BR, G). Valle del Cauca: Tocotd, Rio de Salado, alt. 1600-1800 m, 10 Mar. 1883, EC. Lehmann 2732 (holotype of var. minor. BM; isolectotypes: BR, ar El Tambo, alt. 2000 m, 3 May 1883, FC. Lehmann 2787 (G); west of Cali, = ee m, 21 Apr. 1885, EC. Lehmann 4309 (G); highlands of Popay4n, alt. 1600-1800 m, Oct. 1901, F.C. Lehmann 7011, B.T. 178, 179 (AMES, K, W); El Tambo, alt. 1700 m, 21 Nov. 1934, K. “ Sacks 122 (AMES, S); Morro Pelado, wt 2270-2320 m, 17 Oct. 1944, J. yin 181 if ). Narifio: Ricaurte, La Planada, alt. m, 28 Nov. 1976, Olga de Benevidas 732 (MO, PSO). ECUADOR: Carchi: epiphytic i in cloud tie between Tulcén and Maldonado, alt. "980 m,2 Ap 1984, C. Luer, S. Dalstrim & T. Héijer 9916 (MO) a n 17 Mar. 1991, C. Luer, J. Luer, J. del Hierro, A. & X. Hirtz ay "(MO). Pichincha: Rio Topo, “ ~ m, May 1984, A. Hirtz 1752 (MO). Morona-Santiago: Tumbes, alt. 1800-1900 m, Mar. a : strém 1941 (MO); Cordillera del Condor, east of Chochunbleva alt. 1750 m, C. Luer, A irtz, W. Flores, A. Andreetia & W. Teague 13574 (MO). Zamora-Chinchipe: “Loja,” A. Hiibsch (W), epiphy- ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM = t a os oS +e a Bi x os Plate 617. Masdevallia Picturata (subsp. minor) SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1207 W. Flores 10829 (MO); Nudo de Sabanilla, between Yangana and Valladolid, alt. 2800-2900 m, 5 Apr. 1985, G. Harling & L. Andersson 23714 (GB). seas Junin: Huassahuasi, alt. 3000 m, collected rice J. Meza, flowered in cultivation i be Munich, any, 15 May 1980, by W. Kéniger s.n. (SEL). H : Diez m, M. Arias Wee (SEL, USM). Pasco: Oxapampa, between Villarica and Cacazu, alt. 1200 m, 24 Apr. "1991, D. eng 5058 (M (MO). IA: La Paz: Sud Yungas, Rio Unduavi, alt. 2450 m, 6 Feb. 1980, C. Luer, J. Luer & R. Vasquez pte (SEL). Cochabamba: Chapare, road to Tablas, alt. 1800 m, Feb. 1980, C. Luer, J. Luer & R. Vasquez 5219 (SEL). This little species is greatly variable in size in its wide distribution through Central America and the Andes of South America. It is one of the most common and widely distributed species of the genus. Although abundant in some areas, it is uncommon in others. The variations are too inconstant and too numerous to name. The type at W (Vienna) is a watercolor painting of the large variation usually seen at higher altitudes. Smaller variations grow abundantly either epiphytically or ter- restrially, often on the clay embankments of road cuts, and either in full sun or full shade. The species is characterized by the caespitose habit with a distinctive flower with essentially free, white, purple-spotted, long-tailed sepals that form an orange mentum with the column-foot. The smaller, less colorful, longer-tailed variations often found at lower altitudes have been segregated into subspecies minor. The larger, more colorful variations with proportionately shorter tails included in the typical species are often found in cold, wet forests at higher altitudes. The ovary is covered by tortuous, undulating carinae. The petals are sharply tridentate at the apex. The shallowly sulcate md is divided into an epichile and hypochile by obtuse marginal folds near the mi ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1209 Masdevallia A ecdekesmmea ya Luer, Selbyana 3: 218, 1976. sii Named for th fi bl f the fl fl f tk Pleurothallis. J small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 5-7 mm long, enclosed by 2 ai tubular sheaths. Leaf e erect, co riaceous, narrowly obovate, subacute, 15-35 cm long —— an indistinct petiole, 4-8 mm wide, grad solitary flower, borne by a slender, erect peduncle 3 cm long, with a bract above the base, from low on e aboapanet floral bract tubular, 3 mm long; aoa 4mm au bse! 1 5 mm Jong, with eens sepals eRe ae yer — or pale oran tted with micro- hte ciliate es narrowly o vate, acute, 9 5 mm long, 3.5 mm wide, 3-vein serail free trom the lateral wane a the lateral sepals with thickened, bright orange patches toward the base, ol oblique, acute, 9.25 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, 3- barely connate at i base; petals white, oblong unguiculate, o mm long, Imm wide, the apex sharply tridentate, the labellar until it disappears near ae ae lip bright orange with red flecks bel ; narrowly oblong- subpandurate, 6 ide, the sides with oblique folds above th igh ly A é, £12 she AS a) sulcate between the marginal folds, the base subcordate, hinged beneath; column green, slender, se semi- terete, 4 mm long, the foot 2 mm long, with a short, incurved extension. PANAMA: Panamié: epiphytic in cloud forest on Cerro Jefe, alt. 1000 m, 12 Nov. 1967, R.L. Dressler i ered in cultivation 25 Nov. C. Luer, J. Luer & P. Taylor 1281 (SEL); same area, near antenna, alt. 900 m, 30 Dec. 1987 herson 11925 (MO); same area, E. Olmos, 23 Nov. 2001, cultivated in Wilmington, DE by M. Rao 12] (MO). This species is closely related to the common and variable M. picturata. The tailless sepals, the most obvious differen- tiating feature, are essentially free from each other. The acutely tridentate petals and the lip with marginal folds are very similar to those of M. Picturata. Masdevallia pleurothalloides is appar- ently endemic in the wet forested hills east of Panama City. Superficially, it appears very similar to sympatric species of Pleur- othallis such as P. brighamii S.Watson or P. fulgens Rchb.f. It is most closely allied to the Colombian M. mutica, but it is best distinguished from the latter by the acute, instead of obtuse, apices of the later- al sepals, and a slender, tubular floral bract that encloses the pedicel, instead of inflated and enclosing the pedicel and the ovary. 1210 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM Plate 619. Masdevallia pleurothalloides SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1211 MASDEVALLIA suBGENUS MELEAGRIS The first species attributable to this subgenus was described by Professor Lin- dley in 1845 as M. meleagris from a Colombian collection by Hartweg. The only other species from the nineteenth century, M. heteroptera and M. fasciata, were added by Reichenbach in 1875 and 1881 respectively. Both were collected presum- ably near Medellin, but, as with most early collections, localities are vague. These two species are similar and closely allied; they were treated as one species in Thesaurus Masdevalliarum. The remaining seven species were added in the twen- tieth century. The ten species known today constitute a well-defined taxon treated as a subge- nus of Masdevallia. All the species grow epiphytically in wet forests at high or relatively high altitudes in the Andes of Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia. Braas proposed the genus Rodrigoa for them in 1979, but all the species meet criti- cal criteria for the genus Masdevallia including the most specific: callous petals and a lip hinged to a free extension of the column-foot. SUBGENUS MELEAGRIS Masdevallia subgen. Meleagris Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 16: 51, 1986. Type: Masdevallia meleagris Lindl., Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 1, 15: 257, 1845. Ety.: From the Latin, or the Greek meleagris, ‘‘a guinea-fowl, or a peacock,”’ referring to the color- fully banded flowers. Syn.: Rodrigoa Braas, Die Orchidee 30: 203, 1979. Ety.: N dinh f Rodrigo Escobar R. of Medellin, Colombia, who sent specimens to Braas. , £. UF LUI) Plants very small to large, weak to robust, pit to shortl y g-repent; to many, slender to coarse or fleshy. Ramicauls ascending to erect, rarely descending, slender to stout, shorter than the leaf, partially or completely enclosed by 2-3 imbricating sheaths, the infl , rging laterally from near the base or near the middle. Leaf erect in relation to the ramicaul, thinly to thickly coriaceous, elliptical to narrowly elliptical or obovate to narrowly obovate, the apex acute, obtuse to ounded, shallowly notched at the apex, the b t dly to narrowly t i pet Inflores- cence a solitary flower, or ssively few-fl d l gested, longer or shorter than the leaf, the peduncle slender to stout, short or long, round in cross section, shaggy-scabrous in one spe- cies, with 1-3 bracts; floral t hin; pedicel slender to stout, longer or shorter than the floral bract; oth, carinate to verrucose, trivalvate with the ribs smooth to carinate; membranous to thickly fleshy, variously colored, smooth to verrucose or pubescent within, broad to narrow, acute to obtuse, variously fe ee pleut cup or tube, usually with the apices contracted into tails that are rarely subclavate; petals thin to cartilaginous, usually longitudinally callous, with or without Producing a p tooth on the labellar half or margin, at or above the base; to thick, simple, oblong, ovate to obovate, the apex acute, obtuse to rounded, sm to verrucose, with or without a callus, entire or denticulate, the disc smooth or with a pair of longitudinal calli, the base truncate to cordate, hinged on the end ‘as b th; col iterete, the anther ventral, more or less hooded, the ap margins of the column entire to lightly toothed, the rostellum retrorse, the pollinia 2, the stigma ventral, the base of the column developed into a column-foot with the apex of the ovary, with an in- curved t zs: *, oa aes ge. © ov hadl y Vail The subgenus Meleagris is characterized by relatively thin, coriaceous leaves with the petiole distinctly conduplicate. The slender peduncle, round in CTOSS SeC- tion, commonly ascends in the groove. A few, successive flowers are borne in a lax 1212 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM petals are variously callous along the labellar Margin, and the lip is delicately hinged beneath by a thin strap to the extension of the column-foot. * * * The status of M. bathyschista is not clear. It appears to belong to M. subgenus Meleagris, but the true identity of the species will never be known. The type- specimen, a collection by the mysterious collector Madero, was destroyed at Berlin- and 1925, Kranzlin gave M. fasciata still three more names, comparing two of the tyr. o% ahs ee ete te Dany rie see tats ba, mre eee eke ee oS ar py + whge Sees a~ + bs ieee . Sawer 2. Me™ Ty Mas ~ Bee cee rs ere ete sore BOS Sepals Petal and lip (greatly enlarged) Fig. 1. Copy of the drawing of the floral . s Schlechter published parts of Masdevallia bathyschista by SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1213 BINOMIALS IN MASDEVALLIA ATTRIBUTED TO SUBGENUS MELEAGRIS M. alexandri Luer Plate 620. M. anisomorpha Garay. Plates 621, 622. M. bathyschista Schltr. = M. fasciata? M. diversifolia Kraenzl. = M. parvula M. fasciata Rchb.f. Plate 623. M. fissa Kraenzl. = M. heteroptera M. heteroptera Rchb.f. Plate 624 M. hortensis Luer & Escobar Plate 625. M. meleagris Lindl. Plate 626. M. milagroi Luer & Hirtz Plate 627. M. palmensis Kraenzl. = M. fasciata M. pantomima Luer & Hirtz Plate 628. M. parvula Schltr. Plates 629, 630. M. planadensis Luer & Escobar Plate 631. M. restrepioidea Kraenzl. = M. fasciata M. segurae Luer & Escobar Plate 632 M. trinemoides Kraenzl. = M. fasciata M. ximenae Luer & Hirtz Plate 633 e. ee eth Pee ee ee a eT eh ne i > cadet 1214 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM KEY TO THE SPECIES 1 Sepals with tails about as long as or shorter than the blade 2 1’ Sepals with tails longer than the blade 8 2 Blade of the dorsal sepal 18-20 mm long, blades of the lateral sepals 15-16 mm 3 ong 2’ Blade of the dorsal sepal 7-11 mm long, blades of the lateral sepals 8-12 mm long 4 3 Dorsal sepal with small spots, lateral sepals coarsely pubescent; lip 10 mm long.... M. heteroptera 3’ Dorsal sepal with large spots, lateral sepals minutely pubescent; lip 6 mm long..... M. pantomima 4 Dorsal sepal with the tail thickened-subclavate M. milagroi 4’ Dorsal sepal with the tail not subclavate 5 5 Dorsal sepal with the apex broadly obtuse with the margin thickened.................+.+ tees M. anisomorpha 5’ Dorsal sepal with the apex subacute, without the margin thickened.................000+ 6 6 Lateral sepals sparsely pubescent with long, capitate hai M. segurae 6° Lateral sepals microscopically densely pubescent 7 7 Sepals spotted; petals obtuse; lip broadest at the base M. parvula 7’ Sepals unspotted; petals acute; lip with the apex broadly recurved, as wide as the DRE scrncersinies ieee M. planadensis J Petals with the apex acute, decurved; lip widest at the apex M. meleagris 8’ Petals with the apex acute to obtuse, not decurved; lip not widest at the apex.......9 | crttssttenseteennees Hettssasenarssnneisevnteoeesnvedagsctbrshccuhat a) M. ximenae 9” Sepals with multiple, small bars or dots, with tails more than 20 mm long......... 10 10 Dorsal sepal concave, enclosing the petals and lip, with the tails of the sepals not acutely reflexed .......... M. i SEEACO RAR. SUSIE alexandri 10° Dorsal sepal shallowly concave, with the petals and lip exposed, wi i ve, ex th the tails of the sepals reflened 0 : = 11 11 Dorsal sepal with a callus at the base of the dorsal sepal; petals bidentate.............. | irrrrtreeeeeeannecnnees esesniteesminy tn eee M. hortensis 11° Dorsal sepal without a callus at the base of the dorsal sepal; petals acute............... Hoe ee ewer esewees. edhe ees OCC O RSC o ee eseessonsee. ig . Cote ere sew arene weer SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1215 Masdevallia alexandri Luer, Phytologia 46: 347, 1980. Ety.: Named in honor of Alexander C. Hirtz of of Quito. to, Ecuador, co-discoverer of this species. Plant small, ee caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, ca. enclosed by 2-3 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf suberect, thinly coriaceous, petiolate, {Sm long including he 15-3 cm long petiole, the blade elliptical, acute, 1. 5-2 cm wide, the b petiole. y few-fl , borne b y a slender, tp cle 8-9 cm long, with a bract 1 near the middle, embraced bel . I li low ont tubular imbricating, 5-6 mm long; gino 7mm long: 0 ovary fetes mm eee sepals light greenish brown with multiple, minute bars of dark brown, glabrous, the dorsal sepal su su yeaa concave, 7 mm long, 6.5 mm wide, connate to the lateral sepals for 1 mm to forma gaping, a up, ti b ‘| tracted at th i lender. erect. brown tail ca. 25 mm long, the lat ] Is li ,9mm mm wide t te to th lumn-foot to fo d then deflexed, the obtuse apices contracted into tails similar to that of the d 1; petals yellow-green, suffused and marked with brown, chiong-multangulr 4 mm long, 2mm wide, , the dilated, obtuse apex shortly saan late, the lower half w lip t nbpen awe, arcuate, 4 mm long, : 2.25 ide expand the apex rounded, the disc with a ‘a Least i Pee thin inged kK oh +L *} eh apex of the column-foot; a yellow, pba with purple-brown, semiterete, 3.5 mm reg with an equally long, curved column-f y a t, 1. } t A th h ahnvate_ahl, i long, ECUADOR: Pichincha: epiphytic in cloud forest above Mindo, alt. 2200 m, 20 Oct. 1979, A. Hirtz & A. Andreetta s.n. (Holotype: SEL), C. Luer illustr. A27TA l * flaw as Its ti Andreetta at Paute, 24 May 1988, C. Luer 13642 (MO); above Mindo, alt. 2000 m, 6 Dec. 1984, A. Hirtz 2151 (MO); road to Mindo, alt. 1500 m, Aug. 1990, A. Hirtz, X. Hirtz & J. del Hierro 4922 (MO). This species is locally frequent where it is apparently restricted to a small area of cloud forest on the western declivity of central Ecuador. It is related to the widely distributed M. parvula, but M. alexandri is distinguished from it and the other members of the subgenus by the brown, glabrous sepals with long, slender tails. The rounded dorsal sepal is marked with minute, transverse bars of dark brown On a greenish background. The tail is produced abruptly and it is held erect. The free parts of the lateral sepals fold down- ward beyond the small, sepaline cup, in which the petals, column and lip stand together erect. mag are ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM 1216 Plate 620. Masdevallia alexandri ie % ie 3 4 B 4 SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1217 Masdevallia Pape ane set Garay, I Pt 5: 79, 1970. Ety.: From the Greek anisomorphe, “of a diff of the plbiaas Plant Si piphytic st enclosed by 2-3 loose, tubular s sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, oma n long, the & blade elliptical-obovate, subacute to obtuse, 1 ”* possi bly referring to the unusual shapes , erect, 1-2.5 cm long, . Ramicauls slender, Pats cm a including the petiole 1-3.5 into the petiole. up tm long. bore by a slender es aah 6-12 cm long, with a tubular bract below the middle, fro 5-6 mm long; pedicel 6-11 mm long; ovary 3 mm long. bracts imbricating, , undulate-winged; tone ed; sepals = ied to —_ oar and 80-0 with ae — pubescent, ee dorsal ie ovate, 8-9 mm long, 5 de, free from — se flexed, terete tail, 7-10 mm long, the yay sepals oblong, eee minutely verrucose-pubescent, into a stout, more or less re- ovate, oblique obtuse, 8-12 mm long, 3 mm wide, connate ra for about 1 mm foot, th the apices contracted into stout, terete, aioe tails 6-10 oblong, 5 mm long, 2 mm wide, the apex subtruncate, shall d with purple, wrote the labe owly with a longitudinal ies lip yellow, dotted with red-brown, thick, ovate-trilobed, 4 mm long, 3.5 mm wide, the apex narrowly roun the lateral angles or lobes obtuse, incurved, the disc: with a low, RI SE inged beneath; column light yellow- -green, sage © with — semiterete, 4 mm long, the foot 4 mm long with a thick, incurved aed COLOMBIA: Antioquia: near Medellin, G. Escobar R. 446 (Holotype: AMES); same collection, flowered in cultivation by M. & O Pease at ang Ceja, 13 Oct. 1977, C. Luer 2015 (SEL): Y: i aT ae yl in cloud forest, Ratén Pelado, collected by RE bar, Nee 1981, C. Luer 6735 (SEL); same area, alt. 2650 m, | May 1984, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Escobar & E. o Labores, alt. encia, flowered in culti- vation at Colomborquideas, 10 Apr. 1988, C. Luer 13152 (MO). This species occurs locally in cool, wet, scrub forests higher than 2500 meters above sea level in the northern part of the Central Cordillera of Colombia. It was first discovered by the late Gilberto Escobar of Medellin, a well-known author- ity on the orchids of Colombia. Masdeval- lia heteroptera grows intermixed with this species. A photograph of M. anisomorpha is misidentified as M. heteroptera in Die Orchidee 30: 218, 1979. The apex of the dorsal sepal is the most distinguishing character of this species. The greenish blade, variously with dark purple, is constricted just below the expanded, truncate a apex. From the center of the transverse, blackened, puberulent-verrucose apex the stout tail emerges. The dorsal sepal is essentially free from the lateral sepals, and they are free from each other beyond the mentum made with the column-foot. a, J Fi ~ ° Ee / or yu Plate 621. Masdevallia anisomorpha 1218 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM Plate 622. Masdevallia anisomorpha SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1219 Masdevallia fasciata Rchb.f., Gard. Chron. 15(1): 202, 1881. Ety.: From the Latin fasciatus, “transverse ersely striped,”’ referring to the colored ?Syn.: Masdevallia bathyschista Schitr., Repert. Spec. Nov. sae Veg. Beih. 7: 76, pole Ety.: From the Greek bathyschistos, “deeply divided,” referrin Syn.: Masdevallia trinemoides Kraenzl. » Repert. Spec. Nov. Regn Veg. 17: 418, 1921. Ety.: Named for Kranzlin’ Syn.: Masdevallia resrepunaea Kraenzl., Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 8: 134, 1922. Ety.: Named for Kranzlin’s Restrepia HBK Syn.: Masdevallia palmensis Kraenzl., Bull. Misc. Inform. 100, 1925, Ety.: Named for La Palma above Envigad Medellin where the species was collected. Syn dD _J, ig fe > /Deahk £\ D . Die Orchidee 30- 218, 1979. Plant small t dium i tic pit lender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 1-1.5 cm long, enclosed by 2-3 loose, nbcles 7 . Leaf erect, coriaceous, 6-10.5 cm atin including the petiole 1-2 cm long, the blade narrowly bahia re vate, subacute to sail 2.3 cm wide, narrowly cuneate below into the — A eect sbpetoate base. I ea ure ppt sh flowered raceme up erect, slender peduncle 8- aya cm ong above the base, from low on the rama floral bracts inflated, #10 mm long; pedicel 5 mm sa ovary 3-4 mm | tl glabrous, ovate, subearinat, ae mm um long, u mm wide, = from the lateral sepals, forming a gaping, sepaline cup, th rplish tail 3-3.5 cm long; lateral sepals deep purple, narrowly oblong with the yeni revolute, microscopically Leniote 8 = mm long, 5 mm wide expanded, essentially fi ‘0 slender tails 3-3.5 cm long; petals ih yellow-green, marked with rise elliptical, 8 men ne 3.5 hea m wide, the apex acute, obscurely angled, the labellar ar margin with a w, longitudi the engine’ base; lip yellowish, ith dark bl b te, obtuse, 10 mm long, 5.5 mm wide, the disc re channeled, the base ‘subcordate, ied on the end; column green, spotted with purple, semiterete, 6 mm long, the foot 5 mm long, with a short, incurved extension C IA: Antioquia: without pirens flowered in cation by Sander & Co., G. Schmidtchen s.n. (Holotype: W); “Medellin,” G. Scomeidiches S.n. bly gh sag at “a around La Palma above Envigado, alt. 2 Medellin, alt. 2000 m, 20 —- 1884, EC Le oor 4132 (G); El Retiro, Hda alt. 2500 m, ee, 1956, M. _ Ospina- Hernandez 6s, 72, i " & O. Robledo at La Ceja, 3 Oct. 1977, C. pli 1897 (SEL). “Cauca,” without locality, Madero s.n. (type of M. bathyschista lost at B). This species, superficially similar to M. heteroptera, is endemic in the moun- tains south and west of Medellin in the Central Cordillera and Western Cordillera of Colombia. It was described by Reichenbach from a collection by Schmidtchen from ‘‘Medellin.”” What appear to be dry flowers of this species are mixed with those of M. heteroptera that were sent to Reichenbach by Patin. A collection by Madero, most probably of this species and described by Schlechter as M. bathyschista, was lost in the destruction of the herbarium at Dahlem. Masdevallia fasciata is distinguished by the loose, successively flowered raceme of relatively large flowers with nearly free sepals. The dorsal sepal is deli- cately marked with fine, purple, transverse bands and the slender tail is considerably longer than the blade. The purple, microscopically pubescent, lateral sepals are narrowly oblong with revolute sides and with similarly long tails. The lip is sub- urate, erect and exposed in the natural position. 1220 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM a ase i >” og AO" ve \ Nees a Plate 623. Masdevallia fasciata SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1221 re ee heteroptera Rchb.f., Gard. sence a 590, 1875. m the Greek heteropteron, “having wings 0: erent shapes,”’ referring to the difference Syn.: Maséevali fissa acetal. Repert. Spec. Nov oe Veg. = 429, 1921. Ety.: From the Latin fissus, “cleft,” referring to ateral sepals. Syn.: Rodri. (Rchb.f.) Braas, Die Orchidee 30: 218, 1979. 6 r Plant small to medium in size, epiphytic, densely caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 1-3 cm long, enclosed by 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, 4-9 cm cm long includ- ing the petiole 1-2.5 cm long, the blade narrowly elliptical, subacute to obtuse, 1-2 cm wide, narrowly cuneate into the slender petiole. cm long, bore by an erect, cs peduncle 6-8 cm ~ with a bract above e the base, from low on the ramicaul; floral bracts tubular, 6-9 mm long; pedicel 5-1 era oes — 2-3 mm long, thickly ribbed; sepals minutely cit the dorsal sepal light yellow, sptied with — — ovate, pene aay 20 mm long, 12 mm w line cup, subacute to obtuse, eit into a dark purple tail 10-12 mm tong, th the lateral = deep purple, oblong: with the sides revolute, densely pubescent, 15 mm ong, tially free tail s 10-12 mm long; petal Tight yellow, purple -brown, elliptical, 7 mam long, 43 man wide ‘the apex obtuse, the labe dilat- ed, with a low, longitudinal ca b me ieee red, minutely pubescent, ovate, arcaamte, obtuse, 101 am m long, ¢ 6 mm wide, the disc segs channeled, the base broadly subcordate, hi terete, 9 mm long, the foot curved, 5 mm long, with a short, incurved extension. COLOMBIA: Antioquia: without locality, flowered in cultivation in 1875 by the ap J.B. Norman s.n. (Lec 5.n. (W); “‘Medellin,” G. Schonidichen s.n. (holotype [ of M. fissa: W); El Retiro, Hda. Normandia, alt. 2500 ° } : . Os, Ht. 72, arumal, Ratén Pelado, alt. ape m, 1 May 1984, C. e bar cia ] 5328 (MO): Jeedies Quebrada infuentes, alt. a 530 m, collected by F. ere ma in cultiva- Bios, OS { tion at Colomborquideas, 9 May 1985, C. Luer 11310 Hs 5 (MO). Chocé: at the pass son Matai Urrao and Z ee H Carmen de eens alt. 2680 m, 31 May 1995, C. v4 /i Luer, J. Luer, L. Posada & R. Escobar 17678 (MO). wi oad This species is endemic in the moun- re tains around Medellin in the central and c western cordilleras of Colombia. It was — described by Reichenbach from a plant of uncertain origin (possibly from Patin in Medellin) that was cultivated by the Rev. J.B. Norman, Whitchurch Rectory, Edg- ware, London. Reichenbach had previously received a few, similar, dry flowers from Patin, which he assumed were of the same species. Both specimens are now mounted on the same sheet at W, but Reichenbach had not designated either as the holotype. The flower from the Rev. Norman is designated as the lectotype because it is the flower from which the description was made, and it is able to be identified Positively with a recent collection. The flowers from Patin are probably a mixture of M. heteroptera and what Reichenbach later described as M. fasciata. ay Masdevallia heteroptera is distinguished by the loose, successively flowe. raceme of relatively large flowers with nearly free sepals. The dorsal oe se ted with purple and the tail is a little shorter than the blade. The purple, one lateral sepals are oblong with revolute sides and with similarly short tails. The lip is Ovate, erect and exposed in the natural position. 1222 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM 54.4 Ras * ~~, 8, SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1223 Masdevallia hortensis Luer & Escobar, Orquideologia 16: 154, 1984. Ety.: From the Latin hortensis, hag ci to the garden,” in reference to the locality near the town of Jardin, where the species vered, medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls — erect, 1-1.5 cm long, enclosed by 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erec t, thinly coriaceous, 6-8.5 cm long including the petiole 2-3 cm long, the blade mantle obovate-elliptical, subacute, 0.9-1. 3 cm wide! » narrowly cuneate below into the petiole. orescence a congested, y by a slender, erect peduncle 6-9 cm long, with a bract below the middle, from | h 1; fl 8-10 mm long; pedicel 10 mm long; ovary winged, 3 mm lon ong; sepals white, suffused with yellow to oF orange- brown below the middle, more or less spotted wit | purple, dorsal a ea | blng cod, 11 mm a 6 mm wide, connate to the lateral sepals for 1 mm protruding callus below the abr uptly 2.5 cm long, the lateral sepals oblong with ides, oblique, curved, 12 mm on. 3. 5 mm wide expanded, 1.5 mm wide Jed, connate 1 mm, formi lumn the apices obtuse, contracted into reflexed, A ied tails up ) to 2.5 em long: pet petals ‘yellow, dotted with purple-black, elliptical-oblong, 4 mm lon ng, | -75 mm wide, the apex unevenly bi- or tridentate, ]- lar margin with a curved, longitudinal carina, the upper half with a low, longitudinal callus; lip — su sed , OVate, long, 2.5 mm wide, narrowed below the recurved, expanded, obtuse apex with a ‘low, midline callus, the base truncate, thickened, hinged beneath; column — marked with purple, stout, semiterete, 4 mm Bs the foot equally long with a thick, incurved exte: LOMBIA: Antioquia: Munic. of Jardin: La Citemes, alt. 2600 m, 26 May 1983, R. Escobar, L. cultivation at Colomborquideas, 6 Apr. 1988, C. Luer “7% 5 3039 (MO). This species was discovered by Rodri- : go Escobar in a remote area of the West- ern Cordillera of Colombia that had not a ge previously been known to have been visit- Be, ie ‘pane ed by collectors. Masdevallia hortensis is ; closely allied to the rare M. segurae, but per: es the most distinguishing feature is the 4. _* protruding, knoblike callus at the apex of r the dorsal sepal below the base of the tail. £ A similar callus is found at the base of the ae dorsal sepal in M. hieroglyphica, and in Pek Dracula levii Luer and D. dalstroemii \ s Luer. Similar to most other species of { subgenus Meleagris, M. hortensis is from ( a relatively high altitude and is difficult to % cultivate ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM 1224 Plate 625. Masdevallia hortensis SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1225 Masdevallia meleagris Lindl., Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 15: 257, 1845, non Rchb.f. 1858. Ety.: From the Latin, or the Greek meleagris, “‘a guinea-fowl, or a peacock,” referring to the color- fully banded flowers Syn.: Rodrigoa alanis (Lindl.) Braas, Die Orchidee 30: 218, 1979. Pl di , epiphytic, pit lender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 1.5-2.5 cm long, enclosed by 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erec erect, coriaceous, 7-12.5 cm long includin petiole 2.5-5 cm ie the blade iu peasants subacute to obtuse, 1.6-2.3 cm wide, cuneate below into the slender petiole. Inflorescence a congested, successively few-flowered raceme, up to | cm iy a by a slender, sate peduncle 10-12; cm long, with a tubular bract below the middle, from near the base of the pan aes nage bracts imbricating, 4-6 mm mm long; pedicel 7-9 mm long; ovary 3 mm long; _—- white le, abrous, the d ate, lightly concave uk widely undulating margins, 13 mm long, 101 mm mm wide, free from the lateral oct the ap apex obtuse to t 25-32 mm long, the lateral sepals pean Senay purple, ovate, oblique, subacute, 12 mm long, 8 mm wide, connate basally for about 1 fe t, the apices contracted into slender, yellow ie pane oming orange toward the apex; petals light shits spotted and suffused with red- -purple, more or less oblong, 4 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, the apex thick, acute, decurved, the labellar margin with a thick, low, lightly undulate, longitudinal callus; lip orange, yellow toward the apex, obovate-pyriform, 5 mm long, 3 mm wide, the apex broadly rounded, the disc shallowly sulcate, the base thick, subcordate, hinged beneath; column light yellow, semiterete, 4 mm long, the foot equally long with a thick, incurved COLOMBIA: Cundinamarca: between the Péramo de San Fortunato and Fusagas oe ogota, T. Hart- a % 2012 (SEL); same collection, flowered in cultivation at Colomborquideas, 18 Mar. 1989, C. Luer 14240 Pe (MO). Although reportedly collected in the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia by Hart- Siu c weg during the first half of the nineteenth f aoe } century, the only known locality today is Pod } in the Western Cordillera. There can be awd pore little doubt about the identity of this pretty Species that was rediscovered by Gilberto Escobar and companions. The truncate dorsal sepal, free from the laterals, is od prominently marked with transverse, \ purple bars while the lateral sepals are { suffused with purple. All plants presently & in cultivation are divisions of those few that were rediscovered. Masdevallia meleagris is the first ved species known in a small group characterized by a short, successively flowe Taceme borne by a peduncle round in cross-section, a free dorsal sepal, * free nearly to the column-foot, and the lip hinged over the edge of the foot to the undersurface. As is the case with other species in subgenus Meleagris, this species does not thrive in cultivation. 1226 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM Plate 626. Masdevallia meleagris SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1227 —— | milagroi Luer & Hirtz, Sp. nov. La a es hheec: Af. parvulae Schitr., similis, sed florib joribus, sepal atc : sae vellatis, labello la differt aici Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 1 cm long, enclosed by Leaf elliptical ae tubular sheaths. erect, coriaceous, narrowly ellipti l-obovate, subacute to obtuse, 6 cm long iole 2-2.5 cm lo .9 cm wide, th rescence a congested, successively few-flowered raceme, borne by as as lender, erect ca with » SE , te, thickened, tail 11 mm long, the lateral sepals purple-brown with a few darker spots, age eh rea Pesto rae with ES less s revolute sides, 11 mm 1 long, 3.5 mm wide, connate to each other only at the tails 9 mm long, thickened, spear thick as the tail of the preheed sepal; setae purple, oblong, irregularly obtuse, 4.5 mm long, 1.8 wide, with a low, longitu- ser callus sapir the Jabellar plea 38 lip purple, broadly oblong, "subquadrate, 4.5 mm long, 2.5 mm . convex , with a low, midline callus at ihe rounded, convex: Spex, x; the base broadly s subtruncate, hi fi htob extension of the co sea column white, semiterete, 4.5 mm soca th the foot thick, 3 mm apse, with curved base Ticken ot eta Manage an de Milagro, alt. 2000 m, during 2000, date sachet A. Hirtz 7842 Nchepee MO), C. Luer illustr. 20072 This species, ae endemic in southeastern Ecuador, is most similar to widely distributed M. parvula, but it diff- ers from the latter in having larger flowers, and a clavate tail of the dorsal sepal. The petals are similar. Instead of ovate-sub- pandurate, the lip is broadly ovate with erect margins below the middle, and convex above the middle. The flower of M. milagroi is similar in size to that of M. planadensis, but the latter is distinguished by slender tails and a rounded, marginal callus at the base of the petal. A similar callus is seen on the petals of M. ximenae, which is further distinguished by longer tails. ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1229 Masdevallia sapere Luer & Hirtz, —— 22: 114, ete Ety.: From the Greek M. pantomimos, “a silent ” in allusion to the posturing flower. Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 1-1.5 cm long, enclosed by 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, thinly coriaceous, 7-10 cm long including the petiole 1.5-2.5 cm long, the blade Hom Sate subacute, 1-1. 5 cm wi wide, y condu plicate petiole. d 2m m long, rne by a slender, pines peduncle to 13 cm long, with a runt te the middle, from low on the ramicaul; floral bracts thin, imbrica Beli 7-8 mm long; pedicel 6-7 5 mm long, with crested carina; dorsal sepal transluce with large, transverse, coiniee spots, with minutely ciliate mar- gins, the pcan 18 mm long, 10 mm wide, the apex ac te, contracted into a slender, purple tail 16 mm lon ong, ; the base free fi le, minutely pubescent, the margins minutely cna oblong, t the blades 16 mm long, 4 mm wide, ‘connate basally below the column-foot, the apex acut ig; petals cartila- ginous, white, spotted with purple, lipicatbion, 6. es mm long, 3 mm wide, the ; apex truncate, ob- scurely lobulate, the labellar margin wit a, y ang} dark purple, ovate, 6 mm long, 4 mm wide th Pi 1 thi a, Ge 9 apex obtt » with a low, midline callus, the basal two-thirds broadly dilated, t date, hinged on th patter with purple, semiterete, 6 mm long, the foot stout, bicallous, 51 mm long, with. a thick, incurved ECUADOR: Azuay: without locality, purchased ni : local collector and cultivated in Cuenca, 6 001, by E. Sanchez s.n. (Holotype: MO), C “pie ue 19794. This species, with flowers large for the subsection, superficially resembles the Colombian M. heteroptera, but, except for size, the details most closely resemble those of M. parvula. It is known only from one collection. Masdevallia pantomima is character- ized by large flowers with the dorsal sepal ovate and only shallowly concave, with large, transverse spots or bars. The tail is Slender and equally long. The dark purple lateral sepals are narrowly oblong with much shorter tails. The petals are oblong with an obtusely angled callus at the middle. The lower two-thirds of the lip are dilated with the distal third narrowly & oblon ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM 1230 Plate 628. Masdevallia pantomima SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1231 Masdevallia parvula Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. — seh 49, 1921. Ety.: From the Latin parvulus, “very small,” referring to the size of the fl Syn.: aap easpy diversifolia Kraenzl., Bull. Misc. Inform. 109, 1925. Ety.: From the Latin diversifolius, * ‘with leaves of various sizes,” referring to the individual plants of the S oaliecaun Syn.: Rod ig di ifolia (K. 1.) Braas, Die Orchidee 30: 220, 1979. Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicaul slender, erect, 1-2 cm long, enclosed by 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, thinly pein 5-10 cm long including the petiole 15-3 cm long, the blade elliptical, subacute, 1-2.5 cm Inflorescence a congested, successively aoe raceme up to ca. 1 cm long, borne bya slender, va haley 6-9 cm long, with a bract below the middle, from low on the ramicaul: floral bracts thin, ting, 8-10 mm long; pedicel 4-6 mm long; ovary 2-2.5 mm long, with undulate carinae, more or les slightly papillose; dorsal sepal yellow, oe spotted with purple or purple-brown, with minutely itl ade ovate, concave, 8 mm long, 8-7 mm wide, the apex subacute, contracted into a stout, ‘yellow to orange tail 5-7 mm long, the base free from the lateral sepals, the lateral sepals maroon, shortly pubescent, the margins minutely ciliate, the blade ob- the ong, 8 mm long, 3 mm wide, connate basally below the column-foot, ntracted into a yellow tail 7-8 mm long; petals cartilaginous, yellow, spotted with purple, elliptical-oblong, 4-4.5 mm long, 1.75-2 mm wide, unequally an gularly | with a : the apex » al carina, slightly dilated near the middle; lip yellow, diffusely and rie dotted with purple, ovate- subpandurate, 4-4.5 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, the apex rounded, recurved, with a low, midline callus, the base truncate, hinged on the end; column yellow, sere? with purple, semiterete, 4 mm long, the foot stout, equally as long, with a thick, incurved extension ECUADOR: Chimborazo: “In silvis occidentalibus montis Chimborazo,”’ alt. 2500 m, Sept. 1891, A. : rahua: La Merced near Baiios, alt. ; 5 2600 m, 2 June — L. Jost 1678 (Neotype here e ra eG designated: MO). Loja: Nudo de Sabanilla, alt. 2400 « pee m, 30 Jan. 1980, D. D Alessandro 80- 009 (SEL); { ae forest south of Yangana, alt. 2750 m, 1 Nov. ‘ 1982, C. Luer & R. Escobar 8263 (SEL); Nudo de 4 n & L.B. Thien 1329 (MO, SEL); same area, <_¢ AS rt ‘Feb, 1978, C. Luer, J. Luer & M. Portilla 2528 s : elr ee al £ acne 7 co, me 2730 m, 12 May 1981, C. Luer, J. Luer & D. rd D’Alessandro 6202 (SEL); same area, 23 Mar. 1985, bo dia, above Colomborquideas, alt. 2500 m, 26 Apr. 5 a 1997, R. Escobar 8344 (JAUM, MO); El Retiro, between Colo mborquideas and Fitzebad, Mar. 1989, . Schoonen s.n. & PERU: a Tarma, collected by J. Meza near re Huasa-Huasi, alt. 3000 m, flowered in cultivation in A, Munich, 15 May 1980, by W. Kéniger s.n. (SEL, Koniger). 1800 m, BOLIVIA La Paz Nor fort ee in San Francisco, Nov. 1993, W. Teague 183 3 (MO), Cc. Luer illustr. 17056. This species is the most widely distributed member of the subgenus Meleagris. Lehmann’s unfinished watercolor painting (t. 130 of his 7008) of this species at Kew bears the intended name of Masdevallia bicruris. It grows on mossy Of stunted trees in cool, wet cloud forests from Colombia through Ecuador > Peru, into Bolivia, usually at altitudes near 3000 meters above sea level, often wi ‘ Masdevallia parvula is distinguished by the small habit and small flowers borne 1232 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM in a congested raceme. The sepals are free, the dorsal sepal is concave and spotted with purple; the lateral sepals are usually dark purple and minutely pubescent. The stout, orange tails are slightly shorter than the blades. The petals are obtuse and carinate along the lower margin. The lip stands erect in the center of the flower. SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1233 Plate 629. Masdevallia parvula ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM 1234 630. Masdevallia parvula Plate SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1235 Masdevallia planadensis Luer & Escobar, oe 3: 50, 1988. Ety.: Named for the La Planada Research C here this speci di Plant small, oe caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 8-12 long, enclosed by 2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly elliptical, acute, 4-7 cm long including the indistinct petiole 1. 5.2. 5 cm long, 0.8-1 cm wide, the base gradually narrowed into the “ Snapunaa cence a congested, successively few-flowered raceme, borne by a slender, erect peduncle, with a bract below the middle, from low on the ramicaul; floral bract 6 mm lon ng; pedicel 5-6 mm tae aes 2.5-3 mm long; sepals ba Seig = suffused with pale purple externally, glabrous, the dorsal sepal oblong, obtuse, c ve, carinate, 11 mm long, 7 mm wide expanded, connate basally to the lateral sepals for 1 mes 6 fon orm a gaping shallow, sepaline cup, the apex contracted into a terete, whitish tail 7 0! 1 expanded, connate to each other only at the base; petals white, cartilaginous, oblong, obtuse, abruptly and obliquely acute, 5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, with a Bebe rai callus along the labellar margin ending in an obtuse, conical callus above the base; lip white, oblong, 5 mm long, 3 mm wide, slightly constricted below the apex, x subtruncate, revolute, with a low, midline callus, the disc shallowly channeled, the base shallowly concave, hinged from beneath to below the bulbous extension of the column-foot; column white, semiterete, 4 mm long, the foot thick, 4 mm long, with the curved ex thickened. COLOMBIA: Narifio: Munic. of Ricaurte: collected near La Planada, alt ca. 1800 m, flowered in cultiva- tion at the Orquideario by J. Orejuela, 25 Jan. 1987, C. Luer 12488 (Holotype: MO). ADOR: Carchi: south of Chical, Cerro Oscuro. alt. 2100 m, May 1997, A. Hirtz 6554 (MO). Boli- var: wet forest west of Salinas and La Palma, alt. 1250 m, 12 Mar. 1991, C. Luer, J. Lu uer, A. Hirtz et al. 15017 This species, first found on the western declivity of southern Colombia, is now known to occur also on the western decliv- ity of Ecuador. Masdevallia planadensis is distinguished from the other species of the subgenus by the dull white, glabrous flowers faintly suffused with purple exter- nally; relatively short sepaline tails; oblong, abruptly and obliquely acute petals; and an oblong lip with a revolute, subtruncate apex. ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM Plate 631. Masdevallia planadensis SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1237 Masdevallia segurae Luer & Escobar, hee 13: 100, 1978. Ety.: Named in honor many others. Radar (Tuer & FE hor) 2 Tika ftnmakkst AN. 910 Syn.: goa segurae ( ) , , 1979. Plant small, epiphytic, tae thar slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 5-10 mm long, enclosed by 2-3 short, tubular sheaths. Leaf er aig coriaceous, 4-8 cm long including the petiole 1-3 cm long, the blade narrowly elliptic rennet subacute, 1-1.3 cm wide, the base y narrowed into the petiole. Inflorescence a Pac ESSON ON few-flowered raceme borne by re erect, — Sexoue 7-9 cm long, with a bract near the base, fro ting, 5 mm long; pedicel 36m mm long; ovary 2-3 mm on Tolan. lightly winged; sepals i get rosea vat purple, sparsely lo halaman within, the hairs minutely capitate, the dorsal sepal ovate, subcar- inate, 10 mm long, 6 mm w salvar from the lateral sepals, the apex acute, contracted into a slender, erect, orange, clavate tail Aes mm ly oblong with revolute side-margins, 10 mm ee. eet mm wide, barely connate at the base to form a shallow mentum beneath the column-foot, the rounded apices contracted into slender, yellow-green tails 10 mm long; petals white, dotted with purple, obovate-subpandurate, 4 mm long, 2 mm wide, both halves callously thickened, the apex acute to 0 shallowly notched; lip | white, dotted with purple, obpyriform-ovate, arcuate, 4.5 mm long, 3 mm wide base subcordate, connected by a th 1 foot; column \ — dotted with f purple, semi terete, 4 mm long, the foot thick, 4mm ee with a thick incurved extension aon OMBIA: Antioquia: Munic. of Urrao, headwa- ers of Rio Pabén, Las Cruces, alt. 2000-2200 m caliectea by E. Segura, 20 June 1975, flowered i in ( JA flowered in cultivati : ; t, (SELY: Howesld in cohivanon 18 ae = ig ta ase, 1 14254 (MO). ° f This species is rare and endemic in one 2 valley in the Eastern Cordillera of Colom- — bia. Only a few plants were found on one Sst ( occasion by the collector Evelio Segura in a } 1977. All plants currently in cultivation ot have originated from Masdevallia segurae is recognized by the subcongested raceme of successive flowers borne by a slender peduncle. The white, sparsely purple-dotted flowers are widely spread with orange at the bases of 5 the lateral sepals. Long, white, capitate { hairs are scattered on the inside of the & Sepals. The apex of the tail of the dorsal sepal is clavate; the petals are acute and more or less notched at the apex; the lip is arcuate and broadly ovate. 1238 SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1239 Masdevallia ximenae Luer & Hirtz, » Novon | 1: 171, 1991. Ety.: Named in honor of Sra. Xime' 1S oS. Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 1-1.5 cm long, enclosed by 2-3 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, thinly coriaceous, petiolate, 4-9 cm long including the 15-3 cm long petiole, the blade elliptical, acute, 1-2 cm wide, th ence a congested, deceraggtce few i e by: lend ct peduncle 5 9 cm long, with a bract near the middle, embraced below by th dupli f the leaf, from | aul; floral bracts thin, gear imbricating, 561 ca long; pedicel 7 mm long; ovary 1.5-2 mm : long: sepals glabrous, the dorsal sepal yellow with brown, marginal bars , ovate, concave, 7 mm long, 5.5 mm wide, connate to the | ateral sepals for 1 mm to form a ne shallow cup, tl the apex obtuse, contracted into a slender (slightly reflexed tail 12 mm long, the lateral se sepals red-brown with oto he ssiue marginal bars, oblong, . mm Rane. 3 mm wide, essentially fi the apices subacute, con- tracted into slender, "aay ee ca. 11 mm long; mousy ni >with a few red dots, oblong, 3. 5 : wide, the apex shortly apiculate, the labellar mar ina rounded ar at the RG lip red, taney: with darker ~ oblong subpandaa arcuate, 3.5 mm long, 2 mm Peni the apex x rounded, reflexe d, the disc with a base s thinly h unde f the ap foot; Sate yellow, semiterete, 3 mm “a with an pvt z, curved column-foot. St oh. ECUADOR: pop epiphytic in wet forest, alt. 1250 m, west of Salinas and La Palma, 10 M ar. ce C. Luer, J. Beak A. Hire X. Hirtz, J. del Hierro, Cedros Reserve, alt. 1400 m, 23 Jan. 1993, S. Dal- str6m, T. Héijer & H. Wanntorp 1738 (MO). This species, apparently endemic in southern Ecuador, resembles very much M. parvula and M. alexandri, but it seems most closely related to M. planadensis with which it grows in Ecuador From M. parvula, it is dininguiaed by the glabrous sepals marked with large, marginal bars instead of small, random spots. The petals are similar to those of M. planadensis with a rounded callus at the base. Masdevallia parvula occurs at al- titudes over 2600 meters above sea level; M. ximenae is found at an altitude less than half as high. From M. alexandri, it is distinguished by the much shorter sepaline tails; sepals f with broad, marginal bars instead of minute, random dots; and an ovate instead 0 an orbicular dorsal sepal. From M. planadensis, found for the first time in Ecuador and growing with M. ximenae, it is distinguished by smaller flowers prominently marked with red and purple ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM Plate 633. Masdevallia ximenae a a Se ee SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1241 MASDEVALLIA SUBGENUS NIDIFICIA Masdevallia subgenus Nidificia Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 77: 10, : Syn.: Masdevallia sect. Nidificae Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 16: 12, 1986. Type: Masdevallia nidifica Rchb.f. Ety.: From the Latin, nidificus, “built like a nest,” referring to the caespitose habit. Syn.: Masdevallia sect. Ophioglossae Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 16: 15, 1986. Type: Masdevallia ophioglossa Rchb.f. Plants small, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, abbreviated, enclosed by 2-3 imbricating sheaths, the infl ging | lly from near the base. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly elliptical to narrowly obovate, subacute to obtuse, petiolate. Inflorescence a solitary flower, me by an erect, slender peduncle, round in cross section, with a bract near or at the ; floral bract tubular, enclosing the pedicel; pedicel short; Ovary carinate-crested; sepals membranous, variously colored, smooth to minutely pubescent within, acute to obtuse, variously connate into a tube that is in- flated in the lower portion, with the apices contracted into tails; petals cartilaginous, variously callous along the labellar margin, producing 1 or 2 marginal f ; lip erect or sub ithin the fl oblong, with marginal folds that divide the lip into an epichile and a hypochile, the base truncate semiterete, the anther ventral, shortl hooded, the stig tral, the base of the column devel- oped into a column-foot with the apex of the ov gate and d beyond the ov forming with the bases of the lateral sepals a deep, rounded mentum. , which i 1 J? Reichenbach described Masdevallia molossus, the first species attributable to this subgenus, in 1877, and included it in the unranked, infrageneric category Salta- trices, based on M. saltatrix. Saltatrices is presently treated as a subsection of section Masdevallia. The following year, when he described M. nidifica, the next Species attributable to subgenus Nidificia, Reichenbach included it in the infrageneric category Clausae porrectae, which is based on M. ionocharis. This latter taxon is now considered synonymous with subsection Masdevallia. Section Nidificae was proposed in 1986 to accommodate species with single flowers, seine ed ovaries and a divided lip. In addition, the sepaline tube is inflated basally with an elongated column-foot. The section was raised to subgenus Nidificia in 2000. is subgenus contains nine closely related species distributed in the mountains of Central America, Colombia, and Ecuador. It is characterized by a small, caespi- tose habit with narrow, obovate leaves; a single-flowered peduncle; more sal less inflated floral bracts; carinate-crested ovaries; sepals connate into a tube with - inflated base created by a long, curved column-foot; and a lip, divided by marginal folds into a hypochile and an epichile, which stands more or less erect within the flower. 1242 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM BINOMIALS PUBLISHED IN MASDEVALLIA ATTRIBUTABLE TO SUBGENUS NIDIFICIA M. antioquiensis Lehm. & Kraenzl. = M. molossus M. bucculenta Luer & Hirtz Plate 634. ; Plate 635. M. grossa Luer = M. ophioglossa M. lamia Luer & Hirtz Plates 636, 637. M. molossoides Kraenzl. Plate 638. M. molossus Rchb.f. Plate 639. M. nidifica Rchb-f. ..... Plates 640, 641. M. ophioglossa Rchbf. . Plates 642, 643. M. ophioglossa subsp. grossa (Luer) Luer = M. ophioglossa M. rhopalura Schltr. = M. molossoides M. schmidtchenii Kraenz] = M. molossus M. strigosa Koniger....... Plate 644. M. tenuicaudata Schitr. = M. nidifica M. ventricosa Schltr. ................. Plate 645. KEY TO THE SPECIES moe with tails slender... - Dorsal sepal with the tail thick... 4 2 Peduncles 6-8 cm long; sepals yellow, with tails 8-12 mm long; mstapry of the lip narrowly trian rte svt decitoversenbit acne ceo, QU M. ventricosa 2’ Peduncles 3-5 cm long; sepals variously marked with purple, with tails 8-30 mm angular 3 Sepaline tube narrowed at the ostium; lip with the NSOVSCR OSE ere dedeneEnce. epichile transversely triangular ee OE Ries M. bucculenta 3° Sepaline tube not narrowed at the ostium; lip with epichile ovate.......... M. nidifica Dorsal sepal with the tail clavate... 5 &" Dorsal Dorsal sepal with the tail not Cie 9 * Lars iatar cn es gM eg 6° 6 Sepa bio about as lon oorpeb ard neg “ieee 4S 7 Lael sca we . et 8” & Sera eat Hay Spotted, with tails as long as the blades... M. lam with purple, with tails shorter than the blades........M. a ecasaies 9 or Pals with free portions contracted into tails ca. 0.5 mm thick...... ophioglossa ” Sepals with tails ca. 2mm thick, emerging emerging at the orifice of the tu SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1243 Masdevallia bucculenta Luer & Hirtz, Lindleyana 10: 115, 1995. Ety.: From the Latin bucculentus, “with full cheeks,” in allusion to the inflated sepaline tube. Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots ate der. icaul b , Slender, 5 mm long, enclosed by 2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, ee 2.5-4 cm long including the 1-2 cm long petiole, the blade elliptical, obtuse to subacute, 6-8 mm wide, cuneate below into the sl tiole. Inflorescence a a solitary flower borne © by : a filiform, suberect pedtuncte ° * = JC cm m long, with a bract above the base, from low y 1 mm long, 2mm ieee with 6 lightly irregular crests; Sepals thin, translucent white, glabrous, with margins more or less minutely erose, cari y, the dorsal sepal subpandurate, concave, 7 mm long, ra mm wide expanded, connate 5 mm into an skated wha tube, constricted near the middle on the lower half, the apex transversely obtuse, abruptly contracted into a slender tail 8 mm long, the lateral sepals suffused with purple, subpandurate, oblique, 7 mm 1 long, connate a across a 1 sharp, transverse fold, below 4mm wide, the base OW ted, forming line tube, the acut i ] ] tals white, oblong-multi-angled, 2 mm long, 1 mm wide, the apex acute, th led i distal third, the labellar half with a suberect, subacute triangular ci carina from near the mparcty, and a deflexed, acute angle oF on — erect, 2.5 mm long, 2 mm wide, the epichile transv versely triangular or flabellate, min minutely erose, with o apex acute, recurved, and with the lateral angles acute, expanded, the rebaier an suborbicular, the base truncate Pei on the end; column white, semiterete, 3 mm long, the curved foot 4 mm long with an incurved ex Luer, S. Dalstrim, T. Héijer & A. Hirtz i (Holo- type: MO); Mindo, alt. 1500 m, Feb. 1993, A. Hirtz 5882 (MO). This species, known from the western Slopes of Pichincha in northwestern Ecuador, is closely allied to sympatric M. nidifica, which is relatively common and extremely variable in its wide range from Central America to the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia and to southwestern Ecuador. Since the earliest known collection of this Species in 1984, it had been treated as a variation of M. nidifica, and an illustration was included with M. nidifica in The- Saurus Masdevalliarum-10. Similar to M. nidifica, the somewhat smaller, subglobose, sepaline tube is trans- lucent white and suffused with purple on the lateral sepals. The orifice to the sepa- line tube is more constricted than in usual : variations of M. nidifica. Most deductive. however, is the transversely triangular, acutely deflexed apical segment of the lip with acute lateral angles and acute apex. ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM 1244 Plate 634. Masdevallia bucculenta SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA Masdevallia dynastes Luer, ener anc 42: 459, 1979. 1245 +} RL. Ety.: Named = the coleopteran genu of the flow Sppee aie Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls green with ~~ dots, slender, erect, 1.5-2.5 cm long, enclosed by 2-3 close, tubular 7-10.5 cm — including the petiole 2- 3. 5 cm long, t the blade elliptical, Subacute, 1- 1.3 cm | wide, the lender pedunc ei 6.5-10.5 cm long, with a bract below inflated, 6 mm long; pedicel 6 mm long, with a well long, 3 mm wide, with 6 overlapping, un cres' g fleshy, glabrous, light green, diffusely covered by small ps and dashes y flower ne Oy an erect, the middle, from low on the ramicaul; floral veloped filament ca. 4 mm Jah ovary 3 mm intensely pr aay with dark purple; sepals of purple-brown, the dorsal sepal concave, subquadrate, 10 mm long, pido bein connate to the een epee St 7 ne ens subglobose, sepaline cup, the free part transverse clavate tail 7 mm long, the lateral sepals more or ly less s oblong, concave basally, 13 mm long, 4 mm sake connate 2 mm and connate to the column-foot for 7 mm to form a deep, subglobose mentum, the sub- acute apices contracted into thick tails 7 mm long; petals gular, 5 mm long, 1.5- greeni: pentan; 2.5 mm wide, the apex yellow, —_ the labellar margin with a thickened, obtuse > angle above the middle and a larger, acute angle w the middle, t lower portion of th sine column; ; lip yellow, marked with red-brown, ovate-triangular, 6 mm long 4.5 = mm wide, — marginal fol he hy- pochile o ate, hall ly ll deflexed, ted A ty ra thickened, greenish a semiterete, 6mm cae with a curved foot 7 mm long with a short extension. ECUADOR: Bolivar: ‘epiphytic in cloud forest between Guaranda Balzapamba, alt. ca. 2500 m. Aug. 1978, collected by A. Hirtz, A. pre I. Cc. : , J. Luer, R. Escobar & A. Hirtz 3940 (JAUM, SEL): Selva sean alt. 1400 m, A. Hirtz & X. Hirtz 424 terrestrial on road-cut, Selva Alegre, alt. 1900 m, . 1990, S. Dalstréim ~ = Lary 1482 (MO), Without collection data, Lehmann 317, t. 275 (K). This species occurs locally on the western slopes of the Andes of Ecuador. The subglobose, brown-speckled flower with short, clavate tails is reminiscent of one of the flowers from a raceme of M. pachyura, but the single-flowered pedun- cle; the thick, many-angled petals; and the long, curved column-foot immediately distinguish it. ef bee - \nd \ ot ALS a nee rn ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM 1246 a AM “Wage ot ih My, Ny said % SENN Ny its Fay thea Nites — otisseaits enenty: Sie aass ti Sean ae aCe) al ey BR in oo, } —a ss ee Plate 635. Masdevallia dynastes } j ; SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1247 Masdevallia lamia Luer & Hirtz, Lindleyana 3: 40, 1988. Ety: From the Greek lamia, ‘‘a bugbear,” referring to the goblinlik Paiie PE wel. Plant very small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 1.5-2 mm long, enclosed by 2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly elliptical, subacute, 13-17 mm long including the petiole 2-3 mm long, 5-6.5 mm wide, the base cuneate into the petiole a solitary flower borne by a slender, erect peduncle, 17-20 mm long, with a bract near the base, from low on the ramicaul; floral bract 2.5-3 mm long; pedicel 2.5-3 mm long; ovary 3 mm long, 3-winged; sepals snow white, glabrous, the dorsal sepal obovate, concave, 4.5 mm long, 4 mm wide expanded, connate to for 4 mm to fo gaping sepaline tub tricted the middle, i below the middle, the free margin minutely erose, the apex transversely obtuse, abruptly contracted into a clavate, yellow tail 4 mm long, the lateral sep; t 2 to fi inflated ith the column foot, 5 mm long, the blades beyond the constriction ovate, oblique, 3.5 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, the that of the dorsal sepal; petals white, oblong, obtuse, 2 mm long, 1 mm wide, longitudinally carinate above 1.3 mm wide, with erose, marginal folds above the middle, the disc shallowly channeled, the epichile ovate, obtuse, recurved, the margins li tly erose, the hypochile oblong, truncate, hinged from beneath; column white, semiterete, 2 mm long, the foot curved, 2 mm long, with a short, thick, incurved extension. ECUADOR: Esmeraldas: epiphytic in cloud forest uer, J. west of Lita, alt. 750 m, 18 Jan. 1987, ,C. EL uer, C. This little species occurs uncommonly and locally in forests of northwestern allied to the common, variable, and widely distributed M. nidifica, M. lamia is also Similar to the Costa Rican M. molossoides. The pale flower of M. lamia is slightly smaller than the often colorful flowers of either of the above. In common with other related species, the sepaline tube is inflat- ed both above and below a deep central constriction. The sepaline tails of M. nidifica are long and slender, while those of M. molos- SOides are thick, clavate, and shorter than the blade. The thick tails of M. lamia are about as long as the blades, while the Clavate tails of M. molossoides are shorter than the blades. The petals and lips of all three species are basically similar. ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1249 Masdevallia molossoides Kraenzl., » Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 416, 1921. Ety.: From for th imilarity Syn.: Masdevallia anura Kraenzl. Bese: Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 433, 1921. ee From the oy anura, “without a tail,” — to the tailless sepals. I pec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 19: 14, 1923. a From the Greek sentir sae ee “ yeh atg - a clavate, sepaline tails. Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 5-10 mm long, enclosed by 2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, 1.5-3.5 cm long including the — .5-1.5 cm long, the blade elliptical, subacute to obtuse, 0.5-0.8 mm wide, narrowly cuneate belase tase the petiole. Inflores- cence a single flower produced by a slender, suberect peduncle 3-4, 5 cm long, with a bract near the base, from the low on the ramicaul; floral bract tubular, 4n mm g; ovary 2.5 mm long, with 6 crests; sepals yellowish, suffi , minutely pubescent with- in, with minutely ciliate margins, | the dorsal sepal hee ae concave, say cen 6mm long, 7 mm wide expanded, tube, the apex transverse , abruptly c ontracted into a stout, forwardly directed deflexed tail 3-5 mm oe with the apex —— claxete, ihe lateral sepals obovate, oblique, bal mm long, connate for é 4 mm into a lamina 7 mm id 3 mm long, the b column fot petal purplish, oblong, 3 mm long, a wide, the apex acute, the labellar margin with a longitu ear the m e and win: late base; lip purple, — oblong- panda, 4.5 mm m ong 2.25 mm wide, with marginal folds above the middle, the epichile 1 iculate, the basal two-thirds + Cappechii oblong, shallowly sulcate, the base sub h; column th purple, semiterete, 3.5 mm long, with a curved foot 5 mm “Sy with an incurved extension. COSTA RICA: Without locality, alt. 3,500 ft., 1867, A. Endres s.n. (Holotype: W). Alajuela: San Ramén, San Carlos road, alt. 4,000 ft., 1867, A. Endres 21 (holotype of M. anura: W); Los Angeles de San Ramén, alt. 1050 m, _ 1921, A.M. Brenes 47 (AMES, CR); La Palma de San Ramon, alt. 1250 m, 16 Sept. 1924, A.M. panes 2309 (CR). Cartago: La Palma, alt. 2500 m, C. Wercklé 76 (holotype of M. rhopalura destroyed at B); La Palma, Apr. 1910, C. poe ‘she (CR); Navarro, 29 July 1946, C.H. 400- 1500 m, 1982, R. Escobar, R. Moran & D. Mora de Retana 3150 (CR, SEL), cultivated at Colomborqui- deas, 20 Apr. 1988, C. Luer 13270 (MO). Heredia: Vara Blanca between Pods and Ligige = 1680 m, Apr. 1938, A. Skutch 3757 (AMES, K S); above = Jeronimo, alt. 1800 m, 18 Sept. sa C. Luer, J. er & K. Walter ened & G. _— a (S); Montecristi, 133 (AMES, K, US). Bolivar: w ea penonny uathe etal. 15008 aes, EI Oro: ae Santa 5a salt 400-1000 m, A Hirtz & Ww. Flores 10668 cloud forest above Pifias, alt. 950 m, 20 Mar. 1985, C. Luer J. Luer. A. PPE ™ | shupp 9003 (MO. Cloud forest west of Pifias, alt. 900 m, 8 Oct. 1979, C-H. Dodson, 1254 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1255 SEL). / Azuay: 4511 Aal AAnllat L.. bore ch > 1 Jan. J. Luer, A. Hirtz, A. & P. a 16189 (MO). Guayas: Puente de rela as near wa ei he foe a 8 June 1887, F-C. Le n 6743 (K COLOMBIA A: Antioquia: Frontino, alt. 1200-1700 m, Oct. pre id yas Lehmann 7027 (K); oe Nacional Natural ‘‘Las Orquideas,”’ Rio Calles, alt. ca. 1350 m 988, A. Cogollo, J.G. Ramis & O. Alvares 2516 (JAUM, MO); Yarumal, road to El Cedro, alt "1850 m, 1S Mar. ee, he Laer. J. Luer, S. Dalstrém & W. Teague 14173 (MO rt 3 May 1984, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Escobar & E Valencia 10346 (MO). Valle del Cauca: z= Cia, Cerro del Inglés, alt. 2260 m, 5 Jan. 1987, F paihte et 2997 (CUVC, MO). Cauca: west of Cali, alt. 1800-2000 m, 31 Dec. 1883, FC. Lehmann 3435 (G); highlands of Popayén, alt. 100-2100, Ma 1878, F.C. Lehmann s.n. (K). Nariiio: west rraine alt. 1500-2000 FEC. Lehmann s. (KK346); ry Pablo between Barbacoas and Pasto, alt. 1300 m, 25 July 1879, EC. Lehmann 131] (W). NICARAGUA: Jinotega: top of Jinotega Grade, alt. 1520 m, A. Heller 6329 (SEL). Matagalpa: Bavaria, = 1200 m, A. Heller 4083 (SEL). COSTA RICA: Without locality, alt. 4500 ft., 1867, A. Endres 19 (W, as M. diaphana). Alajuela: La Palma de San Ramén, alt. 1100 m, 24 Dec. 1924, A.M. Brenes 229 (CR); La ee alt. 1500 m, Feb. 1913, C. Wercklé 858 (CR); Los Angeles de San Ramon, alt. 1050 m, July 1921, A.M. Brenes 42 S, CR); El Silencio de Zarcero, alt. 1450 m, 29 Aug. 1938, A.C. Smith i abe (AMES); San Ramén to Balsa, Quebrada joe alt. ca. 1100 m, 10 Sept. 1979, W.D. Stevens 14226 (MO); Monte- verde, Valle Pefias Blancas, alt. 700 m, 26 Oct. 1988, E. Bello 199 (CR, MO); southeast of Cariblanco, se — alt. a, m, 7 il 1990, S. Ingram & K. Ferrell 679 (CR, SEL, USJ); Cartago: between ma, alt. 1500 m, 22 Dec. 1881, EC. Lehmann 1859 (BM, BR, G, K); La Palma, Cc ears £802 viola of M. cyathogastra: CR); La Pal ma, C. Wercklé 80 (holotype of M. tenuicauda at B); near San Isidro, La Palma, alt. 1500 m, 22 Dec. 1881, EC. Lehmann sea hig~ — Luer, J. Luer, J. Atwood & Dora Mora de Retana 17481 (MO). Guanacaste: Montev . Atlantic slope, alt. 1300 m, 19 Jan. 1989, W. Haber & W. Zuchowski 8977 (CR, MO): Rio Chas fy Tilardn, 30 July 1986, W. Haber & E. Bello 5872 (MO). Heredia: Vara Blanca, alt. 1500 on ‘ Skutch 3171 (K, MO); Vara Blanca, alt. Be Ap m, July 1937, A.F es 3171 (AM hi eos osé: Zurqui, alt. 2000-2500 m, PC. Standl, erio 48054 ( ; La Hondura, alt. 1 vibes m, 2 Mar. 1924, P.-C. Standley "36208, 36305, 36411, 36442, 36450, 36521 feast steecraen ae José, alt. 1400-1500 m, 1 Mar. 1978, C. Todzia 157, 180 (CR). Puntarenas: fores ie a we rve, alt. 1500 m, 18 Mar. 1986, C. Luer, J. Luer & D. Dod 12104 (MO); Monteverde Reserve pantera Station, alt. 1500 m, 17 Feb. 1992, S. Ingram & K. Ferrell-Ingram 1334 (MO, SEL). Talamanca, Bratsi of Rio Hondura and Rio Sucio, alt. 450 m, 11 gen 1984, M.W. Chase 84264 (CR); ° alt. 1300 m, 6 Mar. 1992, G. Herrera 5173 (CR. MA: Chiriqui: cloud forest around ae alt, 1100 m, 16 Feb. 1985, C. _— - _ . aig Dressler 10573 (MO); Fortuna dam, Rio Hornito, alt. 1100 m, 4 Dec. 1987, G. McPherson This species is variable and relatively common and in parts of its — hd from Central America to the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia and to sou alec Ecuador. Krinzlin credited Karsten with reporting M. nidifica from sae hie boas but no collection is known. The little, subglobose, sepaline tube is m le. translucent, and striped, spotted, flecked, or r suffused with aaa or purp a dorsal sepal is deeply cucullate as it forms “—_ goa OM : ugar curved which is inflated below. The rounded base 1s formed by an elongated, column-foot. rn slopes of The largest and most colorful variations are fo —— aay made i Dr. Pichincha in north-central Ecuador where the first collections OS once by Jameson. The smaller, pale variations from Central _ ik onl Endres about 1867, were described by Schlechter as M. cyathog caudata from collections by Wercklé. A a i by ES of vib SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1257 Masdevallia ophioglossa Rchb.f., Otia Bot. —e 1: 17, 1878. Ety.: From the Greek ophioglossa, “‘a snake-tongue,” for the illusion of the slender, snakelike lip. one sce ay oaee Luer, Phytologia 47: 64, 1980. Ety.: Fro ‘ossus, “thickened, enlarged,” referring to the thick tails. Syn.: Masi actin subsp. grossa (Luer) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 15:15. Plant small to very small, epiphytic, fasciculate-ascending to caespitose, roots slender. Ramicauls slender, 3-10 mm long, enclosed by 2-3 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, 1.5-7 cm long in- cluding a petiole 0. 5- 3 cm long, the blade narrowly obovate, subacute to obtuse, 0. Sd cm wide, gradual- Ww io erect peduncle 1.5-7 cm long, from low on the ramicaul; floral bract - 3-7 mm long; podioel I-31 1-3 mm Jong: ovary 1.5- 2.5 mm long, with low, undulate i sepals white, g . carinate, oblong, con- cave, 6-8 mm | ong » 2-5 mr id lat ‘oete anode ae ted berect. , Slender to eh tastes mae, terete, yellowish tail s Wad We Pius Gt es es pal te 4-6 m mm long, inflated at the base, 3-6 mm wid ded, the fr semiterete, — tails 5-10 mm: long; petals whi fp to nape 2-3 mm rete 0.5-1.5 mm e, the apex acute, sometimes minutely denticulate, the labellar margin with a broad, tri- angular, 1 A late base; white to light yellow, narrowly oblong- triangular, 3.5-4.5 mm long, 1-1.5 mm wide, with marginal folds above the — the —_— terete, minutely to coarsely ve wly obtuse, the hile more or less hive shallowly channeled, © base subcordate, hinged beneath; column white, semiterete, 2.5-3 mm hohe: the foot curved, 2 mm long, with an extension 0.5 mm lon ECUADOR: Pichincha: Quito, western slopes of Pichincha, alt. 6,000 ft., Mar. 1877, FC. Lehmann 27 (Holotype: W); epiphytic near Canchacato and Si- Slope of Sey: alt. 1800 m, Dec. 1988, A. Hirtz 3953 (MO). Imbabura: cloud forest of Selva Ale- gre, alt. 2350 m, 1 May 1981, C. Luer, J. Luer & A Hirtz 6054 (SEL). ECUADOR: Azuay: epiphytic on the western slopes of Azuay, 1972, collected by B. Malo, flowered in cultivation at T. arqui, 14 July 1977, C. Luer 1696 (ho of M. grossa: SEL); flowered in cultivation at Tarqui, 25 May 1988, C. Luer 13680 (MO). This little species is relatively frequent in wet forests of the western slopes of Ecuador. It is easily identified by the crested ovary, small,.white, tubular flow- ers dilated at the base, and a lip witha harrow, verrucose epichile. In the northern part of the distribution hear and within the province of Pichincha, Plants are usually smaller than those from farther south, near and within the province of Azuay. The latter was recognized as M. 8rossa. The flowers of plants from the South are also larger with thicker tails. 1258 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1259 Masdevallia strigosa .K6niger, Die Orchidee 41: 142, 1990. Ety.: From the Latin strigosus, ‘‘lean, scraggy,” referring to the meagre habit. Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 1 ee enclosed by 2-3 tubular sheaths, Leaf erect, coriaceous, as ae meer subacute to obtuse, 3-4 —— ore the ea 1.5-2 cm long, 0.8-0.9 cm wide, the base into the petiole. I veld flower borne by a slender, erect, peduncle, 5-6 cm ea with a bract near the middle, from ‘on icaul; floral bract 5 mm long; pedicel 4 mm long; mae 2mm ee tall-alate; sepals light iol glabrous, the dorsal sepal broadly ovate, deeply m lon wide i 3- veined, connate to the lateral sepals for 3 mm to form a gaping, soboriul, sepaline tube, the apex rounded, abruptly contracted into a clavate, yellow te basally to form an inflated mentum with the column-foot, 10 mm long cluding pr 3mm long, the blades the constriction narrowly oblong oblique, 2 mm wide, 1- “-v oe apices subacute, contracted into slender tails ca. 3 mm a ee acute, acuminate, 2.5 mm long, mm wide, 1-veined, ‘ecarinate, coals below the middle, lip orange, thin, oblong, obtuse, arcuate, * mm long, 2 mm wide, vent nore Crect, (ie CESS HONS channeled, ending margin, th from the end; seein yellow, semiterete, —— above the middle, 3.5 mm Aras ‘the foot curved, 4 mm long, with a short, thick, incurved extens ECUADOR: Pichincha: between Quito and Mindo, alt. 1600 m, 2 Apr. 1988, flowered in cultivation in Munich, Germany, W. Kéniger & H. Kéniger eo (holotype of M. strigosa: M; isotypes: QCA, Herb Koniger), C. Luer illustr. 20445. This little species is rare, known only from the original collection not far west of Quito. Although obviously allied to the common, variable, and widely distributed M. nidifica, it is also related to M. lamia and the Costa Rican M. molossoides. In common with them, the lip stands erect at the tip of a long, curved column-foot. Masdevallia strigosa was published with- Out comment and without dimensions of the floral parts except that the dorsal sepal was five millimeters long. The present illustration was made from a dry flower ed in ammonia. Masdevallia strigosa is characterized an inflated, deeply concave, suborbicu- ar, dorsal sepal, and narrow, single- dorsal sepal is veined, lateral sepals, all with relatively short ae see of the column, ed toward the apex. The tiny, translucent petals nett of the column. with the dilated lower margins along the similarly dilated ) lip is thin and arcuate with broad, thin, erect sides + enlumn-foot is nearly folding or distortion. The column is winged, and and the rt twice as long as the gynostemium (the body of ihe cy 1260 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1261 Masdevallia ventricosa Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. —_— Veg. 14: 120, 1915. the sepaline tube. Ety.: From the Latin ventricosus, “ventricose, ” referring to Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots so Ramicauls erect to suberect, slender, 10-15 mm —_* serpent by 2-3 tubular she aths. Leaf erec to suberect, faaieapragy ca cm long includ- ing 8-11 mm cuneate below into the ear petiole. Inflorescence: a slay flower borne by a slender, Hrenbo — 19 cm long, with a bract above the base, from — mm long, 3-crested; sepals chin, translucent yellow, ally, gla tron Sateen concave, #-10 mm SP nk, =? 1 om ee 2 nl “a 5-6 mm wide expanded, connate 5 mm into an inflated, sepaline tube, constricted near on the lower half, the apex transverse to obtuse, abruptly con’ mteksarreyery yrs wise sepals pandurate, oblique, 9-11 mm long, 2.5- 3 mm wide, connate 2-3 mm a sharp, transverse fold, the base belo Ow ted forming line ty tha a, + M4 eat a | 1 A tails 9-11 mm long; petals white, oblong, cee, 25am lng I wide, the margins sometimes minutely serrate b ending in an obtuse process above the unguiculate base; lip yellow, subpandurate, erect, 4 some slong, 2 long, 2 mm Seti with obtuse, marginal folds ab margins, acute, the hypochile broadly oblong, : sulcate orn the base truncate, e, hinged on the ts column white, semiterete, 3 mm long, ECUADOR: Pichincha: subandine forest near Canzacoto, Jan. 1892, A. Sodiro 32 (Holotype de- dita at B; Lectotype here designated: BR; ( —_ ee a tween Chillanes and San Jo: Tambo, San Vicente, alt. 1750 m, 18 Feb. 1991, C.H. ion, W.S. Stevenson, N. Williams, M. Whitten & A. ehees 18711 (MO). — ~ SSI ap This species is closely related to the me a 5 frequent and widely distributed M. nidifi- By ca, but M. ventricosa occurs much less .. and only on the western slopes 4 ol the Andes of central Ecuador. Vegeta- tively, it is slightly larger than M. nidifica “1 and with longer peduncles. The similarly ! De globose, inflated flowers are a pure yellow With consistently much shorter, slightly thicker, Sepaline tails. The best distin- S Suishing feature is the lip, the epichile of Which is narrowly triangular instead of Ovate or flabellate. pwer latera to The dorsal sepal is deeply cucullate and connate to secs form a constricted tube which is inflated below. The rounded ithi elongated, curved column-foot. From the free extension the margin, and the lip is divided the flower. The petals are callous along the Libel wer oblong by Marginal folds into a narrowly triangular epi chile and an 1262 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM Plate 645. Masdevallia ventricosa SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1263 MASDEVALLIA SUBGENUS SCABRIPES Masdevallia subgenus Scabripes Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 77: 10, 2000. Ety.: From the Latin pee aban cg: ose: to the scabrous peduncle. The description of the single species will suffice for the subgenus. It is charac- terized by a successively flowered inflorescence borne by a scabrous peduncle, and a minute hornlike process on either side of the lip above the base. Masdevallia bicornis Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri in Gard. 64: 128, 1997. Ety.: From the Latin bicornis, “‘with two horns,” referring to the calli of the lip. Portillia popowiana ite & J.Portilla, Arcula 6: stom not. oilain sade. pl + a 2. r . 1 R I t t t ee enclosed by 2-3 loose, shad ar s — — Leaf erect, thinky coriaceous, 10-21 cm long nding a e 3-5 = long, the blade narrowly elliptical-obovate, subacute, 3-3.5 cm wide, the base narrow ead into the petiol e. I Je. nutant flower, t by a more or less horizontal, scurfy peduncle 12-24 em long, with 3 distant bracts, the are covered by more or less branching scales, from near the base of a ramicaul; floral bracts tubular, oblique, 7-10 - ; th to minutel verrucose, tue g; sepals mm long; pedicels 8-12 mm long; qray eee iA ar, 15 mm long, 12 red-brown with yellow tails, glabrou: ocak mm wide, 3-veined, connate to the ot sepals for 5 mm without formin; orming a a spaling tube, the Pp aeees acute, contracted into a forwardly directed, slender tail 40-45 mm long, the lateral nc each haf sulate into a broadly expanded, bifid, obovate lamina, 25 mm long, 24 mm wide, 6-veined, between a pair of longitudinal, ob gins inflexed, ag i into slender tails 30-35 mm long; petals = peor cartilaginous wide, the base pia — obit shiec ng, te, hie rocess 1.5 mm long, ceiling dark brown, light brown at the base, with etre ; calli, oblon ong- agentes? th inion m wide a the middle, 1.4 mm wide at the middle, the csi shallowly —_— ae the middle sea, the disc with a tall, grooved ute, uncinate 2 between a longitudinal pair: of onl Mega a pair pa ac - Su aa a short, thin strap t the orice column light ne arcuate, lvoe 8 mm long, narrowly win, the foot thick with a short, thin, incurved extension. ECU rona-Santiago: E] Pangui, alt. 1000 m, collected by J. Portilla, paren to N. Popow, by Kéniger date olotype: M; Isotypes reported: K, QCA); ‘‘Macas,” alt. 700 m, A. Hirtz 658] (MO), C. Luer illustr. 18609. This species, endemic in lowland, eastern Ecuador, was collected in 1996 by José Portilla who exported plants to Popow in Germany. It is the only species of the genus with a scurfy peduncle. The x ithout discussion. DNA species was described in a unispecific genus by K6niger w! analyses indicate a relationship with the genus ee ramicaul; a large Masdevallia bicornis is characterized by a short ie and a successively flowered raceme. The long pedunc the peduncles of some scaly trichomes that are similar to those found sh iait ay or verrucose pedun- species of Scaphosepalum. Both smooth cles also occur within Pleurothallis and Trisetell. — with subplicate veins similar to The lateral sepals are connate into a synsep ss ted process, or tooth, at those seen in M. empusa. The petals are ae The lip is of the base exactly as seen in several species of agent a tall, cleft callus closely the same basic design found in the subsection, W that of M. catepheres. lip above the base, A minute, pointed appendage arises from teed i 1264 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM perhaps analogous to the lateral lobules found on the lips of M. andreettana and M. persicina. The lip is flexibly joined to the column-foot by a thin, strap-like hinge from the tip of the column-foot. It is attached within the concave undersurface of the base of the lip, in a manner identical to that of the species of subsection Oscil- lantes, to permit oscillation. The column is also similar to those of the species of the subsection. SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1265 MASDEVALLIA SUBGENUS TEAGUEIA Masdevallia subgen. Teagueia Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 16: 53, 1986. Type: Masdevallia teaguei Luer. Ety.: Named for Walter Teague of San Francisco, CA, who first collected this species. Syn.: Jostia Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 79: Bide) Ety.: Named for Louis Jost, ho discovered the activity of the lip. The single species siribenad’ to this cobpeaae is distinguished by an actively mobile lip with a pair of large, flat plates covering the disc, and hinged around a thick column-foot by a thin strap. Although well on its way down another evolu- tionary ae DNA analyses indicate a relationship with Masdevallia. Masdevallia teaguei Luer, ore 2: 381, 1978. Ety.: Named in honor of Walter Ti of San Francisco, California, co-discoverer of the species. sce Masdevallia braasii Mohr, Die asenaant 35: 64, 1984. “N dinh f Lothar Braas. FE y author. Syn: Jostia a teh: Luer. der. Ramicauls blackish, erect, slender, 2-6 cm ken: enclosed by 2 3 loose, ‘bul sheaths. Leaf dark green, ¢ erect, CoRRCHOmE, petiolate, or cm long, 3cm wide, the base cuneate into the petiole eae ongested, successi ively ser owed raceme up to 3 cm long, borne by an erect, slender, terete ck 9-18 cm long, ws a bract above base and borne from above the base of the ramicaul; floral bracts loose, tubular, 8-15 mm long; pedicel - to red- le, vec toward the base, 12-16 mm long; ovary 6 mm long; sepals red-brown to red-purple, y ons on og 9 glabrous externally, microscopically red-pubescent within, the wide, connate to the lateral sepals for 7 mm to form in funnel-shaped tube, the ovate, the obtus ted int erect, slender, yellow tail 17-20 mm long, the lateral sepals 18 mm long, connate 15 mm into an expanded, ovate lamina 19 mm wide below middle, forming a mentum below the column-f y ve, Se into slender tails 7 mm long; I l hird of the column, , yellow, ed with nc both m ilated, the lower half with a short, thick acute, ror call above te tase ip lip ges ple ibd to th f the disc. 3.75 mm wide, the deeply cleft down the center to form a of prostrate, a the rigidly decurved, rounded apical lobe 2.5 mm long, amellae, the base thickened, hinged d below by a broad, thin s eae umn yellow, semiterete, 6 mm long, with the p mm long, very thic k, incurved, the apex su bous. ECUADOR: Zamora-Chinchipe: epiphytic in ¢ forest near Valladolid, alt. ca. 300 1 m, July on collected by W. Teague, L. Figueroa & D. Welisch, ultivated in San Francisco, 1978, C. Luer 2035 (Holotype: SEL); e epiphytic in cloud forest above Valladolid, alt. 2450 m, 18 Mar. 1984, C. Luer, S. Dalstrém, T. Héijer, J. Kuijt & D. D’Alessandro 9583 (MO); same area, 23 Mar. 1985, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz & W. Flores 10942 (MO). Morona- Santiago: Tinajillas, road to Lim6n, alt. 2100 m, collected by E. S4nchez, Jan. 1995, A. igi etg (MO), Milagro above Limén, al bi cahdvalke uetcmeee E. Sanchez, 6 Mar. 2001, C. Luer 19795 (MO). Tungurahua: Cerro Abitagua, alt. — 17 —_ 1998, cers 1673 (MO) oF nk of M. braasii, Herb. Mohr). ested, succes- This species is found infrequently in southern aenentangl a sively flowered raceme, about as high as dark green, pe a aetna ception erect, terete peduncle that originates above the base 0 connate to the lower third of the column, possess a basal tooth ae The body of the lip consists of a broad hypochile composed of a pair 0 e decurves from be- laminae separated by a deep cleft. A rigid, tricarinate the apex, elliptical, oblique, 6mm long, 3 mm wide, tly d i 2.25 mm wide with 3 tall, subverrucose strap to the bottom 0 of the oe . 7 1266 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM neath the apex of the laminae. The thickened base of the lip rests on the edge of a markedly thickened end of the column-foot. A broad, thin Strap originating from below the middle of the undersurface of the lip is inserted onto the backsurface of the thickened end of the column-foot. Gravity seems to hold the lip in the ‘‘open”’ position, but a tactile stimulus causes the lip to rise into a ‘‘closed” position. aa a SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1267 MASDEVALLIA SUBGENUS VOLVULA 5. subgenus Volvula Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 77: 0, 2000. fies ’ Masdevallia caudivolvula Krae Ety.: From the Latin volvulus, “a fies intestine,” in allusion to the spiraled tails of the sepals. The description of the single species will suffice for the subgenus. It is charac- terized by a single-flowered inflorescence and a lip divided by marginal folds. The thick sepals, that are carinate internally, with thick, twisted tails are unique, Sp sieanng caudivolvula Kraenzl., Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 8: 128, 1922. m the Latin caudivolvulus, “with a seaesiegs tail,” referring to the sepaline tails. Plant medium in size , epiphyti : t der. Ramicauls blackish, erect, slender, 2-45 cm long, enclosed by 2-3 loose, thin, tubular sheaths. bye coriaceous, 5-11 cm long including the below into the petiole. Inflores- from low on te eevee ul; floral bract tubular, 8-12 mm long; pedicel 6-8 mm long; ovary trialate, 5 mm ong; ow, coe with brown, thick, rigid, concave with thickened veins w withia, oo sepal Scie 8 mm | mm wi e, connate to tail 2-25 cm sepaline tube, t d twisted, : # 4 mae the lateral | sepals mminstely pubescent within, oblong, oblige, 8 mm long, 5 yet pn re callous along the labellar margin oblong-pandurate, 5 oblong, 4mm long, 1.75 mm wide, with | the apex truncate, tridentate, : lip white, d with long, 2 mm wide, narrowed near the middle with marginal folds, with the apiculate, the base truncate, hinged beneath; column green, suffused with the foot equally long, with a short, incurved extension. COLOMBIA: Antioquia: “Medellin,” alt. 2300- 2650 m, Kalbreyer 1731 (Holotype presumably destroyed at B); near Medellin, May 1882, G El Retiro, Hda. Normandifa, alt. 2500 m, 2 Dec. 1956, M. Ospina H. 75 (AMES); El Retiro, Alto de Las Palmas, alt. 2480 m, May 1977, E. Acevedo s.n. (JAUM); same collection, cultivated at Colombor- quideas 20 Apr. 1988, C. Luer 13267 (MO); El Carmen, Perditas de San Lorenzo, alt. 2500 m, 27 Nov. 1975, R. Escobar et al, s.n. (JAUM); M Medellin, Cerro Padre Amaya, alt. 2350 m, 23 June 1975, R. Escobar et al. s.n. (JAUM); Sons6n, Tres Cruces, alt. ag m, ohn Apr. 1983, C. Luer, J. Luer & R. peat ok Union, San Bartolo, alt. 2400 m 73 Nov. | ate LC: ya seine s.n. (JAUM, SEL). ‘Cade de San Miguel, pg tegen Escobar et Escobar et al. s. AUM); between Anserma and sicaatse alt. 2100 m, “14 of This species without close relatives is endemic in the Central _ Colombia where it was collected independently about wit er’s collection was the early 1880's, by both Kalbreyer and Schmidtchen. . asap? *s herbari- destroyed in Berlin, but Schmidichen’s collection exists it "© tne species. um in Vienna. For unknown reasons bee failed ‘ 8 Pethaps he believed the twiisted tails to be an artefact. Fhe oter species ofthe Vegetatively indistinguishable from the majority 0 ick. tails genus, this single-flowered species is unique with the thi thickened along look like three cork-screws. The fleshy 2 ~ inal callus above veins within. The petals are not remarkable with © hil hypochile. the base. The lip is divided by marginal folds into an : si —— Masdevallia caudivolvula does not thrive in cultivalion. years afew years 1268 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM Plate 648. Masdevallia caudivolvula SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1269 EPILOGUE In the Foreword to this Part Five of the Systematics of Masdevallia, I naively stated that the treatment of the genus is now complete, but modified by adding *‘as of today.” It will never be complete. We often wonder what Lindley, Reichenbach, and Schlechter would have thought. New species are continually being discovered as the pristine forests of the Neotropics are invaded. As their habitats are destroyed, many other species still undescribed are being annihilated before ever reaching an authority. I might add that bureaucratic regulations now hamper the way from discovery to print. When I drew my first Masdevallia in 1975, I did not envision the Icones. Icones Pleurothallidinarum began first in Selbyana with illustrations I now discard as crude. The present series began in 1986 as a publication of the Missouri Botanical Garden, with Icones-2 being a broad over-view of the genus Masdevallia. As early as 1977, the idea of a publication with all species of Masdevallia was contemplated with Rodrigo Escobar. It seemed an impossible dream as we grappled in the dark. As the number of illustrations and familiarity with the genus grew, and techniques improved with the arrival of the personal computer, the ultimate goal no longer seemed unrealistic. ; ; A coffee-table series called Thesaurus Masdevalliarum with reproductions of watercolors in natural size in full color was begun in Germany in 1984. It — today with the 26th fascicle of A Treasure of Masdevallia by the Missouri Botanical Garden. The five volumes of Icones Pleurothallidinarum are a compilation be the species already found in the coffee-table tomes, as well as all the species a : included, for a grand total of about 500. Loose leaf editions of the Icones 0 ab : excellent way to keep current with the addition of new species, as well eer? changes and corrections. I wish you all well i orchids. n your enjoyment of one of the most intriguing genera of 1270 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM REFERENCES Brummit, R.K. & C.E. Powe, 1992. Authors of plant names. Os ashe emp ae Kew. Dopson, C.H., 2002. Native Ecuadorian Orchids, vol. 3. . Imprenta Mariscal, uador, 480-543. DRESSLER, R.L., 1981. Th i leieara ‘Coleone Press, Cam- ~----- 1993. Phylogeny and classification of the orchid family. Dioscorides Press, Portland, OR. Escopar, R., 1991. Posie Sree Orchids, vol. 2. Editorial Colina, Compajifa Litogr4phica Nacion- al S.A. » Medellin, 87. 1998. hans Combi Orchids, vol. 6. Editorial Colina, Compajfiia Litographica Nacion- al S.A., Medellin, 268- KRANZLIN F., 1925. M hi Masdevallia, Lothiania, Scaphosepalum, Cryptophor- anthus & Pseudoctomeria. sy say hai Nov. Regni Veg. ec 34: 197-201 Lawrence, G.H.M. et al., 1968. Botanico-Perodicum-Huntianum. Hunt Botanical Library, Pittsburgh, Luer, C.A., 1983-1995. Thesaurus Masde valliarum, 1-19, Verlag Helga Koniger, Munich, Germany. wostesaannne nee mehed uae Weasure of Masdevallia, 21- 26, Missouri i Bot. Gard. Missouri Bot Gard. 15: 35, 37. ~s---z==ce-=-~= 1986b. Icones Pleurothallidinarum II. Systematics of Masdevallia. Monogr. Syst. Bot. oneselagp ig 16: : 1-63. : Monogr. Syst Bot + oo - fel. DI 1.9921. tems, y phylo- genetic method. selene ret S710. PRIDGEON, A.M. & M.W. CHase, 200 A phylogenetic reclassification of Pleurothallidi Lindleyana 16(4): 235-271. H.G., f., 1854-1900, Xenia Orchidaceae, vols. I-III. ee cate a 107-117. ul, a better term for the pleurothallid ‘secondary stem.” : - Manual of Wituiams, B.S. & H., 1894. The ou . gTower’s emacs Masievillid. Woo warp, F., 1896. The genus Masdevallia. The The Marquess nope Newbattle Abbey, Scotland. SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1271 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Over the nearly 30 years during which information was gathered for this five- part treatment of the genus Masdevallia, I have received generous help from numerous persons and various sources. I hope I have not overlooked too many. For nomenclatural advice I thank Dan Nicolson of the Smithsonian Institution. As many times before, I thank Mrs. Amy McPherson, Kristin Pierce, and Phil and Ann Jesup for their meticulous reading of hundreds of pages of text. I thank the following herbaria which were consulted: AAU, AMES, B, BAS, BM, BR, BREM, C, G, GB, HAL, HBG, JAUM, JE, K, L, LD, LE, LPB, LZ, M, MO, NY, P, QCA, QCNE, QPLS, S, SEL, US, VEN, and W. I owe especial grati- tude to Phillip Cribb, Gustavo Romero, James Solomon, and Bruno Wallnéfer for many kindnesses extended to me on repeated visits to K (Kew), AMES, MO, and W (Vienna) respectively. I owe immense gratitude for access to the living collections of J & L Orchids of Cordelia Head, Marguerite Webb, and Lucinda Winn, Easton, CT; Colomborqui- deas of Juan Felipe and Ligia Posada, El Retiro, Colombia; Finca Dracula of Andres Maduro, Cerro Punta, Panama; Orchideeénkwerkerij of Ton Sijm, Venhui- zen, Holland; Royden Orchids of Roy and Denise Barrow, Great Missenden, UK; Orquideas Peruanas of Manuel Arias, Lima, Peru; Orquideas del Valle of Andrea Niessen and Juan Carlos Uribe, Cali, Colombia; Ecuagenera of José Portilla and family, Gualaceo, Ecuador; Will Rhodehamel of Hoosier Orchids, Indianapolis, IN; and the British National Collection of Pleurothallids maintained by Stephen Man- ning, Tarporley, UK. I am equally grateful for the generous help from many people, some far more than others, but listed in alphabetical order: Father Angel Andreetta of Paute, Ecuador; Dr. Moises Behar of Guatemala; Richard Burian of Portland, OR; : and Martine Cloes, Hasselt, Belgium; Dennis D’ Alessandro of Beaver, — Calaway Dodson of Sarasota, FL; Dr. Robert Dressler of Micanopy, cla a Dukes and Bill Thoms of Brandon, FL; Peter and Gail Furniss of apeoaeis Luiz Diego Gémez of San José, Costa Rica; Johan and Clare puniwad: Phil UK; Juan del Hierro of Quito, Ecuador; Rudolf Jenny of Bern, Swi : ea le and Ann Jesup of Bristol, CT; Louis Jost of Bafios, Ecuador, apa ig 0 Malo of Koniger of Munich, Germany; John Leathers of Berkeley, CA; ao pa Cuenca, Ecuador; Monica and Fernando Navarro of es or, Ly O’ Shaughnessy of Howell, MI; Pieter Oversteegen eens f Wageningen, Malli and Vera Lee Rao of Wilmington, DE; Tineke — : age The Netherlands; Dr. Isaias Rolando of Lima, Peru; yet aacat Palo Alto, Middleburg, FL; Jan Sénnemark of Halmstad, Sweden; f Portland, OR; Shigenobu CA; Walter Teague of San Francisco, CA; Ken —S Ganmeny. Tsubota of Pereira, Colombia; and Berthold hone SE aha, Alexander C. I especially thank Rodrigo Escobar R. of Mede Santa Cruz, Bolivia, for their Hirtz of Quito, Ecuador, and Roberto Vasquez a a countries for i le invaluable help and companionship in their eee Dalstrém, also for his field trips for over a quarter of a century. I i his =e in inking my illustra- companionship on numerous field trips, aS hens = e by generous contributions tions for the past ten years, which was Sarg 7 but not least, there is Jane my from members of the Pleurothallid Alliance. a hose incalculable support and best friend and companion for 58 years, withoet © devotion, I could not have produced these w 1272 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM GLOSSARY OF ABBREVIATIONS AND TERMS AAU, Herbarium Jutlandicum, Botanical Institute, University of Aarhus. acuminate, the margins of the leaf or floral p t d tt pex, tapering toa point. acute ppli As el ip Lek 1 Cc Qo al part, oh. 74 at g alt., altitude, th ber of b level Amer. Orchid Soc. Bull., Bulletin of the American Orchid Society. AMES, the Orchid Herbarium of Oakes Ames, Cambridge, MA. annulus, an ob i jing th icaul at th f the inflorescence. J o Pe | stene anther, the apical part of th ollinia. anther cap, the operuculate apiculate, ith the aney + covering of the pollinia. attenuate, long-acuminate. B, Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum, Berlin-Dahlem. AS, Herbarium, Botanisches Institut, Universitat Basel. basionym, a name in a different genus or other combination upon which a later name or callus, a thickening, a protuberance, or one or more keels on the disc of the lip. capitate, enlarged or globose at the apex. capsule, a fruit that dries and opens at maturity, shedding numerous seeds. carina, a low lamella or k 1, an elongated thickeni a carinate, with a carina or carinae. i thickened, firm and tough, like cartilage. caudate, as applied to the floral parts, the apex terminating in a tail, caudicle, the narrowed tip of a pollinium. » with prominent glandular or capitate cells, with a cobble-stone appear- & Vaillis, ance, ciliate, with hairs (cilia) on the margin. cleft, channeled ag Sulcate, with a longitudinal groove. COL, Herbario Nacional, Bogoté, Colombia. a the central structure of the flower composed of the united style and the filaments of column-foot, the extension of the base of the column to which the lip is attached. ian of the leaves, with a Single, midline fold. congested, densely flowered, the flowers closely spaced. connate, inseparable, or united. es texture. Costate, with longitudinal, raised ridges; ribbed. crested, with irregular, longitudinal lamellae. toothed. dept., a department, a political division of a country. doncan, k: the upper surface of the central portion of the lip. SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1273 epiphytic, growing upon another plant, but not parasitic. filamentous, filiform, slender as a hair or thread. floral bract, the bract subtending a pedicel. G, Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville Genéve. Gard. Chron., the Gardeners’ Chronicle. gen., genus, genera (pl.), the taxonomic category including sf ial name. glabrous, smooth, without hairs. HAL, Herbarium, Sektion Biowissenschaften, Martin-Luther-Universitat, Halle. HBG, Herbarium, Institut fiir Allgemeine Botanik, Ham! herbarium, a collection of pressed, dried and mounted specimens of plants. holotype, the specimen upon which the taxon is based. hypochile, the basal portion of a divided lip. inflorescence, the single flower, or a raceme of flow isotype, any duplicate of the holotype, that is, any pres that is part of the same collec- tion as the holotype JAUM, the herbarium of ‘Joaquin Antonio Uribe,”’ Medellin. JE, Herbarium Haussknecht, Friedrich-Schiller-Universitat, Jena. K, the herbarium of the Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew. Kraenzl., Fritz Kranzlin, German taxonomist. L, Rijksherbarium, Leiden, The Netherlands. LD, Herbarium, Botanical Museum, Lund, rig LE, Komarov Botanical Institute, St. Petersb lamella, a tall carina or keel, a plate-like Pee. or callus ( lamellae). lamellate, with a lamella or lamellae. lamina, the blade of a leaf, sepal(s), or petal: the fi tt ata hinom. a callus may include many lax, loose, the inflorescence laxly or loosely tek the flowers distantly _. a lectotype, a specimen selected from among original specimens as the type jotype was cited, : ; Lehm., Friedrich Carl Lehmann, German engineer and consul in Popay4n, Colombia. lip, the labellum, the modified third _. LPB, Herbario Nacional de Bolivi : sine LZ, Wissenschaftsbereich rosonmietkolg und Botanischer Garten, Leipzig. M, Herbarium, Botanische Staatssammlung, Munchen. ee m, meter, meters, the metric unit of length oa centimeters) equal to 39.37 t about 1 yards. MO, the herbarium of the Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis. ene a specimen selected as the type when all original specimens aaa ’ nerve, vein, the longitudinal line or lines within the floral parts, represent! ascular dles NY, the herbarium of the New York Botanical ae eee ee obovate, egg-shaped in outline, widest between OF an angle more than obtuse, applied to the tip of the leaf or floral part, the sides meeting 90°. ovary, the part of the flower that develops into — middle. ovate, nop in outline, widest between . aetny g’Histoire Naturelle, Paris. pandurate, violin-shaped, narrowest near the middle. Papillose, covered with papillae or ripple a pedicel, the stem of an individual flower. peduncle, the stem that bears a solitary flow ower or a raceme. 1274 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM pollinium, pollinia (pl.), compact masses of pollen produced in the anther (two in Masdeval- lia). prov., a province, a political division of a country. pubescent, more or less covered with hairs, pyriform, pear-shaped. QCA, Herbario, Departamento de Biologia, Pontificia Universidad Catdlica, Quito. QCNE, Herbario, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Quito. QPLS, Herbario P. Luis Sodiro, Biblioteca Ecuatoriana Aurelio Espinosa Polit, Quito. raceme, an unbranched i ; rachis, the axis or stem of the inflorescence beyond the peduncle. ramicaul, the “ stem,” the aerial, leaf-bearing stem, applied only to pleurothallids. Rehb. f., Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach, filius, German taxonomist, and son of. repent, creeping, as applied to an elongated rhizome, as opposed to ‘ ‘caespitose.”’ resupinate, the er bearing the lip lowermost. rhizome, the harisrnta? ct 4 P ¢ ao ribbed, with longitudinal cost idges; costate. the minute flap between the anther and the stigma. S, Herbarium, Botany Department, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm. saccate, sacklike, or deeply concave. Schitr., Friedrich Richard Rudolf Schlechter, German taxonomist. sect., subsect., section, subsection, divisions of a genus. es of successive ramicauls. sheaths, the thin, leaflike structures enveloping the lower portions of the ramicauls. spathulate, Spoon-shaped, an ovate or obovate blade with a narrow stalk. species, Species (pl.), a population or a group of interbreeding or potentially interbreeding Populations that share genetic features, and are separated by barriers from other populations; sem. generaltermappidtthe nen sie binomial name the stemlike base of the leaf (petiole), the “secondary stem”’ (ramicaul), or the rhizome. Stigma, the receptive Part of the column on the undersurface. subacute, acute, the angle of the apex onl slightly less than 90°. » 4 division of a section. Successive, of a raceme, the flowers maturing in succession, as opposed to simultaneously. channeled, with a longitudinal groove, synonym, an alternate (usually Superseded) name. Syntype, any one or more secimems cited by an author when no holotype was designated. tail, a cauda, the elongated, narrow apex of a flower part y; 4 le} M the: stiewiss f ion and classification: s stematics. terete, cylindrical, round in cross ion. ae truncate, as though cut off transversely at the apex. US co } a : ni ational Herbarium, Smithsonian Institution, W. hington, DC + Herbario Nacional de pe ae ventral, on the underside. warty. W_ the hechan: te f the Naturhistorisct Museum in Vienna (Wien). winged, of the Ovary, with tall, longitudinal keels, soon SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1275 CHECK LIST OF THE SPECIES, SUBSPECIES, VARIETIES AND ATURAL HYBRIDS ATTRIBUTED TO THE GENUS MASDEVALLIA M. abbreviata Rchb.f., Ecu., Peru M. acaroi Luer & Hirtz, Ecu. M. acrochordonia Rchb.f., Ecu. . adamsii Luer, Belize M. gpa oa M. affinis subsp. sera (Schitr.) Luer = M. laevis subsp. gens or ) Luer = M. laevis M. agaste tahualpa Luer, Peru M. atropurpurea Rchb.f. (sphalm.) = M. auropurpurea M. aborubeas teat ex Woolw. nomen nudum M. atrosanguinea B.S. Wiliams = M. cnecines = M. mooreana Lue: M. Koniger, . aguirrei “pak 4 Hoiaoe Col. aurantiaca Lindl. = M. infracta M. albella Luer & Teague, Ecu. M. aurea Luer, Ecu. M. albicans Luer = Dryadella albicans (Luer) Luer _M. aureodactyla Luer = M. pore M. albida Lem. = M. infracta M. aureolutewm Godefroy = Mi.” M. alexandri Luer, ee M. aure Weberbauer = M. bicolor ah aahaty M. auriculi, gera Rchb.f. = Dryadella auriculigera M. allenii L.O. Williams = Trisetella triglochin (Rchb-f.) (Rchb.f.) Luer M. auro, pacenpatecnocingere Xalvaroi Luer & Escobar, Col. . aurorae Luer & M.W. Chase, M. amabilis Rchb.f. & Warsz., Peru M. aviceps Rehbf. = Dryadella M. amaluzae Luer & Malo, Ecu (Rehb-f.) Luer ial Rchb.f., Ven., Col., Ecu M. ayabacana Luer, M. ee) Rch o amethysti- mye ie = Dracula chimaera or unladen Luer & Hirtz, Ecu. M. bangii Schitt., apg ee M. amoena Luer, Ecu. M. barlaeana Sea M. amplexa Luer, Peru BM. hence ee a M. am Luer & Andreetta, Ecu. . bathyschisia SCO: © 4 ella (Rchb.f) Luer M. anachaeta Rchb.f., Col., Ecu., Peru, Bol. M. bella Rchb-f. pny M. anaristella Kraenzl. = Barbosella M. belua Koniger & D Risse edict (Kraenzl.) Garay M. benedictii : segs pas HZ Oe alan. Foe M. anchorifera Rchb.f. = Scaphosepalum anchor- M. bennettii Luer, antec, Bow iferum (Rch' M. berthae Luer ee Ven., Col., Ecu., Peru, Bol. M. andre = Dracula andreettae (Luer) Luer Me oe te Luer, Ecu E. Morr. =M. M. anemone Luer, angst M. biflora not Morr. = M. anfracta Koni niger, M. bflora Rear Or 1) Garay = M. platypiosss M. angulata Rchb f., or , Ecu. page aE M. angulifera Rchb.f. ex Kraenzl., Col. M bland ee arien ex André = M. ignes M. anomala Luer & Sijm, Peru x valve Schitr., Bol. M. antioquiensis Lehm. & Kraenzl. = M molossus epee haea (Luer & Vasquez) Luer = M. antonii Kéniger, Peru once M. anura =M. es M. ‘ Fiske = Dracula lotax (Luer) Luer M. aops Luer & Malo = M. —e Col., Ecu., Peru M. aperta Kraenzl.= tripterantha Rchb.{M. bomplandl 2°" 4. ata M. * M. borucana 3 Ecu. aphanes Koniger, , Peru M. bottae Luer & M. apparitio Luer & Escobar, Col - Ecu. M. approviata Hort. ex Woolw. = M. coccmea ; Mohr = M. teaguel rc , Col. apnea ., Bol. M. argus Rchb. ex Kraenzl. = Zootrophion argus prachyura Lehm. & Kraenzl., Eco. es Ge L Me ore i Schltr. ex Hoehne = aviceps M. ariasii I Mer, Perm M. peep M. aristata Barb.Rodr. = M. infracta ae saneri Luer, Ecu. M. armeniaca B.S.Williams = M. coccinea Mr hrovis Rchb.. = Scaphosepalum breve M. arminii Linden & Rchb-f., Col. (Rchb£.) Rolfe M. aspera Rchb.f. ex Kraenzl. = M. calagrasalis Luer, M. callifera Schitr = Dracula hantt Luer M. calocalix Luer, Ecu. M. Gee ee en M. caloptera Rch M. dikehcuneed aeace o = M. amanda Luer, M. calosiphon Peru M. calura Rchb.f., C_R. eg Kraenzl. = corniculata M. campyloglossa Rchb.f. Col., Ecu., Peru M. candida Lindl. = ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM M. chloracra Rchb.f. = M. «Sag M. chlorotica Kraenzl. = M. laevis M. chontalensis Rchb.f., C.R., Pan. M. chrysochaete Lehm. & Kraenzl & Escobar, Col. M. cocapatae Laer, —— & oe Bol. M. coccinea x Lindl., M. colibri Burbidge = M. trochilus M. collantesii D.E.Benn. & ai Peru M. collins LO. Mirra nia M. All, Dp, 3 oa mordax mordax (Rchb.f ) Sweet M. colossus Luer, Ec cUu., & Hirtz, Ecu. . laevis & Endl., Ecu., Peru constricta Pi Poepp. subsp. ortgiesiana apse = M. campyloglossa M. copiosa Kraenzl. = M. hians M. corazonica Sc M. Suadile Klatieei Rit eee ein =M. M. capillaris Luer = = M. plantaginea ote ri Rchb.f. = = Dracula inaequalis (Rchb.f.) = M. caudata om eerninnien Kraenzl., Col. Schltr., Ecu. Peru Seoaigra Ecu. M. Co bE subsp. bonplandii auee 1 dL Leer = M. bonplandii M. corniculata Rchb.f., Col., var. amen es. M. corniculata M. cosmia Koniger & Sijm, Peru M. costaricensis Rolfe = M. cranion Luer, Peru i Luer & J-Portilla, Ecu Me couscnie Luer & J.Portilla, sphalgm. = M. crenulata Pabst = Dryadella crenulata (Pabst crescenticola Lehm. & Kraenzl., Col., Ecu. M. cretata Luer, Ecu. M. cryptocopis Rchb.f. ex Kraenzl. = M. picturata M. cucullata Lindl, Col., Ecu. M. cucuti is Kraenzl. - = M. caudata M. culex hort. = Pl h M. cuprea Lindl., Guay, Suriname, Fr. Guay., Ven. subsp. hepatica (Luer) L 2. D-hh f SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1277 M. deformis Kraenzl., Ecu. M. estradae Rchb-.f., Col. subsp. exaltata Luer = M. deformis var. delicata = M. estradae . delhierroi Luer & Hirtz, Col. var. ludibunda = M. ludibunda M. delphina Luer, Ecu. var. xanthina = M. deltoidea Luer = Dracula deltoidea (Luer) Luer M. eucharis Luer, M. demissa Rchb.f., C.R. M. eumeces Luer, Peru M. deniseana Luer & J.Portilla, Ecu. M. eumeliae Luer, Peru M. denisonii Dombrain = M. coccinea M. eurynogaster Luer & Andreetta, Ecu. M. densiflora Schitr. M. exaltata Luer = M. M. deorsum Rolfe = M. caesia M. excelsior Luer & Andreetta, Ecu. M. dermatantha Kraenzl. = M. campyloglossa M. exigua Ames & C.Schweinf. = M. pygmaea descendens Luer & Andree u. M. exilipes Schitr. = M. klabochiorum M. diantha Schitr. = M. chon expansa Rchb.f, M. didyma Luer = Trisetella didyma (Luer) Luer M. expers Luer & Andreetta, Ecu. M. hotricha Luer & Hirtz, Ecu. exquisita Luer & Hirtz, Bol discoidea & Wiirstle, Brazil = falcago ne Col. M. discolor Luer & Escobar, Col fasciata dispar Luer = M. M. felix Luer = Dracula felix (Luer) Luer - diversifolia Kraenzl. = M. parvula M. fenestrata oe in (1 ) Luer (Lindl.) Luer dolichopoda Luer = Dryadella dolichopoda M. fertilis Kraenzl. = M. campyloglossa wise See M. don-quijote Luer & Andreetta, Ecu. : : M. derbi Ha Ecu. M. filaria Luer & Escobar, Col., agg ma ee . draconis Luer & Andreetta, Ecu. M. fimbriata &C 2 M. dreisei Luer, Ecu. setosa C.Schweint. M. dressleri Lee = Trisetella dressleri (Luer) Luer _M. fissa Kraenal. = M. Ww uer & Escobar, Col M. Se ae anol M. dudleyi . uer, M. resent pt a Mi imabexeliteh Exes , Ven M. flava (hort. ex : dette ten ee ae tl Hond, El Sal., Nic.,C.R. M. dynastes 7 M. eburnea — Maduro, Pan . een eo . M. ecuadata Schitr. = M. tubuliflora M. foeda Luet & “ (Rchb. f.) Garay ana Kraenzi M. echinata Luer & Andreetta = M. rosea subsp. ee eresosa Luer & Coes, Peru M. echinocarpa Schitr. = M. erinacea M. fosters Le OT Kraenzi., Ecu. M. echo Luer, Peru Se ok M. eclyptrata Kraenzl (sphalm.) = specs Me mannii Luer & Vésquez, Bol . eduardii Reh f= Perregiean oleae M. Ses ais Krocazi. « M. herraderae (Rchb.f.) Swee M. fuchsii Luer, Peru oe = Dryadela wali (Cogn) Lae ae baad .sa Luer = Dracula radiella (Luer) M. elachys Luer, = fulvescens Rolfe, M. elata Luer = Dryadelia elata (Ler) Lue ae aa avbris Endres ex Kraenzi. = M. reichen- M. elegans Luer & Escobar, Peru ~~ biscotti chb.f. & Warsz., leata Linden = M. pachysepala Rchb.. = M. pachysepala MM celectiona Rich. & Gal. = M. Soribunde M. des meant = M. peristeria |. garciae Luer, Ven. M. empusa Ecu., Peru M.cargantua Reh... Col ih cinteces ence ae, Mhybr. M. qastelliana Rchb-. = Dracula erythrochacte M. encephala Luer & Escobar, Col. " (Rchb.f.) Luer M. endotrachys Kraenzl. = M. coriacea subsp. M. geminiflora P. Ortiz, Col., Ecu. M. ta Rehb-f. = Trisetella gemmata on ensata Rchb-f., Ven. " (Rchb.f.) Luer - Luer & Cloes, Peru riachii Koniget = macrogie M. ephippium Rchb.f. =M. trochilus M. ge Rchb.f, = Scaphosepalum gibberosum Var. ac (Rchb-f.) Rolfe gigas M. erinacea Rohb.f., C.R., Pan., Col, Eou. M. gigas Luer & Andrectta = Dracula M. erythrochaete f. (Luer & Andreetta) Luer a zi f nh iota ecpirite- M. gilbertoi Luer & : M. glandulosa Koniger, Ecu., Peru M. glomerosa Andreetta, Ecu. M. gloriae Luer & Maduro, Pan. M. glossacles Luer = M. mentosa M. gnoma S Ecu. Lehm. & Kraenzl laevis M. gorgo Rchb.f. = Dracula astuta (Rchb.f.) Luer M =. D.~.kLk& ee. Re 7 4 -f.) Luer M. gracilior Kéniger & J.Portilla = M. lenae M. , Ecu. M. grandiflora C.Schweinf. = M. M. horrida Teuscher & Garay = — M. if ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM M. icterina Koniger, Peru M. idae Luer & Arias, Peru M. ignea Rchb.f., Col. multiple varieties oe M. im uer & Escobar, Col., Ecu., Ven. M. inaequalis bh f. = Dracula inaequalis (Rehb.f.) Lue: M. indecora ce & Escobar, Col. M. inflata Rchb.f. = M. corniculata M. infracta Lindl. a infracta Dade \¥ M. infracta subsp. ner subsp. obscurans Luer = M. obscurans gy oscitans Luer = M. ar. aristata Barb.Rodr. = M. infracta var. purpurea Rchb.f. = .f. as tricolor ( iricolor dincommea lee vse nzl.) Garay M. janetiae Luer = Dracula janetiae (Luer) Luer M. jarae Luer, Peru M. jimenezii Koniger = M. empusa . johannis Schitr. = Didsade vasl exehape (Rolfe) Luer M. josei M. SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA M. leucantha Lehm. & Kraenzl M. leucophaea Luer & Vasquez = =M. boliviensis " Cogn.) |B subsp. maxilimax (Luer) Luer = =M. M. lindeniana A. ae se = M. floribunda M. lindenii André = M M. linearifolia Ames = "Dryadella linearifolia Ames) M. lineolata Kéniger, Peru M. lintricula Kéniger, Ecu., M. livingstoneana Rchb.f., tay es, Col. M. lotax Luer = Dracula lotax (Luer) Luer M. lowii Rolfe = Dracula platycrater (Rchb.f.) Luer M. lychniphora Koéniger, Peru (Rehb.f.) Luer_ ‘5 tale £ < } dactylum (Rchb.f.) Rolfe M. Luer & Escobar, Col. - maduroi Luer, Pan. manchinazae Luer & Andreetta, M. maxilimax (Luer) Luer, M. maxillariiformis Lehm. & ‘e Kraenzl. = M. strumi- fera M. mayaycu Luer & Hirtz, Ecu. M. medellinensis Kraenzl. = Dracula radiosa (Rchb.f.) Luer 1279 M. medinae Luer & J.Portilla, Ecu. M. medusa Luer & Escobar, Col. M. megaloglossa Luer & Escobar = M. vargasii M - JI:. Dahkk £ Te A B, — mentosa Luer, Ecu. ted ae & heen See: M. metallica Lehm, & Kraenzl. = M. caesia M. M. nicaraguae Luer, M. nidifica Rehb-f. CR. Pan. Col, Eow. '& R_Escobar) Luer & REscobar, Col. M. nivalis Rchb.f. ex Kraenzl. nome n nudum = M. hians pope eno Ven., Col., Brazil =M. a gar goo al 1g Palmensis Kraenzl. = M. fasciata Panamensis (Schitr.) Ames = = M. livingstoneana Schweinf ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM M. patchicutzae Luer & Hirtz, Ecu. M. patriciana Luer, Ecu. M. patula Luer & oad Ecu. M. paulensis Barb. Rodr. = Dryadella aviceps a -f) Luer re eristeria R chb.f. subsp. fe ihaidinaticés (Rchb.f.) Luer = peristeria M. pernix Koniger, Peru M. perpusilla gga = Dryadella perpusilla (Kraenzl.) Lu M. persicina L ver, Ec M. peruviana Rolfe = = M. bicolor M. & Escobar, Col. M. petiolaris Schitr. = M. laevis phacopsis Luer & Dalstrém, Bol. M. petra Rob CR. Pan., Col., Ven., Ecu., fe rhe Cogn. = M. picturata subsp. minor (Cogn.) Luer = M. Ppicturata M. pileata Luer & Pari Col M. pinocchio Luer & Andreetta, se = pinhedinels Lia Luer & Escobar, C (Poepp. & Endl.) aig Peru, Ecu. ie arp Rchb.f. = Dracula platycrater (Rchb M. pres aaee Rchb.f., Col., Ecu. M oh L: Di 4h. Wee. Var. crassic; Rchb.f. = M. subsp. spathulifolia (Kraenzl.) Luer = M. polysticta M. popayanensis & (Rchb.f.) Luer popowiana Koniger & J.G.Weinm., Peru M. porcelliceps Rchb.f. = M. macroglossa Var. sulphurea = M. porphyrea Luer, Ecu. M. portillae Luer & M. posadae Luer & Escobar, Col., Peru M. pozoi Koniger, Ecu, M. princeps Luer, Peru M. prodigiosa Koniger, Peru ty, Prolixa Luer, Peru M. pseudominuta Sweet = M. kyphonantha M. psittacina Rchb f. = Dracula psittacina (Rchb.f) & Escobar M. psyche Luer = Dracula psyche (Luer) Luer M. pteroglossa Schitr., Col. M. pterygiophora Luer & Escobar, Col. SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1281 M. pulcherrima Luer & Andreetta, Ecu. M. rufescens Kéniger, Ecu., Peru M. pulex hort. ex reo (sphalm.) = Pleurothallis M. rufolutea Lindl. = M. picea blepharis : ; M. pulvinaris Rchb f. Se hustion aaa M. sanchezii Luer & Andreetta, Ecu. (Rchb.f.) Rolfe M. sanctae-fidei Kraenzl., Ven., Col. apes "oepp. & Endl., Col., Ecu., Peru,Bol M. sanctae-inesiae Luer & Malo, Ecu. “(Rchb. f.) “a M. sanguinea Luer & Andreetta, Ecu. M. purpurella Luer & Escobar subsp. purpurella, M. santiagodrum K6niger = M. aurea Col. M. sarcophylla Kraenzl. = M. campyloglossa subsp. nivea Luer & Escobar = M. purpurella M. saulii Kéniger = M. fuchsii i purpurina na Schltr. = M. amabilis M. scabrilinguis Luer, Pan., C.R. Nh n. (Dalfel\ly M. Luer, Ecu. “ ete Rchb.f. = Dryadella poeels (Rchb: "f ) Luer re scandens Rolfe, Bol. M. pygmaea Kraenzl., C.R., Col M. scapha Braas = M. M. pyknosepala Luer & Cloes, iat M. sceptrum Rehb.f., Col., Ven. M. pyxis Luer, Peru M. schildhaueri Koniger = M. ensata M. quasimodo Luer & Teague, Bol. M. schizantha Kraenzl., Col. nn M. quilichaoénsis Lehm. & Kraenzl. = Dracula M. schizopetala Kraenzl., C.R. Pan., Col., r (Rchb-f.) Luer M. schizostigma Luer, Peru . racemosa Lindl., Col. M. schlimii Linden ex Lindl. M. radiosa Rchb cn “Dracula radiosa (Rchb.f) Luer _var. polyantha (Lindl.) Woolw. = M. schlisnil . rafaeliana L er, C. R., var. sceptrum (Rehb.f.) Woolw. = M. sceptrum M. rana-aurea un = i M. schmidt-mummil Luer oo ? M. rauhii Senghas & Braas = M. mezae Ee melons M. receptri Vv ol. schoonenii Luer, M. ties a ‘ M. schroederae Boos (sphalm.)= M. seprosderians M. M. Sander ex Veitch, a“ ade aas Luer — Dalstrom, Peru va. fulvescen ie) K |. = M. fulvescens M. reflexa Schltr. = M. cupularis | Luer, gah M. regina Luer, Peru M. scitula — a M. reichenbachiana Endres ex Rchb.f., CR. M. scobina Luer & Esso a var. aurantiaca Rchb-f. = M. reichenbachiana M. scopaea -. hp ' — var. apr (Endres ex Kraenzl.) Kraenzl. M. segrex Luer Col. FT cae sy asckaegs = M. amanda M. selenites KOniger, M. renzii Luer, Col. M. scsnineres Leer & pices saint od cain giae M. peers = M. chimaera (Rehb.f.) Luer replicata nab atl Peru M. senilis Luer & Teague, Bol. i restrepioidea Kraenzl. = M. fasciata M. ser et & Escobar, Col., Ecu. olan Koniger, Ec Me eereata Luer & Andreetta, Ecv. M. rex Luer & Hirtz, Ecu. M, sertuls carb. Rodr. = Dryadella aviceps M. rhinophora Luer & Escobar, Col. M. ss = M. rhodehameliana Luer, Peru Cava Luer & Malo, Ec. Peru M. rhopalura Schltr. = molossoides Te eal, Bal M. richardsoniana Luer, Peru M. setipes nb, = Dracula severa (Rchb.f) Ler mesg gta M. vargasii piper Koni 2 MAS ricii Luer & Vasquez, Bol a eae = M. rigens Luer, . sentonete Raat = M. caudata M. rimarima-alba aye va Koniger = M. posadae Luer ~ riograndensis hort. = ei sp. . Luer robusta Luer, Ecu. ; eimula Rehb-f. = Dryadella simula M. rodolfoi (Braas) Luer subsp. rodolfoi, Peru = simulatrix subsp. ortalis (Luer) Luer = M. ortalis . roe: : M. roezlii Rchb.f. = See ooein roealii (Rohb-f) LUet wig ; Schitr. = Dracula soe M. rolandorum Bol. Luer & Sijm, Peru soennemarkii Luer & Dalstrim. -vipceucarpde garenqeeatl M. solomon Lucr & Vésave7 50 subsp. Tas & Andreett) Luer, Col, pz. sre = psi ee MS XM. Doris i ee €) Let - rothschildiana — ME corazonica Jost tnueans. M. ii — ry nadia M. ta’ terborchii M. theleiira Luer, Ecu. M. thienii Dodson, C.R., Pan., Col., Ecu. —— Vasquez, Bol. , Peru M. Schitr. = Dracula M. tricolor Rchb.f. 1849, Col. = = M. caudata M. tricolor Rchb.f. 1882 (sphalm.) = Dracula ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM M. tricolor hort. = M. coccinea M. tricycla Luer, M. tridactylites Rchb.f. = Trisetella triglochin (Rchb.f. M. sanesahey Se ‘Trisetella triglochin (Rchb.f.) Luer , Col., Ecu. Kraenzl. M. trinema Rchb.f. = Dracula velutina (Rchb.f.) M. triseta Rchb.f. ex Kraenzl. glochin (Rchb.f.) Luer M. trivenia epic = M. paq M. trochilus Lind. & André, Col., Ecu., Peru = Dracula benedictii = Trisetella tri- M. truncata I uer, Ecu M. tsubotae Lu py M. tubata Schitr., Bo M. promt e Rchb.f. EE e ese ‘abelitisire Ames, Guat., Belize, Hond., Nic., C.R. , Peru M. tubulosa Lindl., Ven, Col., Ecu. subsp. syringodes (Luer & ‘Andreetta) Luer = M. tu urosalpinx M. urostachya Rchb.f. = M. sceptrum M. ustulata Luer, pine Ecu., Peru Prat cr sare piss Escober, Col. vampira Luer = (Luer) Luer a. poate C.Schweinf., Col., Ecu., Peru, Bol., Brazil Luer, Cie M. velichiona Rchb. var. biflora Rchb. ri M. veitchiana var. grandiflora B.S.Williams = M. veitchiana velella Luer. M. F M. Rchb.f., Col. M. velox Koniger = M. dalessandroi M. i = Dracula velutina (Rchb.f.) M. venatoria Luer & agees Ecu. M. venezuelana Sweet, M. venosa Bales seeks vines Gils) Luer SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1283 M. verecunda Luer, M. wuerstlei Luer, Col. M. verrucosa Rchb. es " Gcuplcoaaton verrucosum M. wurdackii C.Schweinf., Peru (Rchb.f.) Pfitz M. xanthina Rchb-f., bps Ecu. M. versicolor hort. = M. coccinea var. pallida Woolw. = M. xanthina M. vespertilio Rchb.f. = Dracula vespertilio subsp. Habochlonses (Rchb.f.) Luer = M, (Rchb.f.) Luer M. vexillifera Luer, Peru subsp. pallida (Woolw.) Luer = M. xanthina M. vidua Luer & Andreetta, Ecu. subsp. mandarina Luer & Escobar = M. M. vieirana Luer & Escobar, Col M. villegasii Kéniger, Col. M. virens Luer & Andreetta, Ecu. M. xanthura Schitr. = M. bicolor encae Luer & Ecu. & Kraenzl. = M. pteroglossa M. vittata Luer = Trisetella vittata (Luer) Luer M. ximenae Luer & Hirtz, Ecu. M. vittatula Luer & Escobar, Col., Ecu M. xipheres Rchb.f BH M. vomeris Luer, Peru (Rehb.f.) Schltr. M. vulcanica Lehm. & Kraenzl. = M. anachaeta M. xiphium nny ex Kraenzl. = M. ensata . wageneriana Linden ex Lindl., Ven M. Rehb. = var. colombiana Braas = it meee sees DRE aT ee Var. ec rensis Braas = M. persicina os var. pteroglossa (Schitr.) Braas = M. pteroglossa seonjaiaies tablonls var. rodolfoi Braas = M. rodolfoi veer eciecdon (Laer & Visque) Lae = M. M. wallisii Rchb.f. = Dracula wallisii (Rchb.f.) Luer M. walteri Luer, C.R. M. — Kraenzl., C.R., Pan., Col., weberbaueri sais Peru, Ecu. ZS a Ecu. M. wendlandiana Rchb.f., Brazil, Col., Bol., Peru, zapatae heen Col. Ecu., Col , M. whiteana Luer, Ecu., Peru M. zebrina Porsch = Dryadella zebrina (Porsch) i (Rchb. ¥) Luer Luer d Bol. M. woolwardiae Lehm. & Kraenzl. = = Dracula M. en * uae, woolwardiae sages & Kraenzl.) Luer M. zumbae apeng em M. Xwubbenii Luer, V M. zumbuehlerae ;. - wue ifinghoffiana Luer & J.Portlla, Ecu. M. zygia Luer & Malo, Ecu. 1284 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM SPECIES OF OTHER GENERA DESCRIBED IN MASDEVALLIA Masdevallia albicans Luer = Dryadella Masdevallia kautskyi Pabst = Dryadella Masdevallia allenii L.O. Williams = = Trisetella Masdevallia lactea Kraenzl. = Dracula Masdevallia lilliputiana Cogn. = Dryadella Masdevellia anaristella Kraenzl. =Barbosella Masdevallia linearifolia Ames = Dryadella Masdevell ro Luer co : pees Keacual:~ Berbenella ~ Masdevallia lo, = Dracula - at Greer een ex Kraeazl. = Zootrophion Masdevallia lowii Rolfe = Dracula ‘asdevallia astuta Rchb Masdevallia macrochila R el = Dracula Masdevallia aviceps (Rchb. Re Rebbs.= ko. ae M ia backhousiana = Dracula Masdevallia medellinensis Kraenzl. eee Masdevallia benedictii Rebbe = - Dracula Masdevallia meinacylliom Rchb.f. = Dryadella Masdevallia bradei Schitr. ex : Hoehne = Dryadella sip a lasdevallia mopsus Lehm. & Kraenzl. = Dracula Mi geana Rolfe = Dracula Masdevallia mordax Rchb.f. = Porrogh poets ia callifera Schitr. = Dracula asdevall, rae Lehm. & Kraenzl. = Dracula Mi allia oo Rchb f. = Dracula Masdevallia muscosa Rchb.f. = inka Masdevallia nycterina Rchb.f. = Dracula asdevallia carinata = Dryadella Masdevallia obrieniana Rolfe = Dryadella Masdevallia carpophora Kraenzl. = Pleurothallis icin I —— chestertonii Rchb.f. = Dracula 1: lia chimae Reht f£=D — yee Gan paranaénsis Schltr. = = Dryadella hate 1 lasdevallia paulensis Barb.Rodr. = Dryadella AAned. Masdevallia sapien (Schitr.) P.H. Allen Masdevallia perpusilla Kraenzl. = Dryadella ex Hodge & Gui Masdevallia platycrater Rchb. ran Dracula po Rt crenata abt rao Masdevallia polyphemus Luer = : ue Masdevallia popayanensis Lehm. & Kraenzl. lasdevallia dayana Rchb.f. = Zootrophion ie * — sige ‘gon coe acula Masdevallia psittacina Rchb.f. = Dracula Masdevallia dolichopoda Luer = Dryadella Seerraite pryche Lax = D Masdevallia echidna Rchb£. = Po Masdevallia pulex hort. ex. Rehb.f. = = Pleurothallis Pree itios —— Ni : Ts Porroglossum Masdevallia | punctata Rolfe = ee Masdevallia elata Luer = Dryadella Masdevallia pusilla Rolfe = M wae Masdevallia felix Luer = Dracula ne quilichaoénsis Lehm. & Kraenzl. Masdevallia radiosa Rchb.f. = Dracula = Zootrophi Masdevallia roezlii Rchb.f. = Dracula Masdevallia fuliginosa os Masdevallia senilis Rchb.f. = M ia gaskelliana Rchb.f. = Dracula Masdevallia sessilis Barb.Rodr. = Dryadella a sigas Luer & Andreetta = Dracula pea 09 shies star 2 Masdevallia gorgo Sn even Masdevallia simula Rchb.f. = Dryadella asdevall See oy la Masdevall < Diyeaen praia riage ripe iPisaeren Masdevallia sodiroi Schitr. = Dracula Mesievaile guatemalensis Schitr. = Dryadella Masdevallia spectrum Rehb.f.=Dracula asdevallia hornii Koniger = Pleurothallis Drya — houtteana Rchb.f. = Dracula Masdevaltia susanae Pabst = ‘Dryadella ‘asdevallia huebneri Schitr. = Trisetella ig Ls j Rchb.f. = Zootrophi Masdevallia tarantula Luer = Dracula Masdevallia inaequalis Rchb{. = Dracula Masdevallia alana Rchb. o4 Trisetella Masdevallia jalapensis Kraenzi.=Pleurothallis _#8devailia tric Masdevallia johannis Schitr. = Dracula Masdevallia psanleet Luer = Dracula Masdevallia kalbreyerianus taut Masdevallia trichaete Rchb.f. = Trisetella = Ornithocephalus ‘asdevallia SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1285 Masdevallia tricolor Rchb.f. = Dracula Masdevallia tridactylites Rchb.f. = Trisetella Masdevallia tubeana Rchb.f. = hb.f. = Masdevallia vampira Luer = Dracula Masdevallia velutina Rchb.f. = Dracula Masdevallia venosa Rolfe = = bh £ ¢ i. — Masdevallia vespertilio Rchb.f. = Dracula 3‘ Masdevallia wallisii Rchb.f. = Dracula Mane woolwardiae Lehm. ex Kraezl. asdevallia xipheres Rchb.f. = Porroglessum pre zebrina rina Porsch = Dryadella 1286 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM CUMULATIVE INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES for all five parts sma plantago arent 1127 Citrus oneoig- ta Masdevallia 1, 2, 6, 7, 265, 357, 365, 401, 431, 483, ie 823, 979, 980, 1009, 1099, 1 en. Amanda 3, 7,9, 10, 431, 1113, 1114, 1125, SI, 1173, 1183 subgen. 1,3, 7, 9, 10, 1185, 1186 . Fissia 1,3, 7,9, 10, 1113, 1199, 1200 subgen. Masdevallia ie eee 266, 369, 431, 781, 1049, 1097, 1 1211 subgen. Meleagris 3,7, 8, Hise ‘a. 1212, 1213, 1223, 1225, 1231 sealed eral 1, 7,9, 10, 1241, sect. Ophioglossae 1241 sect. Polyanthae 7,9, 10, 11, 12, 73, 223, 224, 227a, na 8, 10, 431, 432, 434 ct. 7, 8, 10, 265, 266, 1097 sect. Reichenbachianae 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 227a, 265, 266, 401, 409, seg 419, 419a, 633 a Saltatri wee 1113 ce 3, Sieneionk 3 781 soe oat tg 1 : 10, 265, 266, 759, 1099 sect. Tubulosae sect. Urceolares oe 1 sect. Zahlbruckneri 432, 434 subsect. Alaticaules 7, 12, 13, " 127, 223, 791, 917 oe 7, 519, 520, 665, 709, “781, 782, 784, a sa 823, hee 839, 847, 855, 865, 873, 879, aii 903, 917, 975 subsect. Coaetaneae 1, 7, 12, os subsect. Coccineae 7, 265, 519, 1049, 1051, 1052, 1067 subsect. Cucullatae 1185 13, 223 en. i 2 ey il, pot 127, 227a, 235, —. Masdevallia 7, 8, 519, 520, 523, 583, 595, 245, 369, os sis gen. Pygmaeia 1,3 710,431,433, 473 subgen. Scabripes I; 1, 8, 10, 1263 subgen. Teagueia 1265 subgen. Triotosiphon es subgen. Volvula 1,7, 9, 7 sect. Alaticaules Seis 10, 11, 12, 13, 29a, 105a, 113a, 155a, 165a, 207a, 245, 249 sect. Amaluzae 7,9, 10, 237, 431, 432, 434, 491 sect. Amandae 1113 Re ee 7, 8, 10, 431, 432, 434, 435, 595 sect. Clausae-porrectae 520, 1241 sect. Coccineae ee sect. Coriaceae 3, 4, 7,8, 10, 73, 227a, 235 5, 265, 266, 267, 315, 363, og 401, 413a, 519, 583, 619, , 265, 369, 401 Sect. Durae 1, 4, 7, 9, 10, 265, 266, 369, 379, 395, 399, 401 allia 6,7, He 265, 266, 519, 631, 731, 823, 1049, 1241 Sect. 7, 8, 9, 10, 265, 266, 401, 631, 719, Sect. Nidificae 1241 619, 665, 709 subsect. Oscillantes 7, 147, 519, 781, 803, 823, cl 917,918, 919, ee 933, 941, 943, 949, 953, 5,977, 1 7, ge 223, 224 st “ent eaves 1, 7, 10, 432 pe ih i bachianae 401 . Saltatrices 1,7, 409, 419, a 524, 979, 980, 1001, ote 1027, 1 subsect. Successiviflorae 1,7, 12, a subsect. Tubulosae 520 subsect. Zahibrucknerae 1, 7, 10, 431 ia abbreviata 1114, 1116, 1117,Plates 571., 572., 1125, 1127, 1149 acaroi rhe acrochordonia 14, 195, 23a., Plate 391., 149a adamsii 719, 721, "723,Plate 364. adrianae 14, 18, 23, Plate /. aenigma 14, 20, 25, Plates 2., 3., 85 lates 466., 467. 14, 101 alexandri 1213, 1214, 1215, Plate 620., 1239 SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA alismifolia 605, this il 789, Plate 394., frontispiece of Ico Xalvaroi 1113, 1114, Moe 1119,Plate 573. amabilis 1049, 1050, 1051, 1053, Plates 540., 541., 542., 543., 1055, 1059, 1073, 1085, 1089 var. lineata 1053, 1055 amaluzae 7, tay 433, 435, 437, Plate 216., 447, 469, 479, 491, evel 1114, 1115, 1119, 1121, Plate 574., 1123, 1124, 1125, 1147, 1183 ametroglossa ore amoena 917,918, fe 923, Plate 468. amplexa 14, 20, 29, Plate 5. ampullacea 449, 980, 982, 985, Plate 501., 991, 995 anachaeta a 433, 436, 439, Plates 217., 218., 467, 903, 1 anceps be or 1125, Plate 575. andreettana 918, 920, 921, me Plate 462. anemone teen 981, pl net anfracta angulata oats 267, 269, eles Plate 133., 283, 345, 349 angulifera 980, 982, 989, Plates 503., 504., 1033 a 1213, bons 1217, Plates 621., 622. ano Sarcondiiea” 459 antioquiensis 1242, 1 antonii 782, 786, 791, Plate 395. anura 1242, 1 aops 782, 485, Plate 428. aphanes 7, 431, 433, 435, | Plate 219., 493 apparitio 782, 784, 793, P. arangoi 719, 721, 725, — ariasii 917, 918, 919, 927, hase 935 aristata 14, 101 armini 782,787,795, Plates 397., 398., 797, 831 aspera as) 14, 12 — 2; aly 524, 525, -— Plates 262., 263. 782, 785, 799, Plate 399., 911 Gee 267, 271, 275, Fo “134, 135. oneareage 267, 333 579, 585, 719, ae 727, Plates 366., ae 368., 737, 751, 763, 765 433, 434, 445, cad 220. aurantiaca 14, 101 aurea 980, 981, 985, 991, Plate 505., 1007 bangii 3,7, 1099, 1100, Plate 565., 1049, 1051, 1055, 1059, Plate 544., it 33a, Plate 5. racial 1212, 1 1213, 1219 belua 267, 271, 277, Plate 136., 283 ge bicolor 16, 20, 22, 25, 31, 35, P 9. 10., 11., By ~ §9, 61, 79, fe 115, 181, ng 243, 245, 249 bicornis 3, 7, 1263, Plate 638. bicruris 1231 biflora 14, 35, 1114, 1129 bilabiata 267, 353 , 801, Plate 400. si 782, 801, Plate 401. bon 267, 268, 270, 279, Plates 137, 138. 281, 295, 301, 355 borucana 224, 239 bottae 782, Sn ae 827, 861, 879, 913 7, 270, 277, 283, Plate 139. braasii 4 brachyantha 227a, Plate 257., 657 races 14, 21, 41, Plate 12. brenneri 14, " 19, 43, Plate 13. eS ee Heri 267, 939, 1264 bone rr pipe pt 4, 18, 22, 47, Pate. 169, 219 1 106, Pa 64 en ee waonsnrer ni oe 14, 1116, 1127, Plates 576, $77. rsa es calocalix 533, Plate caloptera na, 1141 calopterocarpa 1114, 1121 bs 981, 993, Plate 506., 1005 calura 401, a hal 415, 421 calyptrata 1189 ie 3, 267, 268, 269, 289, Plates 142., yogis 291,357 143, 144., 14 iT, 289 49, Plate 16., 91 Plate 538. 115, 1124, 1129, Plate 578., subsp. candida 14, ge capillaris 433, a Plate 17., 109 cardiantha 14, 18.51 poopie carolloi 14, 181 26, 533, Plate 265. 14, 15, 16, 21, 22, 51, $3, Plates 18. pi 20., 135 19 Plase $72 953, 957 520, 69 63, 1187, Plate 609. 113, 1114, 1116, 1131, Plate gine §21, 5 —. 1288 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM chlorotica 520, 601 deceptrix 14, 19, 69, Plates 29., 30., 187 chontalensis 719,721, 731, Plates 369., 370.,733, | decumana 782, 787, 819, Plate 412., 855, 859 745 deformis 1049, 1051, ee Plate 549, 1071 chrysochaete 520, 675 subsp. exaltata 1051, chrysoneura au ps dethierroi 1186, 1193. ha e 612.. 1197 41 delphina 1114, 1116, 1127, 1137, Plate 583. chuspipatae pry 982, 995, Plate — oe or i 57, peter io 159 ar. ua citrinella 317, es 918, 920, 933, Plate 474, ede ere fee Plate 274. civilis 267, 270, 295, Plate 146.,295, 325, 351 denisonii civilis ‘Don’ 313 densiflora 1113, 1114, 1116, 1123, 1124, 1153 revi 520, 523, 528, 537, Plate 267. deorsa 287 leistogama 520, 523, 539, Plate 268. deorsum 267, 287 cloesi eta 811, Plate 406.,911 dermatantha 267, 289, 353 cocapatae = 59, prepa descendens 14, 17, 71, Plate 31., 111 7, 1049, 1050, 1051, 1052, diantha 719,731 1055, 1061, Plates 545, 546, 547., 1065, 1067, dimorphotricha 1114, 1115, eg Plate 584. , 1079 discoidea Cover Pt. 1, 224, 225, 233, Plate 118. var. lindenii 1061 di — Pee Sins 821, Plates 413., 414.,913 (for multiple varieties, see 1049-1050, 1061, 1063) dis 165 oe 1050, 1075 pete ery 231 colibri 14, 195 ijote 14, 19, 73, Plate 32. cee "433, 435, 455, Plate 225., 461 dorisiae 14, 1, Nig Plate 33. collina 7 , 370, 371, Plate 187., 375 “daguensis” i Be fd) draconis 14, i a hp en A colossus 267, 270, 271, 277, 283, 297, Plates 147., dreisei_ 521, 525, 553, P! 148., 307, 313, 903 dryada 369, 370, 373, Poe eg 377 concinna 14, 22, 61, Plates 23., 24. dudleyi 521, 528, 555, Plate 276. condorensis 520, 525, 541, Plate 269. dunstervillei 14,22, 79, Plate 35. 520, 601 dura 7,379, 380, 383, Plate 192., 395 constricta 449, re 982, 993, 997, Plates 508., 509., — 1113, Ss il Plate 635. 999, 1005, 1 ebumea 409a, Plat 5 copiosa = ecaudata 719, m1 corazonica 1113, 1114, 1116, 1133, Plates 580., 581. echinata 1049, 1083, cordeliana 782, 785, 813, Plate 407. echo 14, 18, > Plate 36. corderoana 521, 527, tot aba 270., 553, 679, 717 eclyptrata 1 coriacea 7, 267, 268, 270, 281, 295, 299, Plates 1. 149., ejirana 918, — 939, — 150., 301, 603, elachys 521, 525, 557, P subsp. bonplandii 267,279 elegans 521, 527, 559, popes 78., e7e. corniculata 1186, 1187, 1189, Plate 610., 1193, 1197 elephanticeps 4 267, 271, 303, Plate 151., 311, 313, var. inflata 1186, 1189 27, 343, 367, 627, 1195 cosmia 224, 225, 227, Plate 114., 247 ysepala 303, 333, 343 costaricensis 401,415 ellipes 267, 347, 349 cranion 521, 524, $45, Plate 271., 551, 577, 629 empusa 14, 15, 18, 19, 22, 83, Plate 37., 141, 1263 crassicaudis 520, 521,524, 525, 547, P Plate 272. 204., 419 401, 402, 409, crassicaulis 547 encephala 89a, 521, 525, 561, Plate 280. crescenticola 719,721, bite aot endotrachys 267,279 cretata 918, 920, 935, Plar, ensata <1, $7): 527, 563, Plate 281., 603, 705 cryptocopis 1200, 1203 401, 409 cucullata 7, 1185, 1186, 1191, Plate 61]. ephelota 782, * $23, Plate 415. peony 782, jum 14,1 oe ephippi cuprea 14, 15, 17, 18, 27, 63, Plates 25., 26., 27. 28., ie cade | 195 131, 1 191, ore erinacea 431, 433, fas 457, Plates 226., 227., 459, . hepatica 14, 63 cupularis 224, 225, 229, Plate 115., 331, 425 estradae 782, 7: bee 821, 825, Plate 416., 851 curtipes 224, 225, — IZ, 233 var. delicata 7 pe 1242, 125 var. peer os 851 cyclotega 667, 699, 7E2. 786, 815, Plates 408.,409. _ var. xanthina 782,911 te 782, 787, 803, . 7, Plates 410., 411.,913 eucharis 782,785, 803, $27, Plate 417. cyphosolenium” eumeces 224, 225, 235, Plate 119. por pe 917, pa 919, 937, Plates eumeliae 699, 782, 786, 829, Plate 418. 7 eurynogaster 1001, Plate 510. ae 1114, as 1135, Plate 582. exaltata 1049, gripe : datura 521, 524, 549, Plate 273., 615 excelsior 14, 21, 85, mee — 1049, 1051, 1065, bi Plate 548., 1079, exigua 433, 487 1091, 1095 expansa 782,787,795, 797, 831, Plate 419. SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1289 expers 433, 435, 455, 461, Plate 228. , Plate falcago 521, 522, 524, 567, Plat e 283., 1199 fasci: jata 1211, 1212, 1213, 1214, “1219 Plate 623., 1 122 fertilis 267, 289 roae 521, mp 569, Plates 284., 285., 286. 655 filamentosa 521 filaria 980, om "1003, Plate 511., 1021, 1031, 1039 flaveola 719, 72, 737, Plate 372. floribunda 645,719, 720, 722, 739, Plates 373., 374., 375., 376., 741, 761 foeda 224, 227, 247 foetens a 270, 285, 305, Plate 152. fi 7 sion 14, 101, 103 918, 919, 941, Plate 479. fosterae 14, 21, 87, Plate 39. fractiflexa 268, 270, 271, 283, 297, 307, Plates 153, 154., 337 fragrans 268, 271, 309, Plate 155., 325 nii 89a, oe 392. frontinoénsis 719, 7 fuchsii 980, 981, oa. 1005, Plate 512 fulvescens 401, 402, 411, Plates 205., ‘206. funebris 401, 421 galeottiana 719, 739, 740, 7 garciae 12, 15, 20, 89, Plat. gargantua 268, 271, 311, oh fe ‘157, 313 geminiflora 719, ee Pg 745, Plate 377. iflora” 733, gerlachii 268, 323 gilbertoi 521, 525, 573, Plate 287. glandulosa 521, 526, 575, Plate 288. glomerosa 521, 524, 551, 577, Plate 289. gloriae peer Seer 656. glossacles 433, 473 goliath 379, pets 385, Plate 193., 387, 389, 391, eH jana 521, gnoma 1099, eho pom Plate 566. gracilior 1 graminea 1114, 1116, 1141, Plate 585. grandiflora 521, 655 guayanensis "521, 523, 579, Plate 290., 727 Querrieroi 15, 18, 49, 91, Plate 41. gustavi at 1a. 1121 gutierrezii 719, 722, 747, Plate 378. guttulata 15, 17, 20, 93, Plates 42., 43., 131 haematosticta 268, 325, 347, 349 hajekii_ 521, 535 782, 783, 785, 833, Plate 420. see 1050, 1061, 1063) a. 15, 17, 97, Plate 44. henniae 433, 436, 463, Plate 229., 473 hepatica 15, 63 hercules 327, 1186, 1195, Plate 613. herradurae 719, 720, 721, 749, Plate 379. herzogii 15, 35 heteromorpha heteroptera 1211, 1213, 1214, 1217, 1219, 1221, late 624., 1229 hians 319, 521, 524, 587, Plate 294. 589, Plate 295., 835, 1223 hirtzii 980, 981, 1007, Plate 513. hoeijeri Frontispiece Part-2, 433, 436, 465, Plate 230., 485 i 268, 341 horrida 433, 457 hortensis 1213, eg hubeinii 784, 835, I, huebschiana 1114, 1157, os humilis 433, 509 hydrae 113, 1114, 1116, 2148, Plate 506. 782, 786, 837 sep) 1050, 1051, 182 17, Pl 8. aaa 1049, 1050, 1051, 1065, 1075, Plates $53., 1077 rminate 1 inflata 1189 a 14, 15, 16, 21, 22, 81, 101, 7} 139, 163, 189, 224, 225, 231, josei 917. fete OR Fae 917, 918, 919, 943. Plate 480. juan-albertoi 521, 526, 997. 107, kuhniorum 15, 17, 71. aa kyphonantha 1099, out 3, 520, 521, 522, 591. Oe a ae Tees 2 605, 697 1290 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM lankesteriana 401, 402, 413, Plate 20 lansbergii 1099, 1100, 1109, Plate 569., 1107 lappifera 319a, Plate 534. lata 7, 165, 223, 224, 225, 239, Plate 121., 241 720, 722, 727, 737, 751, Plate 380. rn ne 1114, 1116, x46, Plates 586., 587. lenae 15,21, 109, Plates 51., 5 leonardoi 521, 525, 611, pa leonii 782, 785, 849, Plate 429. leontoglossa ae 7, 268, 269, 319, Plate 160., 325 lepida 521, 528, 601, 603 leptoura tlie 1115, 1147, Plate 589., 1155 leucantha 520, S21, 523, 613, Plate 308. lewisii 521, oe 615, Plate 309. Xligiae , 979, 980, 982, 1009, Plate 514., 1021 tilerina 521, 526, 617, Plate 310., 661 lilianae 268, 270, 321. Plate 16 limax 577, 980, 981, 1007, 1011. Plate 515., 1015 lindeniana 720, 739, 740,741 — 1050, 1061 iflora 1050, 1061 ess) mse 1050, 1061 lineolata 521, 527, 619, Plate 31]. lintricula 15, 17,71, 111, Plates 53 e livingstoneana 720, 721, 753, Plate 381., 755 longicaudata 15, 101 — 1050 tot ‘1 lucernula me pon 621, Plate 3 gospel 782, 787, 813, 825, te Plate 430., 853, 1 — 782, 787, 853, ogg luziae-mari ae 113a, Plate 3? t . 786, es 43]. z macrogenia 369, 370, 373, 375, Plate 189. re | — 268, 269, 270, 323, Plates 162., 163., “macroglossa” 353 “macronema” 655 macropus 521, 527, 623, Plate 313., 633 mactura 268, 271, 327, Loos $n 1195 manchinazae 433, 434, 469, Plate 232., 4 mandarina 782, ron lesa 91 pace 521, 527, 625, Plate 3] ee Plate 48 yy Margaretae | ea Pe Plate 208., 419a, Martiniana 15, 18, 117, Plate 57 mMascarata 15, 20, 119, Plate 58. mastodon 521, 527, 623, 627, Plate 315. mataxa 433, 434, 471, P, 980, 981, 1011, 1015, Plate 517., 1017 lariiformis 521, 675 mayaycu 109, 224, 225, 243, Plate 123. 5 , 22, 121, Plate 59., 261 , 201 mejiana 401, 402, 417, Plate 209. melanoglossa 521, 523, 631, Plate 3 1114, 1116, 1127, 1149, hoa se 1181 melanoxantha 7, 13, 14, 15, 18,77, 123, Plate 60. 177, 1149 meleagris Lindl. 7, 603, 1211, 1213, 1214, 1225, Plate 625. meleagris Lindl. sensu Rchb. f. 1200, 1203 melina 268, 321 menatoi 224, 225, 227, 245, Plates 124, 125., 247, 249 mendozae 980, 981, 1007, 1011, ae Scena mentosa 433, 436, 473, Plates 234, mezae 15,22, 125, Plate 61. microptera Si 920, 947, Plate 482. a 95 wiciiae | 1114, see Plate 591. midas 521, 524, 633, P. mijahuangae 78 milagroi 1213, 1214, 1227, Plate 627. militaris 295, 1050, 1061, 1065 5, 1077 minuta 7, 631, 687, 719, — 721, 723, 735, 747, 757, Plates 382., 383., , 773, 1107 misasii 268, 269, 331, Poe 166, 167. molossoides 1242, 1247, 1249, Plate 6. molossus 979, 1241, 1242, 1249, 1251, Plate 639. monogona 15, 20, 127, P mooreana 267, 268, 269, 333, Plates 168., 169., 335, 343 morenoi 433, 4 morochoi 980, aa pe 1019, Plate 519. obambae 15,2 moy murex 268, laa fe Plate 170. muriculata on si mutica ag 1201, Plate 615., 1209 mystics 980, 982, 1021, Plate 520. i 720, 72. Plate 384. nidifica 7, 1241, ent 1243, 1247, 1253, Plates 640., 641., 1255, 1261 niesseniae 1050, 1051, 1079, Plate 554. Plate 483. e 320. 783, 784, 861, Plate 436., 877, 879, 913 norae 15, 18 93 _— Plate 64. normanii 40 norops 522,524 an Plate 321., 903 980, 982, 1023, Plates 521., 522. nutans 433, 439 SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1291 15, 21, 133, Plate 65. ocanensis 1200, 1203 ochracea 268, 299 522, 527, 641, Plate 322., 901 odontochila 224, 229, 425 odontopetala 15, 22, 135, Plate 66. oligantha 1114, 1121 olivacea 980, 989 olmosii 1280 omorenoi 15, 20, 137, Plate 67. ophioglossa 1241, 1242, 1257, Plates 642., 643. subsp. grossa 1242, ge oreas 224, 225, 249, P. ortalis 918,920, 935, os, aL Plate 951., 965 as gets 289, 268, 270, 339, mo 171. pachysepala 268, 2 . 343, Plate I 173., 1195 pachyura 1114, 1115, 1147, 1155, Plate yee 1245 subsp, leptoura 1114, 1147 bambae pais 783, 845 paivaéana 2, ey Bi 523, 525, 645, Plate 325. ida Why pe pandurilabia 251, 783, 784, 863, Plate 437. panguiénsis iy Py 387, 389, Plate 195. pantherina 5 pantomima ere ae 1229, Plate 628. Xparlatoreana 1 parvula 633, a 1213, 1214, 1215, 1227, 1229, 1231, Plates 629., 630., 1232, 1239 pastensis 522, 697 pastinata 15, 20, 141, Plate 69. patchicutzae 15, 20, 143, Plate 70. patriciana 522, 525, 647, Plate 326., 817 eral 433, 434, 451, 471, 481, Plate 239. pelecani 6 ares a 261, 268, 271, 325, 347, Plates 175., 6., 34 Sl icta 268, 347 pernix 783, 786, 867, Plate 439. persicina 918, 919, 921, 929, 953, Plate 485., 1264 peruviana 15, 35, 183 pescadoénsis en: 721, 763, Plate 385. petiolaris 522, 601, 605 —_ 522, res 649, Plate 327. hasmatodes 918, 919, 955, Plate 486. i 328. picturata 7, 1113, 1119, 1199, 1200, 1201, 1203, Plates 616., 617., 618., 1209, 1211, 1212 var.minor 1200, 1 subsp. minor 1200, 1203, 1207 “pink uniflora” pileata 783, 786, 871, Plate 441. pinocchio Frontispiece Part-1, 15, 17, 147, Plate 72., 917, 1009 1213, 1214, 1227, 1235, Plate 631., 1239 plantaginea 433, 3, 435, 483, Plate 240. paler 267, pen ge 353, Plate 178. 200, 1201, 1209, Plate 619. wenty 651. polita 401, aul Plate 210. , 920, 929, 957, Plates 487., 488. po! , 187, 873, Plate polysticta 1113, ‘1114, 1116, 1145, i, Plates 594., 595., 1163, 1165, 11 var, crassicaudata 1 var. sulphurea porphyrea UB, 1114, 1115, 1161, Plate 596. , 149, ge 75. posadae 16,22, 151, Plates 74, pozoi ie ik 1163, Plate 597. 391, Plate 1 pteroglossa 9 8, 920, 945 945, 959, Plate 489., 973 pterygiophora, 2 432, 433, 436, 485, Plate 241., 489 “pusillissima 487 pulcherrima 1113, 1114, wr 1159, 1165, Plate 598. Pa 3,107.8 ei 7, 655, Plate 330., 661 fo eae ied. 913 nivea ee pr "a 1050, ag 1053, 1055 on pygmaea 7, 431, 433, 436, 465, 487, Plate knosepala poy’ 489, Plate 243. 225, 251, Plate pyxis 224, 657, Plate 331. quasimodo 522, 526, 7097, Plate 564., 1098 aurea 522,643 rafaeliana 1113, 1114, 1115, 1167, Plate 599. rauhii 15, 125 a ep TL Pte 7418 171 recurvata 16,21, 159, Plate 78. reflexa Schltr. 224, - Bigg 393, Plate —_ oii 7, 401, Bess ait, Pie 211. = wii, 1121 ena 783, 784, 897, Plate 445. repanda ies 7,7 BH, Pl $6. et ore 3 $00 8 78 383, Plate 7. " 918,920, 961, Plate 490. 742, 1249 rhopalura 1242, 0°" 6. 21, 163, Plate 80., 224, 225 1292 ricii 583, 980, 981, 995, 1029, Plate 526. 268 robusta 379, 380, 395, rodolfoi 918, 920, 951, 963, Plate 491, subsp. ortalis Pay 951 rolandorum ae vs rolfeana ee 402. 409, pi 421, 425, Plate 2] rosea pale 1050, 1051, 1055, 1081, Plate 555., 1083 . echinata 1049, 1050, pape a Plate 556. roseola 522, 526, 617, 661, Plate 3 827, 885, Plate 449, , 295, 351 Saltatrix 7 7,979, 980, 982, 1031, Plate 527., 1039, 1241 sanchezii 433, 434, 469, 491, Plate 244 499 sanctae-fidei 14, 16, 21, 79, 119, age 165, Plates 81., 82., 239 Sanctae-inesiae 783, 786, 887, Plate 450., 913 Sanctae-rosae 268, 269, 357, 181. sanguinea 16, 17, 19, 97, 167, Plate 83. santiagodrum guis 720, 722, 727, 765, Plate 386. scalpellifera 433, 436, 493, Plate 24 oY 522, 523, 635, 663, Plate 334. scapha ny ee 16, 22, 69, 121, 159a, 169, Pease 171, 219, 253 Idhaueri 522, 563 schi schizantha eg 784, 871, 889, Plate 451., 893, 901 schizopetala 433, 435, 495, Plates 246., 247., 4 gpronay 7, ll, 169, 171, 223, 224, 253, Plate 128., var. polyantha 224, 253 var, sceptrum -mummii 783, 784 784, 891, Plate 452. Schoonenii 522, 528, 665, Plate 335. greg be Plate 214. oak 16, 21, 179, Plate 89. semae 14, 16, 21, 22, 181, Plates 90., 91. Sertula 1114, 1116, 1171, Plate 601. ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM er 980, 982, 1033, Plate 528. 505a, Plate RR 522, 526, 669, Plat e 337. solomonii 522, 527, 671, Plate 338., 683 sororcula 2: 3 spathulifolia 1114, 1157, 1159 sphenopetala 1114, 1131 spilantha 268, 270, "361, Plate 183. Xsplendida 1050, 1055, 1085, Plates 557., 558.. sprucei 12, 16, 21, 163, 183, Plate 92., 224, 225 Staaliana 1113, 1114, 1115, 1139, 1173, Plate 602. Stenantha 522, 69 as ai Le 20, 185, Plate 93. , Plate 5. Ha 12, 89, 224, 225, 255, Plates 129., 130., “251. 291, 413, 771 strobelii 643, 980, 981, 983, 1035, as 529. Dees e strumifera 520, 521, 522, 523, 673, e75 Plates 340., 341., 677, sie 9a Plate 65 stumpflei 1050, 1051, ce 1089, Plate 560. subumbellata 16, 35, suinii 522, 527, 679, Plate 342. sulfurea sulfurella 918, ay 969, Plate 495. sumapazensis 269, 363, Plate 184. superflua 224, 253 surinamensis synthesis 16, . - Plate 95. spay 691, 693 teaguei 1265. tentaculata iis 1114, 1116, 1175, Plate 603. tenuicaudata 1 1242, 1253 _ 720, 749 terborchii 522, 524, 681, Plates 343a., 343. theleiira 16,17, 191, Plate 96. thienii 224, 225, 241, 259, Plate 131. tinekeae 522, 528, 683, Plate 344 titan 379, 380, 385, 387, 389, 397, Plate 199. 7 torta 6, 268, i 365, Plate 185. torulosa 16, tovarensis 14, 16, 22, 189, 193, Plate 97. trautmanniana oem 685, Plate 345. trechsliniana Pg i 7, 709, 781, 783, 786, 821, 841, 895, 975 Plates 454., ey 456., tricallosa 783, 786, 899, Plate 457. tricolor 783, 807 tricycla 918,919, 971, Plate 496. tridens 1114, 1116, 1153, 1159, 1171, 1177, Plate 604 tridentata 1 rifurcata 433, a, 505, Plate 251. “trifurcata”” trigonopetala ‘SZ, 523, 687, Plate 346. trionyx trinemoides 1213, 1219, SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 1293 triquetra 16, 101 Xwubbenii 918, 919, 971, 975, Plate 498. trivenia 433, 479 wuelfinghoffiana 783, 787, 907, Plate 461. trochilus 14, ype tee a 151, 149a, 155, 195, wuerstlei 224, 261, Plate 132. Plates 98., 97, 791, 903 “white uniflora” trioén 1099, or a rot wurdackii 783, 784, 837, 881, 909, Plate 462. truncata 522, 525, 689, Plate 347. xanthina 783, 784, 785, 793, 799, 803, 811, 821, tsubotae 16, 20, 159a, 199, Plate 100. 827, 845, 846, 847, 857, 905, 907, 911, Plates tubata 980, 982, 999, 1037, Plate 530. 463., 464.,913,9 tubuliflora 719, 720, 721, 761, rE Plate 389. var. pallida 783, 911, 913 tubulosa 319, 520, 522, 523, 539, 633, 673, 687, subsp. 783, 691, Plates 348., 349., 350., 351., 693, 903 subsp. ys subsp. sytingodes 522, 691 subsp. valida 1, Frontispiece tuerckheimii 720, 739, 740, 741 a an seer 1149, 1181, ulei 720,773 Plate. ove 520, 521, 522, 525, 528, 697, Plate 352., xanthura 16, 35, igs xerophila 918, ao H.B.K. ximenae 1213, 1214, 1227, 1239, Plate 633. 9 uniflora Ruiz & Pav. a: cy 265, 281, 519, 520, phium 322, 522, 524, 525, 659, 699, Plate 353., 815, 829 xylina 16, 20, 219, oo = 720. ae 980 on 522, 528, 701, Plate 354. — ate S21, 531,557,635, 671, urostachya 707, T11, Plates 359., 360., 361., 362., 713 711, 169 ustulata ony gon 703, Plates 355., 356., 705 subsp. 713 utriculata 379, 380, 399, Plate 200. zahibruckneri 7, 113a, 119, a, ea i valenciae 783, 787, 901, Plate 458. 507, 509, Plates 253., Pate 2 vargasii 15, 16, 18, 19, 71, 79, 117, 167, 199, zamorensis 783, age nett es 101., 1 103., 104., 221 zapatae 369. 369, 370, Plate 201, Plat vasquezii 522, 527, . 522, i 57, Pe 33 veitchiana 1050, ion. 1055, 1059, 1067, 1079, 1085, | 0, 1 221, Plate 13. 1091, Plate 561., 1093, 1095, Frontispiece Part-5 een Stee late 5 var. mt bios 1050, 1091 ayia 1113, 1114, ie 1183, Plate 608. oer 7a, velifera 268, O71. 272, 311, 313, 331, 367, Plate 186. reser velox 918, 937 deg on, 1101 venatoria 783, 786, 903, Plate 459., 913 1109, nu acetate seg 1100, ei rege Plate 570. ee tr 957 1, 1039, ciliaris 857 2, 1261, P. scope yond 980, re avy 1021, 103 Piatt $31; rele hit “129, 357,431, 483, 755, 1209, var. brevicaudata 980, 1039 — var. frontinoénsis 1031 sate 6 var. longi 980, 1003 mage a amt subsp. filaria 980, 1003 bri +; 1209 venus 207a, 61. pneaiaagg ne venusta 1050, 1051, 1052, 1089 a verecunda 415, 522, 523, 709, Plate 358. plantaginea ast vexillifera 783, 785, , Plate 460. sanctae-rosae vidua 1185, 1193, 1197, Plate 614 Porrogloss —_ 1263 Vi , 435, late 252 sigan i211 virens 16, 17, 207, Plate 105. os! odrigoa “. 1203 virgo-cuencae 16,1 19, , 209", Pi , YP etig 1231 vittatula 1114, 1115, 1123, 1124, 1129, 1179, amg Plate 605 1221 vomeris 16, 21, att. Plate 107. ee i vulcanica 433, meleag 1237 wageneriana 7, pit 918, 920, 927, 959, 963, 973, Racrigoa bilebista 353 Plate 497., 97 aeael slum 2,1 var. colombiana 918, 959 Scaphosepalum erinaceum 457, 755 e , 953 153 var. rodolfoi aes 483 918, 963 walteri 402, 413a, 429, Plate 2 inia plantaginea 431, 483 weberbaueri 15, 16, 17, 131, 191, "ors, Flakes BOS. Specklnts Pe 759 109., 110. welischii 1050, 1051, 1079, 1095, Plate 563. ; 2, 487, 1263 Trisetella , 773, Plate 390. hion 129 wendlandiana whiteana 16, 18, 217, Plate I11., eo" SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 7 MASDEVALLIA Masdevallia Ruiz & Pav., FI. pn Chil. Prodr. 122, 1794. aa eae — Ruiz & Pa Ety.: Ni honor of os Mandevall hysi th f Charles III of Spai Syn.: sgl Pridgeon & M.W. Chan: ‘Lieto 16; 252, 2001. Type: Masdevallia pygmaea Kraenzl. iodon. th yo lete Plants perennial, very small to large, weak to robust, epiphytic. lithophytic to eesti, the rhizome very short to coarse or auls ascen to erect, rarely descending, slender to stout, non-pocudobulbous, shorter than the by Ramicauls ding i at leaf, unifoliate, partially or completely enclosed ig oy oe Haescence emerging lat erally g 8 ta relation to the rami hike Rac ae “y “ecan » lover). I caul, thinly to thickly cori , smooth green or dark gree’ y , me de a + ly obovate rent amano tore os chanel Pee Ur UD th. petiole meee as rere flower, a succession of single flowers, or a successively or ously few- to many-flowered raceme, lax or congested, longer or shorter than the leaf, the pete slender to stout, short or long, round to triangular in cross tion, t -scabrous in one specees, Wi 1-3 bracts, when triquetrous oti slender to stout, longer or shorter than the floral bract; ovary smooth, lameliate, crested, danger papillose, trivalvate with the ribs smooth, F mi fleshy, variously colored, smooth to verrucose or pubescent, broad to narrow, acute to ae y t : o weeply connate, usually pce usually longit udinally callous, callous, often produced into a tooth on the geiapanaga margin, aor above eb lip usually i oe without a calbes, ete ot , obtuse to unded, to verrucose, ed accomapteghuaiecergmaee f longitudinal calli often extending ve over the margins with ched u notched denticulate, ‘he disc smooth or with a pair ° margins of the column beneath; column semiterete, the anther v entral, more or bea oe voded, the apical t : ines entire to lightly toothed, the rostellum retrorse, the po — EA the stigma ventral, | the base of ' ‘ oe ates thin of the o vary, with an The g genus Masdevallia is vest divided into 1 mpee 13 subsections. The proposal of Diodonop. sis for five species of Masdevalli genus Pygmaeia is unwarranted (Luer, 2002). Subgenera, Sections and Subsections of Masdevallia Subgenus Amanda, type: M. amanda Subgenus Nidificia, omy ochiienil Subgenus Cucullatia, type: M. cucullata Subgenus Polyan aye Subgenus Fissia, type: M. picturata perenne Alaticaules, type: M. melanoxantha enus Masdevallia, type: M. uniflora Subsection Coaeraneae, type: M. sceptrum Section Coriaceae, type: M. coriacea ‘on Polyanthae, type: M. imi Section Dentatae, type: M. collina — P fyanthae, type: M. schlimit Section Durae, type: M. dura ar agne type: M. lata Section Masdevallia, type: M. uniflora Pygmaeia, type: M. pyemaea Subsection Caudatae, type: M. caudata — Amaluzae, type: M. amaluzae Subsection Coccineae, type ~~ - on Amaluzae, type: M. amaluzae Subsection Masdevallia, type: M. uniflora sao _ type: Subsection Oscillantes, type- M. zahibruckneri M. wageneriana Secti » Aphanes, type: M. aphanes Subsection Saltatrices, type: M. saltatrix Subsection Aphanes, tyPe: M. aphanes Section Mii , type: M. minuta Subsection Prerygiophorae, ‘YPS: Section Racemosae, type: M. racemosa M. pterygiophora Section Reic , type: Section Pygmaeae, type: M. pygmace Ti mee Voivula, ype: M- caudivolvula sg! ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM KEY TO THE SUBGENERA AND SECTIONS OF MASDEVALLIA 1 Lip undivided, with or without calli 2 1’ Lip divided by marginal folds into two parts, an epichile and a hypochile.......... 19 2 Rhizome elongated, plant repent 3 2’ Rhizome abbreviated, plant caespitose .. 4 3 Inflorescence racemose; lateral sepals tailless........... Masdevallia sect. Racemosae 3’ Inflorescence single-flowered; sepals caudate subsect. Masdevallia 4 Peduncle scabrous... Scabripes 4# Peduncle smooth 0.0.0.0... ccccscc 5 5 Inflorescence 1-flowered.............. 6 5’ Inflorescence 2- or more-flowered, or successively flowered 12 6 Ovary variously ornamented ................ 7 6 Ovary not ornamented, but may have low carinae or ribs 8 7 Ovary carinate-crested; sepals tailless or contracted into short, thick tails.............. crete ise rhe peg sas oc eae Ae LMG Ug eit Pygmaeia sect. Aphanes 7’ Ovary spiculate to papillose; sepals caudate................ Pygmaeia sect. Pygmaeae 8 Petals without a protruding process... 9 8’ Petals with a protruding PORE 11b 9 Sepals deeply connate into a tube constricted above the middle DEG ea ae ee a ee Masdevallia sect. Triotosiphon 9° Sepals not connate into a constricted tube............. 10 ~ Lip thick, verrucose at the APEX. cocccsseoeoc Masdevallia sect. Coriaceae 10° Lip thin, smooth or microscopically verrucose at the apex 11a 11a Plant small, weak: Sepals membranous......................... a sect. Amaluzae 11a’ Plant strong, robust; sepals Mesby....... Masdevallia sect. Reichenbachianae : - cae with a small callus above or along the margin... Masdevallia sect. Minutae TID’ Petals with a Protruding, marginal process............ Masdevallia sect. Masdevallia — starts SE asta a eral subgen. Meleagris 12° Sepals variously connate... 13 13 Ovary variously omamented ...... 14 13 Ovary not omamented, but costate. ribbed of ennai, 15 14 Ovary crested: lateral sepals tailless.__ : 5 > : uot teweeeneedinunan: ++... Pygmaeia sect. ve o ary and sepals echinate; sepals caudate-clavate........Pygmaeia sect. Pygmaeae SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 29a Masdevallia ametroglossa Luer & Hirtz, = nov. Ety.: From the Greek wngiernes: “an immense tongue, oe to the eonscen Inter species sect. Alaticaules, plant di P , 0 longissimo, flore mediocri protuberanti distinguitur. : a medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots fleshy. Ramicauls stout, erect, 1.5-2 cm long, en- closed nas 2 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, narrowly ples raed ss -obovate, subacute to obtuse, 10-11 cm long, 1.4-1.8 cm wide, gradual narowed below ita ill-defined petiole. Inflor- congested, successively flowered raceme, borne by a stout, erect, triquetrous peduncle, 24-27 “a = ~ a bract at the base, from low on the ramicaul; floral bracts imbricating, — 10 the tube synsepal 40 mm n long, 18 mm wide, veined concave peor with the sides recurved beyond into cylindrical, contiguous tubes, with the free ends 10-12 mm long; — white, —— 10 mm long, 3 mm wide, the apex tridentate, the labellar half with a low, longitudinal callus ee ina globose swelling at the base; li p greenish white, , able 1S mn mn ae wide, with a pair ypochile oblong, shallowly concave obtuse, with a midline callus, also callous beneath the i Oa shallow, central cleft, hinged beneath; column semiterete, 4 mm long, ae bat 2 mm long with a distinct, i ECUADOR: Zamora-Chinchipe: oe del Condor, Nangariza Zurmi, alt. 800 m, cultivated at Ecuagenera, Gualaceo, spi 11 Tuly 2002, A. Hirtz 8386 (Holotype: MO), C. Luer illustr. 20194. This species, recently found in the Cordillera del Condor, is a member of the section Alaticaules. Vegetatively, it is relatively small for the subsection, but with a proportionately long, stout pe cle. The flower is yellow-green and of average size. The tail of the dorsal sepal is erect or slightly recurved; the sides of the lateral sepals beyond the sepaline tube are recurved individually into adjacent tubes. The immense lip protrudes beyond the orifice of the sepaline tube. ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM Plate 649. Masdevallia ametroglossa SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 113a Masdevallia loui Luer & Dalstriém, sp. n Ety.: Named for Louis (Lou) Jost, —— natural, omithologist, aa artist, and free- lance author, Fintan parva, ped ] denti triquetri ae pal re ae simus = e171 — li by Be = DAL L M4 ose. Plant small, a spre? _— slender. Ramicauls ‘Slender, erect, less than 1 cm long, en- closed by 2 tubular sheaths. iole 1-1.5 cm long, the ree ‘narrowly poate cacase to ‘obtuse, 0. 9-1 - cm wide, pasared narrowed below i into the petio o + mt the LR £. i. L rf > 1. 41 hk o nal ome peduncle, 1- - cm long, with a b tubular, oblique, 5-7 mm long; pedice 15 mm long: ovary 3 mm long; sepals pale brown brown with numerous purple specks, fleshy, sri’ externally, minutely tubercular within, the dorsal sepal obovate, 9mm lon wide, 3-veined, connate 7 mm i indri tube, the apex contracted into obtuse, an erect, stout tail 10 mm long, the lateral a connate 14 mm in toa broad, ovate, obtuse E synsepal with a secondary mentum below the middle, tails ca. 1.5 mm long; petals cartil I l ks, oblong, 4.5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, the apex truncate, minutely shes the labellar half with a low, longitudinal callus; lip by yelio eh Eats eee , subpandurif orm, 5.5 5 mm long, 2 mm wide, chong hypoctl 3 mm ong. th Ls | mm at apex a minutely egies. minutely verrucose, the disc shallowly 4 lly, the base truncat 3.5 mm long, he foot 2 mm long incurved citenslaa ECUADOR: Pastaza: humid forest, Rio Anzu, alt. okt m, collected by S. Dalstrém and L. Jost, 23 c. 2002, S. Dalstrém 2746 (Holotype: QCA), C ps illustr. 20427. This little species is one of only a few known species in subgenus Polyantha section Alaticaules with a descending, triquetrous peduncle. It is characterized by an unusually, small, caespitose habit and a short, strictly pendent peduncle. Superficially, it resembles M. zahlbuck- neri. The pattern of the small flower is basically similar to many other members of the subgenus Polyantha. The three sepals are connate into a short, cylindrical tube beyond which the synsepal expands, with the obtuse tips terminated by very short, thick tails. A secondary mentum accommodates the lip. ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM 1l4a mm 5 SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 149a Masdevallia plynophora Luer, sp nov. Ety.: From the Greek plynophorus, “bearing a washtub,” i apa to the basin-like re Pang haec M. trochili I inden & J André affinis, sed sep floralibt g Plant large, epiphytic, caespitose; roots coarse. Ramicauls stout, erect, 4-4. 4-4.5 cm long, enclosed by 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, 10-25 cm long including the petiole 2-6 cm long, the blade _ yale 2.2-3 cm wide, narrowly cuneate below into the stout, channeled pe- iole. Inflorescence a subcongested, successively aa raceme up to 10 cm oo borne by a suber- ect, stout, triquetrous peduncle 20-40 cm long, oe we shen broad, with a tent at the base, from low ¢ on atin imbric: long, ¢ dorsal sepal ici wae: ca. 22 mm ay de mm — connate to the lateral sepals for 9m cm long; late teral eigrernapniestigirt giles ry < eee rs on ae mm wide unexpanded, concave above the middle, 15 mm deep, with the sides more or less erect, not incurved, the veins prominent within and verrucose tow apices, the apices » appro contracted into slender tails 5 cm long; petals white, oblong, 9 mm long, 2.25 mm wide, the apex nar- rowly tridentate, the labellar half longitudinally callous-thickened ; lip white, diffusely dotted with pur- - oblong-pandurate, 8.5 mm long, 2 mm wide, with p t, obtuse, lobe-like, marginal folds near middle, the epichile elliptical with the ap cose, subacute, apiculate, the hypochile lasek oblong, the base subcordate, hinged on on ag end; column white, stout, 3 mm ia withas wcaoigt semiterete, 7 mm long, the foot RU: Amazonas: La Providencia, alt. 2300 m collected by J. Meza, irene by B. Wilrstle at Spielberg, Germany, 1 S 1984, C. Luer 10432 type: MO) purchased m J. Meza, cultivated by A. Maduro at Finca eaxte Cerro Punta, Chiriqui, Panama, 14 Nov 1998, C. Luer 18981 (MO). Masdevallia plynophora is very aon ly allied to the relatively frequent and widely distributed M. trochilus, and coul possibly be treated as a variation. Vegeta- tively, they are indistinguishable, except for the longer average lengths of the bracts and pedicels. The differences in the appearance of the flowers are remarkable. Instead of the lateral sepals incurved into a closed, eg8- shaped synsepal, the synsepal is gaping and bowl-shaped, probably enticing nators other than hummingbirds. An illus tration of this species was identified as M. acrochordonia in part-one of pees ORE: When the true M. acrochordonia wa : ; + acti’ recognized in the area of its first collection, it was obvious that this F was not the same. an Peru, where it Masdevallia plynophora is is apparently restricted to ae obtained probably grows with M. trochilus. It was first ot in 1984. A second collection from Jorge Meza and cultivated by Berthold W also obtained from Meza, and culti- was seen among plants of oe M. trochilus, ated by Andres Maduro in | ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM 150a Plate 651. Masdevallia plynophora SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 159a peemeratie rechingeriana Kraenzl., Repert. Spec. Nov. '. Regni Veg. 17: 424, 1921. : Named for Dr. K. Rechinger. Plant large, robust, asec caespitose; roots coarse. Ramicauls erect, stout, 2-3 cm long, enclosed by 2-3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, rigid, thickly coriaceous, 10-11 cm long including the petiole 1.5-2 cm long. the se clita borate, obtuse to rounded at the apex, 2-2.5 cm wide, cuneate below into the petiole. Inflorescence a congested, successively few-flowered raceme, borne by a stout, erect, triquetrous peduncle 20 cm long, with a bract at the base, from the base of a ramicaul; floral bracts thin, — imbricating, 10-14 mm long; pedicels 12-17 mm long; 5-6 mm | is glabro croscopically cellular-verrucose within, the dorsal sepal yellow, lightly suffused with purple above the middle, elliptical-obovate, ca. 15 mm hee: 9 mm wide, short, a tube, the apex acute, acuminate, into a erect, slender, yellow-green tail 3.5 cm long. the lateral sepals dark purple, ovate, htinad, ca, 22 mm long, connate 17 mm into an ovate, bifid lamina 17 mm wide, with a shallow me — the apices acute, contracted into slender, yellow-green tails 2.5 cm long; petals greenish white, oblong, 7 mm long, 2 mm wide, the apex irregularly bilobulate, the the labellar half with a longitudinal callus, rounded pth the base; lip yellow, diffusely dotted with red-purple, oblong-subpandurate, 6.5 mm long, 2.75 m . arg low sapere epichile ovate, acute, denticulate-erose, ve th on th subcordate, hinged a column green, Rpseerniar 5 mm long, the foot Or mm nice thick, with a short, incurved extens VENEZUELA: near Colonia Tovar, Arnold s.n. (Holotype: W). Without locality, collected by C. Wubben, cultivated in 2001 in Staffordshire, Eng- land, by Sue Skittrell s.n. (MO), C. Luer illustr. 0080. Masdevallia rechingeriana was first collected near Colonia Tovar in the coastal range of northern Venezuela. It was known to me only from the type-collection at W, which is represented by only two pressed flowers. It was erroneously be- lieved to be a collection of M. sceptrum (Systematics of Masdevallia Part One). A recent collection, most likely from the same area, no doubt represents this species in spite of an absent keel beneath the apex of the lip as reported by Kr This species is characterized by a robust habit, and a stout, triquetrous peduncle considerably longer than the leaves. The flowers are produced succes- sively in a congested raceme. The dorsal sepal is yellowish and attenuated; the Synsepal is dark le, deeply connate The tails are sbeebs long as the blade. The petals on the lower margin. The lip is oblong middle and an acute, verrucose apex. - on data, appears very Masdevallia tsubotae, from Colombia but without collection similar, and may prove to by synonymous. ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM Plate 652. Masdevallia rechingeri SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 165a Masdevallia rolandorum Luer & Sijm, bes nov. Ety.: Named for Dr. and Sra. Isaias Rolando of Lima, Peru, who cultivated this species. Inter species sect. Alaticaules, - 7 pedunculo crasso longissimo, flore Lacon sepalis late r i A = ¢, a tinowitir C= r 2 Plant large, epiphytic, caespitose; roots fleshy. eR stout, erect, 4 cm long, enclosed by 2 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, n wly elliptical-obovate, subacute subacute to obtuse, 23 cm long, 2.5 cm wide, gradually I ca. 44cm long. a congested, successively flowered raceme, up to 5 cm saa bee by a stout, erect, triquetrous peduncle, 32cm toe with a bract at the base, from low on the ramicaul; floral bracts imbricating, oblique, 15-25 mm long; pedicels 18-23 mm long; ovary 7 mm long; sepals fleshy, the dorsal sepal light yellow-green, glabrous, ovate, 15 mm long aes entire length 5 cm), 11 mm wide, 3-veined, connate to the lateral sepals for 7 mm to form a short, cylindrical sepaline tube, the free portion broadly tri , acute, pa into an erect, stout, yellow-green tail ca. 3.5 cm long, the lateral sepals ai Ovate, minutely capillose synsepal 47 mm long, 23 mm wide, 6-veined, concave basally, ¢ 5 i ree ends narrowly triangular, saa -_ long; petals — mm | half with a , A mm long, 3. 5 mm wide, the apex subbidentate, the labellar a 75 eam long, 4.25 mm wide, St cd ice een eT “the with a pair of oblique, t epichile mi ened and minutely Tugose enc beneath the tip, the Meee oblong, — § mm long with a truncate, shallowly — ber ed beneath; column semiterete, 7 mm long, istinct, incurved extensi PERU: Amazonas: near Moyabamba, alt. 700 m, csi by Renato Villena, obtained from Dr. Isafas Rolando, cultivated at Venhuizen, the Neth therlands, July 2002, by A.P. Sijm 220209 (Holotype: MO), C. Luer illustr. 20168. This large species is fundamentally similar to many of the other species of sec- tion Alaticaules. It is distinguished from them by the large habit and a long, stout peduncle over 30 centimeters long. The flower is large with a broadly expanded, convex, minutely papillose, uniformally purple synsepal that ends in short, acu- minate, tail-like apices. The petals are thick and broadly oblong. The lip is also broadly oblong with a thick, minutely Tugose apex. The usual folds are thick, nearly transverse and overhanging. ee SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 195' Masdevallia trochilus Linden & André, in Lind. Catalogue 1873; et Gard. Chron. 33: 711, 24 May 1873. Ety.: From the Latin trochilus, “a kind of little e bird,” applied t to the Sry apr of the New World chat Trochilidae), We Rchb.f., Bot. Zeit {Do-l: ) 390, 20 June 1873. “hay From the Latin par Pity ‘a saddle,” referring to the shape of the lateral sepals. Syn.: Masdevallia colibri Burbidge, Florist & Pomol. 3, 1873, nomen nudum. Ety.: From Colibri, “‘a hummingbird,”’ the Indian name for the plant. Plant large, epiphytic, caespitose; roots coarse. Ramicauls stout, erect, 3-6 cm long, enclosed by 2- 3 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, 10-22 cm long includin ig the petiole 2-6 cm long, the blade elliptical, obtuse, 2-4 cm wide, narrowly cuneate below into the stout, channeled petiole. Inflorescence a subcongested, successively ance raceme up to 10 cm long, borne by a suberect, stout, triquetrous peduncle 20-35 cm long, up to 0. Sem broad, with a bract at the base, from | low on the ramicaul; floral bracts foliaceous, imbricating, 1.5-3 dorsal sepal yellow, ith | "obovate, 18-23 mm long, 8-10 =m wide, ¢ connate to the lateral sepals for 5 mm to form a cylindrical sepaline t tube. rtion ovate, subacute to obtuse, contracted into a slender, erect rs 6-9 cm Merete lateral sepals red-brown to rhe mac connate 20-25 mm to ee a ae ventri panded, 15-20 mm deep, w sides incurved, the apices, the apices eched. approximate, contracted into slender tails 3-6. 5 cm nie petals waits, oes donate cfe cc ed ith le, oblong-pandurate, 7-7.5 mm long, 2-2.5 mm wide, t ickened; lip white, pica dott wit purp mses g-P Aegan at eicile se alk the apex minutely verrucose, obtusely apiculate, the hypochile ackuais oblong, the the tak taleais — with purple margins, semiterete, 5 mm long, the foot sont 3 mm long, ty a short, incurved extens COLOMBIA: Antioquia: Sons6n, above Sons6n, ype Rio Herradura, alt. 2200 m, 13 May 1983, R. Escobar & E. sapeiad Les (SEL); Urrao, Rio Pabén, alt. 2100 m , 28 1977, collected = E Scinige culti- 17 Apr. 1988, C. Luer 13227 (MO). Cauca: Buena- ventura, 1877, Klaboch s.n. (W); forests above Popaydn, alt. 1750-2000 m, 23 Feb. 1884, FC. Lehmann 3538 (AMES, B, BM, BR, G, K, LE, US, ECUADOR: Napo: near Rio Quijos, alt. 2100 m, collected by A. Andreetta, cultivated in Cuenca, 13 July 1977, C. Luer 1693 (SEL); Cotundo, a, 208 m, July 1984, A. Hig 1829 (MO). Pastaza: R Negro, alt. 1300 m, 15 July 1983, A. Hirtz 1039 Bomboiza, alt. 1500 m, ‘collected b yA E cultivated i in Cuenca, 1 Nov. 1982, C-. Luer 2322. (Ss collected by G. Hiubsch s.n. (W): without collection. | 1, stove Vileabamba, alt. data, cultivated 1881 by James O’Brien s. n. (W); Rio be between Loja and and Zamora, alt. 700 aap 1982, D. a esemmirs s.n. (SEL). Zamora- Zamora, alt. 2250 m, 22 May ies, s Loj Hirtz, W. Flores, A. ce & W. Teague an W Kaniger, H. Koni Koniger & M. Arias K-8le (MO, PERU: i Meza, cultivated by B. Warstle at Herb. H. Koniger). Junin unin: Chanchamayo, Germany, 1 June 1980, C. Luer 5299 (SEL). 196! ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 197! Gustav Wallis first discovered this well-known species in 1868 in the mountains above Sonsén in the Colombian department of Antioquia. It was very scantily described in Linden and André’s sales catalogue in the spring of 1873, and quoted in the weekly Gardeners’ Chronicle, only a few weeks before Rei *s Lati description was published with the name M. ephippium. This large species is widely distributed from central Colombia to central Peru. In his Xenia Orchidaceae of 1874, Reichenbach published an account of M. ephippium, and on the same page he described as M. acrochordonia the plant col- lected in Ecuador by Dr. Krause. He distinguished the latter for smaller flowers with narrower, less involute sepals. The synsepal of M. plynophora from northern Peru is larger and widely expanded without incurved margins. Masdevallia trochilus is characterized by the large habit with thickly coriaceous leaves and a stout, considerably longer peduncle. The raceme produces a large flower on a long pedicel successively over a long period of time, often over one year. The sepals are connate into a proportionately short, cylindrical tube. The blade of the dorsal sepal is held forward, and the long, slender tail reflects abruptly. The lateral sepals are deeply connate into a concave synsepal that is deeply inflated above the middle. The sides are involute, creating an egg-shaped synsepal with the interior hidden. The petals are variously dentate and callous along the lower half. The lip is pandurate with wing-like folds near the middle. Bote ies Z east iz = Wieser Wahaus SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 227a Masdevallia anomala Luer & Sijm, sp. nov. Ety.: From the Latin anomalus, ‘‘deviating from the usual,”’ referring to the combination of morpho- logical features. Planta mediocris, pedunculo tereti unifloro, sepal dibus sup dium encrassatis, petalis Plant medium in size, epiphytic, pi ts slend _Ramicauls stout, blackish, erect, ca. | cm ae enclosed by : a loose, bular sheath and h th Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, 9 | 2.5 cm long, the blad lliptical, subacute. 1.2 cm wide, vane at i narrowed below into the petiole. g y berect, terete peduncle, 9 cm long, with a bract near the base, from low on the ramicaul; floral bract tubular, oblique, 13 mm long; pedicel 7 mm long; ovary 8-9 30 long; sepals color?, glabrous, the dorsal sepal obovate, 17 mm long, 11 mm wide, 3-veined, connate to the lateral sepals for 10 mm to form a cylindri- cal tube, the free portion broadly triangular, subacute, ae into a forwardly directed, slender tail, ee cng the apex, 15 mm long, the ov sepals | oblong, 20 mm long, | 10 mim | wide, 3 veined, conn poe ae white, oblong, 7.5 mm long, eC 3 mm wide, the apex obtuse-subtruncate, minutely short- apiculate, with a low, longitudinal, callus along om “— margin above the lower third, and with an mm long, 4. 5 mm wide, with a pair of longitu- — carinae from: low folds near the > middle, the crcl oblong, wi th the sides narrowly revolute, the argins o of th 5s giv Bnei sips stout — basal angles or lobes, he b btruncate, cleft, thic ke i and ig aduaprna hance ete, 8 mm long, th Ily long with a di tinct ti gi 7 T <= ole fi, } h PERU: Huanuco: near Tingo Maria, alt. ca. 1500 . ce, ‘a P. Sijm et al. s.n. (Holotype: MO), C. Luer lustr. 20170. This species, a recent collection in central Peru by Ton Sijm, exhibits an un- usual combination of physical features. The narrow, coriaceous leaf is borne by a black stem, not unusual among many subdivisions of the genus. The single- flowered peduncle is terete and as long as the leaf. The flower is typical of section Polyanthae with callous but “toothless” petals, and a lip with marginal folds near the middle, and with fimbriate margins above the middle. The peduncle and petals also suggest section Reichenbachia- nae, a Central American taxon with a mber in adjacent Colombia. It is super- ficially similar to some members of sec- tion Coriaceae. ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM Plate 654. Masdevallia anomala SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 409a a eburnea Luer & Maduro, s Sp. nov. Ety.: From the Latin eburneus, “of ivory,” referring to the sepals. Sei ha marginellae Rchb.f. affinis, sed pedunculo longiore, florib jorib & oo 7 M4 Bist ate. ie o sep = r Plant serene ey in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots fleshy. peace slender, erect, 2 cm long, enclosed by 2 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly elliptical-obovate, obtuse, 12-14 cm long, 2.5 cm wide, padeelly narrowed below it a petiole ok fe long. Inflorescence a rapidly successive or nearl -flowered raceme, the rachis ca. 1.5 cm between flowers, bore a slender peduncle, round in cross section, 11-13 cm ine with a bract at the base, from low on the ramicaul; floral bracts o! nt ee mm long; pedicels 15 mm rite ovary 10 mm long: # sepals fleshy, glabrous, shiny, ivory to light y -green, vate, 25 mm long, 11 mm wide, 3-veined he | 1 20 fi |-shaped , sepaline tube, te free portion broadly tianguls, cs, coed ino mot 20 elo low-green tail ca. 4m long, t ] 251 mm long, 26 m mm wide, 6- sca.3cm veined, convex centrall y, wi long; petals payee cartlagenous ovate, 7 5 mm long, 3.5-4 mm m wide, the apex rene lobed, tt the labellar half with thirds; lip bivadly: pra 9mm long, 4 mm wide, with a pair of low, longitudinal calli, obtusely angled near the middle, the apex rounded, minutely erose, the base subtruncate-cordate, s shallowly cleft, hinged te, 6 mm long. k ANAMA : Chiriqui: alt. pavacc m, collected by Erick Olmos, spring 2000, cultivated at Finca Dracu- la, Cerro Punta, sprin ae eg 'E Olmos 157 (Holo- type: MO), C. Luer illustr 19926; cultivated in land Park, IL, Dec. 2002, by J. Dixler s.n. (MO). This species of section Reichenbachia- nae from western Panama is most similar to the Costa Rican M. marginella. The sepals of the Panamaian M. eburnea are more deeply connate into a much broader tube. Although the sepaline tails of the simultaneously two-flowered M. marginel- la are sometimes more or less curved, the tails of the lateral sepals of M. erickii are curv Z Masdevallia eburnea is characterized by a slender peduncle, nearly as long as the leaf, that bears in rapid succession a loose, few-flowered raceme, sometimes with two flowers open simultaneously. The flowers are shiny, pale yellow-green, streaked with rose, and produced about a centimeter and a half apart. SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 413a Masdevallia gloriae Luer & Maduro, 3 nov. Ety.: Named for ede Herrera de Maduro of Panama, Panama, wife of Andres Maduro, co-collec- tor of this — 1 ¢, +5 be | x Pp 1 Aik = >+ i eal: sans ae Coria- a pa ceae ame Plant small in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots fleshy. Ramicauls stout, erect, 1-1.3 cm long, en- closed by 2 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, 4-7 cm long including a petiole 1- -1.5 cm long, the blade narrowly elliptical-obovate, bomtesi 6 to obtuse, 1,4-1.8 cm | wide, gradually ct. terete peduncle. 3- below into the petiole. 'y 4.5 cm long, with a aime at the base, from lo h icaul; floral bract | tubular oblique 8-10 mm long; pedicel 9-14 mm long; 1 Is whit | 1 obovate, 12 mm long, 6 mm wide, 3-vein ot comme wo tanta spas or ae niet ose A portion broadly triangular, subacute rd, stout, yellow tail 15-21 mm long, 2 mm thick, the ‘lateral sa oblong-obovate, ll mm long, 3-veined, connate 5 mm into ‘ lamina 12 mm wide, the apices subacu' white, oblong, ria — Below the middle, 5 mm long, 21 mm wide, the apex obtuse, mint apiculate, the labellar half w th: ern — long, 2. athe sing th x isthmus above the middle, the cpichile pari ovate, obtuse, callous is the tip, the hypochile oblong, sh shallowly c sof with the ‘margins thin, the bens wencate ant 1 TT central cleft. hi g h; column semiterete, 4 mm reflex long, the foot 2 mm long with a distinct, eared extension. PANAMA: Chiriquf: Cerro Punta, Guadalupe, alt. D 2000 m, collected by A. Maduro and E. Olmos, cultivated at Finca Dracula at Cerro Punta, A. Maduro s.n. (Holotype: MO), C. Luer illustr. 201 This species, recently found on a cold, humid mountainside in western Panama, is a member of section Reichenbachianae, joining M. chasei and M. walteri in pos- sessing a pair of folds above the middle of the lip. It is characterized by a single- flowered terete peduncle that is shorter than thickly elliptical, obtuse leaves. The flowers are tubular and white with thick, yellow tails. The sepals are callous above the lower margin, as seen in sections Coriaceae and Riko and subgenus Polyanthae. The lip with a pair of longitudinal call that form obli ue angles above the middle, as seen omer in all ne of subgenus Polyanthae, but uncommonly to ae : sa taxa. The base of the lip is unique. ee . a pair of short, oblique calli flanking a shallowly cl 4l4a ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM caper asi ae aye sf vet mw i aonouasinosenn Ve Deas ee oe SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 679a Masdevallia strumosa P.Ortiz & E.Calderén, Orquideologia 22: a 2002. to the prominent Ety.: From the Latin strumosus, ‘with a swelling,” referring Wik eins it lender. Ramicauls blackish, slender, erect, 3 cm long, enclosed by 2 loose, Be sc mfe pees " Leaf erect, coriaceous, 8-12 cm long including a petiole ca. 3 m long, the blade narrowly elliptical, subacute to acute, 1.4-1.6 cm wide, narrowed below into the petiole. —— a single flower, borne bya a slender, erect peduncle, ca. 6-8 cm 1 long, with a bract at the base, fr m low 2; F ag; Ovary mm | J whi & afc Te , glabrous, th 4 1 P o /. 14 long, 7 mm wide, $ reined, with purple stripe below the mille, connate tothe lateral eal for 8 mm mm to form subacute di ct, slender. yellow tail 4.7 cm ‘long, the lateral sepals oblong, oblique, 15 mm long, 7 mm wide, 3-veined, each with 2 purple stripes below the middle. tails similar to that of the dorsal se epal; petals white, oblong, oblique, 6 mm long, Shae ee ee lowly | bilobulate, subapiculat ate, th = Liat L bl, Inry ia rate, 7 mm long iS 3mm wide, channeled pe lightly peri below the dilated “gle ee apex broadly rounded, saent defle xed, | minutely erose, base narro ved, hinged iterete, 6 m COLOMBIA: Valle del Cauca: Cordillera Occiden- tal, Cali, Los Farallones, cuenca del Rio Pance, Filo de Hambre, ‘“‘Mirador del Ilex,” alt. 3190 pies 25 Mar. 1998, E. Calderén 110C (Holo otype: FMB); same collection, E. Calderén 110A, 110B, 110D (Para- types: COL, JAUM, MO, TULV), C. Luer illustr. 20430. This species of subsection Masdeval- lia, apparently endemic in southern Colombia, is closely related to the rela- tively frequent and widely distributed M. pernnifers. Both are characterized by the “goiter,” a prominent, elongated mentum. Masdevallia strumosa is distinguished by white sepals with a prominent purple stripe on the dorsal sepal and a pair of stripes on each of the laterals. The are proportionately large, obliquely ob- long, and shortly unguiculate. The apex of the lip is widened with the rounded tip sharply deflexed 90°. POLIO Nee ea rover Me oP fir os SIE Wee ee ap NS NN a cea a SYSTEMATICS OF MASDEVALLIA 789a Masdevallia acaroi Luer & Hirtz, Sp. a Ety.: Named for — Medina of ador, coll f peci Iivered at Ecuagenera in Gualac Species haec M. dre Koniger affinis, sed sepalis i bropunctati dis longiorib labello ovato marginibus undulatis differt. Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 1 cm long, enclosed by 2 loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, ag yr peape a cm — ‘including a a petiole LS cm long, the blade narrowly eli: rst eee: to obtuse, 1 . Inflor- gp ON flow © by If duncl 3.5 cm long, with a bract atthe 1k pean ed | re] 7 a sepals rose, piers and diffusely dotted with red, glabrous but microscopically cellular with ‘minutely fnncnahag gin the dorsal ‘Sepal suborbicular, concave, anteflexed, 11 mm m long, 9 mm wide, 3-veined, connate to the = P d. contracted into an erect or slightly reflexed, senuet, p pa h tail 4 cm long, h | sepals elliptical 16 mm n long, 9.5 mm wide, 3-veined, connate 4 mm, btuse, d di i dorsal sepal; petals rose oblong, ‘